Ruminant micro-ecological additive and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of additives, and particularly discloses a ruminant micro-ecological additive and a preparation method thereof.The ruminant micro-ecological additive is formed by compounding a solid-state fermentation preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae, a hawthorn extract, rutin, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and L-glutamine. By adjusting the environment in the rumen of ruminants and improving the digestibility of the rumen, the feed can be more sufficiently digested and absorbed in the rumen, more sufficient nutrients are provided for animal growth, a more suitable acid-base environment is created for growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the rumen, the stability of the environment in the rumen can be maintained, and the rumen of the ruminants can be improved. The growth, development and production performance of the ruminants are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of additives, and in particular relates to a ruminant microecological additive and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the standardization and regularization of the ruminant breeding industry and the intensification of market competition, the proportion of fattening cattle and sheep in the pen has become higher and higher, and the feeding mode has also changed from mainly roughage to mainly concentrate feed. Taking fattening sheep breeding as an example, in order to increase the growth rate of mutton sheep and achieve rapid market release, farmers have greatly increased the feed ratio of concentrate feed, and the proportion of concentrate feed has even reached more than 90%. This has also brought a large number of animal health problems, such as low feed utilization, increased overfeeding, slow weight gain in the late fattening period, and frequent subacute rumen acidosis. In particular, there is currently no good solution to subacute rumen acidosis.

[0003] The commonly used method to solve subacute rumen acidosis is to add rumen buffer, but the application of rumen buffer only increases the rumen pH on the surface, and does not improve the imbalance of rumen redox potential. The resulting low feed intake, low fiber digestibility, severe overfeeding, and even increased mortality rate in the late fattening period of sheep have not been improved.

[0004] Due to the particularity of the rumen of ruminants, there are also a lot of studies on microecological preparations for regulating rumen homeostasis, most of which focus on yeast and yeast culture, Bacillus subtilis, etc., but the feedback is not good. Some technologies use microbial cultures combined with plant extracts such as grape seed proanthocyanidins to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation in ruminants, but they have not formed a comprehensive system of microbial metabolites, antioxidant-based plant extract ingredients, and rumen buffering ingredients, nor have they deeply analyzed their effects on rumen pH, redox potential, LPS accumulation, and animal growth performance. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a ruminant microecological additive and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A microecological additive for ruminants, which is a compound of solid fermentation preparations of saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae, hawthorn extract, rutin, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and L-glutamine. The solid fermentation preparations of saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae are 850-900 parts; hawthorn extract is 1-5 parts; rutin is 1-5 parts; calcium oxide is 20-40 parts; magnesium oxide is 20-40 parts; glutamine is 30-60 parts. The solid fermentation preparations of saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae are prepared by adding saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid into a solid fermentation medium at a ratio of 3-5%, and adding 1-3% of Aspergillus oryzae spore powder at the same time; after fermentation, the L-glutamine content is ≥0.6%, the total ester content is ≥1%, the total antioxidant capacity is ≥50mmo l / g, the cellulase activity is ≥115U / g; the xylanase activity is ≥55U / g; and the neutral protease activity is ≥3200U / g.

[0008] The solid culture medium used for culturing yeast and Aspergillus oryzae in the art can be used for solid fermentation of the corresponding strains. Preferably, the culture medium includes the following raw materials: 750-820 parts of flaky bran; 180-230 parts of uncrushed rice husk; 3-6 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; 4-5 parts of ammonium sulfate; 1-2 parts of calcium chloride; 1-2 parts of ammonium chloride. After the above raw materials are compounded, 2500 parts of water are added, and the moisture content is 48%-55%.

[0009] The liquid culture medium and fermentation conditions used in the art for culturing yeast seeds can be used for culturing corresponding strains. Preferably, the culture medium comprises the following raw materials: 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-5 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2-5 parts of soybean meal powder, 10-15 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is water; preferably, the fermentation conditions are as follows: fermentation temperature 30-35°C, fermentation time 24-36h, and fermentation is stopped after the bacterial activity reaches 200-500 million CFU / g.

[0010] The liquid culture medium, solid A culture medium and fermentation conditions used in the art for culturing Aspergillus oryzae spore powder can be used for culturing the corresponding strains. Preferably, the culture medium and culture conditions include the following raw materials: picking Aspergillus oryzae spores on the plate and inoculating the liquid culture medium, the liquid culture medium is composed of: 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-5 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2-5 parts of soybean meal powder, 10-15 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is water. The fermentation temperature is 30-35°C, the fermentation time is 36-48h, and the fermentation is stopped after the spore count reaches 100-300 million / g. The spore suspension is inoculated into a solid fermentation medium at a ratio of 1-3%, wherein the solid fermentation medium A comprises: 600-700 parts of flaky bran; 100-200 parts of flaky soybean meal; 100-200 parts of corn husk; 3-5 parts of ammonium sulfate; and 2000 parts of water; the moisture content is 45-55%, the fermentation temperature is 30-35°C, the fermentation time is 48-72h, and the spores on the solid fermentation medium are collected to obtain Aspergillus oryzae spore powder.

[0011] Preferably, the solid-state fermentation process of yeast and Aspergillus oryzae can be used for the fermentation of the corresponding strains, and the process is as follows:

[0012] ① Aerobic fermentation stage: adjust the fermentation temperature to 30-35℃, the fermentation time to 36-48h, and turn the material every 6-12h; during this stage, the yeast activity can reach more than 100 million CFU / g, and the number of Aspergillus oryzae spores can reach more than 100-200 million / g;

[0013] ②Anaerobic fermentation stage: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, stop turning the material, seal the solid fermentation medium, fermentation temperature 35-40℃, fermentation time 24-36h; during this stage, the neutral protease activity reaches 2500-3000U / g.

[0014] ③Broken cell wall drying stage: The solid fermentation material is dried at a low temperature of 55-65°C. During this stage, the yeast begins to autolyze and break the cell wall. When the moisture content drops to 10-12%, the drying is stopped.

[0015] Preferably, a ruminant microecological additive is applied to the feed concentrate for ruminants.

[0016] The compounding process of the ruminant microecological additive of the present invention is to determine the optimal compounding ratio of brewer's yeast and Aspergillus oryzae solid fermentation preparations, hawthorn extract, rutin, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and L-glutamine through experiments and research according to the efficacy requirements of the additive and the characteristics of each component.

[0017] Place the weighed ingredients into a suitable container, perform a preliminary simple mixing to ensure that the ingredients are roughly evenly distributed, and use a stirring device to mix them with the feed to ensure that the ingredients are fully in contact and evenly mixed.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention addresses the drawbacks of high-concentrate feeding. The current high-concentrate feeding mode in ruminant farming causes many animal health problems, such as low feed utilization, increased feed overload, slow weight gain in the late fattening period, and frequent subacute rumen acidosis. Through a unique combination of ingredients, these problems can be effectively alleviated, the feed-to-meat ratio can be reduced, and the feed utilization efficiency can be greatly improved, bringing higher economic benefits to farmers. The internal environment of the rumen of ruminants can be adjusted, the rumen digestibility can be improved, and the feed can be more fully digested and absorbed in the rumen, providing more sufficient nutrients for animal growth, creating a more suitable acid-base environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the rumen, helping to maintain the stability of the internal environment of the rumen, and ensuring the growth, development and production performance of ruminants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Embodiment 1:

[0022] Application of ruminant microecological additives in feeding fattening cattle

[0023] 1. Selection and grouping of experimental animals: The experiment was conducted at Yongxing Animal Husbandry Cattle Farm in Jiyuan, Henan Province. 90 Simmental crossbred cattle weighing about 400 kg and in good condition were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, 30 in each group, for a trial period of 60 days. The three experimental groups were:

[0024] Group Ⅰ: blank control group, fed with basic diet for beef cattle;

[0025] Group II: experimental group, fed with basic diet for beef cattle and 50g / head of microecological additives;

[0026] The microecological additive comprises 860 parts of the solid fermentation preparation of brewer's yeast and Aspergillus oryzae; 3 parts of hawthorn extract; 3 parts of rutin; 20 parts of calcium oxide; 30 parts of magnesium oxide; and 50 parts of glutamine.

[0027] Group III: positive control group, fed with basic diet for beef cattle and 50g / head of an imported brand of yeast culture;

[0028] 2. Diet composition and feeding

[0029] The test cattle were fed once a day using TMR mixed feeding technology. The basic diet composition was: 1.1 parts of peanut vines, 3 parts of alfalfa silage, 14 parts of corn silage, 2.8 parts of concentrate, and 0.3 parts of DDGS.

[0030] 3. Determination indicators

[0031] Dry matter intake, body weight before and after the experiment, and daily weight gain calculation (see Table 1)

[0032] Table 1 Effects of different microecological additives on daily weight gain of beef cattle.

[0033]

[0034] After 60 days of testing, the daily weight gain of the group fed with the microecological additive was significantly higher than that of the control group, which increased by 10.52%; the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 3.29%; compared with Group III, the daily weight gain increased by 3.07% and the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 0.73%; the test results show that the product of the present invention can significantly increase the daily weight gain of beef cattle, reduce the feed-to-meat ratio, and improve feed utilization efficiency.

[0035] Implementation 2:

[0036] Application of ruminant microecological additives in feeding fistula sheep

[0037] 1. Selection and grouping of experimental animals: The experiment was conducted at Huaxing Cattle Farm in Changji, Xinjiang. Nine small-tailed Han sheep with similar weight and good physical condition and permanent rumen fistula were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with 3 sheep in each group. The experimental period was 15 days. The three experimental groups were:

[0038] Group Ⅰ: blank control group, fed with basic diet for mutton sheep;

[0039] Group II: Experimental group, fed with basic diet and 20g / head of microecological additives;

[0040] The microecological additives include 900 parts of solid fermentation preparations of brewer's yeast and Aspergillus oryzae; 5 parts of hawthorn extract; 5 parts of rutin; 40 parts of calcium oxide; 40 parts of magnesium oxide; and 60 parts of glutamine.

[0041] Group III: positive control group, fed with basic diet for mutton sheep, and 20g / head of yeast culture of a certain imported brand;

[0042] 2. Diet composition and feeding

[0043] The experimental sheep were fed twice a day, and the basic diet composition was: 25% corn straw, 35% corn, 40% concentrated feed, and 35% controlled starch level.

[0044] 3. Determination indicators

[0045] Rumen digestibility, rumen pH

[0046] Table 2 Effects of different microecological additives on rumen digestibility and fermentation parameters of mutton sheep

[0047]

[0048] After 15 days of feeding, the rumen digestibility of fistula sheep, the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber digestibility of the microecological additive group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and also better than the imported brand yeast culture group. Its rumen pH was higher than that of the control group and the group fed with imported brand yeast culture. The test results show that the product of the present invention can significantly improve the rumen digestibility of mutton sheep and increase the rumen pH.

[0049] Embodiment three:

[0050] Application of ruminant microecological additives in feeding fattening sheep

[0051] 1. Selection and grouping of experimental animals: The experiment was conducted at Yuanyang Sheep Farm in Henan Province. 200 small-tailed Han sheep weighing about 18 kg were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 200 in each group, for a test period of 130 days. The two test groups were:

[0052] Group Ⅰ: blank control group, fed with basic diet for mutton sheep;

[0053] Group II: Experimental group, fed with basic diet and 20g / head of microecological additives;

[0054] The microecological additives include 850 parts of solid fermentation preparations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae; 1 part of hawthorn extract; 1 part of rutin; 20 parts of calcium oxide; 20 parts of magnesium oxide; and 30 parts of glutamine.

[0055] 2. Diet composition and feeding

[0056] The test sheep were fed twice a day with a basic diet consisting of a complete mixed ration for mutton sheep, supplemented with 50 g of corn straw per sheep to control the starch level at 35%.

[0057] 3. Determination indicators

[0058] Stage weighing, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen epidermal tissue sampling, slaughter performance

[0059] Table 3 Effects of microecological additives on growth performance of mutton sheep

[0060]

[0061] Table 4 Effects of microecological additives on rumen tissue and small intestinal tissue of mutton sheep

[0062]

[0063] Table 5 Effects of microecological additives on rumen fermentation parameters

[0064]

[0065] Through feeding of mutton sheep throughout the whole period, the daily weight gain and slaughter rate of the group with added microecological additives were higher than those of the control group, with daily weight gain increased by 7.36% and slaughter rate increased by 4.61%; the addition of microecological additives improved the health status of the rumen and small intestinal tissues of mutton sheep to a certain extent, including increasing the length of rumen papillae, increasing the number of papillae per unit area, and improving the toughness of the small intestine; the addition of microecological additives can significantly reduce the lipopolysaccharide content, reduce the redox potential, and is beneficial to rumen homeostasis.

[0066] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0067] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ruminant microecological additive, characterized in that: The microecological additive is composed of a solid fermentation preparation of brewer's yeast and Aspergillus oryzae, hawthorn extract, rutin, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and L-glutamine; the solid fermentation preparation of brewer's yeast and Aspergillus oryzae is 850-900 parts; hawthorn extract is 1-5 parts; rutin is 1-5 parts; calcium oxide is 20-40 parts; magnesium oxide is 20-40 parts; and glutamine is 30-60 parts.

2. The ruminant microecological additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid fermentation preparation of brewer's yeast and Aspergillus oryzae is prepared by adding brewer's yeast liquid into a solid fermentation medium at a ratio of 3-5%, and adding 1-3% Aspergillus oryzae spore powder at the same time; after fermentation, the L-glutamine content is ≥0.6%, the total antioxidant capacity is ≥50mmol / g, the total ester content is ≥1%, the cellulase activity is ≥115U / g, the xylanase activity is ≥55U / g, and the neutral protease activity is ≥3200U / g.

3. The ruminant microecological additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solid fermentation medium is prepared by compounding 750-820 parts of flaky bran, 180-230 parts of uncrushed rice husks, 3-6 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 4-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-2 parts of calcium chloride and 1-2 parts of ammonium chloride, and adding 2500 parts of water, with a moisture content of 48%-55%.

4. The ruminant microecological additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The brewer's yeast liquid is prepared by adding 3-5% of the yeast liquid cultured in a triangular flask into a liquid culture medium, wherein the liquid culture medium comprises 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-5 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2-5 parts of soybean meal powder, 10-15 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is water; the fermentation temperature is 30-35°C, the fermentation time is 24-36h, and the fermentation is stopped when the bacterial activity reaches 200-500 million CFU / g.

5. The ruminant microecological additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Aspergillus oryzae spore powder is prepared by picking Aspergillus oryzae spores on a plate and inoculating them into a liquid culture medium. The liquid culture medium comprises: 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-5 parts of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2-5 parts of soybean meal powder, 10-15 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest of water. The fermentation temperature is 30-35° C., the fermentation time is 36-48 hours, and the fermentation is stopped after the number of spores reaches 100-300 million / g. The spore suspension is inoculated into an A fermentation culture medium at a ratio of 1-3%. The A fermentation culture medium comprises: 600-700 parts of bran; 100-200 parts of soybean meal; 100-200 parts of corn bran; 3-5 parts of ammonium sulfate; 2000 parts of water; the moisture content is 45-55%, the fermentation temperature is 30-35° C., and the fermentation time is 48-72 hours. Finally, the spores on the solid A fermentation culture medium are collected to obtain the Aspergillus oryzae spore powder.

6. The method for preparing a solid-state fermentation preparation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following phases are included: ① Aerobic fermentation stage: adjust the fermentation temperature to 30-35℃, the fermentation time to 36-48h, and turn the material every 6-12h; during this stage, the yeast activity can reach more than 100 million CFU / g, and the number of Aspergillus oryzae spores can reach more than 100-200 million / g; ②Anaerobic fermentation stage: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, stop turning the material, seal the solid fermentation medium, fermentation temperature 35-40℃, fermentation time 24-36h; during this stage, the neutral protease activity reaches 2500-3000U / g; ③Broken cell wall drying stage: The solid fermentation material is dried at a low temperature of 55-65°C. During this stage, the yeast begins to autolyze and break the cell wall. When the moisture content drops to 10-12%, the drying is stopped.

7. A ruminant microecological additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hawthorn extract has a total flavonoid content of more than 6%, a rutin content of more than 98%, and an L-glutamine content of 50%.

8. The ruminant microecological additive according to claim 1 is used in the feed concentrate for ruminants.

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