Compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers and relates to a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate. The invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate. The compound fertilizer is composed of a basic fertilizer, a plant growth regulator and organic modified vermiculite. The organic modified vermiculite is obtained after surface modification is conducted on the organic modified vermiculite through the rhamnolipid and the biochar, the organic modified vermiculite is applied in cooperation with the basic fertilizer and the plant growth regulator, and the organic modified vermiculite shows excellent effects in the aspects of loosening soil, increasing the crop yield, reducing the morbidity of yellows, improving the commercialization rate of fruits and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers and relates to a compound fertilizer capable of improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, chemical fertilizers are widely used as the core means to increase crop yields. However, the problem of soil degradation caused by the long-term application of traditional chemical fertilizers (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers) has become increasingly prominent, including soil compaction, organic matter loss, imbalance of microbial communities and increased acidification. These problems directly weaken the productivity and sustainability of the soil, causing the growth of crop yields to gradually enter a bottleneck period. At the same time, although soil improvement technologies (such as applying organic fertilizers or biochar) can improve the health of the soil, they generally have the defects of slow effect and mismatch with the short-term nutritional needs of crops. Therefore, how to achieve the synergistic improvement of soil ecological functions while ensuring high crop yields has become a key problem that needs to be broken through in the current field of agricultural technology.

[0003] Traditional chemical fertilizers are designed with fast-acting nutrients as the core concept, and they quickly promote crop growth through high-concentration nutrients. However, such fertilizers are prone to leaching or volatilization in the soil, and their utilization rate is usually less than 40%, which not only causes a waste of resources, but also destroys the soil aggregate structure due to salt accumulation. In addition, long-term application of chemical fertilizers will inhibit the activity of soil microorganisms, leading to the obstruction of organic matter decomposition and an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio, further aggravating soil degradation. Although slow-release fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers have partially alleviated the above problems, their effect in improving soil still depends on the long-term input of a large amount of organic matter, and it is difficult to achieve soil restoration and yield increase simultaneously during the crop growth cycle.

[0004] As a typical soil conditioner, biochar can effectively improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer and promote microbial colonization due to its porous structure, high specific surface area and stable carbon pool characteristics. However, biochar itself has a low nutrient content and cannot meet the demand for fast-acting nutrients during the vigorous growth period of crops when used alone. In addition, the adsorption effect of biochar on pesticides and heavy metals in the soil may indirectly affect the root system's absorption efficiency of nutrients. Therefore, how to dynamically couple the soil remediation function of biochar with nutrient supply is the key to improving its agricultural value.

[0005] As a biosurfactant, rhamnolipid can enhance the dispersibility of hydrophobic substances in the soil (such as nutrients loaded by biochar) by reducing interfacial tension, and its antibacterial properties can regulate the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities. Plant growth regulators (such as brassinolide) improve nutrient transport efficiency by regulating endogenous hormone levels in crops. However, in the prior art, the above-mentioned ingredients are mostly used independently in specific links (such as rhamnolipid for contaminated soil remediation), and have not yet formed a systematic integration with fertilizers and biochar, resulting in the failure to fully release the functional synergistic effect.

[0006] Current technical solutions mostly adopt a simple physical compounding model of "fertilizer + improver", which fails to resolve the following core contradictions: (1) Timeliness conflict: soil improvement requires a long-term process, while crop yield increase depends on immediate nutrient supply; (2) Spatial competition effect: there is a desorption kinetic barrier between nutrients adsorbed by biochar and those absorbed by crops; (3) Biological effectiveness limitation: the release cycle of regulators and fertilizers is difficult to accurately match with the crop growth rhythm. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to develop an integrated technology that can synchronously regulate the "soil-microorganism-crop" system, and through material function modification, release timing design and multi-component synergistic mechanism, break through the technical barriers of existing soil improvement and yield increase, which has important application value. In this regard, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer that improves nutrient absorption and utilization to solve this need in the field.

[0008] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization, comprising: mixing rhamnolipid and biochar to obtain a modified liquid;

[0009] Taking vermiculite, heating it at 250-500° C. for expansion for 1-3 minutes, cooling it to 60-80° C., then adding the modification liquid and mixing them thoroughly to obtain organic modified vermiculite;

[0010] The multi-nutrient fertilizer composition is prepared by fully mixing the basic fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the organic modified vermiculite.

[0011] Furthermore, in the method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present invention, the basic fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0012] Furthermore, in the method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present invention, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer comprises: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, humic acid and trace elements.

[0013] Furthermore, in the method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present invention, the biochar is fruit shell biochar or straw biochar.

[0014] Furthermore, in the method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present invention, the particle size of the biochar is 80 to 200 meshes.

[0015] Furthermore, in the method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present invention, the mass ratio of rhamnolipid, biochar and vermiculite is 10-30:5-20:100.

[0016] Furthermore, in the method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization provided by the present invention, the plant growth regulator is one of brassinolide, sodium nitrophenolate and ammonium hexanoate.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention relates to a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate.

[0018] Furthermore, in the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present invention, the mass ratio of the basic fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the organic modified vermiculite is 100:0.01-1:5-15.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0020] The core advantage of the present invention is that through the synergistic effect of organic modified vermiculite, basic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, the simultaneous optimization of soil improvement and crop yield increase is achieved. In terms of technical principle, vermiculite is expanded at high temperature to form a porous structure, and the surface modification of rhamnolipid and biochar is combined to significantly improve its nutrient loading and slow-release capacity. The pores of biochar adsorb nutrients, rhamnolipid reduces interfacial tension and promotes uniform release, and plant growth regulators (such as brassinolide) enhance nutrient transport efficiency by regulating endogenous hormone levels. This design breaks through the limitations of the simple compounding of traditional "fertilizer + improver + growth regulator". Through the dynamic combination of fast-acting nutrients and slow-release systems, it not only meets the short-term nutritional needs of crops, but also continuously improves soil structure, improves the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by crops, and solves timeliness conflicts. In addition, the antibacterial properties of rhamnolipid regulate the rhizosphere microbial community, and combined with the growth-promoting effect of biochar on beneficial microorganisms, effectively inhibits the occurrence of diseases and reduces the risk of chlorosis. The synergistic application of biochar and organically modified vermiculite also reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, improves the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by crops, alleviates soil compaction, and improves environmental friendliness. The overall technical solution achieves comprehensive optimization of the "soil-microorganism-crop" system through material function modification, release timing regulation and multi-component synergy mechanism, combining high efficiency and sustainability, and providing innovative solutions for modern agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The experimental methods and detection methods described in each embodiment are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials described are available on the market unless otherwise specified. The % in the following embodiments are all mass percentages unless otherwise specified. The ratios in the following embodiments are all mass ratios unless otherwise specified.

[0022] The sources of the raw materials used in the following examples are:

[0023] Basic fertilizer, Zhongye compound fertilizer, was provided by Shaanxi Zhongye Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0024] Rice straw biochar, 80-100 mesh, was purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd.

[0025] Corn straw biochar, 200 mesh, was purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd.

[0026] Apricot shell activated carbon was purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd. and ground through a 200-mesh sieve after purchase.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a process for preparing a compound fertilizer that improves nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency.

[0029] Take 10kg of rhamnolipid and 5kg of rice straw biochar, mix them evenly in a mixer, and then discharge them to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 250℃, heat and expand it for 1min, then cool it down to 60℃ through air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put the modified liquid into the mixer, mix it evenly, then discharge it, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the organic modified vermiculite, which is then bagged for use.

[0030] 100 kg of mid-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.01 kg of brassinolide and 5 kg of organic modified vermiculite are mixed evenly in a blender, and then the mixture is discharged, sealed and packaged for later use to obtain a multi-nutrient fertilizer composition.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This embodiment provides a process for preparing a compound fertilizer that improves nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency.

[0033] Take 15kg of rhamnolipid and 8kg of corn straw biochar, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge them to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300℃, heat and expand it for 2 minutes, then cool it down to 70℃ through air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put the modified liquid into the mixer, mix it evenly, then discharge it, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the organic modified vermiculite, which is then bagged for use.

[0034] Take 100 kg of mid-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of sodium nitrophenolate and 10 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge and seal them for use to obtain a multi-nutrient fertilizer composition.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] This embodiment provides a process for preparing a compound fertilizer that improves nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency.

[0037] Take 30kg of rhamnolipid and 20kg of apricot shell activated carbon, mix them evenly in a mixer, and then discharge them to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 500℃, heat and expand it for 3 minutes, then cool it down to 80℃ through air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put the modified liquid into the mixer, mix it evenly, then discharge it, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the organic modified vermiculite, which is then bagged for use.

[0038] Take 100 kg of mid-leaf compound fertilizer, 1 kg of ammonium ethyl hexanoate and 15 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge and seal them for standby use to obtain a multi-nutrient fertilizer composition.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] This comparative example is intended to illustrate the differences in vermiculite modification.

[0041] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300°C, heat and expand it for 2 minutes, then discharge it, and cool it to room temperature to obtain expanded vermiculite. Mix expanded vermiculite, 15 kg of rhamnolipid, 8 kg of corn straw biochar, 100 kg of mid-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of sodium nitrophenolate and 10 kg of organic modified vermiculite in a blender, then discharge it and seal it for use.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] This comparative example is intended to illustrate the difference between rhamnolipids and other surfactants.

[0044] Take 15kg of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and 8kg of corn straw biochar, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge them to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300℃, heat and expand it for 2 minutes, then cool it down to 70℃ through air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put the modified liquid into the blender to mix evenly, then discharge it, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the organic modified vermiculite, which is then bagged for use.

[0045] Take 100kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.1kg of sodium nitrophenolate and 10kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, then discharge and seal them for later use.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of biochar.

[0048] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300°C, heat and expand it for 2 minutes, cool it down to 70°C through air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put 15 kg of rhamnolipid into it, mix it evenly, then discharge it, cool it to room temperature, and get the organically modified vermiculite, bag it and set it aside.

[0049] Take 100kg of medium-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.1kg of sodium nitrophenolate and 10kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, then discharge and seal them for later use.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] This example is intended to illustrate the application of the multi-nutrient fertilizer composition provided by the present invention in loosening soil, increasing crop yield, reducing the incidence of chlorosis and improving the commercialization rate of fruits.

[0052] The test site was Yumen, Gansu Province. The test crop was Red Fuji apples. The trees were 5 years old and the soil was severely compacted. The fertilization method was to dig a 30 cm deep circular ditch around the tree crown after apples were picked in the autumn of the year, in early April of the following year, and in early July of the following year, and apply fertilizer at a rate of 2 kg per plant. Other field water and fertilizer management was normal.

[0053] (1) Soil improvement effect:

[0054] The changes in soil properties at 0-20 cm were detected before application and at harvest. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1: Soil improvement effects

[0056]

[0057] (2) Crop improvement effect:

[0058] At harvest, the yield, chlorosis incidence and fruit quality of each test were statistically analyzed. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2: Effects of crop improvement

[0060]

[0061] The test data show that after using the multi-nutrient fertilizer composition of the present invention, the soil bulk density is significantly reduced (for example, from 1.59 g / cm in Example 1 to 3 Down to 1.14g / cm 3 ), the soil organic matter content was greatly improved (from 8.4g / kg to 18.7g / kg in Example 1), indicating that soil looseness and fertility were enhanced simultaneously; while the improvement effect of the comparative example and the traditional basic fertilizer under the same conditions was obviously insufficient, for example, the soil organic matter of comparative example 1 was only increased to 13.7g / kg, and the soil bulk density did not decrease significantly. In terms of crop yield increase, the yield of the embodiments of the present invention was significantly improved (such as Example 3 reached 2154kg / hm 2 , while the basic fertilizer is only 1644kg / hm 2), the incidence of chlorosis was significantly reduced to 4.4%-5.1% (basic fertilizer was 18.3%), and the fruit quality such as coloring index and soluble solids content were also significantly better than those of the control group, indicating that it has the dual effects of increasing production and improving quality.

[0062] As described above, the basic principle, main features and advantages of the present invention are well described. The above embodiments and descriptions are only descriptions of the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this field to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, characterized in that: include: The rhamnolipid and the biochar are mixed to obtain a modified liquid; Taking vermiculite, heating it at 250-500° C. for expansion for 1-3 minutes, cooling it to 60-80° C., then adding the modification liquid and mixing them thoroughly to obtain organic modified vermiculite; The multi-nutrient fertilizer composition is prepared by fully mixing the basic fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the organic modified vermiculite.

2. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, humic acid and trace elements.

4. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is fruit shell biochar or straw biochar.

5. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the biochar is 80 to 200 meshes.

6. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of rhamnolipid, biochar and vermiculite is 10-30:5-20:

100.

7. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator is one of brassinolide, sodium nitrophenolate and ammonium ethyl hexanoate.

8. A compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer is prepared by the method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the basic fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the organic modified vermiculite is 100:0.01-1:5-15.

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