Method for extracting mineral substances by utilizing edible mushroom waste
By pretreating bacterial residue under high pressure conditions, combined with step-by-step enzymatic lysis and ultrasonic assisted enzymatic lysis, the problem of low yield of bacterial residue extracts in the prior art was solved, and efficient and convenient nutrient extraction and extract purification were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510178820.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, when pretreatment of bacterial residues using a single extraction method, the active ingredients in the bacterial residues cannot be fully treated, resulting in a decrease in the yield of subsequent nutrient extraction.
By pretreating the bacterial residue under high pressure conditions, its degradation efficiency is improved, and combined with step-by-step enzymatic lysis and ultrasonic assisted enzymatic lysis, the extraction of nutrients in the bacterial residue is enhanced.
The yield of bacterial residue extract is improved, the efficiency of nutrient extraction is enhanced, and subsequent extraction engineering operations are simplified, and the purity of the extract is improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119972732A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus waste extraction, in particular to a method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's edible fungi industry, the output of edible fungi has also been increasing. The production of edible fungi requires a large amount of cultivation substrate, the main substrate materials are sawdust, straw, corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, and various minerals.
[0003] However, during the growth process of edible fungi, the organic matter, minerals and other nutrients in the cultivation matrix cannot be completely decomposed and utilized, so a large amount of waste is generated. The organic solid waste generated after a series of decomposition processes is called fungus residue, also known as fungus residue, mushroom residue, fungus bran and scraps, which contains mycelium residues of edible fungi, crude fiber whose structure has undergone qualitative changes after enzymatic hydrolysis and other nutritional complexes.
[0004] Studies have shown that every 1kg of fresh edible fungi can produce 1.62-5.00kg of fungus residue (wet weight). As a waste material after the cultivation of edible fungi, although most of the carbohydrate nutrients are absorbed by the edible fungi, there are still a lot of lignin, cellulose and protein contained in the mycelium. It is rich in trace elements such as n, p, and k, as well as crude fat, crude fiber, crude polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, etc. Its nutritional value cannot be ignored. In addition, a large amount of mold remains in the contaminated fungus residue during the cultivation of edible fungi. If it is discarded at will, it will pollute the soil and water, and then cause secondary pollution of the environment, posing a safety hazard to humans and livestock.
[0005] At present, the utilization rate of mushroom residue is extremely low. Except for a small part that is used as soil fertilizer and seedling substrate, most of it is directly discarded or incinerated. On the one hand, the miscellaneous bacteria in the mushroom residue will enter the soil and water bodies, and the incineration will produce a lot of smoke and dust, polluting the surrounding environment; on the other hand, the mushroom residue is also rich in nutrients. Due to the lack of effective utilization of resources, a large amount of bioenergy will be wasted.
[0006] However, when a single extraction method is used to pretreat the residue, the extraction process of the nutrients in the residue cannot fully process and degrade the residue, and the active ingredients in the residue cannot be fully released, resulting in a decrease in the yield of subsequent nutrient extraction.
[0007] To this end, those skilled in the art have proposed a method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste to solve the problems raised in the background art. Summary of the invention
[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for extracting minerals using edible fungus waste, so as to solve the problem that when a single extraction method is used to pre-treat the fungus residue, the extraction process of various nutrients in the fungus residue cannot fully treat and degrade the fungus residue, and the active ingredients in the fungus residue cannot be fully released, resulting in a decrease in the yield of subsequent extracted nutrients.
[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0010] A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste, the method comprising the following steps:
[0011] Step 1: Select edible fungus cultivation residues, cut off impurities in the residues (including the soil at the roots and the ends of the fungus stems), use an oven to dry the residues, and crush the residues to obtain the residue raw materials;
[0012] Step 2: Screening the mushroom residue raw materials, performing screening treatment, removing large particles and other garbage, and obtaining processed mushroom residue;
[0013] Step 3: adding the treated fungus residue to the medium, and then placing it in a high-pressure container for pressure treatment to obtain pressurized fungus residue;
[0014] Step 4: Mix the pressurized fungus residue with the extract for 1-2 hours to obtain a mixed raw material, separate the extract and the residue by filtering to obtain a filtered extract;
[0015] Step 5: placing the filtered extract in an ultrasonic reactor, adding different complex enzymes to the filtered extract step by step, and performing step-by-step enzymolysis: (1) adding complex polysaccharide enzyme for hydrolysis at a temperature of 40-60° C. for 1-2 h; (2) adding protease for hydrolysis at a temperature of 40-60° C. for 2-3 h, to obtain an enzymolysis mixed solution;
[0016] Step 6: Heat the enzymatic mixed solution to 70-80°C and maintain for 10-15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme;
[0017] Step 7: Then centrifuge at a speed of 4000-4500 r / min for 10-15 min, collect the supernatant, purify the supernatant to obtain a purified body, dry the purified body to obtain the final extract.
[0018] Preferably, in step 1, the mushroom residue is crushed to a particle size of 60-120 mesh.
[0019] Preferably, in step three, the pressure range is 0.05-0.25 MPa, the temperature is 120-130° C., and the time is 10-40 min.
[0020] Preferably, in step 4, the mixing ratio of the pressurized fungus residue and the extract is fungus residue: extract = 1: (4.5-5.5).
[0021] Preferably, the extract in step 4 comprises water and ethanol, wherein the concentration of ethanol as the extract is 50-70°.
[0022] Preferably, in step five, the overall ultrasonic temperature is 40-70° C., the overall ultrasonic time is 3-5 h, and the ultrasonic power is 100 W-500 W.
[0023] Preferably, the complex polysaccharide enzyme in the stepwise enzymolysis step (1) in step 5 comprises pectinase, β-glucanase and cellulase, and the volume ratio of the three is 2:1:1, and the enzyme addition amount is 1.0%.
[0024] Preferably, in the step five, the amount of protease added in the step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis step (2) is 1.5%.
[0025] Preferably, during the stepwise enzymolysis in step 5, an acid-base solution and a buffer solution are used to adjust the pH value to 4.5-6.5.
[0026] Preferably, in step seven, the supernatant is purified by separation using a crystallization method.
[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0028] The present invention can improve the degradation efficiency of the fungus residue by pretreating the fungus residue under high pressure conditions, so that the active ingredients in the fungus residue are fully released, and the yield of the subsequent fungus residue extract is improved; in the enzymatic hydrolysis process, firstly, a composite polysaccharide enzyme (pectinase, β-glucanase and cellulase) is used to perform the first step of enzymatic hydrolysis under certain conditions, and then alkaline extraction is performed, and then a protease is used to perform the second step of enzymatic hydrolysis under certain conditions to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysis mixed solution, and the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency is improved through step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis, and the overall enzymatic hydrolysis process is assisted by ultrasound to strengthen the extraction of nutrients in the fungus residue and accelerate the heat transfer and mass transfer process, which can reduce the overall extraction time, make the subsequent extraction engineering operation more convenient, improve the extraction rate, and further improve the yield of the fungus residue extract, and finally purify to ensure the purity of the target extract. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0030] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] As attached Figure 1 As shown:
[0033] Embodiment 1:
[0034] The present invention provides a method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste, and the method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste comprises the following steps:
[0035] Step 1: Select edible fungus cultivation residues, cut off impurities in the residues (including the soil at the roots and the ends of the fungus stems), use an oven to dry the residues, and crush the residues to obtain the residue raw materials;
[0036] Specifically, in the step 1, the mushroom residue is crushed to a particle size of 100 meshes.
[0037] Step 2: Screening the mushroom residue raw materials, performing screening treatment, removing large particles and other garbage, and obtaining processed mushroom residue;
[0038] Step 3: adding the treated fungus residue to the medium, and then placing it in a high-pressure container for pressure treatment to obtain pressurized fungus residue;
[0039] Specifically, in step three, the pressure is 0.2 MPa, the temperature is 120° C., and the time is 40 min.
[0040] Step 4: Mix the pressurized fungus residue with the extract for 1 hour to obtain a mixed raw material, separate the extract and the residue by filtering to obtain a filtered extract;
[0041] Specifically, in step 4, the mixing ratio of the pressurized mushroom residue and the extract is mushroom residue: extract = 1: (4.5-5.5).
[0042] Specifically, the extract in step 4 includes water and ethanol, wherein the concentration of ethanol as the extract is 60°.
[0043] Step 5: placing the filtered extract in an ultrasonic reactor, adding different complex enzymes to the filtered extract step by step, and performing step-by-step enzymolysis: (1) adding complex polysaccharide enzyme for hydrolysis at a temperature of 60°C for 2 hours; (2) adding protease for hydrolysis at a temperature of 60°C for 2 hours, to obtain an enzymolysis mixed solution;
[0044] Specifically, in step 5, the overall ultrasonic temperature is 50° C., the overall ultrasonic time is 4 h, and the ultrasonic power is 300 W.
[0045] Specifically, the composite polysaccharide enzyme in the stepwise enzymolysis step (1) in step 5 includes pectinase, β-glucanase and cellulase, and the volume ratio of the three is 2:1:1, and the enzyme addition amount is 1.0%.
[0046] Specifically, in the step 5, the amount of protease added in the step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis step (2) is 1.5%.
[0047] Specifically, during the stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis in step 5, an acid-base solution and a buffer solution are used to adjust the pH value to 5.
[0048] Step 6: Heat the enzymatic mixed solution to 75°C and maintain it for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme;
[0049] Step 7: Then centrifuge at a speed of 4500 r / min for 15 min, collect the supernatant, purify the supernatant to obtain a purified body, and dry the purified body to obtain the final extract.
[0050] Specifically, in step seven, the supernatant is purified by separation using a crystallization method.
[0051] From the above, it can be seen that the mushroom residue is first crushed to a particle size of 100 mesh, and the 100-mesh mushroom residue raw material is then screened to remove particles with larger crushing sizes and other garbage to ensure the purity of subsequent extracts. Under high-pressure conditions of 0.2 MPa and 120°C, the mushroom residue is pressurized for 40 minutes to improve the degradation efficiency of the mushroom residue, fully release the active ingredients in the mushroom residue, and increase the yield of subsequent mushroom residue extracts.
[0052] Embodiment 2:
[0053] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that different extraction conditions are adopted in the step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis step. The pressure in step three is 0.2 MPa, the temperature is 120° C., and the time is 40 min, which are fixed conditions in this embodiment.
[0054] The present invention provides a method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste, and the method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste comprises the following steps:
[0055] Step 1: Select edible fungus cultivation residues, cut off impurities in the residues (including the soil at the roots and the ends of the fungus stems), use an oven to dry the residues, and crush the residues to obtain the residue raw materials;
[0056] Specifically, in the step 1, the mushroom residue is crushed to a particle size of 100 meshes.
[0057] Step 2: Screening the mushroom residue raw materials, performing screening treatment, removing large particles and other garbage, and obtaining processed mushroom residue;
[0058] Step 3: adding the treated fungus residue to the medium, and then placing it in a high-pressure container for pressure treatment to obtain pressurized fungus residue;
[0059] Specifically, in step three, the pressure is 0.2 MPa, the temperature is 120° C., and the time is 40 min.
[0060] Step 4: Mix the pressurized fungus residue with the extract for 1 hour to obtain a mixed raw material, separate the extract and the residue by filtering to obtain a filtered extract;
[0061] Specifically, in step 4, the mixing ratio of the pressurized mushroom residue and the extract is mushroom residue: extract = 1: (4.5-5.5).
[0062] Specifically, the extract in step 4 includes water and ethanol, wherein the concentration of ethanol as the extract is 60°.
[0063] Step 5: placing the filtered extract in an ultrasonic reactor, adding different complex enzymes to the filtered extract step by step, and performing step-by-step enzymolysis: (1) adding complex polysaccharide enzyme for hydrolysis at a temperature of 50°C for 2 hours; (2) adding protease for hydrolysis at a temperature of 50°C for 3 hours, to obtain an enzymolysis mixed solution;
[0064] Specifically, in step 5, the overall ultrasonic temperature is 60° C., the overall ultrasonic time is 5 h, and the ultrasonic power is 350 W.
[0065] Specifically, the composite polysaccharide enzyme in the stepwise enzymolysis step (1) in step 5 includes pectinase, β-glucanase and cellulase, and the volume ratio of the three is 2:1:1, and the enzyme addition amount is 1.0%.
[0066] Specifically, in the step 5, the amount of protease added in the step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis step (2) is 1.5%.
[0067] Specifically, during the stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis in step 5, an acid-base solution and a buffer solution are used to adjust the pH value to 5.5.
[0068] Step 6: Heat the enzymatic mixed solution to 75°C and maintain it for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme;
[0069] Step 7: Then centrifuge at a speed of 4500 r / min for 15 min, collect the supernatant, purify the supernatant to obtain a purified body, and dry the purified body to obtain the final extract.
[0070] Specifically, in step seven, the supernatant is purified by separation using a crystallization method.
[0071] From the above, it can be seen that in the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the first step of enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out using a complex polysaccharide enzyme (pectinase, β-glucanase and cellulase) under certain conditions, then alkaline extraction is carried out, and then the second step of enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out using protease under certain conditions to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysis mixed solution. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency is improved through step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis. The overall enzymatic hydrolysis process is assisted by ultrasound to enhance the extraction of nutrients in the fungus residue, accelerate the heat transfer and mass transfer process, reduce the overall extraction time, make subsequent extraction engineering operations more convenient, improve the extraction rate, and further improve the yield of fungus residue extract.
[0072] Embodiment three:
[0073] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except for the enzyme inactivation conditions, centrifugation conditions and purification method. In step three, the pressure is 0.2 MPa, the temperature is 120°C, and the time is 40 min. The conditions used in the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis process are the fixed conditions in this embodiment.
[0074] The present invention provides a method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste, and the method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste comprises the following steps:
[0075] Step 1: Select edible fungus cultivation residues, cut off impurities in the residues (including the soil at the roots and the ends of the fungus stems), use an oven to dry the residues, and crush the residues to obtain the residue raw materials;
[0076] Specifically, in the step 1, the mushroom residue is crushed to a particle size of 100 meshes.
[0077] Step 2: Screening the mushroom residue raw materials, performing screening treatment, removing large particles and other garbage, and obtaining processed mushroom residue;
[0078] Step 3: adding the treated fungus residue to the medium, and then placing it in a high-pressure container for pressure treatment to obtain pressurized fungus residue;
[0079] Specifically, in step three, the pressure is 0.2 MPa, the temperature is 120° C., and the time is 40 min.
[0080] Step 4: Mix the pressurized fungus residue with the extract for 1 hour to obtain a mixed raw material, separate the extract and the residue by filtering to obtain a filtered extract;
[0081] Specifically, in step 4, the mixing ratio of the pressurized mushroom residue and the extract is mushroom residue: extract = 1: (4.5-5.5).
[0082] Specifically, the extract in step 4 includes water and ethanol, wherein the concentration of ethanol as the extract is 60°.
[0083] Step 5: placing the filtered extract in an ultrasonic reactor, adding different complex enzymes to the filtered extract step by step, and performing step-by-step enzymolysis: (1) adding complex polysaccharide enzyme for hydrolysis at a temperature of 50°C for 2 hours; (2) adding protease for hydrolysis at a temperature of 50°C for 3 hours, to obtain an enzymolysis mixed solution;
[0084] Specifically, in step 5, the overall ultrasonic temperature is 60° C., the overall ultrasonic time is 5 h, and the ultrasonic power is 350 W.
[0085] Specifically, the composite polysaccharide enzyme in the stepwise enzymolysis step (1) in step 5 includes pectinase, β-glucanase and cellulase, and the volume ratio of the three is 2:1:1, and the enzyme addition amount is 1.0%.
[0086] Specifically, in the step 5, the amount of protease added in the step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis step (2) is 1.5%.
[0087] Specifically, during the stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis in step 5, an acid-base solution and a buffer solution are used to adjust the pH value to 5.5.
[0088] Step 6: Heat the enzymatic mixed solution to 80°C and keep it for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme;
[0089] Step 7: Then centrifuge at a speed of 4500 r / min for 10 min, collect the supernatant, purify the supernatant to obtain a purified body, and dry the purified body to obtain the final extract.
[0090] Specifically, in step seven, the supernatant is purified by separation using a crystallization method.
[0091] From the above, it can be seen that after ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzymatic mixed solution is heated to 75° to inactivate the enzyme, and then centrifuged under certain conditions. After centrifugation, the supernatant is collected, and then the supernatant is further purified by a chromatographic purification method to improve the concentration and purity of the target extract, and finally dried to obtain the final extract.
[0092] In summary, pretreatment of mushroom residue under high pressure conditions can improve the degradation efficiency of the mushroom residue, fully release the active ingredients in the mushroom residue, and increase the yield of subsequent mushroom residue extracts. Then, through step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency is improved. The overall enzymatic hydrolysis process is assisted by ultrasound to enhance the extraction of nutrients in the mushroom residue, accelerate the heat and mass transfer process, and further improve the yield of the mushroom residue extract. Finally, purification is carried out to ensure the purity of the target extract.
[0093] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claim involved.
[0094] The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste, characterized in that: The method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select edible fungus cultivation residues, cut off impurities in the residues (including the soil at the roots and the ends of the fungus stems), use an oven to dry the residues, and crush the residues to obtain the residue raw materials; Step 2: Screening the mushroom residue raw materials, performing screening treatment, removing large particles and other garbage, and obtaining processed mushroom residue; Step 3: adding the treated fungus residue to the medium, and then placing it in a high-pressure container for pressure treatment to obtain pressurized fungus residue; Step 4: Mix the pressurized fungus residue with the extract for 1-2 hours to obtain a mixed raw material, separate the extract and the residue by filtering to obtain a filtered extract; Step 5: placing the filtered extract in an ultrasonic reactor, adding different complex enzymes to the filtered extract step by step, and performing step-by-step enzymolysis: (1) adding complex polysaccharide enzyme for hydrolysis at a temperature of 40-60° C. for 1-2 h; (2) adding protease for hydrolysis at a temperature of 40-60° C. for 2-3 h, to obtain an enzymolysis mixed solution; Step 6: Heat the enzymatic mixed solution to 70-80°C and maintain for 10-15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme; Step 7: Then centrifuge at a speed of 4000-4500 r / min for 10-15 min, collect the supernatant, purify the supernatant to obtain a purified body, dry the purified body to obtain the final extract.
2. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the mushroom residue is crushed to a particle size of 60-120 meshes.
3. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure range in step 3 is 0.05-0.25 MPa, the temperature is 120-130° C., and the time is 10-40 min.
4. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing ratio of the pressurized fungus residue and the extract in the step 4 is fungus residue: extract = 1: (4.5-5.5).
5. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The extract in step 4 includes water and ethanol, wherein the concentration of ethanol as the extract is 50-70°.
6. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, the overall ultrasonic temperature is 40-70° C., the overall ultrasonic time is 3-5 h, and the ultrasonic power is 100 W-500 W.
7. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, the composite polysaccharide enzyme in the stepwise enzymolysis step (1) includes pectinase, β-glucanase and cellulase, and the volume ratio of the three is 2:1:1, and the enzyme addition amount is 1.0%.
8. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, the amount of protease added in the stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis step (2) is 1.5%.
9. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, during the stepwise enzymolysis, an acid-base solution and a buffer solution are used to adjust the pH value to 4.5-6.
5.
10. A method for extracting minerals from edible fungus waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step seven, the supernatant is purified by separation using a crystallization method.