Farmland ecological management system capable of reducing direct discharge and guaranteeing ecological safety and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland ecological management system capable of reducing direct discharge and guaranteeing ecological safety and a control method. The farmland ecological management system comprises a farmland ecological management unit arranged outside a farmland, and a micro-ecological algae system, a plant planting system and an online monitoring system are arranged in the farmland ecological management unit; the micro-ecological algae system comprises shrimps, algae, hydrilla and a porous material which are arranged in the farmland ecological management unit, and the plant planting system comprises various plants planted at the edge of the farmland ecological management unit; the online monitoring system comprises a monitoring system and a monitoring system, the monitoring system is arranged at a water outlet of the farmland ecological management unit, and the monitoring system is arranged at a farmland water recession and flood discharge port; according to the system and the method, potential threats caused by storage stagnation and recycling of the farmland recession water are effectively solved, the biological diversity of a farmland ecological system is increased, and the aim of reducing direct discharge of the farmland recession water is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a system and a control method for reducing direct discharge to ensure ecological safety, and in particular to a farmland ecological management system and a control method for reducing direct discharge to ensure ecological safety, belonging to the technical field of agricultural non-point source pollution control. Background Art

[0002] As one of the main output channels of agricultural non-point source pollution, the pollution of farmland runoff cannot be ignored. A large amount of nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic pollutants (such as pesticides and antibiotics) carried in farmland runoff enter natural water bodies such as rivers and lakes through water runoff, causing eutrophication and deterioration of water quality, which has a serious impact on aquatic ecosystems. According to statistics, farmland runoff contributes to a relatively high level of regional TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus), becoming the focus of agricultural non-point source control.

[0003] The theory and technology of farmland drainage management are constantly developing, and many pilot demonstration projects have been implemented. Farmland drainage technology has gradually been integrated into a systematic management system, from source control to process ecological interception to terminal management. In recent years, with the introduction of the management concept of "no direct discharge of drainage, no fertilizer water into the river, and nutrient reuse", the implementation of the farmland irrigation and drainage system recycling ecological transformation project has stored and recycled the farmland drainage water to the farmland, which is conducive to reducing the discharge of farmland drainage pollutants. However, it also brings some problems. For example, farmland drainage water may contain pesticides, heavy metals and other harmful substances. These substances may accumulate during the storage and recycling process and pose a potential threat to the farmland ecosystem, affecting the stability and health of the farmland ecosystem, and may lead to a reduction in biodiversity in the farmland ecosystem.

[0004] At present, patent CN109626723A discloses an ecological treatment system for controlling farmland non-point source pollution, including an ecological purification pool, a silt sedimentation pool, a deep purification pool and a water collection pool. The ecological purification pool uses biological absorption and zeolite particle adsorption as the main pollutant removal methods to purify the drainage water. Aquatic plants can also be planted to effectively absorb nutrient elements in the water, and increase the oxygen content in the water through the respiration of plants, thereby increasing the further metabolism of nutrients by aerobic microorganisms in the water. The collection pool uses a return water pipeline to return the purified water to the farmland. The ecosystem has a better effect on farmland pollution treatment, can reduce nutrient loss, is less affected by the natural environment, and the entire system occupies a small area and is easier to implement. However, the system can only purify and recycle pollutants in farmland drainage, and cannot remove heavy metals and organic pollutants, and cannot efficiently discharge and recycle, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0005] Therefore, developing a comprehensive ecological management system and control method for reducing direct discharge of farmland water that can overcome the above defects has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a farmland ecological management system and control method for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety. The system and method effectively solve the potential threats brought by the storage and recycling of farmland water withdrawal, increase the biodiversity of the farmland ecosystem, and automatically and efficiently achieve the goal of reducing direct discharge of farmland water.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety, including a farmland ecological management unit arranged outside the farmland, wherein a microecological algae system, a plant planting system and an online monitoring system are arranged in the farmland ecological management unit; The microecological algae system includes shrimp algae, black algae and porous materials arranged in the farmland ecological management unit, and algae grow on the porous materials; The plant planting system is a variety of plants planted at the edge of the farmland ecological management unit; The online monitoring system includes a monitoring system and a monitoring system. The monitoring system is set at the outlet of the farmland ecological management unit to remotely view the actual water level. The monitoring system is set at the farmland water discharge outlet to monitor the water quality indicators of the farmland water discharge.

[0008] The technical solution further defined in the present invention is: Furthermore, in the aforementioned farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety, the farmland ecological management unit is set in the ditch next to the farmland, and the farmland ecological management unit is at least one of a farmland drainage storage pond, a purification pond, and an ecological interception channel.

[0009] Technical effect: The present invention adopts farmland drainage storage ponds, purification ponds, and ecological interception channels as farmland ecological management units to effectively store and recycle farmland drainage.

[0010] In the aforementioned farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety, the porous material is arranged in the farmland ecological management unit by laying flat or installing vertically.

[0011] Technical effect: The present invention sets porous materials according to the actual use of the farmland ecological management unit. The flat laying method is usually used in areas with shallow water levels such as ecological interception channels, and the vertical installation method is usually used in areas with high water levels such as drainage storage ponds, so that the components are more reasonable and the use effect is better.

[0012] In the aforementioned farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety, the algae is at least one of diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria.

[0013] Technical effect: porous materials are set up to further construct a microalgae ecosystem. The porous materials build a growth surface for the microalgae, which effectively grows diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, etc. These algae, together with shrimp algae and black algae, form an algae system that synergistically better treats heavy metals and organic matter in farmland drainage water.

[0014] In the aforementioned farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety, the porous material is at least one of chlorite and iron-carbon balls.

[0015] Technical effect: porous materials are provided to provide growth surfaces for diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, etc., and together with shrimp algae and black algae, they form an algae system that synergistically treats heavy metals and organic matter in farmland drainage. The growth of microalgae requires sufficient and appropriate light intensity. Usually, a microalgae cultivation system is composed of a culture tank, a light source, a ventilation device, a temperature control system, and a stirring device, which has a complex structure. The present invention adopts the technical solution of paving porous materials, and uses natural light to meet the growth needs of microalgae, which has a simple structure and low cost.

[0016] In the aforementioned farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety, the plant is at least one of water plantain, water lily, and cattail.

[0017] Technical effect: Aquatic plants are an indispensable part of the farmland drainage purification process. Plants absorb nitrogen and phosphorus to purify water. Previous projects lacked consideration of plant pesticide resistance and pesticide degradation performance, resulting in the death of some aquatic plants. The replanting of aquatic plants has invisibly increased the cost of project maintenance. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the plant planting ratio. Plant selection should give priority to the following points: ① Select aquatic plants suitable for local growth to ensure that the plants can grow normally under local climate, soil and water quality conditions. This helps to reduce the ecological risks that may be caused by the introduction of alien species; ② Consider the plant's resistance to diseases and pests, pesticide resistance, high temperature resistance and cold resistance, and ensure that the plant can maintain a certain growth potential and purification ability even in harsh environments; ③ Give priority to aquatic plants with strong purification capabilities, such as plants with developed root systems and large biomass, which can better absorb and degrade pollutants in water bodies. The present invention uses water plantain, water lily, and cattail. Water plantain, water lily, and cattail aquatic plants have good disease and pest resistance, pesticide resistance, high temperature resistance and cold resistance, and have developed root systems and large biomass, which can better absorb and degrade pollutants in water bodies. The planting location is mostly selected near the edge of the farmland ridge, which does not affect the planting of crops in the farmland, and can also process the drainage of the farmland; at the same time, the plant planting density is strictly controlled to avoid over-dense or over-sparse planting, which affects the growth and purification effect.

[0018] The present invention also provides a farmland ecology control method based on the farmland ecology management system, which specifically includes the following steps: (1) Construction of microecological algae system An agricultural field ecological management unit is set up in a ditch outside the farmland, shrimp algae and black algae are planted in the agricultural field ecological management unit, and the cutting method is used to propagate the plants in patches and intervals. A porous material is set up in the agricultural field ecological management unit in a flat or vertical manner, and algae grow on the surface of the porous material. The porous material is set up at intervals corresponding to the shrimp algae and black algae planting area; (2) Aquatic plant cultivation Plant aquatic plants at the edge of the farmland ecological management unit, and the planting position of the aquatic plants is separated from the micro-ecological bath system in step (1); (3) Online monitoring Build an online water quality monitoring system at the outlet of farmland water discharge to monitor the water quality of farmland water discharge in real time. Build an online monitoring system surveillance camera at the outlet of the farmland ecological management unit to check the water discharge situation in each area of ​​the project in real time, and respond to flood discharge during the flood season in combination with the online water quality situation. (4) Online management of water withdrawal According to the weather forecast, when receiving a precipitation warning, calculate the amount of farmland retreat water, combined with the water level of the farmland retreat water that has been stored in the farmland ecological management unit. If the cumulative water level exceeds 90% of the maximum water level in the farmland ecological management unit and there is no irrigation demand in the farmland, pre-reduction treatment will be carried out on the farmland retreat water that has been stored in the farmland ecological management unit; According to the weather forecast, when there is no precipitation warning or no need to discharge the retreated water, the online monitoring system monitors the retreated water quality in real time and provides effective data for the purification evaluation of the ecological governance project.

[0019] The technical solution further defined in the present invention is: Furthermore, in the farmland ecological control method of the aforementioned farmland ecological management system, during the flood season, the project water level is determined, and combined with the online water quality conditions, early reuse or early discharge of farmland retreat water is achieved to reach the pre-drop water level and ensure the project water storage capacity; When the online water quality is poor, the farmland return water is reused and not discharged; When the online water quality is good, the water is discharged to the farmland.

[0020] Technical effect: The present invention consists of two parts: monitoring and supervision. The monitoring system relies on major cloud platform suppliers. Online monitoring camera video monitoring is built at the outlet of the ecological governance unit. The actual water level of the project can be viewed remotely, providing strong support for flood discharge during the flood season. The online monitoring part monitors important indicators of farmland drainage, such as ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, etc., and can monitor water quality in real time, ultimately achieving the purpose of reducing direct discharge of farmland drainage and pollutant emissions.

[0021] In the farmland ecological control method of the aforementioned farmland ecological management system, the pre-fall treatment is specifically as follows: before the arrival of precipitation, when the online monitoring system shows that ammonia nitrogen is ≤1.5mg / L, total phosphorus is ≤0.3mg / L, and chemical oxygen demand is ≤30mg / L, the sluice gate on the farmland ecological management unit is controlled to discharge water to reach the pre-fall project water level and increase the storage capacity.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention plants shrimp algae and black algae in the farmland ecological management unit, and the planting position is affected by the installation method of the porous material. When the porous material is installed flat on the bottom, the shrimp algae and black algae are planted at intervals therefrom; when the porous material is installed vertically, the shrimp algae and black algae can be planted directly on the bottom. The shrimp algae and black algae utilize algae to absorb nutrients and suspended matter in the water. The shrimp algae and black algae also have the ability to remove heavy metals and organic pollutants, which helps to improve water quality and has a positive effect on water purification.

[0023] The microecological algae system in the present invention can preliminarily solve the heavy metal and organic pollution caused by the accumulation and reuse of farmland drainage water. It utilizes the absorption and degradation of heavy metals and organic matter by algae and microalgae ecosystems, reduces the heavy metal and organic pollution problems that may be caused by the recycling and reuse of farmland drainage water, and can promote the stability and development of the entire farmland ecosystem.

[0024] The present invention optimizes the plant planting ratio, selects aquatic plants suitable for local growth through targeted selection, reduces the ecological risks that may be brought about by the introduction of alien species, and considers the pesticide resistance and biomass of aquatic plants on the premise of ensuring the ecological management effect of farmland drainage, thereby increasing the biodiversity of farmland ecosystems.

[0025] The present invention utilizes an online monitoring system to realize intelligent management of farmland drainage. According to weather warnings and real-time water quality conditions, the farmland drainage can be reused and discharged, thereby increasing the water storage capacity of the project, saving time and effort and being easy to operate.

[0026] The method and ecological management system of the present invention are used to reduce direct discharge of farmland drainage water, solve potential problems caused by the storage, stagnation and recycling of farmland drainage water, and preliminarily degrade harmful substances such as pesticides and heavy metals in farmland drainage water by constructing a microecological algae system and optimizing the planting ratio of aquatic plants. By building an online monitoring system, intelligent remote reuse and discharge of farmland drainage water can be achieved, and ultimately the potential threats caused by the storage and recycling of farmland drainage water can be solved, the biodiversity of the farmland ecosystem can be increased, and the goal of reducing direct discharge of farmland drainage water can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety when used in farmland according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-section of the middle AA; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure when the medium porous material is installed flat; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the farmland ecological management system when the porous material is installed flat; Figure 6 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure when the medium porous material is installed vertically; Figure 7 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure for planting aquatic plants; In the figure: 1- farmland, 2- farmland ecological management unit, 3- porous material, 4- plants, 5- electric forced exhaust valve, 6- ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0029] This embodiment provides a farmland ecological management system that reduces direct discharge and ensures ecological safety. The structure is as follows Figure 1-3 As shown, by constructing a microecological algae system, optimizing the planting ratio of aquatic plants and an online monitoring system, farmland drainage is reduced and direct discharge is reduced, farmland ecological safety is guaranteed, and farmland biodiversity is promoted. Large drainage ditches 6 are set outside the original farmland. The farmland drainage storage pond of the farmland ecological management unit is normally set in a large drainage ditch beside the farmland, using the original ditch 6 between the farmlands without occupying the farmland. Specifically, it includes a farmland drainage storage pond set outside the farmland 1, and a microecological algae system, a plant planting system and an online monitoring system are set in the farmland drainage storage pond; The microecological algae system includes shrimp algae, black algae and porous material 3 iron-carbon balls arranged in the farmland drainage storage pond. Algae grow on the porous material 3 iron-carbon balls. The shrimp algae and black algae are planted at the bottom of the farmland drainage storage pond. The porous material 3 iron-carbon balls are vertically placed at the bottom of the farmland drainage storage pond using a cage net with a horizontal plane. Figure 6 As shown, the horizontal plane is 50-60cm away from the normal water level; the plant planting system is to plant cattails, water plantains and water lilies at the edge of the farmland drainage pond. Figure 7 As shown; The online monitoring system consists of two parts: the monitoring system and the monitoring system. The probe of the water quality monitoring system is set in the farmland drainage storage pond of the farmland ecological management unit, and the video monitoring system can be installed on the ridge between the farmland drainage storage pond and the farmland; The monitoring system adopts the existing technology and includes a water quality monitoring module, a data storage and processing platform and a user terminal. The monitoring module and the user terminal are respectively connected to the data storage and processing platform for communication. The monitoring module is a monitoring instrument for monitoring water quality, and sends the monitored data to the data storage and processing platform. The data storage and processing platform is used to store water quality data and is used for monitoring, analysis and processing. The monitoring data is available for viewing by the user terminal; The monitoring system uses existing technologies for monitoring cameras, video cables, back-end storage, control and display devices. The monitoring camera monitors the water level problem, and the monitored image is transmitted by the video cable to the back-end storage and control, and finally displayed on the display device; The monitoring system is set up at the outlet of the farmland ecological management unit to remotely view the actual water level. The monitoring system is set up at the farmland water discharge outlet to monitor the water quality indicators of the farmland water discharge.

[0030] The farmland ecology control method of the farmland ecology management system specifically includes the following steps: (1) Construction of microecological algae system Farmland drainage ponds are set up in ditches outside farmland, and shrimp algae and black algae are planted in the farmland drainage ponds. The cutting method is used for propagation, and 2 square meters are planted every 20 meters. Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria are grown on porous iron-carbon balls installed vertically in the farmland drainage ponds, and the porous materials are installed 20 meters apart from the shrimp algae and black algae. (2) Aquatic plant cultivation Replace some of the aquatic plants originally planned to be planted with cattail, water plantain and sedge on the edge of the farmland water storage pond. The planting density of water plantain 10-20cm high plants is 25 plants / square meter, the planting density of sedge 50-60cm high plants is 16 plants / square meter, and the planting density of cattail 50-60cm high plants is 16 plants / square meter. The planting method can be freely matched according to the actual situation. The planting amount per unit area must be met to ensure the biomass of aquatic plants. The planting location of aquatic plants is separated from the micro-ecological algae system ecosystem, usually 2-3 square meters / place; (3) Online monitoring An online water quality monitoring system using existing technology is built at the farmland drainage outlet (i.e., drainage outlet) to monitor ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand. The monitoring frequency can be set to 4 times a day or 2 times a day according to the farmland drainage law. Generally, the flood season is a high-frequency period of farmland drainage, which can be set to monitor 4 times a day, and the dry season is set to monitor twice a day. The water quality of farmland drainage in the project is monitored in real time. The monitored water quality data can be viewed in real time on mobile phones and computers through programs using existing technology, so the water quality of farmland drainage in the project can be understood at any time. Existing online monitoring cameras are built at the drainage outlets of farmland drainage storage ponds, key nodes of ecological projects, and important drainage locations within the farmland catchment area. The drainage conditions of various areas of the project can be viewed in real time through the application program, and the weather forecast can be used to monitor the drainage conditions of various areas of the project. According to the situation, combined with the online water quality situation, flood discharge during the flood season is responded to. During the flood season, the project water level is determined to realize early reuse or early discharge, reach the pre-drop level, and ensure the water storage capacity of the project. When the online water quality is poor, the farmland return water is reused without discharge. When the online water quality is good, the farmland return water is discharged. The identification of the online water quality is determined according to the requirements of each area. When the discharge conditions are met, the water quality is good and can be discharged. If the discharge conditions are not met, the water quality is poor and reused. The return water reuse in the project adopts the manual opening method. The return water discharge adopts the electric forced discharge gate 5 set at the discharge port of the farmland ecological management unit, which is connected to the treatment platform and remotely controlled by the existing remote technology. The online water quality monitoring and the gate station pump station remote control technology are used to realize the recycling and discharge of farmland return water. (4) Online management of water withdrawal According to the weather forecast, when receiving a precipitation warning, calculate the amount of water retreat from farmland. The specific calculation method is: V = A × D × α Where: V is the amount of runoff (in cubic meters, m³), ​​A is the area where rainfall is measured (in square meters, m², which includes farmland and ditches next to farmland), D is the rainfall depth (in meters, m), α is the surface runoff coefficient; Using the precipitation data in the weather forecast, according to the area of ​​farmland where the water is collected, the amount of water withdrawn is calculated using the surface runoff coefficient method, combined with the water level of the farmland withdrawn that has been stored in the farmland ecological management unit. If the cumulative water level exceeds 90% of the maximum water level in the farmland ecological management unit and there is no irrigation demand in the farmland, the farmland withdrawn water stored in the farmland ecological management unit is pre-lowered; The specific pre-fall treatment is as follows: before the arrival of precipitation, when the online monitoring system shows that ammonia nitrogen ≤1.5mg / L, total phosphorus ≤0.3mg / L, and chemical oxygen demand ≤30mg / L (that is, after the previous farmland drainage has been stored and evolved, the water quality reaches Class IV in the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards"), the sluice gates on the farmland ecological management unit are controlled to discharge water to reach the pre-fall project water level and increase the storage capacity in order to better cope with the subsequent precipitation.

[0031] According to the weather forecast, when there is no precipitation warning or there is no need to discharge the retreat water (the retreat water formed in the farmland can be completely stored), the online monitoring system monitors the retreat water quality in real time, providing effective data for the purification evaluation of the ecological governance project. It can be used to study the degradation efficiency and rules of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in the retreat water of farmland in the governance project, and can provide a basis for the subsequent retreat water pre-reduction. Example 2

[0032] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the farmland ecological management unit set up on the periphery of the farmland is an ecological interception channel, and the porous material in the ecological interception channel is laid flat on the bottom of the ecological interception channel. Figure 4 As shown, multiple groups of porous materials are arranged at intervals, and shrimp algae and black algae are planted at intervals between each group of porous materials. Figure 5 shown.

[0033] By adopting the ecological management system and control method of the present invention, the water after management is tested as follows: the average removal rate of chemical oxygen demand can reach more than 42.0%; the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen can reach more than 49.6%; the average removal rate of total phosphorus can reach more than 44.3%; and the average removal rate of suspended solids can reach more than 39.7%.

[0034] Through the above engineering construction optimization, the diversity of farmland ecosystems has been significantly improved, and the environment around the farmland has also been beautified. During the normal water season and the dry season, the project has almost no discharge, and the farmland drainage is stored in the project to ensure the drainage storage and reuse of farmland ecological safety. During the flood season, according to the precipitation forecast and online water quality conditions, early discharge and reuse are achieved, and the project water is pre-reduced to achieve the purpose of reducing the direct discharge of farmland drainage during the flood season and reducing the pollution of pollutants in the farmland drainage water to surrounding rivers and lakes.

[0035] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementation modes. Any technical solution formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety, characterized by: It comprises a farmland ecological management unit (2) arranged outside the farmland (1), wherein the farmland ecological management unit (2) is provided with a microecological algae system, a plant planting system and an online monitoring system; The microecological algae system comprises shrimp algae, black algae and a porous material (3) arranged in the farmland ecological management unit, and algae grow on the porous material (3); The plant planting system is a variety of plants planted at the edge of the farmland ecological management unit (4); The online monitoring system includes a monitoring system and a monitoring system. The monitoring system is arranged at the water outlet of the farmland ecological management unit to remotely view the actual water level. The monitoring system is arranged at the farmland water discharge outlet to monitor the water quality indicators of the farmland water discharge.

2. The farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety according to claim 1 is characterized by: The farmland ecological management unit (2) is arranged in a ditch beside the farmland, and the farmland ecological management unit (2) is at least one of a farmland drainage storage pond, a purification pond, and an ecological interception channel.

3. The farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety according to claim 1 is characterized by: The porous material (3) is arranged in the farmland ecological management unit (2) in a flat or vertical manner.

4. The farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety according to claim 1 is characterized by: The algae is at least one of diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria.

5. The farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety according to claim 1 is characterized by: The porous material (3) is at least one of chlorite and iron-carbon balls.

6. The farmland ecological management system for reducing direct discharge and ensuring ecological safety according to claim 1 is characterized by: The plant (4) is at least one of water plantain, water lily, and cattail.

7. A farmland ecological control method based on any farmland ecological management system in claims 1-6, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Construction of microecological algae system An agricultural field ecological management unit is set up in a ditch outside the farmland, shrimp algae and black algae are planted in the agricultural field ecological management unit, and the cutting method is used to propagate the plants in patches and intervals. A porous material is set up in the agricultural field ecological management unit in a flat or vertical manner, and algae grow on the surface of the porous material. The porous material is set up at intervals corresponding to the shrimp algae and black algae planting area; (2) Aquatic plant cultivation Plant aquatic plants at the edge of the farmland ecological management unit, and the planting position of the aquatic plants is separated from the micro-ecological bath system in step (1); (3) Online monitoring Build an online water quality monitoring system at the outlet of farmland water discharge to monitor the water quality of farmland water discharge in real time. Build an online monitoring system surveillance camera at the outlet of the farmland ecological management unit to check the water discharge situation in each area of ​​the project in real time, and respond to flood discharge during the flood season in combination with the online water quality situation. (4) Online management of water withdrawal According to the weather forecast, when receiving a precipitation warning, calculate the amount of farmland retreat water, combined with the water level of the farmland retreat water that has been stored in the farmland ecological management unit. If the cumulative water level exceeds 90% of the maximum water level in the farmland ecological management unit and there is no irrigation demand in the farmland, pre-reduction treatment will be carried out on the farmland retreat water that has been stored in the farmland ecological management unit; According to the weather forecast, when there is no precipitation warning or no need to discharge the retreated water, the online monitoring system monitors the retreated water quality in real time and provides effective data for the purification evaluation of the ecological governance project.

8. The farmland ecology control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the flood season, determine the project water level, combine the online water quality conditions, and realize early reuse or early discharge of farmland water to reach the pre-drop level and ensure the project water storage capacity; When the online water quality is poor, the farmland return water is reused and not discharged; When the online water quality is good, the water is discharged to the farmland.

9. The farmland ecology control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pre-drop treatment is specifically as follows: before the arrival of precipitation, when the online monitoring system shows that ammonia nitrogen is ≤1.5mg / L, total phosphorus is ≤0.3mg / L, and chemical oxygen demand is ≤30mg / L, the sluice gates on the farmland ecological management unit are controlled to discharge water to reach the pre-drop project water level and increase the storage capacity.

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