Method for improving photocatalytic reaction efficiency through distributed LED holographic projection

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and particularly relates to a method for improving photocatalytic reaction efficiency through distributed LED holographic projection. A traditional photocatalytic reactor is uncontrollable in light field distribution and low in energy utilization efficiency. A three-dimensional light field is created by using a holographic projection technology, photon energy is enabled to act on a catalyst and target molecules more intensively, the photochemical conversion rate is improved, a multi-point distributed LED optical system is designed, the multi-point distributed LED optical system comprises a flexible ultraviolet LED light source, a non-polar magnetic response power supply system, a spatial light modulator and other components and is used for generating a stable holographic image, and the photochemical conversion rate is improved. According to the invention, the light is emitted into the transparent container containing reactants, so that each spatial geometric site in the photocatalytic reactor can obtain proper illumination intensity to meet the requirements of photocatalytic reaction, thereby being beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency and realizing the effects of energy conservation and consumption reduction.

Description

1. Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of photocatalysis technology, and specifically relates to a method for improving the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions by using distributed LED holographic projection. The method focuses on the problem that the light field distribution of traditional photocatalytic reactors is uncontrollable and the energy utilization efficiency is low. Holographic projection technology is used to create a three-dimensional light field, so that the photon energy acts more concentratedly on the catalyst and target molecules, improves the photochemical conversion rate, and achieves the effect of energy saving and consumption reduction. 2. Background Technology

[0002] Photocatalytic reactor is the core equipment of photocatalytic technology. According to the reactor structure and light source arrangement, photocatalytic reactors are mainly divided into tubular, ring, flat and fluidized bed types. Tubular reactors are widely used in water treatment and air purification because of their simple structure and easy scale-up, but their light energy utilization rate is low, usually only 20% to 30%. Ring reactors improve the uniformity of illumination by arranging annular light sources, but their complex structure and high cost limit their large-scale application. In recent years, the introduction of membrane module coupling technology and magnetization technology has provided new ideas for the design of photocatalytic reactors, such as achieving efficient separation of reactants and products through membrane modules, or enhancing the dispersion and stability of photocatalysts through magnetization technology. These advances show that the design of photocatalytic reactors is developing in the direction of high efficiency, multi-function and intelligence, but there are still key problems such as low light energy utilization that need to be solved.

[0003] Although many advances have been made in the design of photocatalytic reactors, the problems of uncontrollable light field distribution and low energy utilization efficiency are still prominent. Traditional photocatalytic reactors usually adopt a fixed light source arrangement, which leads to uneven light field distribution. For example, in a tubular reactor, the light intensity is higher in the center area and significantly reduced in the edge area, and the light energy utilization rate is only 20% to 40%. In addition, the uneven distribution of the light field also leads to local overheating and deactivation of the photocatalyst. For example, in some reactors, the local temperature can exceed 80°C, which significantly reduces the stability of the catalyst. At the same time, it is difficult for traditional designs to achieve dynamic regulation of the light field, and it is impossible to adjust the light intensity distribution and wavelength matching in real time according to the reaction requirements, which further limits the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction.

[0004] In order to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reactors, domestic and foreign research teams have actively explored. Liu et al. (Adv. Mater. 2024, 2413440) significantly improved the photocatalytic water splitting efficiency of InGaN / GaN nanowires through the infrared thermal effect generated by high-intensity focused sunlight, and the STH efficiency reached 9.2%, close to commercial requirements. Professor Kazunari Domen's team at the University of Tokyo in Japan developed a 100m 2The large-scale photocatalytic water splitting system achieved an STH efficiency of 0.76% by optimizing the photocatalyst layer design and gas separation technology, and demonstrated its potential for large-scale applications. Professor Zhang Jinlong's team at East China University of Science and Technology constructed a proton-rich hydrogel microreactor, which significantly improved the activity and selectivity of photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2, with a H2O2 yield of 204.30μM h –1 , nearly 3 times higher than traditional powder catalysts (Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2024,63,e202406143). In addition, Wang Feng's team at Xi'an Jiaotong University significantly improved the yield and selectivity of hydrocarbon fuels by optimizing the light absorption and mass transfer performance of the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactor (CIESCJournal,2023,74(1):29-44). These innovations show that the efficiency of photocatalytic reactors can be significantly improved through light field regulation, reactor structure optimization and system integration. III. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention is made in view of the problems existing in the prior art. The present invention constructs a multi-point distributed LED optical system including a flexible ultraviolet LED light source, a poleless magnetic response power supply system and a spatial light modulator. The system replaces the traditional fixed light source and realizes flexible control of arbitrary spatial wavelength and illumination. In particular, the spatial light modulator can realize precise control of the light field distribution, making the light field distribution more controllable and solving the problem that the light distribution is difficult to adjust.

[0006] Secondly, the present invention is implemented in a closed photocatalytic reactor, and the concentration change of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) is measured by fluorescent probe technology to evaluate the dynamic behavior and mechanism of photocatalysis. When DCFH-DA is used as a fluorescent probe, the detection wavelength is 488nm excitation light and 525nm emission light, and the sensitivity reaches 10 -9 M. The relationship between fluorescence intensity and free radical concentration can be expressed by the formula:

[0007] If = k[C dotp OH]

[0008] Where If is the fluorescence intensity, [C dotp OH] is the hydroxyl radical concentration and k is the proportionality coefficient.

[0009] The present invention also introduces a high-speed USB3.2 interface and a high-performance embedded processor to generate a stable holographic image, ensuring that the image refresh rate reaches more than 60 frames per second, and realizing continuous and undistorted three-dimensional light field projection. The holographic image parameters are adjusted, and the Gerchberg-Saxton iterative phase recovery algorithm is used to ensure that the generated hologram produces the expected light intensity distribution at the specified position. The enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm is used for data autonomous learning and prediction, and the intelligent control system automatically adjusts the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system. The photocatalytic reaction rate equation is as follows:

[0010] r = k app [Reactant] α

[0011] Where r is the reaction rate, [Reactant] is the reactant concentration, and α is the reaction order.

[0012] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is a method for improving the efficiency of photocatalytic reaction by distributed LED holographic projection, characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1, design and assemble a multi-point distributed LED optical system including a flexible ultraviolet LED light source, a poleless magnetic response power supply system and a spatial light modulator; the ultraviolet LED light source uses LED chips in the UV-A band (365nm), UV-C band (254nm) and visible light auxiliary band (405nm), and the LED single particle power range is 0.5 to 15W, ensuring a sufficiently wide range of adjustable output intervals for exciting photocatalytic reactions; the spatial light modulator has a resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and supports a refresh rate of up to 60 frames per second to achieve precise control of light field distribution; the poleless magnetic response power supply system can provide a continuously variable voltage for the ultraviolet LED light source, ranging from 0V to 36V, and has a fast response time at the microsecond level to adapt to different light intensity requirements;

[0014] Step 2, construct a closed photocatalytic reactor with an aspect ratio of 3:1, a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 60 cm; the ultraviolet LED light source is distributed around the inside of the photocatalytic reactor; the reactor is provided with a feed port and a discharge port, the feed port is located on one side of the bottom of the reactor, made of stainless steel, with a quick connector for easy connection to an external feeding system, the inlet pipe diameter is 10 mm, and the flow control range is 0.1-5 L / min; the discharge port is located on the other side of the top, and is also controlled by a stainless steel valve to ensure smooth discharge of the product; the dispersion system is composed of a porous distributor to prevent channeling, short circuit, open circuit and other problems caused by direct feeding; the reaction temperature is maintained by circulating cooling water in the jacket, the cooling water flow rate is 0.5-2 L / min, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5℃, the operating temperature range is from room temperature to 100℃; the exhaust port is set at the top of the reactor, with a diameter of 8mm, and is equipped with a gas filter to prevent the escape of harmful gases; the photocatalytic parallel multi-tube plate, the substrate is made of high-transparency borosilicate glass, the shape is a hollow tube, the outer diameter is 10mm, the inner diameter is 8mm, and the bottom layer is loaded with a layer of Au film by ion sputtering, with a thickness of 1μm, which plays a protective role; the middle layer is a nanoparticle coating of a mixture of defective ZnO and hexagonal wurtzite structure ZnO (mass ratio is 4:1), which is loaded by supersonic flame sintering method, with a thickness of 1-2μm, as the main photocatalytic active layer; the surface layer is Ti2N3, obtained by ion sputtering method, with a thickness of 50nm, which can protect the photocatalytic active layer;

[0015] Step 3, during the reaction, key parameters are monitored in real time, including temperature (25°C ± 0.5°C), pH value (6.5 to 7.5) and dissolved oxygen concentration (0.5 to 1.5 mg / L), as well as changes in the concentrations of reaction raw materials and products; online analytical instruments, including gas chromatograph (GC), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), etc., are used to obtain accurate data; in addition, fluorescent probe technology is used to directly measure changes in free radical concentration in the solution to evaluate the dynamic behavior and mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction;

[0016] Step 4, using a high-speed USB3.2 interface in conjunction with a high-performance embedded processor to generate a stable holographic image, ensuring that the image refresh rate reaches more than 60 frames per second, so as to achieve continuous and undistorted holographic images projected into the transparent container containing the reactants; adjusting the holographic image parameters, including phase offset (0 to 2π), amplitude coefficient (0.1 to 1.0) and frequency (1kHz to 1MHz); using a spectrometer to measure the kinetic characteristics of the photocatalytic reaction under different conditions, and determine the light field setting scheme; using the OpenCV library in Python to define the light field pattern in the target area, and converting this pattern into corresponding hologram data through the Fourier transform algorithm; after transmitting to the spatial light modulator, it is converted into an actual physical light field to form a uniform and stable three-dimensional light field in the transparent container; optimizing the light field setting, using the Gerchberg-Saxton iterative method phase recovery algorithm (Phase Retrieval Algorithm) to ensure that the generated hologram again produces the expected light intensity distribution at the specified position, with an error of no more than ±5%;

[0017] Step 5: Calculate the quantum efficiency, apparent rate constant and yield of the photocatalytic reaction based on the collected data to form a training set of relevant reaction parameters, apply the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm for data autonomous learning and prediction, add a feature selection module, introduce the Boosting mechanism in ensemble learning, and gradually increase weak classifiers to improve the overall performance; according to the prediction results of the RF++ model, the intelligent control system automatically adjusts the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system, adjusts the phase offset (0 to 2π), amplitude coefficient (0.1 to 1.0), frequency (1kHz to 1MHz), LED intensity (0.5 to 15W), and optimizes the LED array layout to ensure uniform light distribution; maintain the set value stable through the PID controller, and the error does not exceed ±0.05W / cm 2 Based on the above autonomous learning, a computational model of the distributed LED holographic projection photocatalytic reactor is formed, and the optimal light field setting parameters for specific reactions are given.

[0018] Further, the monitoring reaction process described in step 3 also includes using fluorescent probe technology to directly measure the change in the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the solution to evaluate the dynamic behavior and mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction; the fluorescent probe is 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), the detection wavelength is 488nm excitation light, 525nm emission light, and the sensitivity reaches 10 -9 M can reflect the number of reactive oxygen species produced during the reaction process in real time.

[0019] It is further defined that the process of irradiating the reactants described in step 4 also includes setting multiple reflective mirrors to increase the length of the light path and expand the effective irradiation area, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate; the reflective mirrors are made of aluminum plating with a reflectivity higher than 95%, and the arrangement angle is 45° to 60°, so that the complexity of the light path is increased but the loss is minimized, thereby ultimately achieving effective utilization of light energy.

[0020] It is further defined that the creation of a three-dimensional stereoscopic light field described in step 4 also includes introducing an autofocus mechanism to adapt to target areas of different depths, ensuring the consistency of the focus position during each projection, and improving the accuracy of the light field distribution; the autofocus mechanism is based on the principle of laser ranging, with an accuracy of up to ±10μm and a response time of milliseconds, ensuring precise positioning of the light field.

[0021] The present invention is beneficial in that:

[0022] 1) Adopt multi-point distributed LED optical system to achieve precise control of wavelength and illumination in any space, significantly improving the uniformity and efficiency of photocatalytic reaction.

[0023] 2) Introduce fluorescent probe technology and online analytical instruments to monitor key parameters in real time, ensure optimal reaction conditions, and improve the stability and reliability of the photocatalytic process.

[0024] 3) Apply the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm for data learning and prediction, automatically adjust the light source parameters, maximize the photocatalytic reaction rate, reduce energy consumption, and improve yield. IV. Description of the drawings

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments are briefly described below. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a closed photocatalytic reactor (including a multi-point distributed LED optical system), where the drawing marks are as follows:

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram (cross-section) of a closed photocatalytic reactor (including a multi-point distributed LED optical system). The drawing marks are the same as Figure 1 .

[0027] Figure 3 In order to enhance the photocatalytic H2O2 production reaction using this method, a comparison chart of H2O2 production performance before and after enhancement is shown.

[0028] Figure 4 In order to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen simulated wastewater reaction using this method, the degradation performance comparison before and after enhancement is shown.

[0029] Figure 5In order to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red simulated wastewater using this method, the degradation performance comparison before and after enhancement is shown.

[0030] Figure 6 In order to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue simulated wastewater using this method, the degradation performance comparison before and after enhancement is shown. V. Specific implementation methods

[0031] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] 1. A method for improving the efficiency of photocatalytic reaction by distributed LED holographic projection, characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, design and assemble a multi-point distributed LED optical system including a flexible ultraviolet LED light source, a poleless magnetic response power supply system and a spatial light modulator; the ultraviolet LED light source uses LED chips in the UV-A band (365nm), UV-C band (254nm) and visible light auxiliary band (405nm), and the LED single particle power range is 0.5 to 15W, ensuring a sufficiently wide range of adjustable output intervals for exciting photocatalytic reactions; the spatial light modulator has a resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and supports a refresh rate of up to 60 frames per second to achieve precise control of light field distribution; the poleless magnetic response power supply system can provide a continuously variable voltage for the ultraviolet LED light source, ranging from 0V to 36V, and has a fast response time at the microsecond level to adapt to different light intensity requirements;

[0035] Step 2, construct a closed photocatalytic reactor with an aspect ratio of 3:1, a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 60 cm; the ultraviolet LED light source is distributed around the inside of the photocatalytic reactor; the reactor is provided with a feed port and a discharge port, the feed port is located on one side of the bottom of the reactor, made of stainless steel, with a quick connector for easy connection to an external feeding system, the inlet pipe diameter is 10 mm, and the flow control range is 0.1-5 L / min; the discharge port is located on the other side of the top, and is also controlled by a stainless steel valve to ensure smooth discharge of the product; the dispersion system is composed of a porous distributor to prevent channeling, short circuit, open circuit and other problems caused by direct feeding; the reaction temperature is maintained by circulating cooling water in the jacket, the cooling water flow rate is 0.5-2 L / min, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5℃, the operating temperature range is from room temperature to 100℃; the exhaust port is set at the top of the reactor, with a diameter of 8mm, and is equipped with a gas filter to prevent the escape of harmful gases; the photocatalytic parallel multi-tube plate, the substrate is made of high-transparency borosilicate glass, the shape is a hollow tube, the outer diameter is 10mm, the inner diameter is 8mm, and the bottom layer is loaded with a layer of Au film by ion sputtering, with a thickness of 1μm, which plays a protective role; the middle layer is a nanoparticle coating of a mixture of defective ZnO and hexagonal wurtzite structure ZnO (mass ratio is 4:1), which is loaded by supersonic flame sintering method, with a thickness of 1-2μm, as the main photocatalytic active layer; the surface layer is Ti2N3, obtained by ion sputtering method, with a thickness of 50nm, which can protect the photocatalytic active layer;

[0036] Step 3, during the reaction, key parameters are monitored in real time, including temperature (25°C ± 0.5°C), pH value (6.5 to 7.5) and dissolved oxygen concentration (0.5 to 1.5 mg / L), as well as changes in the concentrations of reaction raw materials and products; online analytical instruments, including gas chromatograph (GC), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), etc., are used to obtain accurate data; in addition, fluorescent probe technology is used to directly measure changes in the concentration of free radicals in the solution to evaluate the dynamic behavior and mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction; specifically, when the fluorescent probe technology is used to directly measure changes in the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the solution, the fluorescent probe is 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), the detection wavelength is 488nm excitation light, 525nm emission light, and the sensitivity reaches 10 -9 M, which can reflect the number of reactive oxygen species produced during the reaction process in real time;

[0037] Step 4, using a high-speed USB3.2 interface in conjunction with a high-performance embedded processor to generate a stable holographic image, ensuring that the image refresh rate reaches more than 60 frames per second, so as to achieve continuous and undistorted holographic images projected into the transparent container containing the reactants; specifically, the process of irradiating the reactants also includes setting multiple reflective mirrors to increase the length of the light path and expand the effective irradiation area, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate; the reflective mirrors are made of aluminum plating with a reflectivity of more than 95%, and the arrangement angle is 45° to 60°, so that the complexity of the light path is increased but the loss is minimized, and ultimately the effective utilization of light energy is achieved; adjusting the holographic image parameters, including phase offset (0 to 2π), amplitude coefficient (0.1 to 1.0) and frequency (1kHz to 1MHz); using a spectrometer to measure under different conditions The kinetic characteristics of the photocatalytic reaction are used to determine the light field setting scheme; the OpenCV library in Python is used to define the light field pattern in the target area, and this pattern is converted into the corresponding hologram data through the Fourier transform algorithm; after being transmitted to the spatial light modulator, it is converted into an actual physical light field to form a uniform and stable three-dimensional light field in the transparent container; the creation of a three-dimensional light field also includes the introduction of an autofocus mechanism to adapt to target areas of different depths, ensuring the consistency of the focus position during each projection, and improving the accuracy of the light field distribution; the autofocus mechanism is based on the principle of laser ranging, with an accuracy of up to ±10μm and a response time of milliseconds, ensuring the precise positioning of the light field; the light field setting is optimized, and the Gerchberg-Saxton iterative phase recovery algorithm (Phase Retrieval Algorithm) is used to ensure that the generated hologram produces the expected light intensity distribution at the specified position again, with an error of no more than ±5%;

[0038] Step 5: Calculate the quantum efficiency, apparent rate constant and yield of the photocatalytic reaction based on the collected data to form a training set of relevant reaction parameters, apply the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm for data autonomous learning and prediction, add a feature selection module, introduce the Boosting mechanism in ensemble learning, and gradually increase weak classifiers to improve the overall performance; according to the prediction results of the RF++ model, the intelligent control system automatically adjusts the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system, adjusts the phase offset (0 to 2π), amplitude coefficient (0.1 to 1.0), frequency (1kHz to 1MHz), LED intensity (0.5 to 15W), and optimizes the LED array layout to ensure uniform light distribution; maintain the set value stable through the PID controller, and the error does not exceed ±0.05W / cm 2 Based on the above autonomous learning, a computational model of the distributed LED holographic projection photocatalytic reactor is formed, and the optimal light field setting parameters for specific reactions are given.

[0039] The structural diagram of the closed photocatalytic reactor is shown in the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 .

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] The method of distributed LED holographic projection to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production reaction was evaluated. The experiment was first carried out under unoptimized conditions, then LED holographic projection technology was introduced, and finally the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm was applied for intelligent optimization. The performance changes at each step were recorded and analyzed.

[0042] Under the initial conditions, a traditional mercury lamp light source was used, the water flow rate was 2.35 L / min, the residence time was 12.78 min, the current was 0.65 A, and the voltage was 14.87 V. Under this setting, the H2O2 yield was measured to be 0.08 mg / L, the quantum efficiency was 2.34%, and the specific energy consumption was 0.78 kWh / m 3 Under the conditions of traditional light sources and fixed light field distribution, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production is low and the energy consumption is high.

[0043] After the LED holographic projection system is configured for the first time, the UV LED light source is distributed around the inside of the photocatalytic reactor, and the light field distribution is precisely controlled by the spatial light modulator. At this time, the water flow rate is adjusted to 2.53L / min, the residence time is extended to 15.46min, the current is increased to 0.79A, and the voltage is reduced to 12.34V. Thanks to the high efficiency and controllability of the LED light source, the H2O2 yield is significantly increased to 0.27mg / L, the quantum efficiency is increased to 4.56%, and the unit energy consumption is reduced to 0.62kWh / m 3 This improvement is mainly attributed to the high energy utilization rate and more uniform light field distribution of the LED light source, which enables more consistent illumination of the photocatalyst surface, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0044] Furthermore, by applying the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm for autonomous data learning and prediction, the intelligent control system automatically adjusts the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system, including phase offset, amplitude coefficient, frequency and LED intensity. The optimized light field distribution ensures that the light evenly covers the entire reaction area while maintaining the optimal combination of light intensity and wavelength. Under this optimized condition, the water inlet flow rate was fine-tuned to 2.67L / min, the residence time was 16.24min, the current was stabilized at 0.83A, and the voltage was maintained at 11.79V. The experimental results show that the H2O2 yield reached 0.45mg / L, the quantum efficiency was increased to 6.87%, and the unit energy consumption was further reduced to 0.53kWh / m 3 The RF++ algorithm improves the overall performance by gradually adding weak classifiers, ensuring that each adjustment can maximize the photocatalytic reaction rate while minimizing energy consumption. Figure 3 .

[0045] Embodiment 3:

[0046] Evaluate the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen simulated wastewater by distributed LED holographic projection. Under initial conditions, ammonia nitrogen simulated wastewater was treated with a traditional mercury lamp light source, with an influent flow rate of 3.14L / min, a residence time of 18.56min, a current of 0.72A, and a voltage of 15.92V. The initial pollutant concentration was 15.23mg / L NH4 + -N. Under this setting, the measured ammonia nitrogen degradation rate was 28.74%, the quantum efficiency was 2.15%, and the specific energy consumption was 0.89 kWh / m 3 Under the conditions of traditional light sources and fixed light field distribution, the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen is low and the energy consumption is high.

[0047] After the LED holographic projection system was configured for the first time, the UV LED light source was distributed around the inside of the photocatalytic reactor, and the light field distribution was precisely controlled through the spatial light modulator. At this time, the water flow rate was adjusted to 3.37L / min, the residence time was extended to 21.45min, the current was increased to 0.81A, and the voltage was reduced to 13.47V. Thanks to the high efficiency and controllability of the LED light source, the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate was significantly increased to 54.68%, the quantum efficiency increased to 4.79%, and the unit energy consumption was reduced to 0.71kWh / m 3 This improvement is mainly attributed to the high energy utilization rate and more uniform light field distribution of the LED light source, which enables more consistent illumination of the photocatalyst surface, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0048] Furthermore, the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm was applied for intelligent optimization, and the intelligent control system automatically adjusted the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system, including phase offset, amplitude coefficient, frequency and LED intensity. The optimized light field distribution ensures that the light evenly covers the entire reaction area while maintaining the optimal combination of light intensity and wavelength. Under this optimized condition, the water inlet flow rate was fine-tuned to 3.51L / min, the residence time was 22.79min, the current was stabilized at 0.86A, and the voltage was maintained at 12.83V. The experimental results show that the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate reached 72.35%, the quantum efficiency was increased to 6.42%, and the unit energy consumption was further reduced to 0.63kWh / m 3 The RF++ algorithm improves the overall performance by gradually adding weak classifiers, ensuring that each adjustment can maximize the photocatalytic reaction rate while minimizing energy consumption. Figure 4 .

[0049] Embodiment 4:

[0050] The method of evaluating distributed LED holographic projection to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of Congo red simulated wastewater. Under initial conditions, the traditional mercury lamp light source was used to treat Congo red simulated wastewater, with an inlet flow rate of 2.95L / min, a residence time of 17.32min, a current of 0.76A, and a voltage of 15.48V. The initial pollutant concentration was 50.15mg / L Congo red. Under this setting, the Congo red degradation rate was measured to be 35.67%, the quantum efficiency was 2.45%, and the unit energy consumption was 0.92kWh / m 3 Under the conditions of traditional light source and fixed light field distribution, the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of Congo red is low and the energy consumption is high.

[0051] After the LED holographic projection system is configured for the first time, the ultraviolet LED light source is distributed around the inside of the photocatalytic reactor, and the light field distribution is precisely controlled by the spatial light modulator. At this time, the water flow rate is adjusted to 3.12L / min, the residence time is extended to 20.78min, the current is increased to 0.84A, and the voltage is reduced to 13.86V. Thanks to the high efficiency and controllability of the LED light source, the Congo red degradation rate is significantly increased to 62.89%, the quantum efficiency is increased to 5.17%, and the unit energy consumption is reduced to 0.76kWh / m 3 This improvement is mainly attributed to the high energy utilization rate and more uniform light field distribution of the LED light source, which enables more consistent illumination of the photocatalyst surface, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0052] Furthermore, the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm was applied for intelligent optimization, and the intelligent control system automatically adjusted the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system, including phase offset, amplitude coefficient, frequency and LED intensity. The optimized light field distribution ensures that the light evenly covers the entire reaction area while maintaining the optimal combination of light intensity and wavelength. Under this optimized condition, the water inlet flow rate was fine-tuned to 3.29L / min, the residence time was 21.94min, the current was stabilized at 0.89A, and the voltage was maintained at 12.97V. The experimental results show that the degradation rate of Congo red reached 84.56%, the quantum efficiency was increased to 7.23%, and the unit energy consumption was further reduced to 0.67kWh / m 3 The RF++ algorithm improves the overall performance by gradually adding weak classifiers, ensuring that each adjustment can maximize the photocatalytic reaction rate while minimizing energy consumption. Figure 5 .

[0053] Embodiment 5:

[0054] The method of distributed LED holographic projection to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue simulated wastewater was evaluated. Under initial conditions, the methylene blue simulated wastewater was treated with a traditional mercury lamp light source, with an inlet flow rate of 2.81L / min, a residence time of 16.92min, a current of 0.74A, and a voltage of 15.13V. The initial pollutant concentration was 35.76mg / L methylene blue. Under this setting, the methylene blue degradation rate was measured to be 42.35%, the quantum efficiency was 2.67%, and the unit energy consumption was 0.88kWh / m 3 Under the conditions of traditional light source and fixed light field distribution, the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue is low and the energy consumption is high.

[0055] After the LED holographic projection system is configured for the first time, the UV LED light source is distributed around the inside of the photocatalytic reactor, and the light field distribution is precisely controlled by the spatial light modulator. At this time, the water flow rate is adjusted to 3.05L / min, the residence time is extended to 19.64min, the current is increased to 0.82A, and the voltage is reduced to 13.65V. Thanks to the high efficiency and controllability of the LED light source, the degradation rate of methylene blue is significantly increased to 68.92%, the quantum efficiency is increased to 5.34%, and the unit energy consumption is reduced to 0.74kWh / m 3 This improvement is mainly attributed to the high energy utilization rate and more uniform light field distribution of the LED light source, which enables more consistent illumination of the photocatalyst surface, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0056] Furthermore, the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm was applied for intelligent optimization, and the intelligent control system automatically adjusted the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system, including phase offset, amplitude coefficient, frequency and LED intensity. The optimized light field distribution ensures that the light evenly covers the entire reaction area while maintaining the optimal combination of light intensity and wavelength. Under this optimized condition, the water inlet flow rate was fine-tuned to 3.23L / min, the residence time was 20.89min, the current was stabilized at 0.87A, and the voltage was maintained at 13.12V. The experimental results show that the degradation rate of methylene blue reached 86.78%, the quantum efficiency was increased to 7.45%, and the unit energy consumption was further reduced to 0.65kWh / m 3 The RF++ algorithm improves the overall performance by gradually adding weak classifiers, ensuring that each adjustment can maximize the photocatalytic reaction rate while minimizing energy consumption. Figure 6 .

[0057] The specific implementation methods described above are only used to specifically illustrate the spirit of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, other implementation methods can certainly be easily made by changing, replacing or modifying the technical contents disclosed in this specification, and these other implementation methods should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the efficiency of photocatalytic reaction by distributed LED holographic projection, characterized in that The method specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1, design and assemble a multi-point distributed LED optical system including a flexible ultraviolet LED light source, a poleless magnetic response power supply system and a spatial light modulator; the ultraviolet LED light source uses LED chips in the UV-A band (365nm), UV-C band (254nm) and visible light auxiliary band (405nm), and the LED single particle power range is 0.5 to 15W, ensuring a sufficiently wide range of adjustable output intervals for exciting photocatalytic reactions; the spatial light modulator has a resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and supports a refresh rate of up to 60 frames per second to achieve precise control of light field distribution; the poleless magnetic response power supply system can provide a continuously variable voltage for the ultraviolet LED light source, ranging from 0V to 36V, and has a fast response time at the microsecond level to adapt to different light intensity requirements; Step 2, construct a closed photocatalytic reactor with an aspect ratio of 3:1, a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 60 cm; the ultraviolet LED light source is distributed around the inside of the photocatalytic reactor; the reactor is provided with a feed port and a discharge port, the feed port is located on one side of the bottom of the reactor, made of stainless steel, with a quick connector for easy connection to an external feeding system, the inlet pipe diameter is 10 mm, and the flow control range is 0.1-5 L / min; the discharge port is located on the other side of the top, and is also controlled by a stainless steel valve to ensure smooth discharge of the product; the dispersion system is composed of a porous distributor to prevent channeling, short circuit, open circuit and other problems caused by direct feeding; the reaction temperature is maintained by circulating cooling water in the jacket, the cooling water flow rate is 0.5-2 L / min, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5℃, the operating temperature range is from room temperature to 100℃; the exhaust port is set at the top of the reactor, with a diameter of 8mm, and is equipped with a gas filter to prevent the escape of harmful gases; the photocatalytic parallel multi-tube plate, the substrate is made of high-transparency borosilicate glass, the shape is a hollow tube, the outer diameter is 10mm, the inner diameter is 8mm, and the bottom layer is loaded with a layer of Au film by ion sputtering, with a thickness of 1μm, which plays a protective role; the middle layer is a nanoparticle coating of a mixture of defective ZnO and hexagonal wurtzite structure ZnO (mass ratio is 4:1), which is loaded by supersonic flame sintering method, with a thickness of 1-2μm, as the main photocatalytic active layer; the surface layer is Ti2N3, obtained by ion sputtering method, with a thickness of 50nm, which can protect the photocatalytic active layer; Step 3, during the reaction, key parameters are monitored in real time, including temperature (25°C ± 0.5°C), pH value (6.5 to 7.5) and dissolved oxygen concentration (0.5 to 1.5 mg / L), as well as changes in the concentrations of reaction raw materials and products; online analytical instruments, including gas chromatograph (GC), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), etc., are used to obtain accurate data; in addition, fluorescent probe technology is used to directly measure changes in free radical concentration in the solution to evaluate the dynamic behavior and mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction; Step 4, using a high-speed USB3.2 interface in conjunction with a high-performance embedded processor to generate a stable holographic image, ensuring that the image refresh rate reaches more than 60 frames per second, so as to achieve continuous and undistorted holographic images projected into the transparent container containing the reactants; adjusting the holographic image parameters, including phase offset (0 to 2π), amplitude coefficient (0.1 to 1.0) and frequency (1kHz to 1MHz); using a spectrometer to measure the kinetic characteristics of the photocatalytic reaction under different conditions, and determine the light field setting scheme; using the OpenCV library in Python to define the light field pattern in the target area, and converting this pattern into corresponding hologram data through the Fourier transform algorithm; after transmitting to the spatial light modulator, it is converted into an actual physical light field to form a uniform and stable three-dimensional light field in the transparent container; optimizing the light field setting, using the Gerchberg-Saxton iterative method phase recovery algorithm (Phase Retrieval Algorithm) to ensure that the generated hologram again produces the expected light intensity distribution at the specified position, with an error of no more than ±5%; Step 5: Calculate the quantum efficiency, apparent rate constant and yield of the photocatalytic reaction based on the collected data to form a training set of relevant reaction parameters, apply the enhanced random forest (RF++) algorithm for data autonomous learning and prediction, add a feature selection module, introduce the Boosting mechanism in ensemble learning, and gradually increase weak classifiers to improve the overall performance; according to the prediction results of the RF++ model, the intelligent control system automatically adjusts the output parameters of the multi-point distributed LED optical system, adjusts the phase offset (0 to 2π), amplitude coefficient (0.1 to 1.0), frequency (1kHz to 1MHz), LED intensity (0.5 to 15W), and optimizes the LED array layout to ensure uniform light distribution; maintain the set value stable through the PID controller, and the error does not exceed ±0.05W / cm 2 Based on the above autonomous learning, a computational model of the distributed LED holographic projection photocatalytic reactor is formed, and the optimal light field setting parameters for specific reactions are given.

2. A method for improving photocatalytic reaction efficiency by distributed LED holographic projection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring reaction process described in step 3 also includes the use of fluorescent probe technology to directly measure the change in the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the solution to evaluate the dynamic behavior and mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction; the fluorescent probe is 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), the detection wavelength is 488nm excitation light, 525nm emission light, and the sensitivity reaches 10 -9 M can reflect the number of reactive oxygen species produced during the reaction process in real time.

3. A method for improving photocatalytic reaction efficiency by distributed LED holographic projection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of irradiating the reactants described in step 4 also includes setting multiple reflective mirrors to increase the length of the light path and expand the effective irradiation area, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate; the reflective mirrors are aluminum-plated with a reflectivity higher than 95%, and the arrangement angle is 45° to 60°, so that the complexity of the light path is increased but the loss is minimized, ultimately achieving effective utilization of light energy.

4. A method for improving photocatalytic reaction efficiency by distributed LED holographic projection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The creation of a three-dimensional light field described in step 4 also includes the introduction of an autofocus mechanism to adapt to target areas of different depths, ensuring the consistency of the focus position during each projection, and improving the accuracy of the light field distribution; the autofocus mechanism is based on the principle of laser ranging, with an accuracy of up to ±10μm and a response time of milliseconds, ensuring precise positioning of the light field.

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