Compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizer, and relates to a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate.The present application provides a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate, which is composed of base fertilizer, plant growth regulator and organic modified vermiculite.The organic modified vermiculite is obtained by surface modification of the organic modified vermiculite by rhamnolipid and biochar, and is applied in combination with base fertilizer and plant growth regulator, and excellent effects are shown in terms of loose soil, increased crop yield, reduced incidence of yellowing disease and improved commercialization rate of fruits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizer, and relates to a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, chemical fertilizers, as the core means for crop yield increase, are widely used. However, the long-term use of traditional chemical fertilizers (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer) leads to increasingly prominent soil degradation problems, including soil compaction, loss of organic matter, imbalance of microbial community and accelerated acidification. These problems directly weaken the productivity and sustainability of the soil, leading to the gradual bottleneck of crop yield growth. At the same time, although soil improvement techniques (such as applying organic fertilizer or biochar) can improve the level of soil health, they generally have the defects of slow effect and mismatch with the short-term nutrient demand of crops. Therefore, how to ensure high crop yield while simultaneously achieving the coordinated improvement of soil ecological function has become a key problem that needs to be broken through in the field of agricultural technology.

[0003] Traditional chemical fertilizers are designed with the core concept of quick-acting nutrients, which can rapidly promote crop growth through high-concentration nutrient elements. However, such fertilizers are prone to leaching or volatilization in the soil, with a utilization rate usually lower than 40%, resulting not only in resource waste but also in the destruction of soil aggregate structure due to salt accumulation. In addition, long-term use of chemical fertilizers can inhibit soil microbial activity, leading to blocked organic matter decomposition and imbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio, further exacerbating soil degradation. Although slow-release fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers partially alleviate the above problems, their effect on soil improvement still depends on the long-term input of a large amount of organic matter, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve soil repair and yield increase within the crop growth period.

[0004] Biochar, as a typical soil amendment, can effectively improve the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity and promote microbial colonization due to its porous structure, high specific surface area and stable carbon pool characteristics. However, biochar itself has low nutrient content and cannot meet the demand for quick-acting nutrients during the vigorous growth period of crops when used alone. In addition, the adsorption effect of biochar on pesticides and heavy metals in the soil may indirectly affect the nutrient absorption efficiency of the roots. Therefore, how to dynamically couple the soil repair function of biochar with nutrient supply is the key to improving its agricultural value.

[0005] Rhamnolipids, as a kind of biological surfactant, can enhance the dispersibility of hydrophobic substances (such as nutrients loaded by biochar) in the soil by reducing the interfacial tension, and its antibacterial properties can adjust the rhizosphere microbial community structure. Plant growth regulators (such as brassinosteroids) can improve nutrient transport efficiency by regulating endogenous hormone levels in crops. However, the above components in the existing technology are mostly used independently in specific links (such as rhamnolipids for contaminated soil remediation), and have not been systematically integrated with fertilizers and biochar, resulting in the failure to fully release the synergistic effect of functions.

[0006] The current technical solution adopts a simple physical compounding mode of "fertilizer + modifier", which fails to solve the following core contradictions: (1) timeliness conflict: soil improvement requires a long-term process, while crop yield increase relies on immediate nutrient supply; (2) space competition effect: there is a desorption kinetics barrier between the nutrients adsorbed by biochar and the absorption of crops; (3) biological availability limitation: the release period of the modifier and the fertilizer is difficult to accurately match the growth rhythm of crops. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to develop an integrated technology that can simultaneously regulate the "soil-microorganism-crop" system, break through the technical barriers that existing soil improvement and yield increase are difficult to balance, and has important application value through material function modification, release timing design and multi-component synergistic mechanism. To this end, the present application provides a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate to solve this need in the art.

[0008] In one aspect, the present application relates to a preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate, comprising: mixing rhamnolipid and biochar to obtain a modified liquid;

[0009] After vermiculite is heated and expanded at 250-500 DEG C for 1-3 min and cooled to 60-80 DEG C, the modified liquid is added and mixed thoroughly to obtain organic modified vermiculite;

[0010] The base fertilizer, plant growth regulator and organic modified vermiculite are thoroughly mixed to obtain the multi-nutrient fertilizer composition.

[0011] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present application, the base fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0012] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present application, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer comprises: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, humic acid and trace elements.

[0013] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present application, the biochar is fruit shell biochar or straw biochar.

[0014] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present application, the particle size of the biochar is 80-200 mesh.

[0015] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate provided by the present application, the mass ratio of rhamnolipid, biochar and vermiculite is 10-30:5-20:100.

[0016] Further, in the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization provided by the application, the plant growth regulator is one of brassinolide, sodium complex nitrophenol and amaranth ester.

[0017] In another aspect, the application relates to a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization, which is prepared by the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization.

[0018] Further, in the compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization provided by the application, the mass ratio of the base fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the organic modified vermiculite is 100:0.01-1:5-15.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the application has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0020] The core advantage of the application is that the soil improvement and crop yield increase are simultaneously optimized through the synergistic effect of the organic modified vermiculite, the base fertilizer and the plant growth regulator. On the technical principle, the vermiculite is expanded at high temperature to form a porous structure, which is combined with the surface modification of rhamnolipid and biochar to significantly improve the nutrient loading and slow-release capacity. The biochar adsorbs nutrients in the pores, and the rhamnolipid reduces the interfacial tension to promote uniform release, and the plant growth regulator (such as brassinolide) enhances the nutrient transport efficiency by regulating the endogenous hormone level. This design breaks through the limitation of the traditional simple combination of "fertilizer + modifier + growth regulator", and dynamically combines the quick-acting nutrients and the slow-release system, which not only meets the short-term nutritional needs of crops, but also continuously improves the soil structure and improves the nutrient absorption and utilization rate of crops, thereby solving the time-efficiency conflict. In addition, the antibacterial property of rhamnolipid regulates the rhizosphere microbial community, combined with the growth-promoting effect of biochar on beneficial microorganisms, effectively inhibits the occurrence of diseases and reduces the risk of yellowing disease. The synergistic application of biochar and organic modified vermiculite also reduces the use amount of chemical fertilizer, improves the nutrient absorption and utilization rate of crops, relieves soil compaction, and improves environmental friendliness. The overall technical scheme realizes the comprehensive optimization of the "soil-microorganism-crop" system through material function modification, release time sequence regulation and multi-component synergistic mechanism, and has high efficiency and sustainability, thereby providing an innovative solution for modern agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Hereinafter, the technical scheme of the application will be described in conjunction with examples, but the application is not limited to the following examples. The experimental methods and detection methods described in each example are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; and the reagents and materials described are commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the following examples, % is mass percent unless otherwise specified. In the following examples, the ratio is mass ratio unless otherwise specified.

[0022] In the following examples, the sources of raw materials are as follows:

[0023] Base fertilizer, middle leaf compound fertilizer, provided by Shaanxi Middle Leaf Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0024] Rice straw biochar, 80-100 mesh, purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Material Co., Ltd.

[0025] Corn straw biochar, 200 mesh, purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Material Co., Ltd.

[0026] Apricot shell activated carbon, purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Material Co., Ltd., and ground through a 200 mesh sieve after purchase.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The present example provides a preparation process of a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate.

[0029] Take 10 kg of rhamnolipid and 5 kg of rice straw biochar, mix them uniformly in a blender, and then discharge to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 250°C, heat and expand for 1 min, then discharge and cool to 60°C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, finally put in the modified liquid, mix uniformly, and then discharge, cool to room temperature, and get the organic modified vermiculite, which is packed for use.

[0030] Take 100 kg of middle leaf compound fertilizer, 0.01 kg of brassinolide, and 5 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them uniformly in a blender, and then discharge and seal for packaging, which is a multi-nutrient fertilizer composition.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The present example provides a preparation process of a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate.

[0033] Take 15 kg of rhamnolipid and 8 kg of corn straw biochar, mix them uniformly in a blender, and then discharge to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300°C, heat and expand for 2 min, then discharge and cool to 70°C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, finally put in the modified liquid, mix uniformly, and then discharge, cool to room temperature, and get the organic modified vermiculite, which is packed for use.

[0034] Take 100 kg of middle leaf compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of sodium complex nitrophenol, and 10 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them uniformly in a blender, and then discharge and seal for packaging, which is a multi-nutrient fertilizer composition.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] The present example provides a preparation process of a compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization rate.

[0037] Take 30 kg of rhamnolipid and 20 kg of apricot shell activated carbon, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 500°C, heat it for 3 minutes, then discharge it and cool it to 80°C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put it into the modified liquid, mix evenly, and then discharge, cool to room temperature, and pack to obtain organic modified vermiculite for use.

[0038] Take 100 kg of middle-leaf compound fertilizer, 1 kg of amaranthine, and 15 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge and seal for packaging, which is a multi-nutrient fertilizer composition.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] This comparative example is intended to illustrate the difference in vermiculite modification.

[0041] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300°C, heat it for 2 minutes, then discharge it, cool it to room temperature, and obtain expanded vermiculite. Take 15 kg of rhamnolipid, 8 kg of corn straw biochar, 100 kg of middle-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of sodium complex nitrophenol, and 10 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge and seal for packaging.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] This comparative example is intended to illustrate the difference between rhamnolipid and other surfactants.

[0044] Take 15 kg of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 8 kg of corn straw biochar, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge to obtain a modified liquid. Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300°C, heat it for 2 minutes, then discharge it and cool it to 70°C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put it into the modified liquid, mix evenly, and then discharge, cool to room temperature, and pack to obtain organic modified vermiculite for use.

[0045] Take 100 kg of middle-leaf compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of sodium complex nitrophenol, and 10 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, and then discharge and seal for packaging.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] This comparative example is intended to illustrate the role of biochar.

[0048] Take 100 kg of vermiculite, put it into a rotary kiln at 300°C, heat it for 2 minutes, then discharge it and cool it to 70°C by air cooling, put it into a continuous mixer, and finally put it into 15 kg of rhamnolipid, mix evenly, and then discharge, cool to room temperature, and pack to obtain organic modified vermiculite for use.

[0049] Take 100 kg of middle leaf composite fertilizer, 0.1 kg of complex sodium nitrophenol and 10 kg of organic modified vermiculite, mix them evenly in a blender, then seal and package the product for use.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] This example is intended to illustrate the application of the multi-nutrient fertilizer composition provided by the present application in loose soil, increasing crop yield, reducing the incidence of chlorosis and improving the commercialization rate of fruits.

[0052] The test site is Yumen, Gansu, and the test crop is Red Fuji apple, with a tree age of 5 years and serious soil compaction. The fertilization method is to dig a 30 cm deep ring-shaped ditch at the tree crown after the apple is picked in the autumn of the current year, in the early April of the following year and in the early July of the following year, and apply 2 kg per plant. Other field water and fertilizer management is normal.

[0053] (1) Soil improvement effect:

[0054] The properties of the 0-20 cm soil were detected before application and at harvest, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1: Soil improvement effect

[0056]

[0057] (2) Crop improvement effect:

[0058] At harvest, the yield, incidence of chlorosis and fruit quality of each test were counted, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2: Crop improvement effect

[0060]

[0061] The test data show that after using the multi-nutrient fertilizer composition of the present application, the soil bulk density is significantly reduced (from 1.59 g / cm 3 to 1.14 g / cm 3 in Example 1), and the soil organic matter content is greatly increased (from 8.4 g / kg to 18.7 g / kg in Example 1), indicating that the soil porosity and fertility are simultaneously enhanced; the improvement effect of the comparative examples and the traditional base fertilizer under the same conditions is obviously insufficient, for example, the soil organic matter of Comparative Example 1 is only increased to 13.7 g / kg, and the soil bulk density does not decrease significantly. In terms of crop yield, the yield of the examples of the present application is significantly improved (for example, 2154 kg / hm 2 in Example 3, while the base fertilizer is only 1644 kg / hm 2), the incidence of yellowing disease was greatly reduced to 4.4-5.1% (the base fertilizer was 18.3%), and the fruit quality such as the coloring index and the soluble solid content was also significantly better than that of the control group, indicating that it has the dual effects of yield increase and quality improvement.

[0062] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are better described as mentioned above. The above examples and descriptions are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the present application is not limited by the above examples. Various changes and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer that improves nutrient absorption and utilization, characterized in that, include: A modified solution was obtained by mixing rhamnolipin and biochar. Vermiculite is heated to 250–500°C and expanded for 1–3 minutes, then cooled to 60–80°C. The modified liquid is then added and mixed thoroughly to obtain organically modified vermiculite. The compound fertilizer is prepared by thoroughly mixing basic fertilizer, plant growth regulator and organic modified vermiculite; The mass ratio of rhamnolipin, biochar, and vermiculite is 10~30:5~20:100; The mass ratio of the basic fertilizer, the plant growth regulator, and the organic modified vermiculite is 100:0.01~1:5~15; The biochar has a particle size of 80-200 mesh.

2. The method for preparing compound fertilizer with improved nutrient absorption and utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing compound fertilizer with improved nutrient absorption and utilization rate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer includes: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, humic acid, and trace elements.

4. The method for preparing compound fertilizer with improved nutrient absorption and utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biochar is either fruit shell biochar or straw biochar.

5. The method for preparing compound fertilizer with improved nutrient absorption and utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant growth regulator is one of brassinolide, sodium nitrophenolate, and aminoethyl ester.

6. A compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer for improving nutrient absorption and utilization is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 5.

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