Microbial fermentation feed capable of improving disease resistance of broiler chickens and preparation method of microbial fermentation feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial fermentation feed capable of improving disease resistance of broiler chickens and a preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed, and belongs to the technical field of feed preparation. Comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of corn flour, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of fish meal, 8-12 parts of tea seed cakes, 5-8 parts of mulberry leaves, 3-5 parts of dandelions, 0.1-0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.05-0.1 part of allicin and 0.5-1 part of a compound microbial agent. Wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared from lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, candida utilis and bacillus licheniformis. The raw materials in parts by weight are mixed and fermented to obtain the microbial fermented feed capable of improving the disease resistance of the broiler chickens. According to the microbial fermentation feed disclosed by the invention, low-cost natural raw materials (such as tea seed cakes, mulberry leaves and dandelions) and the compound microbial agent are comprehensively utilized, so that the disease resistance of broilers can be comprehensively improved on the basis of reducing the cost; besides, the compound microbial agent can be fully fermented, the content of functional substances such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and antibacterial peptide is increased, the intestinal microecology can be effectively regulated and controlled, the immune function can be effectively enhanced, and the survival rate and disease resistance of the broiler chickens are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and in particular relates to a microbial fermented feed capable of improving the disease resistance of broilers and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In traditional broiler farming, corn-soybean meal-based feed formulas are widely used due to their high energy and high protein characteristics. However, long-term use of this single formula will lead to a series of problems:

[0003] Imbalance of intestinal flora: Corn-soybean meal feed lacks sufficient functional ingredients to regulate the balance of intestinal microecology, which can easily lead to excessive growth of harmful bacteria (such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli);

[0004] Reduced immunity: Due to impaired intestinal health, broiler chickens’ immune system function is suppressed and their resistance to pathogens is weakened;

[0005] Infection risks in intensive farming: In high-density farming environments, pathogens spread quickly and the abuse of antibiotics is widespread, further exacerbating the problem of drug resistance.

[0006] There are methods to improve the intestinal health of broiler chickens by adding probiotics (such as lactic acid bacteria) or functional oligosaccharides (such as mannan oligosaccharides), but these methods have the following limitations:

[0007] 1. The effect of a single strain is limited: A single type of probiotic has weak colonization ability, is difficult to survive for a long time in the complex intestinal environment, and is easily destroyed by high temperature or gastric acid environment during feed processing.

[0008] 2. Insufficient metabolites: Probiotics are not fully fermented, and the content of functional substances such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and antimicrobial peptides is low, which cannot effectively regulate intestinal microecology and enhance immune function.

[0009] 3. High cost: Although exogenous addition of immune enhancers (such as β-glucan) can enhance the immunity of broiler chickens, it significantly increases feed costs, limiting its application in large-scale production.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a microbial fermented feed and a preparation method thereof that can significantly improve the disease resistance of broilers and has low preparation cost. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a microbial fermented feed for improving the disease resistance of broilers and a preparation method thereof.

[0012] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0013] One of the technical solutions of the present invention:

[0014] A microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0015] 50-60 parts of corn flour, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of fish meal, 8-12 parts of tea seed cake, 5-8 parts of mulberry leaves, 3-5 parts of dandelions, 0.1-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.05-0.1 parts of allicin and 0.5-1 parts of compound microbial agent;

[0016] Wherein, the composite microbial agent includes Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Bacillus licheniformis.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The microbial fermented feed formula defined in the present invention improves the disease resistance of broilers comprehensively from multiple aspects such as nutrition supply, intestinal health regulation, immune enhancement and pathogen inhibition through the synergistic effect of multiple raw materials, specifically:

[0018] The starch in corn flour is broken down into oligosaccharides and monosaccharides under the action of composite microbial agents, thereby improving energy utilization. The protein in soybean meal can be broken down into small peptides and free amino acids, which are easier to be absorbed by broilers, while reducing the impact of anti-nutritional factors (such as trypsin inhibitors). Fish meal can provide high-quality animal protein and essential fatty acids, and the high-quality protein in it complements corn flour and soybean meal, optimizing the amino acid balance. In the process of microbial fermentation, the fatty acids in fish meal are partially converted into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), further promoting intestinal health. Tea seed cake contains tea saponins, which can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestine (such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella), and the cellulose in it is degraded into functional oligosaccharides under the action of microorganisms, becoming a culture medium for probiotics, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, and maintaining the balance of intestinal microecology. The flavonoids in mulberry leaves have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, protecting the intestinal mucosa from Free radical damage, polysaccharides are converted into immunomodulatory substances during the microbial fermentation process, thereby enhancing the nonspecific immune function of broilers; the active ingredients in dandelions (such as chlorogenic acid) synergistically work with tea saponins in tea seed cake to inhibit intestinal pathogens, and the metabolites produced during the fermentation process (such as short-chain fatty acids) further enhance their antibacterial effects; zinc sulfate synergistically works with vitamins and polysaccharides in mulberry leaves to promote the development of immune organs, and during the microbial fermentation process, zinc sulfate may also be partially converted into organic zinc to improve bioavailability; allicin synergistically works with tea saponins in tea seed cake to enhance the inhibitory effect on intestinal pathogens, and the short-chain fatty acids and antimicrobial peptides produced during the fermentation process further amplify their antibacterial effects; finally, the four microbial composite agents specified in the present invention work synergistically to comprehensively improve the health level and production performance of poultry (broilers) by optimizing intestinal microecology, enhancing immune function and improving feed utilization.

[0019] Optionally, the microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0020] 60 parts of corn flour, 25 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of tea seed cake, 8 parts of mulberry leaves, 5 parts of dandelions, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1 parts of allicin and 1 part of compound microbial agent.

[0021] Optionally, the microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0022] 55 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of tea seed cake, 7 parts of mulberry leaves, 4 parts of dandelions, 0.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.07 parts of allicin and 0.7 parts of compound microbial agent.

[0023] Optionally, the microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0024] 50 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of tea seed cake, 5 parts of mulberry leaves, 3 parts of dandelions, 0.1 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.05 parts of allicin and 0.5 parts of compound microbial agent.

[0025] Optionally, the tea seed cake needs to be detoxified:

[0026] The tea seed cake is crushed to a particle size of ≤2 mm, placed in a high pressure steam sterilizer, and steamed at 120° C. for 10 minutes to degrade tannic acid (content ≤1%), and then cooled for later use.

[0027] Beneficial effects: Tea seed cake contains a certain amount of tannic acid and other potential anti-nutritional factors, which may have adverse effects on the health and growth performance of animals. Therefore, the present invention detoxifies tea seed cake to degrade anti-nutritional factors such as tannic acid, eliminate their adverse effects on the health of broilers, and retain the beneficial ingredients in tea seed cake. This treatment not only improves the safety and nutritional value of tea seed cake, but also provides broilers with better quality feed raw materials, which helps to improve their growth performance and disease resistance.

[0028] Optionally, the mulberry leaves and dandelions need to be pre-treated:

[0029] The mulberry leaves and dandelions are dried and crushed.

[0030] Furthermore, the specific process of drying and crushing is: drying the mulberry leaves and dandelions at 60° C. with hot air to a moisture content of ≤8%, and crushing them through a 40-mesh sieve to increase the fermentability of the fiber.

[0031] Optionally, the corn meal, soybean meal and fish meal are respectively sieved through a 2 mm sieve to remove impurities.

[0032] Optionally, in the composite microbial agent, the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Bacillus licheniformis is 2:2:1:1.

[0033] Beneficial effects: The above four microbial agents defined in the present invention have the following effects:

[0034] 1. The probiotics in the microbial agent can colonize in the intestines of broilers, compete with harmful bacteria for nutrition and ecological sites, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella); and probiotics lower the pH value of the intestine by secreting organic acids, creating an environment that is not conducive to the survival of harmful bacteria;

[0035] 2. Probiotics and their metabolites (such as polysaccharides and peptidoglycans) can stimulate the host immune system and enhance nonspecific immune function;

[0036] 3. Microbial agents can secrete a variety of enzymes (such as protease, amylase, cellulase, pectinase) to break down complex carbohydrates, proteins and fats in feed into small molecules that are easier to absorb; in addition, microbial agents can degrade anti-nutritional factors in feed (such as trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid) and improve the bioavailability of nutrients;

[0037] 4. Microbial agents can secrete antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins and other substances to directly inhibit the growth of pathogens;

[0038] 5. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the fermentation process of microbial inoculants are an important source of energy for intestinal epithelial cells and can promote intestinal health and nutrient absorption.

[0039] Furthermore, the number of viable bacteria in each bacterial solution in the composite microbial agent is ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0040] The second technical solution of the present invention:

[0041] A method for preparing a microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers comprises the following steps:

[0042] Weigh the above raw materials according to their weight.

[0043] The corn flour, soybean meal, fish meal, tea seed cake, mulberry leaf, dandelion, zinc sulfate and allicin are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture 1;

[0044] Spraying the composite microbial agent into the mixture, controlling the water content to 40-45%, to obtain mixture 2;

[0045] The mixed material 2 is fermented, low-temperature dried and crushed (crushed to pass through a 20-mesh sieve) in sequence to obtain the microbial fermented feed.

[0046] Optionally, the conditions during the fermentation process are:

[0047] Ferment at 35-38℃ for 48-72h and turn the pile every 12h to ensure even distribution of oxygen and heat dissipation to avoid local overheating.

[0048] Optionally, the low-temperature drying process is:

[0049] Dry at 35-45℃ to a moisture content of ≤12% to avoid high temperature damage to active substances.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0051] 1. The microbial fermented feed of the present invention comprehensively utilizes low-cost natural raw materials (such as tea seed cake, mulberry leaf, dandelion) and composite microbial agents. On the one hand, it reduces costs while improving feed utilization, reduces dependence on antibiotics, and reduces environmental pollution control costs; on the other hand, it optimizes intestinal microecology, enhances immune function, relieves stress response, and produces functional substances in a targeted manner, thereby comprehensively improving the disease resistance of broilers;

[0052] 2. The composite microbial agent of the present invention can be fully fermented, which increases the content of functional substances such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and antimicrobial peptides, can effectively regulate intestinal microecology and enhance immune function, and improve the survival rate and disease resistance of broilers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0055] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0056] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0057] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0058] The "parts" described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, refer to parts by mass.

[0059] The raw materials used in the present invention are all purchased from the market. The tea seed cakes used in the following examples are all detoxified in advance (the tea seed cakes are crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm, placed in a high-pressure steam sterilizer, and cooked at 120°C for 10min to degrade tannic acid (content ≤1%)); mulberry leaves and dandelions are all pre-treated (60°C hot air drying to a moisture content of ≤8%, crushed and sieved through a 40-mesh sieve); corn flour, soybean meal and fish meal are sieved through a 2mm sieve respectively; Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis are purchased from Shaanxi Baichuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Candida utilis is purchased from Wuhan Kangqiong Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.; Bacillus licheniformis is purchased from Shandong Xinxiong Biotechnology. Each bacterial agent must be prepared into a bacterial solution before use, and the number of live bacteria in the bacterial solution is 1×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0063] 60 parts of corn flour, 25 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of tea seed cake, 8 parts of mulberry leaves, 5 parts of dandelion, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1 parts of allicin and 1 part of compound microbial agent;

[0064] The composite microbial agent includes Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Bacillus licheniformis, and the mass ratio of the four microbial agents is 2:2:1:1. The number of viable bacteria in each bacterial liquid in the composite microbial agent is 1×10 9 CFU / mL;

[0065] The method for preparing the microbial fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0066] Weigh the above raw materials according to their weight.

[0067] The corn flour, soybean meal, fish meal, tea seed cake, mulberry leaf, dandelion, zinc sulfate and allicin are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture 1;

[0068] Spraying the composite microbial agent into the mixture, controlling the water content to 40-45%, to obtain mixture 2;

[0069] The mixed material 2 is sequentially fermented, low-temperature dried and crushed (crushed through a 20-mesh sieve) to obtain the microbial fermented feed;

[0070] The conditions during the fermentation process are:

[0071] Ferment at 38°C for 48 hours, and turn the pile every 12 hours to ensure even distribution of oxygen and heat dissipation to avoid local overheating;

[0072] The low temperature drying process is:

[0073] Dry at 40°C to a moisture content of ≤12% to avoid high temperature damage to active substances (such as antimicrobial peptides and vitamins).

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The difference from Example 1 is that the formula dosage of the microbial fermentation feed is:

[0076] 55 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of tea seed cake, 7 parts of mulberry leaves, 4 parts of dandelions, 0.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.07 parts of allicin and 0.7 parts of compound microbial agent.

[0077] Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] The difference from Example 1 is that the formula dosage of the microbial fermentation feed is:

[0080] 50 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of tea seed cake, 5 parts of mulberry leaves, 3 parts of dandelions, 0.1 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.05 parts of allicin and 0.5 parts of compound microbial agent.

[0081] Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] The difference from Example 1 is that the conditions during the fermentation process are:

[0084] Ferment at 37°C for 50 hours and turn the pile every 12 hours to ensure even distribution of oxygen and dissipate heat to avoid local overheating.

[0085] The amounts of other raw materials and the preparation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] The difference from Example 1 is that the conditions during the fermentation process are:

[0088] Ferment at 35°C for 72 hours and turn the pile every 12 hours to ensure even distribution of oxygen and dissipate heat to avoid local overheating.

[0089] The amounts of other raw materials and the preparation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] The difference from Example 1 is that no tea seed cake is added to the raw materials, and the amounts of other raw materials and the preparation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] The difference from Example 1 is that mulberry leaves are not added to the raw materials, and the amounts of other raw materials and the preparation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] The difference from Example 1 is that no dandelion is added to the raw materials, and the amounts of other raw materials and the preparation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 4

[0097] The difference from Example 1 is that no allicin is added to the raw materials, and the amounts of other raw materials and the preparation process are the same as in Example 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 5

[0099] A commercially available complete feed specifically for broiler chickens.

[0100] Effect verification

[0101] 1000 healthy broilers aged 2-3 months were divided into ten groups and fed with the feeds prepared in Examples 1-5 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1-5 respectively; except for the different feeds, the feeding environment, feed amount, feeding time and method were all the same, and the feeding was carried out for 5 months. The specific feeding effect is shown in Table 1.

[0102]

[0103] Table 1

[0104] Weight gain rate / % Survival rate / % Incidence / % Example 1 15.2 98 2 Example 2 14.8 97 3 Example 3 14.2 93 3 Example 4 13.7 95 4 Example 5 13.2 92 4 Comparative Example 1 6.2 80 10 Comparative Example 2 5.1 82 8 Comparative Example 3 5.7 79 11 Comparative Example 4 4.9 73 13 Comparative Example 5 - 78 14

[0105] As can be seen from Table 1, through the fermentation of the composite microbial agent, the functional raw materials tea seed cake, mulberry leaf, dandelion and allicin specified in the present invention have a synergistic effect, so that the disease resistance of broilers can be comprehensively improved on the basis of reducing costs. Among them, the effect data of Examples 1-5 of the present invention, such as the survival rate and weight gain rate, are much higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-5, and the incidence rate is much lower than that of Comparative Examples 1-5.

[0106] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broiler chickens, characterized in that: According to weight parts, it includes the following raw materials: 50-60 parts of corn flour, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of fish meal, 8-12 parts of tea seed cake, 5-8 parts of mulberry leaves, 3-5 parts of dandelions, 0.1-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.05-0.1 parts of allicin and 0.5-1 parts of compound microbial agent; Wherein, the composite microbial agent includes Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Bacillus licheniformis.

2. The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of corn flour, 25 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of tea seed cake, 8 parts of mulberry leaves, 5 parts of dandelions, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1 parts of allicin and 1 part of compound microbial agent.

3. The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of tea seed cake, 7 parts of mulberry leaves, 4 parts of dandelions, 0.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.07 parts of allicin and 0.7 parts of compound microbial agent.

4. The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of tea seed cake, 5 parts of mulberry leaves, 3 parts of dandelions, 0.1 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.05 parts of allicin and 0.5 parts of compound microbial agent.

5. The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tea seed cake needs to be detoxified: The tea seed cake is crushed, steamed in a high pressure steam sterilizer at 120° C. for 10 min, and cooled for later use.

6. The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the composite microbial agent, the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Bacillus licheniformis is 2:2:1:

1.

7. The microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of viable bacteria in each bacterial solution of the composite microbial agent is ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / mL.

8. A method for preparing microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broiler chickens, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Weigh the weight of the raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for later use; The corn flour, soybean meal, fish meal, tea seed cake, mulberry leaf, dandelion, zinc sulfate and allicin are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture 1; Spraying the composite microbial agent into the mixture, controlling the water content to 40-45%, to obtain mixture 2; The mixed material 2 is fermented, low-temperature dried and crushed in sequence to obtain the microbial fermented feed.

9. The method for preparing a microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 8, characterized in that: The conditions during the fermentation process are: Ferment at 35-38℃ for 48-72h, turning the pile every 12h.

10. The method for preparing a microbial fermented feed for improving disease resistance of broilers according to claim 8, characterized in that: The low temperature drying process is as follows: Dry at 35-45℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%.

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