Turning and grinding integrated machining device for agricultural machine main shaft

Abstract

The invention provides an agricultural machine spindle turning and grinding integrated machining device, and relates to the technical field of combined machining. The turning and grinding integrated machining device for the agricultural machine spindle comprises the agricultural machine spindle, an air compressor, a machine tool and a supporting device arranged in the machine tool and used for supporting the agricultural machine spindle to avoid bending. According to the invention, a non-contact air floatation supporting structure is used for replacing traditional mechanical contact type supporting, so that the frictional loss between a cutter and a workpiece is thoroughly eliminated, and the problems of surface scratches and thermal deformation are solved; supporting pressure and gas film distribution are adjusted in real time based on the machining working condition, cutting force changes are dynamically matched, workpiece indentation caused by too tight supporting or vibration deviation caused by too loose supporting is avoided, bending deformation of the middle section of the long and thin main shaft is effectively restrained, the machining coaxiality and the circle run-out precision are guaranteed, and the machining precision is improved by monitoring workpiece bending deformation and supporting pressure in real time. The problem of precision fluctuation caused by the fact that traditional equipment depends on manual experience is solved, and it is guaranteed that high precision of long-axis workpieces is kept in the continuous machining process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of combined processing, and in particular to a turning and grinding integrated processing device for a main shaft of an agricultural machinery. Background Art

[0002] The main shaft of agricultural machinery is the core connecting component of agricultural machinery power transmission and rotating working devices (such as soil breaking pieces and harvesting knives). Its processing accuracy directly affects the efficiency of mechanical operation. For large-scale planting areas, agricultural machinery often uses slender main shafts (length-to-diameter ratio ≥ 30) to expand the working width.

[0003] Although the existing turning and grinding machine tools have improved efficiency through the integration of "turning area + grinding area", the problem of the middle section of the spindle bending due to its own weight is particularly prominent when processing the above-mentioned slender spindle. Although the traditional tool rest can move with the tool rest, its contact support has the following defects: severe mechanical wear: continuous friction between the tool and the spindle surface causes scratches on the processed surface (especially for hardened workpieces), and the fluctuation of support pressure is easy to cause vibration errors; poor adaptability: the tool rest can only passively follow the movement of the tool, and cannot adjust the support height and pressure at a fixed point according to the dynamic deformation of the spindle, resulting in the risk of support failure; lack of dynamic adjustment: the support pressure is fixed and cannot be adjusted in real time according to the changes in the cutting force of the turning / grinding process, resulting in a mismatch between the support force and the processing requirements; lack of detection and control logic: the existing equipment relies on manual experience to adjust the support parameters, lacks a closed-loop feedback mechanism, and cannot monitor the spindle deflection deformation and support pressure in real time, resulting in fluctuations in processing accuracy.

[0004] There is an urgent need for a processing device that combines non-contact support, dynamic pressure regulation and closed-loop control to solve the problems of bending deformation and loss of precision control in slender spindle processing. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a turning and grinding device for an agricultural machinery main shaft, which solves the problems of severe mechanical wear, poor adaptability, lack of dynamic adjustment and missing detection and control logic in the supporting structure used in the turning and grinding equipment in the prior art when processing slender main shafts.

[0006] (II) Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an integrated turning and grinding processing device for an agricultural machinery spindle, comprising an agricultural machinery spindle, an air compressor, a machine tool and a supporting device arranged inside the machine tool for supporting the agricultural machinery spindle to prevent bending. The machine tool is composed of a bed, a spindle box, a slide box, a large carriage, a tailstock, a power device and a control device. The spindle box is arranged on the left side of the bed, and a slide rail is arranged on the wall of the bed. The large carriage and the tailstock are both arranged on the upper wall of the slide rail and the large carriage is located on the left side of the tailstock. The large carriage is connected to the power device through the slide box, and a chuck and a center for clamping and fixing the agricultural machinery spindle are respectively arranged between the opposite ends of the spindle box and the tailstock, and a turning tool holder and a grinding head box are respectively arranged on the wall of the large carriage and near the front and rear ends. The supporting device comprises a slide and two groups of supporting components, and the slide is slidably connected between the opposite sides of the spindle box and the tailstock and is located on the connection line between the chuck, the center and the large carriage Between the upper and lower surfaces, the two groups of support components are distributed on the left and right and are arranged in sequence on the upper wall of the slide. The two groups of support components are both located between the chuck and the top. The support components include a rectangular frame, a base plate, a seat cover, a lifting column, a support plate, a wear-resistant plate for supporting the main shaft of the agricultural machinery, an air flotation structure for reducing friction when the wear-resistant plate supports the outer wall of the main shaft of the agricultural machinery, a plurality of groups of air holes arranged on the inner walls of the support plate and the wear-resistant plate, and a plurality of groups of metal meshes arranged inside the air flotation structure for mixing air. The side cross-sections of the support plate and the wear-resistant plate are both C-shaped, and the plurality of groups of air holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the C-shaped inner wall. The air pressure adjustment range of the air flotation structure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and it is dynamically matched according to the cutting force of the turning or grinding process. The two groups of support components are coordinated and alternately activated through a control device to adapt to changes in the outer diameter of the workpiece during processing. The apertures of the plurality of metal meshes are 0.1-0.5mm, and are distributed in a gradient that decreases step by step along the air flow direction.

[0007] Preferably, the rectangular frame is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the slide platform, the base plate is slidably connected to the upper wall of the rectangular frame by a guide structure, the lower wall of the base plate is provided with a connecting rod, the end of the connecting rod away from the base plate passes through the upper wall of the rectangular frame and extends into the interior of the rectangular frame, a lifting driving structure for driving the connecting rod to rise and fall is provided inside the rectangular frame, a first detection structure for detecting the axial movement distance of the connecting rod is provided between the connecting rod and the upper wall inside the rectangular frame, a second detection structure for detecting the supporting pressure is provided between the connecting rod and the base plate, the seat cover is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the base plate, a first countersunk hole penetrating the upper wall of the seat cover is provided inside the seat cover, a second countersunk hole is provided on the lower wall inside the first countersunk hole, the top-view cross-sectional area of ​​the second countersunk hole is smaller than the top-view cross-sectional area of ​​the first countersunk hole, the lifting column is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first countersunk hole, and the lifting The upper end of the lowering column extends toward the upper side of the seat cover, the lifting column and the seat cover are locked by screws, a through cavity is arranged inside the lifting column and is through-connected from top to bottom, the lifting column and the seat cover are sealed by a sealing member, a sealing groove is arranged on the inner side wall of the first countersunk hole, and the sealing member is arranged on the inner side wall of the sealing groove, the support plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lifting column, and the wear-resistant plate is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the support plate, the air flotation structure comprises an air pipe joint and a bracket, the air pipe joint is threadedly connected to the front wall of the seat cover, the end of the air pipe joint away from the seat cover is connected to the air compressor through an air pipe, the inside of the second countersunk hole is connected to the air compressor through the air pipe joint and the air pipe, the bracket is clamped on the inner side wall of the second countersunk hole and the horizontal height of the lower end of the bracket is higher than the air pipe joint, multiple groups of the metal meshes are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the bracket, and multiple groups of the air holes are connected to the through cavity inside the lifting column.

[0008] Preferably, two groups of sliding rods are arranged between the opposite sides of the spindle box and the tailstock, the two groups of sliding rods are distributed front to back, the ends of the two groups of sliding rods facing the spindle box are fixedly connected to the right wall of the spindle box through a group of fixing seats, the ends of the two groups of sliding rods away from the spindle box penetrate the tailstock and are slidably connected thereto, a section of the outer wall of the two groups of sliding rods located between the spindle box and the tailstock penetrates the inner wall of the slide and are slidably connected in unison, the sliding rod and the slide as well as the sliding rod and the tailstock are respectively locked by a group of screws, the radial cross-section of the sliding rod is oblong, and the vertical direction of the cross-section is larger than the left and right direction of the cross-section.

[0009] Preferably, the guide structure includes two groups of guide rods, both of which are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the base plate and are respectively located on the left and right sides of the connecting rod, and both ends of the two groups of guide rods away from the base plate penetrate the upper wall of the rectangular frame and are slidably connected thereto.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting drive structure is an electric telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the lower wall inside the rectangular frame, and the extended shaft end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod extending into the rectangular frame.

[0011] Preferably, the first detection structure includes a linear displacement sensor and a connecting ring, the linear displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the inner upper wall of the rectangular frame and is located on the left side of the connecting rod, the linear displacement sensor is composed of a sensor body and a slider slidably connected to the sensor body, the connecting ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting rod, and the outer wall of the connecting ring is fixedly connected to the slider.

[0012] Preferably, the second detection structure is a pressure sensor, and a mounting groove penetrating the upper wall of the substrate is provided inside the substrate, and one end of the connecting rod toward the substrate passes through the inner wall of the substrate and extends into the mounting groove, and the pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod extending into the mounting groove and the upper wall of the pressure sensor abuts against the lower wall of the seat cover.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the C-shaped inner arc of the support plate and the wear-resistant plate is equal to the C-shaped radius.

[0014] Preferably, the wear-resistant sheet is made of silicon carbide ceramic, and the roughness of the inner wall is Ra≤0.4 μm.

[0015] Preferably, a dustproof shell is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the base plate and is located outside the rectangular frame, and the outer wall of the rectangular frame is slidably connected to the inner wall of the dustproof shell.

[0016] (III) Beneficial effects The present invention provides a turning and grinding integrated processing device for a main shaft of an agricultural machinery. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with the existing technology, the agricultural machinery spindle turning and grinding integrated processing device replaces the traditional mechanical contact support with a non-contact air floating support structure, completely eliminating the friction loss between the tool and the workpiece, solving the surface scratches and thermal deformation problems caused by mechanical contact in high-speed processing, and is especially suitable for the precision grinding process of hardened workpieces, significantly improving the processing surface quality; 2. Compared with the existing technology, the agricultural machinery spindle turning and grinding integrated processing device can adjust the support pressure and air film distribution in real time based on the processing conditions (such as turning / grinding process switching), dynamically match the cutting force changes, avoid the workpiece indentation caused by too tight support or vibration deviation caused by too loose support, effectively suppress the bending deformation of the middle section of the slender spindle with an aspect ratio of ≥30, and ensure the processing coaxiality and circular runout accuracy; 3. Compared with the existing technology, the agricultural machinery spindle turning and grinding integrated processing device builds a closed-loop system for adaptive adjustment of processing parameters by real-time monitoring of the workpiece flexural deformation and support pressure, solves the problem of accuracy fluctuation caused by traditional equipment relying on manual experience, and ensures that long-axis workpieces maintain high precision during continuous processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the tailstock, slide table, slide rod and support device of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A; Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the connection structure of the rectangular frame, the base plate and the seat cover of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 It is a partial side cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the seat cover, lifting column, support plate and wear-resistant plate of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a partial sectional view of the inner structure of the seat cover of the present invention.

[0018] Among them, 1. tailstock; 2. fixed seat; 3. sliding rod; 4. slide; 5. dust cover; 6. base plate; 601. mounting groove; 7. seat cover; 701. first countersunk hole; 702. second countersunk hole; 703. sealing groove; 8. lifting column; 9. support plate; 10. wear-resistant plate; 11. air hole; 12. air pipe joint; 13. rectangular frame; 14. electric telescopic rod; 15. connecting rod; 16. guide rod; 17. linear displacement sensor; 18. connecting ring; 19. pressure sensor; 20. bracket; 21. metal mesh; 22. seal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example: like Figures 1 to 6As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated turning and grinding processing device for an agricultural machinery main shaft, comprising an agricultural machinery main shaft, an air compressor, a machine tool, and a supporting device arranged inside the machine tool for supporting the agricultural machinery main shaft to prevent bending. The machine tool consists of a bed, a spindle box, a slide box, a large carriage, a tailstock 1, a power device, and a control device. The spindle box is arranged on the left side of the bed, a slide rail is arranged on the wall of the bed, the large carriage and the tailstock 1 are both arranged on the upper wall of the slide rail, and the large carriage is located on the left side of the tailstock 1. The large carriage is connected to the power device through the slide box, and a chuck and a top for clamping and fixing the agricultural machinery main shaft are respectively arranged between the opposite ends of the spindle box and the tailstock 1. The large carriage is on the upper wall and against the tailstock 1. A turning tool rest and a grinding head box are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends. In this embodiment, the bed, the main spindle box, the slide box, the large carriage, the tailstock 1, the power device and the control device are consistent in structure and function with the bed, the main spindle box, the slide box, the large carriage, the tailstock 1, the power device and the control device in the prior art. The turning tool on the turning tool rest on the large carriage is first turned to the semi-finished product size, and then the agricultural machinery main spindle is finely ground to the finished product size by the grinding wheel on the grinding head box. Based on the existing turning and grinding process, the continuity of semi-finished product turning and fine grinding is ensured, providing a processing basis for the subsequent optimization of the supporting device; In order to construct a non-contact air-floating support system and solve the problems of friction damage and dynamic support failure of traditional mechanical supports, the support device includes a slide 4 and two groups of support components. The slide 4 is slidably connected between the opposite sides of the spindle box and the tailstock 1 and is located between the chuck, the center connection line and the upper surface of the large drag plate. The two groups of support components are distributed left and right and are arranged on the upper wall of the slide 4 in sequence. Both groups of support components are located between the chuck and the center. The support components include a rectangular frame 13, a base plate 6, a seat cover 7, a lifting column 8, a support sheet 9, a wear-resistant sheet 10 for supporting the main shaft of the agricultural machinery, and an air bearing 10 for reducing friction when the wear-resistant sheet 10 supports the outer wall of the main shaft of the agricultural machinery. The air flotation structure comprises a plurality of groups of air holes 11 arranged on the inner wall of the support sheet 9 and the wear-resistant sheet 10, and a plurality of groups of metal meshes 21 arranged inside the air flotation structure for mixing air. The side view cross-sections of the support sheet 9 and the wear-resistant sheet 10 are both C-shaped. The plurality of groups of air holes 11 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the C-shaped inner wall. The air pressure adjustment range of the air flotation structure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the two groups of support components are coordinated and alternately activated through a control device according to the dynamic matching of the cutting force of the turning or grinding process to adapt to the change of the outer diameter of the workpiece during the processing. The aperture of the plurality of groups of metal meshes 21 is 0.1-0.5mm, and is distributed in a gradient that decreases step by step along the air flow direction. The air flotation structure uses the metal mesh 21 to gradually stabilize and mix the airflow, so that the compressed air is evenly ejected from the air holes 11 to form a stable air film, avoiding direct contact between the wear-resistant sheet 10 and the spindle surface; the two groups of support components are used alternately. When turning or grinding causes the spindle outer diameter to decrease, the control device switches the support point to ensure that the support always fits the processing area and suppresses the bending deformation of the middle section of the spindle; In order to ensure the smooth lifting process of the substrate 6 and avoid uneven distribution of the air film due to deviation, the rectangular frame 13 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the slide 4, and the substrate 6 is slidably connected to the upper wall of the rectangular frame 13 through a guide structure. The guide structure includes two sets of guide rods 16, and the two sets of guide rods 16 are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the substrate 6 and are respectively located on the left and right sides of the connecting rod 15. The ends of the two sets of guide rods 16 away from the substrate 6 penetrate the upper wall of the rectangular frame 13 and are slidably connected thereto; The guide rod 16 limits the substrate 6 to move only in the vertical direction, preventing the air film from rupturing due to lateral deflection and ensuring the stability of the air floating support; In order to achieve precise adjustment of the height of the wear-resistant sheet 10, a connecting rod 15 is provided on the lower wall of the base plate 6. One end of the connecting rod 15 away from the base plate 6 passes through the upper wall of the rectangular frame 13 and extends into the interior of the rectangular frame 13. A lifting driving structure for driving the connecting rod 15 to rise and fall is provided inside the rectangular frame 13. The lifting driving structure is an electric telescopic rod 14. The electric telescopic rod 14 is fixedly connected to the lower wall inside the rectangular frame 13. The extended shaft end of the electric telescopic rod 14 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod 15 extending into the interior of the rectangular frame 13. The electric telescopic rod 14 drives the connecting rod 15 to rise and fall according to the control command, driving the base plate 6 and the wear-resistant sheet 10 to adjust to the preset height to adapt to the change of the spindle outer diameter at different processing stages; In order to monitor the height of the wear-resistant sheet 10 in real time and ensure the accuracy of the air film gap, a first detection structure for detecting the axial movement distance of the connecting rod 15 is provided between the connecting rod 15 and the inner upper wall of the rectangular frame 13. The first detection structure includes a linear displacement sensor 17 and a connecting ring 18. The linear displacement sensor 17 is fixedly connected to the inner upper wall of the rectangular frame 13 and is located on the left side of the connecting rod 15. The linear displacement sensor 17 is composed of a sensor body and a slider slidably connected to the sensor body. The connecting ring 18 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting rod 15, and the outer wall of the connecting ring 18 is fixedly connected to the slider. The linear displacement sensor 17 moves synchronously with the connecting rod 15 through the connecting ring 18, feeds back the displacement signal to the control device, dynamically corrects the stroke of the electric telescopic rod 14, and maintains a constant thickness of the air film; In order to redundantly verify the air film contact state and prevent non-contact support failure, a second detection structure for detecting the support pressure is provided between the connecting rod 15 and the base plate 6. The second detection structure is a pressure sensor 19. A mounting groove 601 penetrating the upper wall of the base plate 6 is provided inside the base plate 6. One end of the connecting rod 15 facing the base plate 6 penetrates the inner wall of the base plate 6 and extends into the mounting groove 601. The pressure sensor 19 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 15 extending into the mounting groove 601, and the upper wall of the pressure sensor 19 abuts against the lower wall of the seat cover 7. The pressure sensor 19 detects the pressure between the base plate 6 and the seat sleeve 7. If an abnormal pressure is detected (contact force>0), the control device immediately alarms and shuts down the machine to avoid scratches on the spindle surface; In order to construct the core functional module of air floating support and realize uniform distribution and dynamic adjustment of air film, the seat cover 7 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the substrate 6, and a first countersunk hole 701 penetrating the upper wall of the seat cover 7 is arranged inside the seat cover 7, and a second countersunk hole 702 is arranged on the lower wall inside the first countersunk hole 701, and the top-view cross-sectional area of ​​the second countersunk hole 702 is smaller than the top-view cross-sectional area of ​​the first countersunk hole 701, and the lifting column 8 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first countersunk hole 701, and the upper end of the lifting column 8 extends toward the upper side of the seat cover 7, and the lifting column 8 and the seat cover 7 are locked by screws, and a through cavity penetrating from top to bottom is arranged inside the lifting column 8, and the lifting column 8 and the seat cover 7 are sealed by a seal 22, and a sealing groove 703 is arranged on the inner wall of the first countersunk hole 701, and the seal 22 is arranged on the inner wall of the sealing groove 703, so as to support The plate 9 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lifting column 8, the wear-resistant plate 10 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the support plate 9, the air flotation structure includes an air pipe joint 12 and a bracket 20, the air pipe joint 12 is threadedly connected to the front wall of the seat cover 7, and the end of the air pipe joint 12 away from the seat cover 7 is connected to the air compressor through the air pipe, and the inside of the second countersunk hole 702 is connected to the air pipe through the air pipe joint 12 and the air compressor, the bracket 20 is clamped on the inner wall of the second countersunk hole 702 and the lower end of the bracket 20 is higher than the horizontal height of the air pipe joint 12, multiple groups of metal meshes 21 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bracket 20, and multiple groups of air holes 11 are connected to the internal cavity of the lifting column 8, the C-shaped inner arc length of the support plate 9 and the wear-resistant plate 10 is equal to the C-shaped radius, the wear-resistant plate 10 is made of silicon carbide ceramic, and the roughness of the inner wall Ra≤0.4μm; The compressed air enters the second countersunk hole 702 through the air pipe joint 12, flows into the through cavity of the lifting column 8 after being pressure-equalized step by step through the metal mesh 21, and finally sprays out from the air hole 11 to form a circumferentially uniform air film; the seal 22 prevents gas leakage and ensures stable air pressure; the silicon carbide ceramic wear-resistant sheet 10 further reduces air film disturbance and improves support stability; In order to adapt to spindles of different lengths and adjust the support position of the slide 4, two groups of slide bars 3 are arranged between the opposite sides of the main spindle box and the tailstock 1, and the two groups of slide bars 3 are distributed front and back. One end of the two groups of slide bars 3 facing the main spindle box is fixedly connected to the right wall of the main spindle box through a group of fixed seats 2 respectively. The two groups of slide bars 3 penetrate the tailstock 1 away from the end of the main spindle box and are slidably connected thereto. A section of the outer wall of the two groups of slide bars 3 located between the main spindle box and the tailstock 1 penetrates the inner wall of the slide 4 and is slidably connected in unison. The slide bar 3 and the slide 4 and the slide bar 3 and the tailstock 1 are respectively locked by a group of screws. The radial cross-section of the slide bar 3 is an oblong circle, and the up-down direction of the cross-section is larger than the left-right direction of the cross-section. The oblong cross section of the slide bar 3 prevents the slide table 4 from rotating. After loosening the screw, the slide table 4 can be moved axially along the slide bar 3 to below the middle section of the main shaft to ensure that the supporting force action point is located in the area with maximum bending deformation. The cross section of the slide bar 3 in the vertical direction is greater than that in the left and right direction, which significantly improves the bending rigidity and avoids the support deviation caused by torsion when the slide table 4 moves; In order to protect the internal detection and driving components and improve the life of the device, a dust cover 5 is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the base plate 6 and located outside the rectangular frame 13, and the outer wall of the rectangular frame 13 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the dust cover 5; The dustproof cover 5 blocks cutting fluid and debris from entering the rectangular frame 13 , thereby preventing the linear displacement sensor 17 and the electric telescopic rod 14 from failing due to contamination.

[0021] Working principle: In this embodiment, the bed, spindle box, slide box, large carriage, tailstock 1, power device and control device have the same structure and function as the bed, spindle box, slide box, large carriage, tailstock 1, power device and control device in the prior art. The agricultural machinery spindle clamped between the spindle box and the tailstock 1 is first turned to the semi-finished product size by the turning tool on the turning tool holder on the large carriage, and then the agricultural machinery spindle is finely ground to the finished product size by the grinding wheel on the grinding head box. Based on the existing turning and grinding process, the continuity of semi-finished product turning and fine grinding is ensured, providing a processing basis for the subsequent optimization of the support device; air floating structure The metal mesh 21 is used to gradually stabilize and mix the airflow, so that the compressed air is evenly ejected from the air holes 11 to form a stable air film, avoiding direct contact between the wear-resistant sheet 10 and the spindle surface; the two groups of support components are used alternately. When turning or grinding causes the outer diameter of the spindle to decrease, the control device switches the support point to ensure that the support always fits the processing area and suppresses the bending deformation of the middle section of the spindle; the guide rod 16 limits the base plate 6 to move only in the vertical direction to prevent the air film from rupturing due to lateral deflection and ensure the stability of the air floating support; the electric telescopic rod 14 drives the connecting rod 15 up and down according to the control command, driving the base plate 6 and the wear-resistant sheet 10 to adjust to the preset height The linear displacement sensor 17 moves synchronously with the connecting rod 15 through the connecting ring 18, feeds back the displacement signal to the control device, dynamically corrects the stroke of the electric telescopic rod 14, and maintains a constant thickness of the air film; the pressure sensor 19 detects the pressure between the substrate 6 and the seat cover 7. If an abnormal pressure is detected (contact force>0), the control device immediately alarms and shuts down to avoid scratches on the spindle surface; the compressed air enters the second countersunk hole 702 through the air pipe joint 12, flows into the lifting column 8 cavity after step-by-step pressure equalization through the metal mesh 21, and finally sprays out from the air hole 11 to form a circumferentially uniform air film ; The seal 22 prevents gas leakage and ensures stable air pressure; the silicon carbide ceramic wear-resistant sheet 10 further reduces air film disturbance and improves support stability; the oblong cross-section of the slide bar 3 prevents the slide 4 from rotating. After loosening the screws, the slide 4 can be moved axially along the slide bar 3 to the bottom of the middle section of the main shaft to ensure that the support force action point is located in the area with maximum bending deformation. The cross-section of the slide bar 3 is greater in the up and down directions than in the left and right directions, which significantly improves the bending stiffness and avoids support deviation caused by torsion when the slide 4 moves; the dust cover 5 blocks cutting fluid and debris from entering the rectangular frame 13, preventing the linear displacement sensor 17 and the electric telescopic rod 14 from failing due to contamination.

[0022] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A turning and grinding integrated processing device for a main shaft of an agricultural machinery, characterized in that: The invention comprises an agricultural machinery main shaft, an air compressor, a machine tool and a support device arranged inside the machine tool for supporting the agricultural machinery main shaft to prevent bending. The machine tool comprises a bed, a spindle box, a slide box, a large carriage, a tailstock (1), a power device and a control device. The spindle box is arranged on the left side of the bed. A slide rail is arranged on the upper wall of the bed. The large carriage and the tailstock (1) are both arranged on the upper wall of the slide rail and the large carriage is located on the left side of the tailstock (1). The large carriage is connected to the power device via the slide box. The spindle box is connected to the power device via the slide box. A chuck and a center for clamping and fixing the main shaft of the agricultural machinery are respectively arranged between the opposite ends of the tailstock (1); a turning tool holder and a grinding head box are respectively arranged on the upper surface of the large carriage and near the front and rear ends; the supporting device comprises a slide (4) and two groups of supporting components; the slide (4) is slidably connected between the main shaft box and the opposite side of the tailstock (1) and is located between the chuck, the center connection line and the upper surface of the large carriage; the two groups of supporting components are arranged on the upper wall of the slide (4) in a left-right distribution; the two groups of supporting components are both located between the chuck and the center; the supporting components comprise a rectangular frame (13), a base plate (6), a seat cover (7), a lifting column (8), a supporting sheet (9), a wear-resistant sheet (10) for supporting the main shaft of the agricultural machinery, an air-floating structure for reducing friction when the wear-resistant sheet (10) supports the outer wall of the main shaft of the agricultural machinery, a plurality of groups of air holes (11) arranged on the inner walls of the supporting sheet (9) and the wear-resistant sheet (10), and a plurality of groups of metal meshes (21) arranged inside the air-floating structure for mixing air; the supporting sheet (9) The side cross-section of the wear-resistant sheet (10) is C-shaped, and the multiple groups of air holes (11) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the C-shaped inner wall. The air pressure adjustment range of the air floating structure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and it is dynamically matched according to the cutting force of the turning or grinding process. The two groups of support components are coordinated and alternately activated through a control device to adapt to the change in the outer diameter of the workpiece during the processing. The aperture of the multiple groups of metal meshes (21) is 0.1-0.5mm, and is distributed in a gradient that decreases step by step along the air flow direction.

2. The agricultural machinery spindle turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular frame (13) is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the slide (4); the base plate (6) is slidably connected to the upper wall of the rectangular frame (13) via a guide structure; a connecting rod (15) is provided on the lower wall of the base plate (6); an end of the connecting rod (15) away from the base plate (6) penetrates the upper wall of the rectangular frame (13) and extends into the interior of the rectangular frame (13); a lifting drive structure for driving the connecting rod (15) to lift is provided inside the rectangular frame (13); and a first guide for detecting the axial movement distance of the connecting rod (15) is provided between the connecting rod (15) and the inner upper wall of the rectangular frame (13). a detection structure, wherein a second detection structure for detecting the supporting pressure is arranged between the connecting rod (15) and the base plate (6), the seat cover (7) is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the base plate (6), a first countersunk hole (701) penetrating the upper wall of the seat cover (7) is arranged inside the seat cover (7), a second countersunk hole (702) is arranged on the lower wall inside the first countersunk hole (701), the cross-sectional area of ​​the second countersunk hole (702) when viewed from above is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first countersunk hole (701) when viewed from above, the lifting column (8) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first countersunk hole (701), and the upper end of the lifting column (8) faces the upper wall of the first countersunk hole (701). The lifting column (8) and the seat cover (7) are extended to the upper side of the seat cover (7), the lifting column (8) and the seat cover (7) are locked by screws, a through cavity which is through from top to bottom is provided inside the lifting column (8), the lifting column (8) and the seat cover (7) are sealed by a sealing member (22), the inner wall of the first counterbore (701) is provided with a sealing groove (703), the sealing member (22) is arranged on the inner wall of the sealing groove (703), the support sheet (9) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lifting column (8), the wear-resistant sheet (10) is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the support sheet (9), and the air floating structure includes an air pipe joint (12 ) and a bracket (20), the air pipe joint (12) being threadedly connected to the front wall of the seat cover (7), the end of the air pipe joint (12) away from the seat cover (7) being connected to the air compressor via an air pipe, the interior of the second counterbore (702) being connected to the air compressor via the air pipe joint (12), the air pipe, the bracket (20) being clamped on the inner wall of the second counterbore (702) and the lower end of the bracket (20) being higher than the air pipe joint (12), the plurality of groups of the metal mesh (21) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bracket (20), and the plurality of groups of the air holes (11) being connected to the internal cavity of the lifting column (8).

3. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two groups of slide bars (3) are arranged between the opposite sides of the spindle box and the tailstock (1), and the two groups of slide bars (3) are distributed front to back. One end of the two groups of slide bars (3) facing the spindle box is fixedly connected to the right wall of the spindle box through a group of fixed seats (2). One end of the two groups of slide bars (3) away from the spindle box passes through the tailstock (1) and is slidably connected thereto. A section of the outer wall of the two groups of slide bars (3) located between the spindle box and the tailstock (1) passes through the inner wall of the slide table (4) and is slidably connected thereto in unison. The slide bars (3) and the slide table (4) and the slide bars (3) and the tailstock (1) are respectively locked by a group of screws. The radial cross section of the slide bars (3) is an oblong and the cross section in the up-down direction is larger than the cross section in the left-right direction.

4. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide structure comprises two groups of guide rods (16), the two groups of guide rods (16) are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the base plate (6) and are respectively located on the left and right sides of the connecting rod (15), and the ends of the two groups of guide rods (16) away from the base plate (6) penetrate the upper wall of the rectangular frame (13) and are slidably connected thereto.

5. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting drive structure is an electric telescopic rod (14), the electric telescopic rod (14) is fixedly connected to the inner lower wall of the rectangular frame (13), and the extended shaft end of the electric telescopic rod (14) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod (15) extending into the interior of the rectangular frame (13).

6. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first detection structure comprises a linear displacement sensor (17) and a connecting ring (18); the linear displacement sensor (17) is fixedly connected to the inner upper wall of the rectangular frame (13) and is located on the left side of the connecting rod (15); the linear displacement sensor (17) comprises a sensor body and a slider slidably connected to the sensor body; the connecting ring (18) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting rod (15); and the outer wall of the connecting ring (18) is fixedly connected to the slider.

7. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second detection structure is a pressure sensor (19); a mounting groove (601) penetrating the upper wall of the substrate (6) is provided inside the substrate (6); one end of the connecting rod (15) facing the substrate (6) penetrates the inner wall of the substrate (6) and extends into the mounting groove (601); the pressure sensor (19) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod (15) extending into the mounting groove (601), and the upper wall of the pressure sensor (19) abuts against the lower wall of the seat cover (7).

8. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The length of the C-shaped inner arc of the support plate (9) and the wear-resistant plate (10) is equal to the C-shaped radius.

9. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The wear-resistant sheet (10) is made of silicon carbide ceramic, and the roughness of the inner wall Ra is ≤ 0.4 μm.

10. The agricultural machinery main shaft turning and grinding integrated processing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A dustproof shell (5) is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the base plate (6) and is located outside the rectangular frame (13); the outer wall of the rectangular frame (13) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the dustproof shell (5).

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