Feed and method for promoting ovary maturation of scatophagus argus

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed and method for promoting ovaries of scatophagus argus to be mature, the feed comprises a feed 1, a feed 2 and a feed 3, after parent fish is temporarily bred in net cages, first-stage domestication is started in the net cages, the feed 1 is fed during the period, dysplastic individuals are removed after the period is finished, second-stage domestication is started in the net cages, the feed fed during the period is a mixture of the feed 1 and the feed 2, and the feed 3 is a mixture of the feed 1 and the feed 2. And after finishing feeding, rejecting the individuals with dysplasia, starting domestication at the third stage in the net cage, and feeding the feed 3 during the domestication. According to the method, the maturation of the ovary of the female fish can be remarkably promoted, the maturation of the ovary of the female fish is advanced by 2 months, synchronous sexual maturation with the male fish of the same age is achieved, the ovulation amount of the parent fish is excellent, the fertilization rate is high, and the development of the scatophagus argus artificial breeding technology can be effectively promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fish breeding, and more specifically, relates to a feed and a method for promoting the maturation of ovaries of golden mullet. Background Art

[0002] The Scatophagus belongs to the genus Scatophagus of the family Scatophagidae of the order Perciformes and is one of the economic fish species in my country's aquaculture. The fish has high protein content, good meat quality, and delicious taste. It is also a very popular ornamental fish in the market because of its bright color, strong adaptability, and easy indoor breeding. Therefore, the market demand for this fish is relatively large.

[0003] At present, the fry of goldfish cultured are all from wild fry caught in natural waters. With the continuous development of goldfish culture industry, the demand for fry is also increasing, and the wild goldfish fry are overfished. The development and application of artificial breeding technology for goldfish can effectively alleviate the over-reliance of the aquaculture industry on natural resources. However, in practice, it is found that the ovaries of female goldfish of the same age develop later under the same growth environment, causing female fish to mature two months later than male fish. Therefore, the fertilization rate of fish eggs is extremely low, which has become the main bottleneck of the seedling industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a feed and method that can promote the maturation of the ovaries of female goldfish and achieve synchronous sexual maturation with male fish.

[0005] The specific technical solutions for achieving the above-mentioned invention objectives include the following.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a feed for promoting the ovarian maturation of golden mullet, comprising feed 1, feed 2 and feed 3, wherein the feed 1 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 33% to 35% white fish meal, 2% to 4% diploid oyster meal, 1% to 3% whey protein powder, 2% to 4% egg powder, 24% to 26% soybean meal, 18% to 19% flour, 1% to 3% sargassum powder, 2% to 4% phospholipids, 5% to 6% fish oil, 2% to 3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% to 1.5% fish multivitamin premix, and 0.4% to 0.6% choline chloride; the feed 2 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 39% to 41% white fish meal, 5% to 7% diploid oyster meal, 3% to 5% whey protein powder, 1% to 3% liver powder, and 2% to 4% choline chloride. %~3%, soybean meal 17%~19%, flour 17%~19%, sargassum powder 2%~4%, phospholipids 2%~4%, fish oil 2%~4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%~2%, fish multivitamin and mineral premix 0.5%~1.5%, and choline chloride 0.4%~0.6%; the feed 3 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: white fish meal 35%~37%, diploid oyster powder 7%~9%, whey protein powder 5%~7%, liver powder 1%~3%, soybean meal 17%~19%, flour 17%~19%, sargassum powder 2%~4%, phospholipids 2%~4%, fish oil 2%~4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%~2%, fish multivitamin and mineral premix 0.5%~1.5%, and choline chloride 0.4%~0.6%.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker, using the above feed, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) After the broodstock are temporarily raised in the cages, they are divided into cages with a density of 1200 g / m 3 ~1500g / m 3 , start the first stage of domestication, domestication for 50 to 70 days, during which feed 1 is fed, and the daily feeding rate is gradually increased from 0.4% to 0.6% to 2.0% to 2.2%;

[0009] (2) Remove underdeveloped individuals and separate the broodstock into cages with a density of 900 g / m 3 ~1000g / m 3 , the second stage of domestication begins, which lasts for 50 to 70 days. During this period, the feed is changed from a mixture of feed 1 and feed 2 to all feed 2;

[0010] (3) Remove underdeveloped individuals and divide the broodstock into cages with a density of 600 g / m 3 ~700g / m 3 , the third stage of domestication begins, which lasts for 15 to 21 days, during which time feed 3 is given.

[0011] The inventors of the present invention have developed a group of feeds suitable for different developmental stages of the ovaries of goldfish on the basis of long-term practice. By domesticating broodstock in stages, feeding appropriate and nutritious feeds at different stages, timely eliminating underdeveloped broodstock, and coordinating key processes such as staged and cage culture to reduce density, the maturation of the ovaries of female fish can be significantly promoted, the ovaries of female fish can be matured 2 months earlier, and synchronous sexual maturity with male fish of the same age can be achieved. The broodstock have excellent ovulation volume and high fertilization rate, which can effectively promote the development of artificial breeding technology of goldfish.

[0012] The method of the present invention fills the technical gap of synchronous maturity of golden croaker through nutritional regulation, and to a certain extent solves the problems of low fertilization rate and poor reproduction effect of golden croaker under artificial breeding conditions. Its popularization and application is expected to alleviate the excessive dependence of golden croaker breeding industry on natural resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0014] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used in the present invention includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, a feed for promoting the maturation of the ovaries of golden mullet is disclosed, including feed 1, feed 2 and feed 3, wherein feed 1 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 33% to 35% white fish meal, 2% to 4% diploid oyster meal, 1% to 3% whey protein powder, 2% to 4% egg powder, 24% to 26% soybean meal, 18% to 19% flour, 1% to 3% sargassum powder, 2% to 4% phospholipids, 5% to 6% fish oil, 2% to 3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% to 1.5% fish multivitamin premix, and 0.4% to 0.6% choline chloride; feed 2 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 39% to 41% white fish meal, 5% to 7% diploid oyster meal, 3% to 5% whey protein powder, liver 1% to 3% of fish meal, 17% to 19% of soybean meal, 17% to 19% of flour, 2% to 4% of Sargassum meal, 2% to 4% of phospholipids, 2% to 4% of fish oil, 1% to 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% to 1.5% of fish multivitamin premix, and 0.4% to 0.6% of choline chloride; the feed 3 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 35% to 37% of white fish meal, 7% to 9% of diploid oyster meal, 5% to 7% of whey protein powder, 1% to 3% of liver meal, 17% to 19% of soybean meal, 17% to 19% of flour, 2% to 4% of Sargassum meal, 2% to 4% of phospholipids, 2% to 4% of fish oil, 1% to 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% to 1.5% of fish multivitamin premix, and 0.4% to 0.6% of choline chloride.

[0016] In some embodiments, the feed 1 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 33.5% to 34.5% white fish meal, 2.5% to 3.5% diploid oyster meal, 1.5% to 2.5% whey protein powder, 2.5% to 3.5% egg powder, 24.5% to 25.5% soybean meal, 18.4% to 18.6% flour, 1.5% to 2.5% sargassum powder, 2.5% to 3.5% phospholipids, and 5.4% fish oil. ~5.6%, monocalcium phosphate 2.4%~2.6%, fish multivitamin mineral premix 0.8%~1.2%, choline chloride 0.45%~0.55%; the feed 2 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: white fish meal 39.5%~40.5%, diploid oyster meal 5.5%~6.5%, whey protein powder 3.5%~4.5%, liver powder 1.5%~2.5%, soybean meal 17.5%~18.5%, flour The feed 3 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: white fish meal 35.5% to 36.5%, diploid oyster meal 7.5% to 8.5%; %, whey protein powder 5.5% ~ 6.5%, liver powder 1.5% ~ 2.5%, soybean meal 17.5% ~ 18.5%, flour 17.5% ~ 18.5%, sargassum powder 2.5% ~ 3.5%, phospholipids 2.5% ~ 3.5%, fish oil 2.5% ~ 3.5%, monocalcium phosphate 1.4% ~ 1.6%, fish multivitamin and mineral premix 0.8% ~ 1.2%, choline chloride 0.45% ~ 0.55%.

[0017] In other embodiments of the present invention, a method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker is disclosed, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) After the broodstock are temporarily raised in the cages, they are divided into cages with a density of 1200 g / m 3 ~1500g / m 3 , start the first stage of domestication, domestication for 50 to 70 days, during which feed 1 is fed, and the daily feeding rate is gradually increased from 0.4% to 0.6% to 2.0% to 2.2%;

[0019] (2) Remove underdeveloped individuals and separate the broodstock into cages with a density of 900 g / m 3 ~1000g / m 3 , the second stage of domestication begins, which lasts for 50 to 70 days. During this period, the feed is changed from a mixture of feed 1 and feed 2 to all feed 2;

[0020] (3) Remove underdeveloped individuals and divide the broodstock into cages with a density of 600 g / m 3 ~700g / m3 , the third stage of domestication begins, which lasts for 15 to 21 days, during which time feed 3 is given.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step (1), in order to ensure the digestive tract health of the golden croaker and reduce the stress response to the feed, the daily feeding rate needs to be gradually increased, and the method of feeding the feed 1 includes the following:

[0022] a. On the first and second days, the daily feeding rate is 0.4% to 0.6%, and the feeding is divided into two times a day, with an interval of 11.5 hours to 12.5 hours between feedings;

[0023] b. On the 3rd and 4th days, the daily feeding rate is 0.7% to 0.8%, and the feeding is divided into two times a day, with an interval of 11.5 hours to 12.5 hours between feedings;

[0024] c. On the 5th and 6th days, the daily feeding rate is 0.95% to 1.05%, and the feeding is divided into two times a day, with an interval of 11.5 hours to 12.5 hours between feedings;

[0025] d. On the 7th and 8th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.1% to 1.3%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0026] e. On the 8th and 9th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.4% to 1.6%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0027] f. On the 9th and 10th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.7% to 1.9%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0028] g. On and after the 11th day, the daily feeding rate is 2.0% to 2.2%, fed three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings.

[0029] In some embodiments, in step (2), the feed to be fed needs to be gradually transitioned from feed 1 to feed 2, and the amount of feed to be fed needs to be gradually increased. The method of feeding the feed includes the following:

[0030] a. On the first and second days, feed 70% to 80% of feed 1 and 20% to 30% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.0% to 2.2%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0031] b. On the 3rd and 4th days, feed 70% to 80% of feed 1 and 20% to 30% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.4% to 2.6%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0032] c. On the 5th and 6th days, feed 45% to 55% of feed 1 and 45% to 55% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.4% to 2.6%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0033] d. On the 7th and 8th days, feed 45% to 55% of feed 1 and 45% to 55% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.7% to 2.9%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0034] e. On the 9th and 10th days, feed 20% to 30% of feed 1 and 70% to 80% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.7% to 2.9%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings;

[0035] f. On the 11th day and thereafter, feed 2 as a whole, with a daily feeding rate of 2.9% to 3.1%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings.

[0036] In some embodiments, the daily feeding rate of the feed 3 in step (3) is 3.2% to 3.4%, and the feed is fed three times a day with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings.

[0037] In some embodiments, the density in step (1) is 1200 g / m 3 ~1300g / m 3 .

[0038] In some embodiments, the density in step (1) is 1260 g / m 3 ~1300g / m 3 .

[0039] In some embodiments, the density in step (2) is 900 g / m 3 ~980g / m 3 .

[0040] In some embodiments, the density in step (2) is 950 g / m 3 ~980g / m 3 .

[0041] In some embodiments, the density in step (3) is 650 g / m 3 ~700g / m 3 .

[0042] In some embodiments, the density in step (3) is 660 g / m 3 ~680g / m 3 .

[0043] In some embodiments, the first stage of acclimatization in step (1) lasts for 55 to 65 days.

[0044] In some embodiments, the second stage acclimation period in step (2) is 55 to 65 days.

[0045] In some embodiments, the broodstock in step (1) are healthy adult female fish of two years old or above and weighing between 115 g and 150 g.

[0046] In some embodiments, the temporary culture in step (1) includes the steps of: temporarily culture the goldfish for 1 to 3 days during the ovarian resting period without feeding the fish.

[0047] In some embodiments, the ovarian resting period of the golden croaker is from late October to early November every year.

[0048] In the following embodiments of the present invention, the feed raw materials used include: white fish meal: Fuzhou Mingcai Trading Co., Ltd. (origin Russia); diploid oyster powder: homemade, commercially available oysters are ground after drying at low temperature (below 40°C); whey protein powder: Guangzhou Yiyong Grain and Oil Group Co., Ltd.; egg powder: Guangdong Nutriera Group Co., Ltd.; soybean meal: Guangzhou Yiyong Grain and Oil Group Co., Ltd.; high-gluten flour: Guangdong Nutriera Group Co., Ltd.; sargassum powder: homemade, sargassum is ground after drying; lecithin: Dongguan Yihai Kerry Grain and Oil Food Co., Ltd.; imported refined fish oil: Fujian Gaolong Industrial Co., Ltd.; monocalcium phosphate: Guizhou Chuanheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; fish multivitamin premix: Guangdong Nutriera Group Co., Ltd.; liver powder: Xiangshan Chaoxing Aquatic Feed Co., Ltd.; choline chloride (50%): Shandong Jujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0049] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] There are three kinds of feeds used in this embodiment, namely feed 1, feed 2 and feed 3. The implementation location is the cage breeding area of ​​Xilian Village, Xuwen County, Zhanjiang City, where the water flow in the breeding area is smooth and the water quality is excellent.

[0052] (1) Broodstock temporary rearing: In early November 2022, 500 healthy adult female fish of two years old and weighing 130±12 g were selected and temporarily reared in net cages for 2 days without feeding during the temporary rearing period.

[0053] (2) Stage 1 broodstock training: After 2 days, the broodstock were divided into cages with a density of 1300 g / m 3 Then the first stage of broodstock domestication began for 60 days, during which time feed 1 (formula see Table 1) was fed.

[0054] Table 1 Feed 1

[0055] raw material Weight % White fish meal 34 Diploid oyster powder 3 Whey protein powder 2 Egg powder 3 Soybean meal 25 High gluten flour 18.5 Sargassum powder 2 Phospholipids 3 Imported refined fish oil 5.5 Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5 Fish Multivitamin Premix 1 Choline chloride (purity 50%) 0.5 total 100

[0056] The specific feeding method is as follows:

[0057] a. On the first and second days, the daily feeding rate is 0.5%, and the feeding is divided into two times a day, with an interval of 12 hours between feedings;

[0058] b. On the 3rd and 4th days, the daily feeding rate was 0.75%, and the feeding was divided into two times a day, with an interval of 12 hours between feedings;

[0059] c. On the 5th and 6th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.0%, and the feeding was divided into two portions per day, with an interval of 12 hours between feedings;

[0060] d. On the 7th and 8th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.2%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0061] e. On the 8th and 9th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.5%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0062] f. On the 9th and 10th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.8%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0063] g. On the 11th day and thereafter, the daily feeding rate is 2.1%, fed three times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0064] (3) Second stage of broodstock domestication: After 60 days of broodstock domestication, the weight of female fish reached 268±20 g, and most broodstock ovaries were at stage III or above. After visual inspection, 36 underdeveloped individuals were removed and the cage culture was reduced to a domestication density of 950 g / m 3 The second stage of broodstock domestication began for 60 days, during which time they were fed feed 1 and feed 2 (formula see Table 2).

[0065] Table 2 Feed 2

[0066] raw material Weight % White fish meal 40 Diploid oyster powder 6 Whey protein powder 4 Liver powder 2 Soybean meal 18 High gluten flour 18 Sargassum powder 3 Phospholipids 3 Imported refined fish oil 3 Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 Fish Multivitamin Premix 1 Choline chloride (50%) 0.5 total 100

[0067] The specific feeding method is as follows:

[0068] a. On the first and second days, the daily feeding rate is 2.1%, and the feeding is divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings. A combination of 75% feed 1 + 25% feed 2 is used for feeding;

[0069] b. On the 3rd and 4th days, the daily feeding rate is 2.5%, and the feeding is divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings. A combination of 75% feed 1 + 25% feed 2 is used for feeding;

[0070] c. On the 5th and 6th days, the daily feeding rate was 2.5%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings, and a combination of 50% feed 1 + 50% feed 2 was used for feeding;

[0071] d. On the 7th and 8th days, the daily feeding rate was 2.8%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings, and a combination of 50% feed 1 + 50% feed 2 was used for feeding;

[0072] e. On the 9th and 10th days, the daily feeding rate was 2.8%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings. A combination of 25% feed 1 + 75% feed 2 was used for feeding;

[0073] f. On the 11th day and thereafter, the daily feeding rate is 3.0%, fed three times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings, and all feed is 2.

[0074] (4) The third stage of broodstock domestication: After broodstock domestication for 60 days, sampling and observation showed that the individual weight was 430±45g, and most of the broodstock ovaries were at stage IV or above. 30 individuals with poor development were removed, and qualified individuals were divided into cages to further reduce the stocking density to 680g / m 3 , the third stage of broodstock domestication was started, during which feed 3 (formula see Table 3) was fed, the daily feeding rate was increased to 3.3%, and the feeding was divided into three times with an interval of 8 hours between feedings.

[0075] Table 3 Feed 3

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] After 15 days of feeding, the ovaries of the female fish reached stage V maturity, and they reached sexual maturity synchronously with the male fish cultured at the same time. With the help of hormone injection, the female fish ovulated and completed the fertilization of eggs. The average egg production was 8,000 eggs per fish, and each female fish was paired with 4 male fish. The final fertilization rate was 93%.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] In this embodiment, feed 1, feed 2 and feed 3 of embodiment 1 are used. The implementation location is the cage breeding area of ​​Caotan Town, Suixi County, Jiangxi City, where the water flow in the breeding area is smooth and the water quality is excellent.

[0081] (1) Broodstock temporary rearing: In early November 2022, 500 healthy adult female fish of two years old and weighing 136±13 g were selected and temporarily reared in net cages for 3 days without feeding during the temporary rearing period.

[0082] (2) Stage 1 broodstock domestication: After 3 days, the broodstock were divided into cages with a density of 1260 g / m 3Then, the first stage of parent fish domestication for 60 days was started, during which feed 1 was fed. The specific feeding method was the same as in Example 1.

[0083] (3) Second stage of broodstock domestication: After 60 days of broodstock domestication, the weight of female fish reached 262±23 g, and most broodstock ovaries were at stage III or above. After visual inspection, 41 underdeveloped individuals were removed and the cage culture was reduced to a domestication density of 980 g / m 3 , and the second stage of parent fish domestication began for 60 days, during which feed 1 and feed 2 were fed. The specific feeding method was the same as in Example 1.

[0084] (4) The third stage of broodstock domestication: After broodstock domestication for 60 days, sampling and observation showed that the individual weight was 410±35g, and most of the broodstock ovaries were at stage IV or above. 32 individuals with poor development were removed, and qualified individuals were divided into cages to further reduce the stocking density to 660g / m 3 , start the third stage of broodstock domestication, during which feed 3 is fed, the daily feeding rate is increased to 3.3%, and the feeding is divided into three times, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings.

[0085] After 21 days of feeding, the ovaries of the female fish reached stage V, and they reached sexual maturity synchronously with the male fish cultured at the same time. Hormone injection was used to achieve ovulation of the female fish, and fertilization was completed. The average egg production was 8,000 per fish, and each female fish was paired with 4 male fish. The final fertilization rate was 91%.

[0086] In this embodiment, the water temperature in Caotan Town is slightly lower than that in the sea area of ​​Xilian Village, Xuwen County in Example 1, so the ovaries of female fish mature about one week later than in Example 1, but can still achieve synchronous sexual maturity with male fish cultured in the area.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] The feed used in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1. The implementation location and implementation time are the same as those in Example 1.

[0089] (1) Broodstock temporary rearing: 500 healthy adult female fish of the second age with a body weight of 132±13 g were selected and temporarily reared in a net cage for 3 days. No feed was given during the temporary rearing period.

[0090] (2) Stage 1 broodstock training: After 3 days, the broodstock were divided into cages with a density of 1200 g / m 3 The first stage of domestication is the same as in Example 1.

[0091] (3) Second stage of broodstock domestication: After 60 days of broodstock domestication, the weight of female fish reached 262±23 g, and most of the broodstock ovaries were at stage III or above. After visual inspection, 45 underdeveloped individuals were removed and the cage culture was reduced to a domestication density of 980 g / m 3, start the second stage of parent fish domestication. The difference from Example 1 is that: in the first 30 days of the second stage, feed 1 is still fed, and feed 2 is fed in the last 30 days.

[0092] The specific feeding method for the first 30 days is as follows:

[0093] a. On the first and second days, the daily feeding rate was 2.1%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0094] b. On the 3rd and 4th days, the daily feeding rate is 2.5%, fed 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0095] c. On the 5th and 6th days, the daily feeding rate was 2.8%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0096] d. On the 7th day and thereafter, the daily feeding rate is 3.0%, and the feeding is divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings;

[0097] After 30 days of breeding, feed 2 was started, with a daily feeding rate of 3.2%, fed 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings.

[0098] (3) Stage 3 broodstock domestication: After 30 days of continuous culture, the fish were sampled and observed. The individual weight was 360±36 g. Most of the broodstock were in the early stage of IV ovarian development. 30 underdeveloped individuals were removed and qualified individuals were divided into cages to further reduce the culture density to 630 g / m 3 , start the third stage of domestication, feed 3, the daily feeding rate increased to 3.3%, continue to cultivate for 30 days, the female fish ovaries mature.

[0099] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example fed feed 1 in the first 30 days of parent fish domestication in the second stage, and the parent fish showed certain nutritional deficiencies, resulting in an average individual smaller than Example 1. The final sexual maturity of the female fish was about two weeks later than that of Example 1. In the case of hormone injection, the female fish also completed spawning and fertilization. The egg laying amount was 7,000 eggs / fish, and each female fish was assigned 4 male fish. The final fertilization rate was 56%, which was significantly lower than Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] In this comparative example, only feed 1 was used. The implementation location and implementation time were the same as those in Example 1.

[0102] (1) Broodstock temporary rearing: same as in Example 1.

[0103] (2) Stage 1 broodstock training: Same as in Example 1.

[0104] (3) Second stage broodstock domestication: for a total of 60 days, feed 1 was still fed, and the daily feeding rate and feeding method were the same as those of the second stage broodstock domestication in Example 1.

[0105] (4) The third stage of broodstock domestication: for a total of 15 days, feed 1 was still fed, and the daily feeding rate and feeding method were the same as those of the third stage of broodstock domestication in Example 1.

[0106] After the culture is completed, the female ovary matures to stage III-IV, and the male fish is sexually mature at this time. Some larger and more mature female fish are selected to cooperate with hormone injection to achieve ovulation and complete egg laying and fertilization. The average egg laying amount is 3,000 eggs / fish, and each female fish is paired with 4 male fish. The final fertilization rate is less than 10%, which does not meet the production standards.

[0107] Comparative Example 3

[0108] The conventional commercial feed (Dehai marine fish feed) was used in this comparative example. The implementation location and implementation time were the same as those in Example 1. The culture time was 135 days in total (the same as the total time of parent fish domestication in stage 1 + stage 2 + stage 3 in Example 1), during which all commercial feed was fed, and the specific feeding method corresponded to the feeding method of each stage in Example 1, and all other operations were the same as in Example 1.

[0109] After the culture, the female fish's ovaries were less than stage III mature, while the male fish were already sexually mature. Even with hormone injections, the female fish still could not ovulate, which did not meet production standards.

[0110] Comparative Example 4

[0111] The feed used in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1. The implementation location and implementation time are the same as those in Example 1. However, during the first stage of parent fish domestication, there is no transition feeding, and the amount of feed 1 is directly fed to 2.1%, and all other operations are the same as those in Example 1.

[0112] After the cultivation, the ovarian maturity of the female fish was not significantly different from that in Example 1, but some fish had indigestion due to feed stress reaction at the beginning of the first stage of broodstock domestication, and the elimination rate was 52% higher than that in Example 1 when entering the second stage of broodstock domestication. The average egg production was 6,000 eggs / fish, and each female fish was mated with 4 male fish, and the final fertilization rate was 92%.

[0113] Comparative Example 5

[0114] The feed used in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1. The implementation location and implementation time are the same as those in Example 1. However, during the second stage of parent fish domestication, there is no transition feeding, and the amount of feed 2 is directly fed to 3.0%, and all other operations are the same as those in Example 1.

[0115] After the culture, the maturity of the female ovaries was not significantly different from that in Example 1, but some fish had indigestion due to feed stress reaction at the beginning of the second stage of broodstock domestication, and the elimination rate was 24% higher than that in Example 1 when entering the third stage of broodstock domestication. The average egg production was 7700 eggs / fish, and each female fish was mated with 4 male fish, and the final fertilization rate was 92%.

[0116] Comparative Example 6

[0117] The feed used in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1. The implementation location and implementation time are the same as those in Example 1. However, during the third stage of parent fish domestication, transition feeding is performed, and all other operations are the same as those in Example 1. The specific method of transition feeding is as follows:

[0118] a. On the first and second days, the daily feeding rate is 3.0%, and the feeding is divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings. A combination of 75% feed 2 + 25% feed 3 is used for feeding;

[0119] b. On the 3rd and 4th days, the daily feeding rate was 3.0%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings, and a combination of 50% feed 2 + 50% feed 3 was used for feeding;

[0120] c. On the 5th and 6th days, the daily feeding rate was 3.0%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings. A combination of 25% feed 2 + 75% feed 3 was used for feeding;

[0121] d. The feeding rate from the 7th to the 15th day was 3.0%, with a total feed rate of 3, divided into 3 feedings per day, with an interval of 8 hours between feedings.

[0122] After the cultivation, sampling revealed that the ovarian maturity of the female fish was due to malnutrition in the third stage of parent fish domestication. Compared with Example 1, the female fish was smaller, but the sexual maturity time was not significantly different from that of Example 1. Hormone injection was used to achieve ovulation of the female fish and complete spawning and fertilization. The average egg production was 6,800 per fish, which was lower than that of Example 1. Each female fish was paired with 4 male fish, and the final fertilization rate was 93%. In comparison, Example 1 did not experience feed stress response during the third stage of parent fish domestication, which indicates that feed 3 can be directly fed in the third stage to enhance nutrition.

[0123] The performances of the female fish raised by the feeding methods of Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are summarized in Table 4.

[0124] Table 4

[0125]

[0126] As can be seen from Table 4, the present invention significantly promotes the maturation of the ovaries of female fish by domesticating broodstock in stages, providing different feed nutrients in stages, and reducing the density of cage culture in stages. The synchronous maturation of female and male fish is achieved in combination with hormone injection. The broodstock has an excellent ovulation amount and a high fertilization rate, which can effectively promote the development of artificial breeding technology of goldfish.

[0127] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0128] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A feed for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker, characterized in that: Including feed 1, feed 2 and feed 3, The feed 1 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 33% to 35% white fish meal, 2% to 4% diploid oyster meal, 1% to 3% whey protein powder, 2% to 4% egg powder, 24% to 26% soybean meal, 18% to 19% flour, 1% to 3% sargassum powder, 2% to 4% phospholipids, 5% to 6% fish oil, 2% to 3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% to 1.5% fish multivitamin premix, and 0.4% to 0.6% choline chloride; The feed 2 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 39% to 41% white fish meal, 5% to 7% diploid oyster meal, 3% to 5% whey protein powder, 1% to 3% liver powder, 17% to 19% soybean meal, 17% to 19% flour, 2% to 4% sargassum powder, 2% to 4% phospholipids, 2% to 4% fish oil, 1% to 2% monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% to 1.5% fish multivitamin premix, and 0.4% to 0.6% choline chloride; The feed 3 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 35% to 37% white fish meal, 7% to 9% diploid oyster meal, 5% to 7% whey protein powder, 1% to 3% liver powder, 17% to 19% soybean meal, 17% to 19% flour, 2% to 4% sargassum powder, 2% to 4% phospholipids, 2% to 4% fish oil, 1% to 2% monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% to 1.5% fish multivitamin mineral premix, and 0.4% to 0.6% choline chloride.

2. The feed for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed 1 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: 33.5% to 34.5% white fish meal, 2.5% to 3.5% diploid oyster meal, 1.5% to 2.5% whey protein powder, 2.5% to 3.5% egg powder, 24.5% to 25.5% soybean meal, 18.4% to 18.6% flour, 1.5% to 2.5% sargassum powder, 2.5% to 3.5% phospholipids, 5.4% to 5.6% fish oil, and 1.5% to 2.5% phosphorus. The feed 2 is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 39.5% to 40.5% white fish meal, 5.5% to 6.5% diploid oyster meal, 3.5% to 4.5% whey protein powder, 1.5% to 2.5% liver powder, 17.5% to 18.5% soybean meal, and 17.5% to 18.5% flour. %~18.5%, Sargassum powder 2.5%~3.5%, phospholipids 2.5%~3.5%, fish oil 2.5%~3.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.4%~1.6%, fish multivitamin mineral premix 0.8%~1.2%, choline chloride 0.45%~0.55%; the feed 3 is obtained by mixing the following raw materials: white fish meal 35.5%~36.5%, diploid oyster meal 7.5%~8.5%, milk Albumin powder 5.5%-6.5%, liver powder 1.5%-2.5%, soybean meal 17.5%-18.5%, flour 17.5%-18.5%, sargassum powder 2.5%-3.5%, phospholipids 2.5%-3.5%, fish oil 2.5%-3.5%, monocalcium phosphate 1.4%-1.6%, fish multivitamin and mineral premix 0.8%-1.2%, choline chloride 0.45%-0.55%.

3. A method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker, characterized in that: Using the feed according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps: (1) After the broodstock are temporarily raised in the cages, they are divided into cages with a density of 1200 g / m 3 ~1500g / m 3 , start the first stage of domestication, domestication for 50 to 70 days, during which feed 1 is fed, and the daily feeding rate is gradually increased from 0.4% to 0.6% to 2.0% to 2.2%; (2) Remove underdeveloped individuals and separate the broodstock into cages with a density of 900 g / m 3 ~1000g / m 3 , the second stage of domestication begins, which lasts for 50 to 70 days. During this period, the feed is changed from a mixture of feed 1 and feed 2 to all feed 2; (3) Remove underdeveloped individuals and divide the broodstock into cages with a density of 600 g / m 3 ~700g / m 3 , the third stage of domestication begins, which lasts for 15 to 21 days, during which time feed 3 is given.

4. The method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the method of feeding feed 1 comprises the following steps: a. On the first and second days, the daily feeding rate is 0.4% to 0.6%, and the feeding is divided into two times a day, with an interval of 11.5 hours to 12.5 hours between feedings; b. On the 3rd and 4th days, the daily feeding rate is 0.7% to 0.8%, and the feeding is divided into two times a day, with an interval of 11.5 hours to 12.5 hours between feedings; c. On the 5th and 6th days, the daily feeding rate is 0.95% to 1.05%, and the feeding is divided into two times a day, with an interval of 11.5 hours to 12.5 hours between feedings; d. On the 7th and 8th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.1% to 1.3%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; e. On the 8th and 9th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.4% to 1.6%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; f. On the 9th and 10th days, the daily feeding rate was 1.7% to 1.9%, and the feeding was divided into 3 times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; g. On and after the 11th day, the daily feeding rate is 2.0% to 2.2%, fed three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings.

5. The method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (2), the method of feeding the feed comprises the following: a. On the first and second days, feed 70% to 80% of feed 1 and 20% to 30% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.0% to 2.2%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; b. On the 3rd and 4th days, feed 70% to 80% of feed 1 and 20% to 30% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.4% to 2.6%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; c. On the 5th and 6th days, feed 45% to 55% of feed 1 and 45% to 55% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.4% to 2.6%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; d. On the 7th and 8th days, feed 45% to 55% of feed 1 and 45% to 55% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.7% to 2.9%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; e. On the 9th and 10th days, feed 20% to 30% of feed 1 and 70% to 80% of feed 2, with a daily feeding rate of 2.7% to 2.9%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings; f. On the 11th day and thereafter, feed 2 as a whole, with a daily feeding rate of 2.9% to 3.1%, three times a day, with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings.

6. The method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: The daily feeding rate of the feed 3 in step (3) is 3.2% to 3.4%, and the feed is fed three times a day with an interval of 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours between feedings.

7. The method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The density in step (1) is 1200 g / m 3 ~1300g / m 3 , preferably 1260g / m 3 ~1300g / m 3 ; And / or, the density in step (2) is 900g / m 3 ~980g / m 3 , preferably 950g / m 3 ~980g / m 3 ; And / or, the density in step (3) is 650g / m 3 ~700g / m 3 , preferably 660g / m 3 ~680g / m 3 .

8. The method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The first stage of domestication in step (1) lasts for 55 to 65 days; And / or, the duration of the second stage domestication in step (2) is 55 to 65 days.

9. The method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The broodstock in step (1) is a healthy adult female fish of two years old or above and weighing 115 g to 150 g; And / or, the temporary rearing in step (1) comprises the steps of: temporarily rearing the goldfish for 1 to 3 days during the ovarian resting period without feeding the fish.

10. The method for promoting ovarian maturation of golden croaker according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ovarian resting period of the goldfish is from late October to early November every year.

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