Intelligent electric appliance power management device for automobile

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent electric appliance power management device for an automobile. The intelligent electric appliance power management device comprises a central control unit and at least one low-voltage insurance module or high-voltage insurance module, when the device is provided with a high-voltage insurance module, the device also comprises a high-voltage chip control unit and an internal communication unit. The low-voltage and high-voltage safety modules adopt a module splicing connection structure; the low-voltage and high-voltage insurance modules are used for monitoring the current of each electric appliance of the automobile in real time, feeding back the current to the central control unit and executing switch control and insurance protection according to an instruction; the central control unit sends a control instruction to the low-voltage and high-voltage insurance modules according to a preset current threshold to complete current distribution and overcurrent protection; and the high-voltage chip control unit communicates with the central control unit in real time through the internal communication unit, so that the safety management of the high-voltage system is realized. According to the device, through accurate current monitoring and control, the safety of electric appliances of the whole vehicle and the power management efficiency are improved, and the device has the advantages of intelligence, modularization and efficient protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automotive electronic and electrical system safety protection and energy management technology, and in particular to an intelligent electrical power management device that can be applied to traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of automotive electronic and electrical systems, the number and complexity of electronic control units (ECUs) continue to increase. These ECUs control various functions of the vehicle, including power systems, body electronics, entertainment systems, and safety systems, involving a large amount of power management and data processing.

[0003] At present, traditional vehicles usually use fuses and relay boxes for overcurrent protection and power control, but these traditional components have many defects. First, traditional fuses lack real-time monitoring capabilities and can only provide passive overcurrent protection. They cannot perform real-time monitoring, cannot collect or report real-time electrical parameters such as current and voltage, and cannot provide timely fault diagnosis information. Secondly, the response speed of traditional fuses is slow and inflexible. Once an overcurrent or short circuit occurs, the fuse needs to be blown, and the blown fuse must be replaced manually, which leads to a long vehicle downtime and high maintenance costs. Third, with the development of new energy vehicles, the demand for power distribution and management has become more and more refined. Traditional fuses and relay boxes cannot achieve rapid dispatch management or remote control, and it is difficult to meet the high requirements of new energy vehicles for refined management of power systems. In addition, the reusability of traditional fuse boxes and relay boxes is poor, and the power consumption requirements and architectures of different models are quite different, which makes them less adaptable in platform applications and between different models, and it is difficult to meet the ever-changing market needs.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to find an automotive intelligent electrical power management device that can take into account the protection and monitoring needs of both the vehicle's low-voltage system and the new energy vehicle's high-voltage system, so as to adapt to the current and future development trends of the automotive industry and provide comprehensive power protection and management services for automobiles. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device to solve the technical problems that the current vehicle power management system cannot simultaneously take into account the protection and monitoring needs of the vehicle's low-voltage system and high-voltage system, and cannot perform real-time current monitoring, fault diagnosis and overcurrent protection on the vehicle's low-voltage and high-voltage circuits.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device, comprising a central control unit, and at least one low-voltage fuse module or a high-voltage fuse module; the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module are both modular plug-in connection structures; the central control unit is connected to each low-voltage fuse module; when the intelligent electrical appliance power management device has a high-voltage fuse module, it also comprises a high-voltage chip control unit and an internal communication unit; the high-voltage chip control unit is connected to the central control unit, the internal communication unit and each high-voltage fuse module;

[0008] The central control unit is used to receive the current monitoring data transmitted by the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage chip control unit, and send control instructions to the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage chip control unit according to the preset current protection threshold to achieve vehicle current distribution and electrical overcurrent protection;

[0009] The low-voltage fuse module is used to monitor the real-time current of low-voltage electrical appliances in the vehicle and feed it back to the central control unit. Under the command of the central control unit, the low-voltage electrical appliances are switched on and off and protected by fuses.

[0010] The high-voltage fuse module is used to monitor the current of high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems in the vehicle in real time and transmit it to the high-voltage chip control unit. Under the instruction of the high-voltage chip control unit, the high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems are switched on and off and protected by fuses.

[0011] The high-voltage chip control unit is used to receive the monitoring current transmitted by the high-voltage fuse module and send it to the central control unit through the internal communication unit, and is also used to receive the control command of the central control unit to control the high-voltage fuse module;

[0012] The internal communication unit is used to realize real-time communication between the central control unit and the high-voltage chip control unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module both include an enable control circuit, a current acquisition circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit and a switch control circuit connected to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit; the enable control circuit, the current acquisition circuit and the switch control circuit are all connected to the overcurrent protection circuit, and the enable control circuit is also connected to the switch control circuit;

[0014] An enabling control circuit is used to switch the enabling state of the current module and enable or disable the current module according to the control instruction;

[0015] Current acquisition circuit, used for real-time current monitoring of low-voltage / high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems, and transmitting the monitored current to the overcurrent protection circuit and the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0016] An overcurrent protection circuit is used to determine whether the monitored current exceeds a preset current threshold, and when the preset current threshold is exceeded, a shutdown signal is sent to the switch control circuit, and a fault signal is sent to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0017] The switch control circuit is used to control the output current and implement the current shutdown mechanism of hardware and software based on the shutdown signal and circuit structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the overcurrent protection circuit includes a signal amplification circuit, a reference voltage circuit and a comparison circuit; the input end of the signal amplification circuit is connected to the output end of the current acquisition circuit, and the output end of the signal amplification circuit and the output end of the reference voltage circuit are connected to the input end of the comparison circuit; the output end of the comparison circuit and the input end of the reference voltage circuit are both connected to the switch control circuit and the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0019] The signal amplification circuit is used to amplify the signal of the currently collected monitoring current, and output the voltage to facilitate the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit to collect the voltage;

[0020] A reference voltage circuit, used to set a preset current threshold of overcurrent protection according to the control instruction of the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit, and provide a reference voltage for the comparison circuit according to the preset current threshold;

[0021] The comparison circuit is used to compare the reference voltage with the voltage output by the signal amplification circuit, and judge whether overcurrent occurs according to the comparison result. When overcurrent occurs, a fault signal is output and a shutdown instruction is sent to the switch control circuit.

[0022] Furthermore, in the low-voltage fuse module, the switch device of the switch control circuit is a MOS tube or a transistor.

[0023] Furthermore, in the high-voltage fuse module, the switching device of the switch control circuit is one of IGBT, MOSFET or silicon carbide.

[0024] Furthermore, the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module further include a reset circuit; one end of the reset circuit is connected to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit, and the other end is connected to the switch control circuit;

[0025] The reset circuit is used to automatically or manually reset after the overcurrent protection is triggered. The central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit sends an open signal to the switch control circuit to restore the low-voltage / high-voltage fuse module to normal working state.

[0026] Furthermore, the control module also includes an external communication unit; the external communication system is connected to the vehicle control system;

[0027] The external communication unit is used to report the current, voltage and fault information of each low-voltage / high-voltage fuse module to the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment, and receive control instructions issued by the vehicle control system.

[0028] Further, the external communication unit includes a CAN or LIN interface;

[0029] The CAN or LIN interface is used to report the battery voltage, total current, current consumption of each module and fault information to the vehicle control system through the CAN or LIN bus, so as to facilitate the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment to analyze and locate the fault.

[0030] Furthermore, the central control unit also includes a configuration management module;

[0031] The chip control unit also includes a configuration management module for configuring the maximum current limit, action delay and power failure recovery strategy of each insurance module according to different vehicle models, number of electrical appliances and power consumption priority.

[0032] Furthermore, the central control unit also includes an energy management module;

[0033] The energy management module is used to obtain the real-time working status of the vehicle sent by the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment, determine the energy-saving and power supply strategies according to the real-time working status, and control the switching of the low-voltage fuse module and / or the high-voltage fuse module.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] (1) Based on a modular plug-in design, this device can flexibly expand or reduce the insurance circuit according to different vehicle models or the number of electrical appliances, and freely customize the overcurrent protection threshold, thereby improving platformization and reuse. At the same time, by combining low-voltage insurance modules with high-voltage insurance modules, this device can be applied to both traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles for intelligent protection and management of high-voltage and low-voltage circuits.

[0036] (2) By making the traditional fuse box and relay box electronic and modular, it can not only replace the basic protection function of the ECU, but also realize real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of the vehicle's power consumption.

[0037] (3) Through the combination of the central control unit and the insurance module, dynamic scheduling of electric energy can be achieved at the vehicle level, meeting the flexible configuration of power requirements of different vehicle models and electrical appliances, and effectively improving the safety, stability and energy-saving effects of the vehicle.

[0038] In summary, the present invention realizes current protection and monitoring of the vehicle's electronic control unit through real-time current monitoring, fault diagnosis and overcurrent protection of the vehicle's low-voltage and high-voltage circuits, and dynamically and accurately manages the vehicle's electrical energy, which is of great value in improving the safety, reliability and energy-saving effects of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Another structural schematic diagram of the automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the low-voltage / high-voltage fuse module provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the low-voltage fuse module provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the low-voltage fuse module provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] Before introducing the embodiments of the present invention, the main concept of the present invention is first explained.

[0046] At present, the automobile insurance system of traditional fuel vehicles usually uses a fuse box to protect related automotive electronic components and actuators due to the lack of high-voltage parts. The common protection method is to use fuses or relays. Fuses provide corresponding current protection according to different specifications (such as 5A, 10A, 20A, 30A). However, this solution has some shortcomings: on the one hand, the specifications of the fuse are fixed and it is difficult to flexibly adjust according to actual needs; on the other hand, the fuse takes a long time to melt, and it usually takes a certain amount of time (such as about 4 seconds) to melt, thereby realizing the protection of the ECU (electronic control unit).

[0047] In the car insurance system of hybrid (HEV) or pure electric vehicle (EV), a power distribution unit (PDU) is usually equipped for power management. In some models, the PDU is independent, while in other models, the PDU may be integrated into the on-board charger (OBC), such as a three-in-one or all-in-one module. Although the PDU can effectively distribute power and protect the high-voltage system, its coverage is relatively limited, mainly focusing on high-voltage components such as high-voltage water heaters and electric compressors, and failing to fully cover all high-voltage electrical appliances and systems.

[0048] In view of the different characteristics of fuel vehicles, hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles, the present invention proposes an intelligent electrical power management module suitable for a variety of vehicle models, and designs low-voltage and high-voltage fuse modules. The modules can be plug-in combined to adapt to different application scenarios of traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles. Through a unified central control unit, each current is monitored and the fault status of each ECU (Electronic Control Unit) is diagnosed to achieve intelligent control.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a power management device for intelligent automobile electrical appliances, see Figure 1 The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device 100 includes a central control unit 101, and at least one low-voltage fuse module 102 or a high-voltage fuse module 103; the low-voltage fuse module 102 and the high-voltage fuse module 103 are both modular plug-in connection structures; the central control unit 101 is connected to each low-voltage fuse module 102; when the electrical appliance power management module 100 has a high-voltage fuse module 103, it also includes a high-voltage chip control unit 104 and an internal communication unit 105; the high-voltage chip control unit 104 is connected to the central control unit 101, the internal communication unit 105 and each high-voltage fuse module 103;

[0051] The central control unit 101 is used to receive the current monitoring data transmitted by the low-voltage fuse module 102 and the high-voltage chip control unit 104, and send control instructions to the low-voltage fuse module 102 and the high-voltage chip control unit 104 according to a preset current protection threshold;

[0052] The low-voltage fuse module 102 is used to monitor the current of low-voltage electrical appliances in the vehicle in real time, and feed back the current to the central control unit 101, and perform switch control and fuse protection on the low-voltage electrical appliances under the instruction of the central control unit 101;

[0053] The high-voltage fuse module 103 is used to monitor the current of the high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems in the vehicle in real time, and transmit the current to the high-voltage chip control unit 104, and perform switch control and insurance protection on the high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems under the instruction of the high-voltage chip control unit 104;

[0054] The high-voltage chip control unit 104 is used to receive the monitoring current transmitted by the high-voltage fuse module 103 and send it to the central control unit 101 through the internal communication unit 105, and is also used to receive the control command of the central control unit 101 to control the high-voltage fuse module 103;

[0055] The internal communication unit 105 is used to realize real-time communication between the central control unit 101 and the high-voltage chip control unit 104 .

[0056] The automotive intelligent electrical power management device of this embodiment can be assembled and combined with low-voltage and high-voltage fuse modules. According to different vehicle models and electrical appliance requirements, the low-voltage fuse modules and high-voltage fuse modules can be flexibly increased or decreased or replaced to achieve platform assembly. The fuse modules can be expanded or replaced according to different vehicle application scenarios to adapt to different application scenarios of traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles. The high-voltage module and the low-voltage module are intelligently controlled by a unified central control unit, and each current can be monitored, the fault status of each ECU can be diagnosed, and the switch of each circuit can be controlled to achieve the circuit protection function of the fuse. Therefore, the automotive intelligent electrical power management device provided in this embodiment takes into account the protection and monitoring needs of the vehicle's low-voltage system and the high-voltage system of new energy vehicles through an intelligent, controllable and manageable fuse box / relay box solution.

[0057] As a specific embodiment, when the system is powered on or the entire vehicle is awakened, the central control unit will first initialize each fuse module, and periodically collect data such as the current, voltage, and fault status of the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module; if abnormal conditions such as overcurrent or short circuit are detected, the central control unit can send a protection instruction (disconnection or warning) to the corresponding fuse module.

[0058] In order to better coordinate the vehicle power system, the central control unit also needs to receive control instructions from the vehicle control system, thereby improving the safety, reliability, intelligence and operational efficiency of the system. As a preferred embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the device also includes an external communication unit; the external communication unit is connected to the vehicle control system;

[0059] The external communication unit is used to report the current, voltage and fault information of each low-voltage / high-voltage fuse module to the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment, and receive control instructions issued by the vehicle control system.

[0060] Data is exchanged with the vehicle control system through an external communication unit to achieve dynamic scheduling of electric energy at the vehicle level.

[0061] It should be noted that the central control unit is an internally integrated microchip control unit, which is usually deployed on the low-voltage side. If the device of this embodiment is used on a pure fuel vehicle, the high-voltage fuse module can be disconnected, and the central control unit configures the enablement of each low-voltage / high-voltage circuit through the diagnostic instrument / host computer. If a high-voltage fuse module needs to be connected to the power management device of the intelligent appliance, an MCU is also required on the high-voltage side. This is because if there is a high-voltage fuse module, the circuit needs to distinguish between high and low voltages, and the high and low voltages must be isolated, equipped with an isolated power supply and a communication isolation circuit, which is used to achieve safe isolation between the high-voltage system and the low-voltage control system of the entire vehicle.

[0062] Furthermore, the module plug-in connection structure acts as a motherboard or backplane, which is physically plugged into the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module, and provides necessary low-voltage power supply and data transmission channels to each fuse module through a public communication bus and power line.

[0063] In some embodiments, the external communication unit includes a CAN or LIN interface;

[0064] The CAN or LIN interface is used to report the battery voltage, total current, current consumption of each module and fault information to the vehicle control system through the CAN or LIN bus, so as to facilitate the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment to analyze and locate the fault.

[0065] Through the CAN / LIN bus, fault information, real-time current and voltage data, etc. can be reported to the vehicle control system or diagnostic instrument, which facilitates rapid fault location and maintenance, and realizes the remote reporting and diagnosis function of faults.

[0066] In some embodiments, the central control unit further includes a configuration management module;

[0067] The chip control unit also includes a configuration management module for configuring the maximum current limit, action delay and power failure recovery strategy of each insurance module according to different vehicle models, different numbers of electrical appliances and power usage priorities.

[0068] In actual applications, the central control unit can manage and monitor the working status of the system through the configuration tool (the configuration mode can be selected from the diagnostic instrument or the cloud background) without manually replacing the physical fuse. At the same time, the central control unit can update the firmware program or configuration parameters of the insurance module online to achieve remote maintenance and function expansion.

[0069] By providing customers with dedicated configuration tools, customers can easily customize and transplant according to vehicle models, realize precise management of vehicles under different working conditions, different driving modes, and different energy states, and choose to open or disconnect specific circuits according to the working status of the vehicle or the driver's instructions, realize energy priority scheduling and energy-saving strategies, and improve the flexibility of configuration. For example, when the vehicle battery power is low, the system can give priority to ensuring the normal operation of the power system, automatically shut down the air conditioner and unnecessary electronic equipment, so as to prioritize the energy required for driving.

[0070] In some embodiments, the central control unit further comprises an energy management module;

[0071] The energy management module is used to obtain the real-time working status of the vehicle sent by the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment, determine the energy-saving and power supply strategies according to the real-time working status, and control the switching of the low-voltage fuse module and / or the high-voltage fuse module.

[0072] When the vehicle is driving at low speed or in urban conditions, the vehicle can automatically reduce the power output of the electric motor to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. At the same time, the system can also recharge by recovering braking energy (such as kinetic energy recovery system) and store it in the battery, thereby improving overall energy efficiency. Through centralized management and intelligent decision-making, the vehicle control system can better coordinate monitoring and fault diagnosis, and the work of the power system to ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment with low maintenance costs.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] As a preferred embodiment, the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module both include an enable control circuit, a current acquisition circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit and a switch control circuit connected to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit; the enable control circuit, the current acquisition circuit and the switch control circuit are all connected to the overcurrent protection circuit, and the enable control circuit is also connected to the switch control circuit;

[0075] An enabling control circuit is used to switch the enabling state of the current module and enable or disable the current module according to the control instruction;

[0076] Current acquisition circuit, used for real-time current monitoring of low-voltage / high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems, and transmission to the overcurrent protection circuit and central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0077] An overcurrent protection circuit is used to determine whether the monitored current exceeds a preset current threshold, and when the preset current threshold is exceeded, a shutdown signal is sent to the switch control circuit, and a fault signal is sent to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0078] The switch control circuit is used to control the output current and implement the current shutdown mechanism of hardware and software based on the shutdown signal and circuit structure.

[0079] The following takes the low-voltage fuse module as an example to illustrate the specific structure of the fuse module.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, the low-voltage fuse module includes an enabling control circuit 201, a current acquisition circuit 202, an overcurrent protection circuit 203 and a switch control circuit 204; the enabling control circuit 201, the current acquisition circuit 202 and the switch control circuit 204 are all connected to the overcurrent protection circuit 203, and the enabling control circuit 201 is also connected to the switch control circuit 204;

[0081] The enabling control circuit 201 is used to switch the enabling state of the current module and enable or disable the current module according to the control instruction;

[0082] The current acquisition circuit 202 is used to monitor the current of low-voltage / high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems in real time and transmit the monitored current to the overcurrent protection circuit and the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0083] An overcurrent protection circuit 203 is used to determine whether the monitored current exceeds a preset current threshold, and when the current exceeds the preset current threshold, sends a shutdown signal to the switch control circuit and sends a fault signal to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0084] The switch control circuit 204 is used to control the output current and implement the current shutdown mechanism of hardware and software based on the shutdown signal and circuit structure.

[0085] Specifically, the switch control circuit uses a shutdown mechanism that combines hardware and software to control the output circuit. Among them, the hardware shutdown mechanism uses a hardware circuit to set the current upper limit for overcurrent protection. When a short-term high current occurs, the hardware can quickly shut down and feedback the fault status to the software. The software can perform fault confirmation functions such as resetting the hardware overcurrent circuit according to the situation, such as trying to restart the switch circuit three times to confirm whether there is overcurrent. The software shutdown mechanism detects the current in real time and performs overcurrent protection according to the current threshold designed in the software. The advantage of this design is that the hardware shutdown has a fast response and high reliability, which can ensure that even if the software fails (such as freezing or loss of control), the current output can be quickly cut off. At the same time, the software part provides flexibility and maintainability, so that the system maintains the set adjustment and diagnostic capabilities while ensuring safety.

[0086] In order to enable the system to recover quickly after overcurrent protection, so that the system has higher self-healing ability and fault recovery flexibility, as a preferred embodiment, the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module also include a reset circuit; one end of the reset circuit is connected to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit, and the other end is connected to the switch control circuit;

[0087] The reset circuit is used to automatically or manually reset after the overcurrent protection is triggered. The central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit sends an open signal to the switch control circuit to restore the low-voltage / high-voltage fuse module to normal working state.

[0088] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the low-voltage fuse module including the reset circuit is shown. It mainly includes input (IN), output (OUT), enable switch (ON / OFF, enabled / disabled), current acquisition (CURRENT), reset switch (RESET), fault status feedback (FAULT) and GND. The enable switch is responsible for whether this module is enabled. It is usually configured at the front end of the load and controlled according to the vehicle configuration or the host computer configuration; current acquisition is used to collect current, and energy management and distribution are performed by other nodes of the vehicle; the reset switch is used for manual or remote reset when a fault occurs, which is convenient for inspection and maintenance; the fault status feedback can provide fault information for the diagnostic instrument or the vehicle computer for warning or troubleshooting.

[0089] The reset circuit is connected to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit, and can automatically or manually reset the system according to the control instructions. This intelligent control function can respond to fault conditions in real time, whether it is through test mode, automatic mode, diagnostic instrument or cloud background for fault recovery, and flexibly select the most appropriate recovery method to enhance the intelligence level of the system. With this setting, whether it is a short overcurrent event or an occasional current fluctuation, the system can recover quickly, avoiding downtime or failure caused by fuse damage or replacement delays, thereby improving the overall reliability and availability of the system.

[0090] For traditional fuel vehicles, only a few low-voltage fuse modules need to be installed in the vehicle to replace the original fuse box and relay box, achieving faster and more accurate overcurrent protection. When a channel is at risk of melting, there is no need to remove the physical fuse, only reset the relevant fuse module, reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, through bus communication, the current information of each circuit can be uploaded to the vehicle control system in real time, which is convenient for vehicle energy management and fault analysis.

[0091] For new energy vehicles, it is necessary to add high-voltage fuse modules on the basis of low-voltage fuse modules to manage power batteries, high-voltage auxiliary systems or charging circuits, etc. The number of high-voltage modules can be increased or decreased according to the actual needs of different models, and flexible assembly can be achieved through a unified backplane plug-in structure. At the same time, the energy management strategy of the chip can be used to coordinate and optimize the high-voltage and low-voltage systems to improve the vehicle's range and safety and reliability.

[0092] In addition, for models with multiple battery settings, intelligent power scheduling can also be performed based on the needs of the entire vehicle.

[0093] As a preferred embodiment, the overcurrent protection circuit includes a signal amplification circuit, a reference voltage circuit and a comparison circuit; the input end of the signal amplification circuit is connected to the output end of the current acquisition circuit, and the output end of the signal amplification circuit and the output end of the reference voltage circuit are connected to the input end of the comparison circuit; the output end of the comparison circuit and the input end of the reference voltage circuit are both connected to the switch control circuit and the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit;

[0094] The signal amplification circuit is used to amplify the signal of the currently collected monitoring current, and output the voltage to facilitate the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit to collect the voltage;

[0095] A reference voltage circuit, used to set a preset current threshold of overcurrent protection according to the control instruction of the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit, and provide a reference voltage for the comparison circuit according to the preset current threshold;

[0096] The comparison circuit is used to compare the reference voltage with the voltage output by the signal amplification circuit, and judge whether overcurrent occurs according to the comparison result. When overcurrent occurs, a fault signal is output and a shutdown instruction is sent to the switch control circuit.

[0097] As a specific example, see Figure 5 , Figure 5 The detailed structure diagram of the low-voltage fuse module is shown. Figure 5As shown, by collecting the current signal of the output end (OUT), the corresponding voltage signal is output and amplified through the signal amplifier U1, which is convenient for the central control unit to collect signals. The output signal of the signal amplifier U1 is input to the input end of the comparator U2. The other end of the comparator U2 is the reference voltage output by the reference voltage chip U3. The reference voltage is determined according to the current threshold of the input end (IN). Different reference voltages can provide different overcurrent protection thresholds. The switch control circuit realizes the switch control of the loop through the MOS tube Y1 or other transistors. The comparator U2 performs a comparison operation based on the reference voltage and the actual voltage to determine whether there is a current exceeding the standard. When the current exceeds the standard, it is quickly shut down from the hardware, and the time is microsecond level. The current is collected through the operational amplifier circuit, and the hardware is shut down after the current exceeds the standard through the operational amplifier comparator, real-time monitoring and fault management, and accurate monitoring and fast disconnection of each circuit are realized.

[0098] It should be noted that in the low-voltage fuse module, the switch device of the switch control circuit is a MOS tube or a transistor. In the high-voltage fuse module, the switch device of the switch control circuit is one of IGBT, MOSFET or silicon carbide. Through the current sensor and the high-side or MOS, IGBT, silicon carbide or other types of transistor switches. That is to say, in the high-voltage fuse module, Figure 5 The MOS tube Y1 in the embodiment is one of IGBT, MOSFET or silicon carbide, and the other structures remain unchanged.

[0099] Semiconductor devices such as MOS tubes, MOSFETs, and IGBTs have the characteristics of fast switching speed and rapid response. They can control the flow of current in real time, quickly monitor and protect current, and improve the response efficiency of the system. The response speed is usually in microseconds, which is three orders of magnitude faster than the response speed of traditional fuses. In high-voltage protection circuits, IGBTs or silicon carbide devices can withstand higher voltages and currents, have stronger power control capabilities, and ensure the safe and stable operation of high-voltage systems. Through precise switch control, accidents such as overcurrent or short circuit can be avoided, ensuring the safe operation of low-voltage and high-voltage electrical appliances and reducing the risk of damage.

[0100] It can be seen from the description of the above embodiments that the automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device of the present invention introduces MCU and modular design concepts while maintaining the functions of the traditional fuse box, greatly improving the fault diagnosis, energy distribution management and remote maintenance capabilities. It is not only suitable for traditional fuel vehicles, but also can be applied to the current rapidly developing new energy vehicle field, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the vehicle while achieving more efficient energy utilization and more convenient fault handling.

[0101] The automotive intelligent electrical power management device provided by the present invention is deployed in a platform-based and modular manner, and the insurance module exists in a pluggable manner. The OEM can flexibly select the required module type and quantity during the vehicle design stage. For different car series or different configuration level models, only some modules need to be replaced or added or subtracted, without redesigning the entire fuse box architecture. Later maintenance and upgrades are also extremely convenient, and the system stability and intelligence level can be improved by replacing a single faulty module or performing remote software updates.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle intelligent electrical appliance power management device, characterized in that: It includes a central control unit, and at least one low-voltage fuse module or a high-voltage fuse module; the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module are both modular plug-in connection structures; the central control unit is connected to each low-voltage fuse module; when the smart electrical appliance power management device has a high-voltage fuse module, it also includes a high-voltage chip control unit and an internal communication unit; the high-voltage chip control unit is connected to the central control unit, the internal communication unit and each high-voltage fuse module; The central control unit is used to receive the current monitoring data transmitted by the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage chip control unit, and send control instructions to the low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage chip control unit according to the preset current protection threshold to achieve vehicle current distribution and electrical overcurrent protection; The low-voltage fuse module is used to monitor the real-time current of low-voltage electrical appliances in the vehicle and feed it back to the central control unit. Under the command of the central control unit, the low-voltage electrical appliances are switched on and off and protected by fuses. The high-voltage fuse module is used to monitor the current of high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems in the vehicle in real time and transmit it to the high-voltage chip control unit. Under the instruction of the high-voltage chip control unit, the high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems are switched on and off and protected by fuses. The high-voltage chip control unit is used to receive the monitoring current transmitted by the high-voltage fuse module and send it to the central control unit through the internal communication unit, and is also used to receive the control command of the central control unit to control the high-voltage fuse module; The internal communication unit is used to realize real-time communication between the central control unit and the high-voltage chip control unit.

2. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module both include an enable control circuit, a current acquisition circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit and a switch control circuit connected to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit; the enable control circuit, the current acquisition circuit and the switch control circuit are all connected to the overcurrent protection circuit, and the enable control circuit is also connected to the switch control circuit; An enabling control circuit is used to switch the enabling state of the current module and enable or disable the current module according to the control instruction; Current acquisition circuit, used for real-time current monitoring of low-voltage / high-voltage electrical appliances or high-voltage systems, and transmitting the monitored current to the overcurrent protection circuit and the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit; An overcurrent protection circuit is used to determine whether the monitored current exceeds a preset current threshold, and when the preset current threshold is exceeded, a shutdown signal is sent to the switch control circuit, and a fault signal is sent to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit; The switch control circuit is used to control the output current and implement the current shutdown mechanism of hardware and software based on the shutdown signal and circuit structure.

3. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The overcurrent protection circuit includes a signal amplification circuit, a reference voltage circuit and a comparison circuit; the input end of the signal amplification circuit is connected to the output end of the current acquisition circuit, and the output end of the signal amplification circuit and the output end of the reference voltage circuit are connected to the input end of the comparison circuit; the output end of the comparison circuit and the input end of the reference voltage circuit are both connected to the switch control circuit and the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit; The signal amplification circuit is used to amplify the signal of the currently collected monitoring current, and output the voltage to facilitate the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit to collect the voltage; A reference voltage circuit, used to set a preset current threshold of overcurrent protection according to the control instruction of the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit, and provide a reference voltage for the comparison circuit according to the preset current threshold; The comparison circuit is used to compare the reference voltage with the voltage output by the signal amplification circuit, and judge whether overcurrent occurs according to the comparison result. When overcurrent occurs, a fault signal is output and a shutdown instruction is sent to the switch control circuit.

4. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the low-voltage fuse module, the switch device of the switch control circuit is a MOS tube or a transistor.

5. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the high-voltage fuse module, the switch device of the switch control circuit is one of IGBT, MOSFET or silicon carbide.

6. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low-voltage fuse module and the high-voltage fuse module also include a reset circuit; one end of the reset circuit is connected to the central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit, and the other end is connected to the switch control circuit; The reset circuit is used to automatically or manually reset after the overcurrent protection is triggered. The central control unit / high-voltage chip control unit sends an open signal to the switch control circuit to restore the low-voltage / high-voltage fuse module to normal working state.

7. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module also includes an external communication unit; the external communication system is connected to the vehicle control system; The external communication unit is used to report the current, voltage and fault information of each low-voltage / high-voltage fuse module to the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment, and receive control instructions issued by the vehicle control system.

8. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The external communication unit includes a CAN or LIN interface; The CAN or LIN interface is used to report the battery voltage, total current, current consumption of each module and fault information to the vehicle control system through the CAN or LIN bus, so as to facilitate the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment to analyze and locate the fault.

9. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The central control unit also includes a configuration management module; The chip control unit also includes a configuration management module for configuring the maximum current limit, action delay and power failure recovery strategy of each insurance module according to different vehicle models, different numbers of electrical appliances and power usage priorities.

10. The automotive intelligent electrical appliance power management device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The central control unit also includes an energy management module; The energy management module is used to obtain the real-time working status of the vehicle sent by the vehicle control system or diagnostic equipment, determine the energy-saving and power supply strategies according to the real-time working status, and control the switching of the low-voltage fuse module and / or the high-voltage fuse module.

Images