Volume-variable multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor

Abstract

The invention provides a volume-variable multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor, and belongs to the field of chemical reactors, the volume-variable multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor comprises a shell, a gas distribution assembly and a driving assembly, the top of the shell is provided with a gas phase outlet, the side wall of the shell is provided with a solid phase inlet and a solid phase outlet, and the bottom of the shell is provided with an opening; at least part of the gas distribution assembly movably extends into the shell along the longitudinal direction through the opening; the driving assembly is suitable for driving the gas distribution assembly to move relative to the shell in the longitudinal direction so as to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reactors, and in particular to a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume. Background Art

[0002] As a highly efficient multiphase reaction equipment, fluidized bed reactors are widely used in many industrial fields such as chemical industry, petroleum, energy and environmental protection. Its core principle is to use fluid to suspend solid particles to form a fluid-like state, thereby achieving full contact and efficient mass and heat transfer between gas-solid or liquid-solid phases. Traditional fluidized bed reactors have two main technical limitations: first, its fixed volume design limits the adjustment range of operating parameters, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the gas-solid ratio and solid residence time according to reaction requirements; second, the full mixed flow characteristics lead to serious material backmixing, affecting product purity and reaction selectivity. These limitations make a single reactor often only adaptable to specific reaction conditions and lack versatility.

[0003] In the prior art, although the multi-chamber fluidized bed structure has improved the material backmixing problem to a certain extent, the reactor volume is fixed and it is impossible to adjust the solid phase residence time and the gas-solid ratio over a large range. Therefore, once the reactor volume is determined, only a specific reaction can be carried out, and it is difficult to achieve multifunctional application. If small batches of fine chemicals are produced, it may be necessary to design multiple reactors of different specifications according to the products, resulting in high equipment investment costs and low equipment utilization.

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume to solve the above problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, which can achieve a wide range of adjustment of the solid phase residence time and the gas-solid ratio, so that one reactor can be used for a variety of reactions, and can suppress back mixing through the multi-chamber structure to achieve a narrow distribution of product composition and improve product purity. By precisely controlling the solid phase residence time and the gas-solid ratio, the reaction selectivity and product yield can be improved.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume is provided, comprising a shell, a gas distribution assembly and a drive assembly. The shell is provided with a gas phase outlet at the top, a solid phase inlet and a solid phase outlet at the side wall, and an opening at the bottom; the gas distribution assembly at least partially extends into the shell in a longitudinally movable manner through the opening; the drive assembly is adapted to drive the gas distribution assembly to move longitudinally relative to the shell to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the shell.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a porous plate and at least one spacing unit; the porous plate is horizontally arranged in the above-mentioned shell, and forms a reaction chamber together with the side wall of the shell and the above-mentioned gas distribution component; at least one spacing unit is arranged between the above-mentioned porous plate and the above-mentioned gas distribution component to separate the above-mentioned reaction chamber into at least two reaction chambers interconnected in the width direction of the shell, and is configured to change height as the above-mentioned gas distribution component moves; wherein the above-mentioned gas phase outlet is located above the above-mentioned porous plate, and the above-mentioned solid phase inlet and solid phase outlet are arranged on both sides of the shell in the width direction and are respectively connected to the above-mentioned reaction chambers.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned spacing unit includes at least two levels of mutually nested partition plates and at least one support column; the above-mentioned mutually nested partition plates are connected by a guide mechanism; at least one support column is connected between the above-mentioned partition plate on the outside and the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly or the above-mentioned porous plate to form a material passage connecting the above-mentioned reaction chambers on both sides.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material openings of the plurality of spacing units are alternately arranged on the gas distribution assembly and the porous plate side in the width direction of the shell to form a continuous reciprocating material flow path.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gas distribution assembly includes a distribution plate and a plurality of distribution units; the distribution plate is movably arranged in the shell in the longitudinal direction; the plurality of distribution units are arranged along the width direction of the shell, with the lower part being located below the distribution plate, and the upper part passing through the distribution plate and respectively connected with the plurality of reaction chambers, and suitable for conveying reaction gas to the reaction chambers.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned distribution unit includes a gas distribution element and multiple gas distribution elements; the gas distribution element is arranged below the above-mentioned distribution plate, the side wall is provided with an air inlet, and the bottom is provided with a valve; multiple gas distribution elements are evenly arranged above the above-mentioned distribution plate and connected to the above-mentioned gas distribution element, and multiple of the above-mentioned gas distribution elements are provided with multiple air outlets.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly also includes a sealing ring seat and a sealing ring; the sealing ring seat is arranged on the lower side of the above-mentioned distribution plate, and forms an annular sealing space with the side wall of the shell; the sealing ring is arranged in the above-mentioned sealing space, and the cross-sectional diameter of the sealing ring is larger than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing space, so as to seal the above-mentioned inner cavity.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned driving assembly includes a base, a plurality of lifting execution units, a driving unit and a synchronous transmission mechanism; the base is arranged below the above-mentioned shell; the plurality of lifting execution units are vertically installed on the above-mentioned base, and the upper ends are connected to the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly; the driving unit is arranged on the above-mentioned base; and the synchronous transmission mechanism is connected between the output end of the above-mentioned driving unit and the plurality of lifting execution units, and is suitable for evenly distributing the torque output by the above-mentioned driving unit to the plurality of lifting execution units, so that the plurality of the above-mentioned lifting execution units can be lifted and lowered synchronously.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further comprises a plurality of heat exchange tubes respectively disposed in the plurality of reaction chambers, and the plurality of heat exchange tubes are configured to extend in the longitudinal direction.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a pressure monitoring component, including a first differential pressure transmitter and a second differential pressure transmitter; the side walls of the above-mentioned shell located on one side of each of the above-mentioned reaction chambers are respectively provided with at least three pressure measuring ports distributed at longitudinal intervals; the positive pressure side of the above-mentioned first differential pressure transmitter is connected to the uppermost pressure measuring port through a pressure lead pipe, and the negative pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter is connected to the lowermost pressure measuring port through a pressure lead pipe, and each of the middle pressure measuring ports is divided into three routes, which are respectively connected to the negative pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter, the negative pressure side and the positive pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter, and a valve is provided on each pressure lead pipe.

[0016] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the continuous adjustment of the reactor volume is achieved through the coordinated cooperation of the liftable gas distribution component and the drive component, and the solid phase residence time and gas-solid ratio can be flexibly adjusted according to different reaction process requirements, which significantly improves the process adaptability and operational flexibility of a single device. The technical problems of the limited parameter adjustment range and single function of the traditional fixed volume fluidized bed reactor are solved, and an efficient and flexible reaction equipment solution is provided for chemical production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 Schematically shows a side view of a spacing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view schematically shows the connection of mutually nested partition plates according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure inside the housing of an embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view schematically showing the edge of a gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram schematically shows the structure of a sealing groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 A top view of a drive assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown;

[0025] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a pipeline diagram of a pressure monitoring assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Fig.10 The connection diagram of the variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0027] In the drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0028] 1. Shell;

[0029] 11. Gas phase outlet;

[0030] 12. Solid phase import;

[0031] 13. Solid phase outlet;

[0032] 14. Reaction chamber;

[0033] 15. Pressure measuring port;

[0034] 16. Upper limit ring;

[0035] 17. Lower limit ring;

[0036] 18. Sealing groove;

[0037] 2. Gas distribution components;

[0038] 21. Distribution plate;

[0039] 211. Sealing strip;

[0040] 22. Distribution unit;

[0041] 221. Gas distribution element;

[0042] 2211, air inlet;

[0043] 2212, valve;

[0044] 222. Gas distribution element;

[0045] 2221, air outlet;

[0046] 223. Tubular distribution element;

[0047] 2231, tubular air outlet;

[0048] 23. Sealing ring seat;

[0049] 231, first sealing ring;

[0050] 232, second sealing ring;

[0051] 24. Sealing ring;

[0052] 3. Drive components;

[0053] 31. Base;

[0054] 32. Lifting execution unit;

[0055] 33. Drive unit;

[0056] 34. Synchronous transmission mechanism;

[0057] 341. Reducer;

[0058] 342, first commutator;

[0059] 343, second commutator;

[0060] 4. Perforated plate;

[0061] 5. Spacer unit;

[0062] 51. Divider plate;

[0063] 511, first partition plate;

[0064] 512, second partition plate;

[0065] 513, third partition plate;

[0066] 514, slider;

[0067] 515, guide groove;

[0068] 52. Support column;

[0069] 53. Material port;

[0070] 6. Heat exchange tube;

[0071] 7. Pressure monitoring components;

[0072] 71. The first differential pressure transmitter;

[0073] 72. A second differential pressure transmitter;

[0074] 8. Partition board;

[0075] 9. Insulation unit;

[0076] 200. Solid phase preheater;

[0077] 300. Gas-solid separator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] Below, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of concepts of the present invention.

[0079] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0080] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0081] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", they should generally be interpreted according to the meaning of the expression commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0082] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined and / or combined in various ways. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 1 The structural diagram of a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0084] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, comprising a shell 1, a gas distribution component 2 and a drive component 3; the shell 1 is provided with a gas phase outlet 11 at the top, a solid phase inlet 12 and a solid phase outlet 13 at the side wall, and an opening at the bottom; the gas distribution component 2 is at least partially movably extended into the shell 1 along the longitudinal direction through the opening; and the output end of the drive component 3 is transmission-connected with the gas distribution component 2, and is suitable for driving the gas distribution component 2 to move longitudinally relative to the shell 1 to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the shell 1.

[0085] According to the above-mentioned setting method, through the coordinated cooperation of the longitudinally movable gas distribution component 2 and the driving component 3, the inner cavity of the shell 1 (i.e., the reactor volume) is continuously adjustable, and the reaction space and operating parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to different reaction process requirements; this design breaks through the limitations of traditional fixed-volume fluidized beds, significantly improves the process adaptability and operational flexibility of the equipment, and provides a more flexible and efficient reaction equipment solution for chemical production.

[0086] The gas phase outlet 11 disposed on the top of the shell 1, the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 disposed on the side wall, and the gas distribution assembly 2 located at the bottom together constitute a complete material inlet and outlet channel. Specifically, the gas phase outlet 11 on the top of the shell 1 is used for efficient collection and discharge of reaction products, and the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 disposed on the side wall are used for continuous feeding and discharging of solid materials, respectively.

[0087] In an illustrative embodiment, the shell 1 is configured as a hollow double-layer structure to play a role in heat preservation. At the same time, the shell 1 is also provided with a pressure balance hole to prevent the shell 1 from deforming due to the pressure buildup of gas in the interlayer of the double-layer shell 1 during heating and cooling.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, a heat preservation unit 9 is also included, which is wrapped around the outside of the shell 1 to reduce the heat loss of the reactor and maintain the stability of the reaction temperature.

[0089] In an illustrative embodiment, the cross-section of the shell 1 is configured as a rectangular structure with a rounded transition. In detail, two adjacent side panels of the shell 1 are connected by a smooth arc transition to form a cross-sectional shape of a rounded rectangle, which not only retains the advantage of the rectangular cross-section for facilitating the arrangement and installation of internal components, but also effectively improves the airflow distribution characteristics through the rounded transition, thereby avoiding the dead corner problem common in traditional rectangular shells.

[0090] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 1As shown, the reactor also includes a porous plate 4 and at least one spacer unit 5; the porous plate 4 is horizontally arranged in the shell 1, and forms a reaction chamber together with the side wall of the shell 1 and the gas distribution component 2; at least one spacer unit 5 is arranged between the porous plate 4 and the gas distribution component 2 to separate the reaction chamber into at least two reaction chambers 14 interconnected in the width direction of the shell 1, and is configured to change height as the gas distribution component 2 moves.

[0091] In detail, the gas phase outlet 11 is located above the porous plate 4 , and the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 are arranged on both sides of the shell 1 in the width direction and are communicated with the reaction chamber 14 respectively.

[0092] According to the above-mentioned setting method, a reaction chamber is formed by the porous plate 4 and the adjustable spacer unit 5, and the spacer unit 5 automatically adjusts its height according to the movement of the gas distribution component 2, thereby dividing the reaction chamber into a plurality of reaction chambers 14 interconnected in the width direction of the shell 1, thereby realizing precise control of the reactor volume and optimization of material flow characteristics.

[0093] Furthermore, the gas phase outlet 11 is arranged above the porous plate 4, and the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 are respectively located on both sides of the width direction of the shell 1 and are connected to the corresponding reaction chamber 14. This layout not only ensures the gas connectivity between the reaction chambers 14, but also ensures the directional flow of the solid phase material. Through this structural innovation, not only the advantages of efficient mass transfer and heat transfer of the traditional fluidized bed are maintained, but also the technical problems of limited parameter adjustment of the fixed volume reactor and serious material backmixing in the single chamber structure are successfully solved.

[0094] In an illustrative embodiment, the porous plate 4 is evenly perforated with a total porosity of 50% to 80%. The porous plate 4 can not only fix the spacing unit 5, but also has an efficient gas-solid separation function. Its optimized porosity design effectively reduces the gas entrainment phenomenon of solid particles while ensuring uniform distribution of airflow, thereby significantly improving the gas-solid separation efficiency.

[0095] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the total open porosity of the porous plate 4 is 70%.

[0096] In an illustrative embodiment, the porous plate 4 is made of a rigid material.

[0097] Figure 2 A side view of a spacing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0098] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the spacing unit 5 includes at least two levels of mutually nested partition plates 51 and at least one support column 52; wherein the mutually nested partition plates 51 are connected by a guide mechanism; the support column 52 is connected between the outer partition plate 51 and the gas distribution component 2 or the porous plate 4 to form a material port 53 connecting the reaction chambers 14 on both sides.

[0099] According to the above-mentioned setting method, by adopting a combination of multi-level nested partition plates 51 and support columns 52, efficient separation and connection of the internal space of the reactor is achieved, wherein the partition plates 51 are smoothly extended and retracted through a guiding mechanism, and the support columns 52 cleverly form material ports 53 while connecting the outer partition plates 51 with the gas distribution assembly 2 or the porous plate 4. This structure ensures the relative independence of each reaction chamber 14 and maintains the controllable flow of materials between chambers.

[0100] In detail, through the design of the retractable spacing unit 5, the reactor can flexibly adjust the volume ratio and material flow path of each reaction chamber 14 according to the process requirements, which not only effectively suppresses the material backmixing phenomenon of the traditional fluidized bed, but also ensures the uniform distribution and sufficient contact of the reaction materials, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the equipment to different reaction requirements.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, a three-level partition plate 51 is provided, which is configured to extend in the longitudinal direction, the second partition plate 512 is movably mounted on the outer side of the first partition plate 511 by the bottom of the first partition plate 511, and the third partition plate 513 is movably mounted on the outer side of the second partition plate 512 by the bottom of the second partition plate 512; the support column 52 is also configured to extend in the longitudinal direction and is provided at the bottom of the third partition plate 513.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, two support columns 52 are provided, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the third partition plate 513, and a material passage 53 is formed between the two support columns 52 and the connected porous plate 4 or gas distribution component 2.

[0103] In an illustrative embodiment, the height of the partition plate 51 is 500 mm, and the opening area of ​​the material passage 53 is 20% of the area of ​​the partition plate 51 .

[0104] Figure 3 The cross-sectional view schematically shows the connection between mutually nested partition plates according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0105] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 3As shown, the guiding mechanism between the mutually nested partition plates 51 includes: a protruding slider 514 arranged at the bottom of the inner partition plate 51, and a guide groove 515 arranged at the top of the outer partition plate 51 and extending in the longitudinal direction. The change of the longitudinal relative position of the multi-level partition plates 51 is achieved through the sliding cooperation between the slider 514 and the guide groove 515.

[0106] Detailed, such as Figure 3 As shown, the two sides of the slider 514 protrude from the two sides of the inner partition plate 51, and the opening spacing at the top of the outer partition plate 51 is smaller than the width inside the guide groove 515, forming a limiting structure of the T-shaped slider and the T-shaped guide groove to prevent the two-level partition plates 51 from detaching.

[0107] In an illustrative embodiment, a sealing strip is further provided between the spacing unit 5 and the inner wall of the housing 1 to seal the reaction chambers 14 on both sides.

[0108] In detail, the sealing belt comprises an elastic heat-resistant metal C-shaped sealing belt.

[0109] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure inside the shell of the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0110] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the material openings 53 of the plurality of spacing units 5 are alternately formed on the gas distribution assembly 2 and the porous plate 4 side in the width direction of the shell 1 to form a continuous reciprocating material flow path.

[0111] In detail, two adjacent spacing units 5 are arranged in opposite directions in the longitudinal direction, such as the material opening 53 of the first spacing unit 5 is at the top, and the material openings 53 of the adjacent spacing units 5 on both sides are at the bottom.

[0112] According to the above-mentioned setting method, materials (such as gas or fluid and solid materials) form an "S-shaped" flow trajectory in the alternately distributed channels, which prolongs the contact time and improves the reaction or mixing efficiency; by forcibly changing the material flow direction, the reverse flow (such as gas or particle backflow) can be effectively suppressed, ensuring unidirectional stable transportation and improving the reliability and safety of system operation.

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, the number of the spacing units 5 is an odd number, such as Figure 4 As shown, three spacing units 5 are provided, and the material openings 53 of the spacing units 5 on both sides (outermost sides) of the width direction of the shell 1 are provided on the side of the gas distribution component 2, so that the head end and the end end of the formed reciprocating material flow path are formed on the upper porous plate 4 side.

[0114] Further, such as Figure 4As shown, the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the shell 1 in the width direction near the porous plate 4 to connect to the head end and the end of the compound material flow channel.

[0115] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 are arranged at the upper part of the reaction chamber close to the porous plate 4, and the upper edge of the connection between the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 and the shell 1 is less than 200 mm from the lower surface of the porous plate 4.

[0116] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the solid phase inlet 12 extends outwardly and upwardly from the inner side of the shell 1, and the solid phase outlet 13 extends outwardly and downwardly from the inner side of the shell 1.

[0117] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a plurality of spacer plates 8, which are spaced apart in the width direction of the shell 1 above the porous plate 4 and are coplanar with the plurality of spacer units 5 below the porous plate 4 to separate the space above two adjacent reaction chambers 14 to prevent the material from reversing during the flow.

[0118] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a plurality of spacer plates 8, which are spaced apart above the porous plate 4 along the width direction of the shell 1, and are coplanarly aligned with a plurality of spacer units 5 (odd-numbered spacer units, in this embodiment, the first spacer unit and the third spacer unit) below the porous plate 4, separating the upper spaces of two adjacent reaction chambers 14, thereby effectively preventing reverse mixing (reversal) of materials during the flow process, ensuring that the materials flow in a unidirectional and orderly manner along a predetermined path, improving the reaction efficiency and maintaining the process stability.

[0119] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the partition plate 8 is 100 mm to 1000 mm, preferably 500 mm.

[0120] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the gas distribution assembly 2 includes: a distribution plate 21 and a plurality of distribution units 22. The distribution plate 21 is movably disposed in the housing 1 in the longitudinal direction; the plurality of distribution units 22 are arranged along the width direction of the housing 1, with the lower portion being located below the distribution plate 21, and the upper portion passing through the distribution plate 21 and respectively communicating with the plurality of reaction chambers 14, and being suitable for conveying reaction gas to the reaction chambers 14.

[0121] According to the above configuration, by independently controlling the gas delivery amount of each distribution unit 22, the gas-solid ratio in each reaction chamber 14 can be accurately adjusted to optimize the reaction conditions.

[0122] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4As shown, an upper limit ring 16 and a lower limit ring 17 are also provided in the housing 1. The upper limit ring 16 is located below the porous plate 4, and the distance between the upper limit ring 16 and the porous plate 4 is greater than the height of the partition plate 51. The lower limit ring 17 is provided in the opening at the bottom of the housing 1, and the upper limit ring 16 and the lower limit ring 17 are used to limit the movement of the gas distribution assembly 2 in the longitudinal direction.

[0123] In detail, the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 are arranged above the upper limit ring 16 .

[0124] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view schematically shows an edge of a gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0125] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the distribution unit 22 includes a gas distribution element 221 and a plurality of gas distribution elements 222. The gas distribution element 221 is arranged below the distribution plate 21, and has a gas inlet 2211 on the side wall and a valve 2212 at the bottom; the plurality of gas distribution elements 222 are evenly arranged above the distribution plate 21 and communicate with the gas distribution element 221, and the plurality of gas distribution elements 222 are provided with a plurality of air outlets 2221.

[0126] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gas distribution element 221 is connected to an external gas source via the gas inlet 2211 , distributes the gaseous material to a plurality of gas distribution elements 222 , and evenly outputs the gaseous material to the reaction chamber 14 via the gas outlet 2221 disposed on the side wall of the gas distribution element 222 .

[0127] Detailed, such as Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the gas distribution element 221 is conical, and the valve 2212 is arranged at the end of the cone, which is suitable for discharging part of the solid phase material falling into the reaction chamber 14 through the air outlet 2221.

[0128] Further, such as Figure 6 As shown, the gas distribution element 222 is configured as a cylinder, and the bottom is connected to the gas distribution element 221 through the distribution plate 21. The gas distribution element 222 is evenly provided with multiple gas outlets 2221 in the circumference. The end of the gas outlet 2221 located on the inner side of the gas distribution element 222 is higher than the end located on the outer side of the gas distribution element 222, extending from the inside to the outside and tilting upward and downward.

[0129] According to the above-mentioned setting mode, through the special arrangement of the gas outlet 2221 from inside to outside and tilted downward, on the one hand, a downward airflow barrier is formed to effectively prevent solid-phase materials from entering the distribution element to avoid the risk of blockage; on the other hand, the gas-phase materials are evenly diffused along the circumference to form a stable three-dimensional flow field distribution in the reaction chamber. The tilt angle design optimizes the gas flow path, significantly improves the gas-solid contact efficiency, and makes the temperature field and concentration field distribution in the reactor more uniform, which is particularly suitable for high-efficiency reaction systems that require strict control of gas-solid distribution.

[0130] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a tubular distribution element 223 is provided at a position of the distribution plate 21 near the inner wall side of the housing 1, extending in the transverse direction and communicating with the gas distribution element 221 located below. A plurality of tubular air outlets 2231 are provided at the bottom of the tubular distribution element 223 and are distributed at intervals along the axial direction. The extension direction of the tubular air outlets 2231 is obliquely downward and parallel to the radial direction of the tubular distribution element 223.

[0131] According to the above-mentioned setting mode, by arranging the tubular air outlet 2231 obliquely downward, on the one hand, the airflow is uniformly sprayed in the radial parallel direction, ensuring the uniformity of gas distribution in the edge area of ​​the reaction chamber 14, and effectively eliminating the dead zone of wall flow commonly seen in traditional designs; on the other hand, the oblique downward airflow direction forms a gas barrier, which can prevent solid materials from accumulating on the inner wall side of the shell 1 and prevent the reaction materials from entering the distribution element in reverse. The gas-solid contact efficiency in the edge area of ​​the reactor is optimized, making the flow field distribution in the entire reaction chamber more uniform and consistent, while significantly reducing the risk of wall coking and blockage, and improving the stability and reliability of the device operation.

[0132] In an illustrative embodiment, the total porosity of the gas distribution element 222 in each reaction chamber 14 is 3% to 20%.

[0133] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the gas distribution assembly 2 also includes a sealing ring seat 23 and a sealing ring 24. The sealing ring seat 23 is arranged on the lower side of the distribution plate 21 and forms an annular sealing space with the side wall of the shell 1; the sealing ring 24 is arranged in the sealing space, and the cross-sectional diameter of the sealing ring 24 is larger than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing space to seal the inner cavity.

[0134] According to the above-mentioned setting method, the sealing structure design realizes efficient sealing of the inner cavity of the shell 1 through the synergistic effect of the interference fit sealing ring 24 and the sealing ring seat 23: the sealing ring 24 forms a radial tight contact with the side wall of the shell 1 in the pre-compression state, and the continuous pressing force generated by its elastic deformation can effectively isolate the gas exchange between the reaction chamber 14 and the external environment, while compensating for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation during the operation of the equipment, ensuring that reliable sealing performance can be maintained under high temperature and high pressure conditions, preventing leakage of reaction gas or infiltration of external air, and ensuring safe and stable operation of the reaction process.

[0135] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 As shown, the sealing ring seat 23 includes a first sealing ring 231 and a second sealing ring 232. The first sealing ring 231 is fixedly arranged below the distribution plate 21, and the second sealing ring 232 is detachably installed on the first sealing ring 231. The second sealing ring 232 extends obliquely downward in the width direction of the shell 1 (that is, the annular end located on the inner side is higher than the annular end located on the outer side), forming a conical ring body, which forms an annular sealing space with the first sealing ring 231 and the inner wall of the shell 1.

[0136] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the first sealing ring 231 and the second sealing ring 232 are detachably connected by bolts.

[0137] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sealing ring 24 has a circular cross section and is made of high temperature resistant rubber material. The diameter of the sealing ring 24 is greater than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the sealing space cross section by 4 to 20 mm.

[0138] In an exemplary embodiment, the sealing ring 24 is hollow inside and is provided with an air intake duct connected to the inside, and the air intake duct is connected to the outside through the second sealing ring 232. By inflating the inside of the sealing ring 24, the diameter range of the sealing ring 24 can be controlled.

[0139] According to the above-mentioned setting mode, the hollow cavity of the sealing ring 24 and the air inlet pipe constitute an air pressure regulating system, and the radial expansion of the sealing ring 24 can be accurately controlled by filling the compressed gas into the sealing ring 24, so that the outer diameter of the sealing ring 24 always maintains the optimal contact pressure with the inner wall of the housing 1. This design can not only adjust the sealing tightness in real time according to the changes in working conditions, and compensate for the sealing gap caused by mechanical wear or thermal deformation, but also quickly release the sealing state by pressure relief during equipment maintenance, which greatly improves the reliability and maintenance convenience of the sealing system, and is particularly suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure reaction devices that need to be frequently opened and closed or operated under variable working conditions.

[0140] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 6As shown, the outer edge of the distribution plate 21 is provided with an annular sealing strip 211, which abuts against the side wall of the shell 1 whose cross section is configured as a rectangle with rounded transition to play a sealing role. The connection of the rounded transition can ensure the sealing effect of the sealing strip 211.

[0141] Figure 7 The structural schematic diagram of the sealing groove of an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0142] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of annular sealing grooves 18 are provided on the inner wall of the housing 1 , and the plurality of sealing grooves 18 are evenly spaced and distributed on the inner wall of the housing 1 in the longitudinal direction, and are suitable for cooperating with the sealing ring 24 to seal the inner cavity of the housing 1 .

[0143] According to the above-mentioned setting mode, multiple sealing effects are achieved through the cooperation of multiple annular sealing grooves 18 and inflatable sealing rings 24 set on the inner wall of the shell 1: each sealing groove 18 is evenly spaced along the longitudinal direction to form a sealing position. When the inflated sealing ring 24 is precisely fitted with the sealing groove 18, the overall sealing performance can be significantly improved through multiple sealing surfaces, and the sealing positions at different heights can be selected for dynamic adjustment according to the working conditions. The sealing system has the characteristics of adjustable axial position and controllable sealing pressure, which can adapt to the pressure changes in different reaction stages and effectively prevent the axial flow of gas through segmented sealing. It is particularly suitable for large vertical reaction devices with pressure fluctuations or requiring zoning control, and greatly reduces the wear rate of sealing components while ensuring air tightness.

[0144] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the depth of the sealing groove 18 is 0.04 mm to 1.5 mm, and the distance between adjacent sealing grooves 18 is 0.3 mm to 5 mm.

[0145] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the gas distribution assembly 2 adopts a multi-stage sealing structure, combined with the design of the gas filling and discharging of the sealing ring 24, to ensure the sealing performance during the lifting process. This design not only prevents the leakage of the reaction gas, but also avoids the entry of external air, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the reaction.

[0146] Figure 8 A top view of a drive assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0147] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the driving assembly 3 includes: a base 31, which is arranged below the shell 1; a plurality of lifting execution units 32, which are vertically installed on the base 31 and connected to the gas distribution assembly 2 at the upper end; a driving unit 33, which is arranged on the base 31; and a synchronous transmission mechanism 34, which is connected between the output end of the driving unit 33 and the plurality of lifting execution units 32, and is suitable for evenly distributing the torque output by the driving unit 33 to the plurality of lifting execution units 32.

[0148] According to the above-mentioned setting method, the synchronous lifting mechanism of the driving component 3 realizes the precise longitudinal lifting of the gas distribution component 2. The driving unit 33 evenly distributes the power to multiple lifting execution units 32 through the synchronous transmission mechanism 34, ensuring that the distribution plate 21 remains horizontal during the lifting process, avoiding sealing failure or uneven reaction problems caused by tilting.

[0149] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the lifting execution unit 32 includes a screw rod extending in the longitudinal direction. The lifting execution unit 32 is configured as four and evenly connected to the bottom of the gas distribution component 2.

[0150] In detail, the synchronous transmission mechanism 34 includes a reducer 341, two first commutators 342 and four second commutators 343. The driving unit 33 is arranged in the middle of the base, the output end of the driving unit 33 is connected to the reducer 341, the two ends of the reducer 341 are connected to the two first commutators 342 through a transmission shaft, the two ends of the two first commutators 342 are respectively connected to the second commutators 343, and the second commutators 343 are threadedly connected to the screw rods to evenly convert the torque output by the driving unit 33 into the driving force for the lifting and lowering of the four screw rods.

[0151] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes 6, which are respectively arranged in the plurality of reaction chambers 14. The plurality of heat exchange tubes 6 are configured to extend in the longitudinal direction to respectively exchange heat with the plurality of reaction chambers 14 so as to accurately control the reaction temperature of each reaction chamber 14.

[0152] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange tube 6 is a U-shaped tube, with both ends extending to the outside of the shell 1 and connected to the external heat exchanger. When the heat exchange tube 6 is set, the bottom of the heat exchange tube 6 is the upper limit of the height of the distribution component 2.

[0153] Fig. 9 The piping diagram of the pressure monitoring assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0154] In an illustrative embodiment, Fig. 9 As shown, it also includes a pressure monitoring assembly 7, including a first differential pressure transmitter 71 and a second differential pressure transmitter 72, wherein Figure 4As shown, the side walls of the shell 1 located on one side of each reaction chamber 14 are respectively provided with at least three pressure measuring ports 15 distributed at intervals in the longitudinal direction; the positive pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter 71 is connected to the uppermost pressure measuring port 15 through a pressure lead pipe, and the negative pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter 7 is connected to the lowermost pressure measuring port 15 through a pressure lead pipe, and each of the middle pressure measuring ports 15 is divided into three routes, which are respectively connected to the negative pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter 71, the negative pressure side and the positive pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter 72, and a valve is provided on each pressure lead pipe.

[0155] Among them, it should be noted that the "positive pressure side" refers to the side of the differential pressure transmitter with higher connection pressure or positive relative pressure (i.e. high pressure side, HP), and the "negative pressure side" refers to the side with lower connection pressure or negative relative pressure (i.e. low pressure side, LP). For example, if the pressure on both sides is higher than atmospheric pressure (such as pipeline flow measurement), the "negative pressure side" only means that the pressure is lower than the positive pressure side, and the actual pressure is still positive. At this time, "positive / negative" is a description of the relative differential pressure direction, not an absolute pressure value. If the low-pressure side is connected to a vacuum or the absolute pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure (such as a suction system), the negative pressure side is both the "low pressure side" of the differential pressure and the negative pressure area of ​​the absolute pressure. According to the above-mentioned setting method, by controlling the valves on different pressure-inducing pipes, the pressure difference and density between any two points can be measured, the overall flow state of the material can be determined, and the gas-solid ratio can be adjusted according to the measured data to make the reaction conditions of each reaction chamber 14 in the optimal state.

[0156] In an illustrative embodiment, each reaction chamber 14 is further provided with a plurality of temperature measuring ports evenly distributed in the longitudinal direction on the side wall of the shell 1 , and the temperature measuring ports are connected to an external temperature measuring device to obtain the reaction temperature at different positions in the reaction chamber.

[0157] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature measuring port and the pressure measuring port 15 are overlapped, so that the external temperature measuring device and the first differential pressure transmitter 71 and the second differential pressure transmitter 72 obtain the temperature and pressure in the reaction chamber 14 through the common opening.

[0158] Fig.10 The connection diagram of the variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0159] In an illustrative embodiment, Fig.10 As shown, the solid phase inlet 12 is connected to the solid phase preheater 200 through a pipeline, and the solid phase outlet 13 and the gas phase outlet 11 are connected to the gas-solid separator 300 respectively.

[0160] According to the above-mentioned setting method, the direct connection design between the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase preheater 200 allows the solid material to be preheated to the process temperature before entering the reaction chamber 14, effectively shortening the reaction start-up time; the gas-solid mixture after the reaction is introduced into the gas-solid separator 300 through the gas phase outlet 11 and the solid phase outlet 13 arranged in parallel. This integrated process design significantly improves the thermal efficiency and product separation effect of the reaction system, and at the same time simplifies the equipment structure through modular pipeline layout, which is particularly suitable for high-temperature gas-solid phase reaction processes in continuous production.

[0161] According to the variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor of the present invention, the volume of the reaction chamber can be flexibly adjusted through the gas distribution component 2 that can be raised and lowered, so that the gas-solid ratio and the solid phase residence time can be adjusted over a wide range. One reactor can adapt to a variety of different reaction requirements, such as process conditions from fast reaction to slow reaction, or from high gas-solid ratio to low gas-solid ratio. At the same time, it is also possible to achieve parameter adjustment of the same reaction over a wider range to meet the needs of reactant concentration changes or product yield optimization. This high degree of operational flexibility significantly improves the utilization rate of the equipment, reduces equipment investment costs, and improves economic benefits.

[0162] The embodiments of the present invention are described above. However, these embodiments are only for the purpose of illustration, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although each embodiment is described above, it does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used in combination advantageously. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, characterized in that: include: A shell, wherein the top of the shell is provided with a gas phase outlet, the side wall is provided with a solid phase inlet and a solid phase outlet, and the bottom is provided with an opening; a gas distribution assembly at least partially movably extending longitudinally into the housing through the opening; as well as The driving assembly is adapted to drive the gas distribution assembly to move longitudinally relative to the shell to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the shell.

2. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A porous plate is horizontally arranged in the shell, and forms a reaction chamber with the side wall of the shell and the gas distribution assembly; as well as at least one spacing unit, disposed between the porous plate and the gas distribution assembly to partition the reaction chamber into at least two reaction chambers interconnected in the width direction of the shell, and configured to change height as the gas distribution assembly moves; The gas phase outlet is located above the porous plate, and the solid phase inlet and the solid phase outlet are arranged on both sides of the shell in the width direction and are respectively connected to the reaction chamber.

3. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing unit comprises: At least two levels of mutually nested partition plates, the mutually nested partition plates being connected by a guide mechanism; and At least one supporting column is connected between the outer partition plate and the gas distribution assembly or the porous plate to form a material port connecting the reaction chambers at both sides.

4. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material openings of the plurality of spacing units are alternately arranged on the gas distribution assembly and the porous plate side in the width direction of the shell to form a continuous reciprocating material flow path.

5. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas distribution assembly comprises: a distribution plate movably disposed in the housing in a longitudinal direction; and A plurality of distribution units are arranged along the width direction of the shell, with the lower portion being located below the distribution plate and the upper portion passing through the distribution plate and respectively communicating with the plurality of reaction chambers, and are suitable for conveying reaction gas to the reaction chambers.

6. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distribution unit comprises: A gas distribution element is disposed below the distribution plate, with a gas inlet disposed on the side wall and a valve disposed on the bottom; and A plurality of gas distribution elements are evenly arranged above the distribution plate and communicated with the gas distribution element. The plurality of gas distribution elements are provided with a plurality of air outlets.

7. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas distribution assembly further comprises: A sealing ring seat, disposed on the lower side of the distribution plate, and forming an annular sealing space with the side wall of the housing; and A sealing ring is arranged in the sealing space, and the cross-sectional diameter of the sealing ring is larger than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing space, so as to seal the inner cavity.

8. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly comprises: A base, disposed below the shell; A plurality of lifting execution units are vertically mounted on the base, and the upper ends thereof are connected to the gas distribution assembly; A driving unit, disposed on the base; and The synchronous transmission mechanism is connected between the output end of the driving unit and the plurality of lifting execution units, and is suitable for evenly distributing the torque output by the driving unit to the plurality of lifting execution units, so that the plurality of lifting execution units can be lifted synchronously.

9. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes, which are respectively arranged in the plurality of reaction chambers, and the plurality of heat exchange tubes are configured to extend in the longitudinal direction.

10. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also included are pressure monitoring components, including: a first differential pressure transmitter and a second differential pressure transmitter; The side wall of the shell located on one side of each reaction chamber is respectively provided with at least three pressure measuring ports spaced apart in the longitudinal direction; The positive pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter is connected to the uppermost pressure measuring port through a pressure-leading pipe, and the negative pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter is connected to the lowermost pressure measuring port through a pressure-leading pipe. Each of the middle pressure measuring ports is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the negative pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter, the negative pressure side and the positive pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter, and a valve is provided on each of the pressure-leading pipes.

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