Process method for preparing organic fertilizer for efficiently inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure

Abstract

The invention discloses a process method for preparing an organic fertilizer for efficiently inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure, and the pig manure is converted into the efficient and environment-friendly organic fertilizer through a series of optimization treatment steps. The technology comprises the following key steps: firstly, pig manure is subjected to collection, pretreatment and heavy metal detection, and it is ensured that raw materials meet the environmental protection standard; then adjusting the ratio of pig manure to auxiliary materials (such as pepper oil residue, tobacco stem powder, straw powder, sawdust and the like), and optimizing the carbon nitrogen ratio and the moisture content; adding a compound microbial agent into the fermentation tank, controlling the fermentation temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration, and ensuring the microbial activity; through graded fermentation, deodorization and germ killing treatment, peculiar smell and harmful substances are effectively removed; the nutrient content and the stability of the fertilizer are further improved through the steps of drying, crushing, curing and the like; and finally, reinforced modification is performed, and mineral substances, trace elements and a biocontrol inoculant are added, so that the finished product fertilizer has a good soil-borne disease inhibition effect and a good soil improvement effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production, and in particular to a process for preparing organic fertilizer capable of efficiently inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure. Background Art

[0002] Organic fertilizer is a fertilizer obtained by fermenting organic matter. It is usually made from crop residues, animal manure, plant waste, food waste, etc. It has the advantages of improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility, and promoting crop growth. The use of organic fertilizers has gradually become a green and environmentally friendly alternative. Pig manure, as a widely available, large-volume, and easily accessible organic waste, has become an ideal raw material for the production of organic fertilizers. However, the existing pig manure treatment technology has many shortcomings, which limits its widespread application as a high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

[0003] Pig manure contains a certain amount of heavy metals, antibiotic residues, pathogenic microorganisms and other harmful components. If these components are not effectively treated, they will pollute the soil and crops and even affect food safety. In the prior art, the pretreatment and purification technology of pig manure is relatively simple. Most of them use physical means to remove large particles of impurities and harmful substances, but the removal effect of heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms is not ideal, and it is difficult to ensure the safety of the product. For example, the common physical separation or simple stacking fermentation treatment can remove some pollutants, but it cannot effectively remove pathogenic microorganisms such as heavy metals and bacteria. Therefore, how to effectively remove these harmful components in the process of pig manure treatment is an important problem that needs to be solved in the current technology.

[0004] Fermentation is a key step in converting pig manure into organic fertilizer. In the traditional pig manure fermentation process, it is usually dependent on the degradation of natural microorganisms, and it is difficult to control parameters such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen content of the fermentation process. Especially in large-scale production, the management of the fermentation tank is difficult, which often leads to large temperature fluctuations, insufficient oxygen supply, low fermentation efficiency, and even fermentation failure. In the prior art, although some fermentation equipment can automatically monitor temperature and humidity and adjust the ventilation system, there are still deficiencies in the precise control of oxygen supply and uniformity of temperature distribution, and it is difficult to ensure that microorganisms can fully play their role under optimal conditions. This problem directly affects the production cycle of organic fertilizers, fertilizer quality, and the activity of beneficial microorganisms in fertilizers.

[0005] During the fermentation of pig manure, the emission of malodorous gases (such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) is quite serious, which not only affects the surrounding environment, but also easily spreads pathogens. Therefore, the organic fertilizer material after fermentation needs to be deodorized. However, the deodorization methods in the prior art mainly rely on physical adsorption or chemical reagent treatment. These methods have limited effects on the removal of odors and may cause secondary pollution to the environment. Moreover, the traditional pig manure fermentation technology is not satisfactory in terms of sterilization and disinfection, especially in the removal of pathogenic microorganisms, insect eggs and weed seeds, which usually requires a long time and more complicated treatment methods.

[0006] The quality of organic fertilizer depends not only on the selection of raw materials and the processing technology, but also on the degree of fertilizer maturation and modification technology. After fermentation, the fertilizer value of pig manure has not been fully released, and there may be a high ammonia nitrogen content, resulting in unstable fertilizer release. Most of the existing pig manure fertilizers lack systematic maturation treatment. In this process, problems such as nitrogen volatilization, nutrient loss and unstable particle structure are more prominent.

[0007] In addition, the demand for fertilizers in modern agriculture is no longer limited to traditional basic fertilizers. In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use and reduce the impact on the environment, many farms and agricultural producers need functional organic fertilizers with slow-release properties, compression resistance, and the ability to improve soil. However, the traditional pig manure organic fertilizer production process usually fails to strengthen and modify the fertilizer, which makes it difficult for the produced organic fertilizer to meet the high-standard agricultural needs. For example, many existing organic fertilizer granules are easy to break during application, have a short service life, and are difficult to achieve a sustained and stable fertilizer effect.

[0008] With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, the traditional organic fertilizer production model is gradually unable to meet the needs of large-scale production. The existing pig manure organic fertilizer production process often relies on a lot of manual operations, with low production efficiency and high costs. In addition, it is difficult to ensure the uniform quality of each batch of fertilizer in large-scale production. Although some manufacturers have begun to introduce automated equipment, the overall automation level is still low, and it is impossible to achieve full-process automated monitoring and precise control. Especially in the fermentation and maturation stages, manual intervention and experience reliance are relatively large, which often leads to instability in the production process.

[0009] At present, most pig manure organic fertilizer production processes lack a strict quality control system, resulting in large differences in the nutritional content, slow-release properties and soil improvement effects of the final product. In the fertilizer production process, indicators such as fertilizer nutrient content, particle size, and compressive strength often fail to meet standards, seriously affecting its market competitiveness. In addition, the existing production standardization system is not sound, resulting in large differences in the quality of organic fertilizers produced in various places, causing confusion among farmers and agricultural producers about the selection and use of fertilizers.

[0010] With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the agricultural field has put forward higher environmental protection standards for the production of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. However, traditional pig manure treatment technology often does not fully consider environmental issues, such as gas emissions generated during fermentation, wastewater treatment, resource recycling, etc., which not only affects the environment but also increases production costs. How to reduce the negative impact on the environment while ensuring efficient production is an important direction of current technological development.

[0011] Although the existing pig manure treatment technology has solved the problem of harmless treatment of pig manure to a certain extent, there are still problems such as heavy metal pollution, odor emission, insufficient fermentation control, and incomplete fertilizer modification. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a more efficient, environmentally friendly pig manure organic fertilizer production process that can meet the needs of modern agriculture. Solving the above problems can not only improve the quality of organic fertilizer, but also promote the recycling of resources and achieve the goal of sustainable agricultural development.

[0012] Therefore, we urgently need to design a process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0013] On the one hand, the present invention provides a process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Collection and pretreatment: Collect fresh pig manure and remove plastic and stone foreign matter; use a crusher to crush the pig manure to a particle size of less than 10 mm; before processing, test the heavy metal content and harmful components in the pig manure to ensure that they meet environmental protection standards, and obtain the treated pig manure raw material;

[0015] Adjusting the ratio: adding pepper oil residue, tobacco stem powder, straw powder, sawdust or rice husk auxiliary materials to the above-treated pig manure raw materials according to the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio and water content; adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20:1 to 30:1, and adjusting the water content to 50%-60% by adding rice husk powder to absorb excess water; obtaining a prepared mixture;

[0016] Addition of auxiliary materials: Add 10-40% of pepper oil residue as auxiliary materials. Pepper oil residue has the following functions:

[0017] Its pungent smell repels some soil and root pests;

[0018] The extract (the extract after soaking in water) has an antagonistic and inhibitory effect on some soil pathogens and root-knot nematodes;

[0019] The high organic matter content can supplement the organic matter content of pig manure organic fertilizer;

[0020] Add tobacco stem powder as an auxiliary material, which is rich in nicotine and has similar effects to pepper oil residue, and is used to repel insects, prevent diseases and increase organic matter content;

[0021] Fermentation treatment: Place the prepared mixture in a fermentation tank and add a composite high-efficiency microbial agent; control the fermentation temperature at 50°C to 60°C for 7 to 14 days, during which the pile is turned every 2 to 3 days, and the turning height is maintained at 1 to 1.5 meters; during the fermentation process, monitor the oxygen concentration in real time and maintain a suitable oxidation environment through intelligent oxygen supply equipment to promote microbial activity and obtain fermented organic materials;

[0022] Gradual fermentation: The organic materials after the above fermentation are subjected to graded fermentation; the first stage of fermentation rapidly degrades organic matter under high temperature conditions, kills pathogenic microorganisms, insect eggs and weed seeds, and the temperature is greater than 55°C; the second stage of fermentation stabilizes nutrients under medium temperature conditions, and the temperature is between 40°C and 50°C; in the second stage of fermentation, probiotics are added to improve the biological activity of the finished fertilizer to obtain the organic fertilizer base material after graded fermentation;

[0023] Deodorization and sterilization of pathogens: Deodorize the above-mentioned organic fertilizer base materials, and spray biological deodorants or plant extracts during the fermentation process to effectively reduce the odor; biological deodorants use lactic acid bacteria preparations, and plant extracts use mint extracts; in the high temperature stage, for three days, pathogenic microorganisms and insect eggs are completely killed to obtain deodorized organic fertilizer materials;

[0024] Drying and crushing: The deodorized organic fertilizer material is subjected to mechanical dehydration equipment to reduce the moisture content to below 30%, and then further dried to below 15% by a drum dryer to obtain crushed and refined material;

[0025] Maturation treatment: the crushed and refined materials are placed in a maturation bin for secondary maturation for 5 to 10 days; during the maturation process, aeration is regularly supplied with oxygen using an aerator, and the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content are monitored to obtain a matured basic fertilizer;

[0026] Enhanced modification: modify the above-mentioned matured basic fertilizer; gradually add a variety of mineral additives during the maturation process, including bentonite, zeolite powder, silicate and gypsum; then add trace element fertilizers, including boron, zinc and copper; then add slow-release polymer coating materials; fully mix through mechanical mixing equipment during the modification process, and monitor the mixing uniformity and the integrity of the particle structure; neutralize after modification, and reduce the possible acidity and alkalinity of the soil by adjusting the pH value to the range of 6.5-7.5; obtain the modified finished fertilizer material;

[0027] Granulation and packaging: The modified finished fertilizer material is granulated into granules by a disc granulator or a drum granulator, and the particle size is controlled at 2 to 5 mm; pine fungi and natural binders such as lignin or starch are added during the granulation process;

[0028] Finally, the fertilizer is packed and sealed by automated packaging equipment, with the fertilizer ingredients and instructions for use marked.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the auxiliary materials may include fungus residue, crop waste, bagasse, yeast residue or pine bacteria to further increase the organic matter content and diversity.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the microbial agent is a composite agent, comprising at least one phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria and actinomycetes, and the proportion of the agent is dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of the raw materials.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, temperature, humidity and oxygen sensors are installed in the fermentation tank, and the frequency of compost turning, oxygen supply and humidity level are automatically regulated by an intelligent system.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the drying step may adopt a solar-assisted drying system to save energy while improving processing efficiency.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, adding yeast and Bacillus subtilis during the maturation treatment can further increase the content of beneficial microorganisms in the fertilizer and improve the soil microecological environment.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the proportion of the mineral additive is 2% to 5% of the weight of the cooked material to improve the water absorption and pressure resistance of the particles.

[0035] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a water-resistant polymer material coating can be sprayed on the surface of the particles during the granulation process to prevent the particles from absorbing moisture and deteriorating during storage and transportation, while enhancing the stability and compressive resistance of the particles. The coating material is a degradable polymer to ensure that it can be quickly degraded when used in the soil without affecting the solubility of the fertilizer and the nutrient release rate; in addition, the coating thickness is controlled at 10-50 microns to balance the moisture resistance and solubility of the particles.

[0036] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the compressive strength of the finished granular organic fertilizer is greater than 5N, and can be applied to mechanized spreading equipment.

[0037] A high-efficiency organic fertilizer prepared from pig manure has a total nutrient content (nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium) of not less than 6%, an organic matter content of not less than 50%, a moisture content of not more than 15%, and has slow-release properties, compression resistance and significant soil improvement effects.

[0038] Beneficial Effects

[0039] This technical solution transforms livestock and poultry waste into high-value organic fertilizer through scientific treatment and efficient utilization of pig manure, realizing the resource utilization and recycling of agricultural waste. At the same time, by adding microbial agents to decompose organic matter, the residual harmful components in the waste are significantly reduced, the pollution to the environment is reduced, and it helps to improve the agricultural ecological environment.

[0040] This technical solution significantly improves the organic matter content and total nutrient level of fertilizers through modification treatment and graded fermentation, and has slow-release performance and pressure resistance, which can meet the long-term fertilizer supply needs of different crops. In addition, the addition of mineral additives such as bentonite, zeolite powder, silicate and trace element fertilizers can effectively improve soil structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promote crop growth.

[0041] This technical solution adopts a refined granulation process to control the diameter and strength of fertilizer particles, and with a degradable polymer coating, the fertilizer is suitable for mechanized spreading equipment, improving the efficiency and convenience of use. In addition, the product has good moisture resistance and slow release properties, suitable for a variety of agricultural environments and crop types, further promoting the green development of modern agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with multiple embodiments.

[0044] The invention relates to a process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure. The process finally obtains organic fertilizer with good nutritional components, slow-release performance and compression resistance by multi-step treatment, fermentation, modification and granulation of pig manure, and is suitable for farmland fertilization and soil improvement.

[0045] Implementation steps:

[0046] Collection and pre-processing:

[0047] Collect fresh pig manure and remove foreign matter such as plastic and stones.

[0048] Use a grinder to grind the pig manure into particles less than 10 mm.

[0049] Before processing, professional testing equipment is used to test the heavy metal content and harmful components in pig manure to ensure that it meets environmental protection standards.

[0050] Adjust the ratio: adjust the treated pig manure raw materials according to the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content, add auxiliary materials such as straw powder, sawdust or rice husks, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20:1 to 30:1.

[0051] The moisture content is adjusted to 50%-60% by adding rice husk powder to absorb excess moisture.

[0052] Fermentation treatment: placing the prepared mixture in a fermentation tank, adding a composite high-efficiency microbial agent, the composite agent comprising at least one phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria and actinomycetes.

[0053] The fermentation temperature is controlled at 50℃ to 60℃, and the fermentation time is 7 to 14 days. The pile is turned every 2 to 3 days, and the turning height is kept at 1 to 1.5 meters.

[0054] Monitor oxygen concentration in real time and use an intelligent system to automatically adjust the frequency of turning the pile, oxygen supply and humidity.

[0055] Gradual fermentation: First stage fermentation: at a high temperature above 55°C, organic matter is rapidly degraded, pathogenic microorganisms, insect eggs and weed seeds are killed.

[0056] Second stage fermentation: The temperature is controlled between 40℃ and 50℃ to stabilize nutrients, and probiotics are added to improve the biological activity of the fertilizer.

[0057] Deodorization and sterilization of pathogens: Biological deodorants (such as lactic acid bacteria preparations) and plant extracts (such as mint extracts) are sprayed during the fermentation process to reduce odor.

[0058] The high temperature stage lasts for three days, completely killing pathogenic microorganisms and insect eggs.

[0059] Drying and crushing: Use mechanical dehydration equipment to reduce the moisture content of the deodorized organic fertilizer material to less than 30%, and then use a drum dryer to further dry it to less than 15% to obtain crushed and refined materials.

[0060] Maturation treatment: The crushed and refined materials are placed in the maturation bin for secondary maturation, which lasts for 5 to 10 days. During the maturation process, aeration devices are used to regularly supply oxygen, and the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content are monitored.

[0061] Strengthening modification: During the aging process, mineral additives such as bentonite, zeolite powder, silicate and gypsum are gradually added in a proportion of 2% to 5% of the weight of the aging material to improve the water absorption and pressure resistance of the particles.

[0062] At the same time, trace element fertilizers (such as boron, zinc, and copper) and slow-release polymer coating materials are added, and finally fully mixed through mechanical mixing equipment.

[0063] Granulation and Packaging: The modified finished fertilizer material is granulated by a disc granulator or a drum granulator, and the particle size is controlled at 2 to 5 mm.

[0064] Natural binders such as lignin or starch are used in the pelletizing process.

[0065] Finally, the finished fertilizer is bagged and sealed by automated packaging equipment, and the fertilizer ingredients and instructions for use are marked.

[0066] The following is a specific description in conjunction with several embodiments:

[0067] Example 1 Raw material preparation: 2000 kg of fresh pig manure was collected, and after removing foreign matter such as plastic and stones through mechanical screening, the pig manure was crushed into a particle size of less than 10 mm using a crusher. The treated pig manure was tested for heavy metal content and harmful substances to ensure that it met environmental protection standards.

[0068] Auxiliary material addition: add 400 kg straw powder and 200 kg rice husk to pig manure;

[0069] Add 300 kg of pepper oil residue (accounting for 15% of the total material), the pepper oil residue repels pests with its pungent smell and increases the organic matter content of organic fertilizer;

[0070] 100 kg of tobacco stem powder (5% of the total material) was added to further enhance the effects of repelling insects, preventing diseases and increasing organic matter.

[0071] Addition of microbial agents: Add 5 kg of laboratory-screened pine-loving bacteria to the mixture. This agent can effectively antagonize pathogens such as wheat root rot, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, and enhance the disease resistance of the fertilizer.

[0072] Fermentation treatment: Put the mixture into the fermentation tank, add 10 kg of composite high-efficiency microbial agents (including phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria), control the fermentation temperature at 55°C, turn the pile to a height of 1.2 meters, turn the pile every 2 days for 14 days. During the fermentation process, the oxygen concentration is monitored by an oxygen sensor, and the oxygen level is maintained using intelligent oxygen supply equipment.

[0073] Fermentation treatment: Place the mixture into a fermentation tank, add 10 kg of composite high-efficiency microbial agent, control the fermentation temperature at 55°C, turn the pile to a height of 1.2 meters, and turn the pile every 2 days for 14 days. During the fermentation process, the oxygen concentration is monitored by an oxygen sensor, and the oxygen level is maintained using intelligent oxygen supply equipment.

[0074] Gradual fermentation: The first stage of fermentation: high temperature stage (>55℃) for rapid degradation and killing of pathogenic microorganisms and insect eggs.

[0075] The second stage of fermentation: the medium temperature stage (45°C) stabilizes nutrients, during which 5 kg of Bacillus subtilis is added to further enhance the activity of the fertilizer.

[0076] Drying and crushing: Use mechanical dehydration equipment to dehydrate the fermented materials to 30% moisture content, and then use a drum dryer to reduce the moisture content to 15%. Use a crusher to process the materials to a particle size of less than 3 mm.

[0077] Maturation treatment: The crushed material was placed in a aging bin for secondary aging for 10 days. During the aging period, bentonite (2% of the weight of the aging material) and zeolite powder (3%) were added, oxygen was regularly supplied through the aeration device, and the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content were monitored.

[0078] Granulation and coating: The pellets were granulated using a disc granulator with a controlled particle diameter of 3 mm and sprayed with a 25 μm thick biodegradable polymer coating.

[0079] Table 1: Product performance indicators of Example 1

[0080] Performance Indicators data Total nutrient content (%) 7.0 Organic matter content (%) 53 Water content (%) 15 Compressive strength(N) 8 Sustained release time (days) 35

[0081] Test Example 1: Test design: A comparative test was conducted on wheat planted in a farmland in Shandong Province. The test was divided into three groups:

[0082] Control group: no fertilizer;

[0083] Fertilizer group: conventional fertilizer 1000 kg / ha;

[0084] Example 1 Organic fertilizer group: 6000 kg / hectare of the organic fertilizer of Example 1 was applied.

[0085] Test results:

[0086] Processing Yield (kg / hectare) Yield increase rate (%) Soil organic matter content (%) Control group 5000 - 0.95 Fertilizer Group 6500 30.0 0.98 Organic fertilizer group 7200 44.0 1.15

[0087] Test analysis: The results show that the application of the organic fertilizer in Example 1 is effective in increasing wheat yield and improving soil organic matter.

[0088] Example 2: Raw material preparation: 3000 kg of pig manure was collected, and after removing plastics and debris, it was crushed to a particle size of less than 10 mm, and 600 kg of fungus residue was added.

[0089] Auxiliary material ratio:

[0090] Add 400 kg of straw powder and 200 kg of rice husk;

[0091] Add 450 kg of pepper oil residue (accounting for 15% of the total material);

[0092] Adding 150 kg of tobacco stem powder (5% of the total material) can further enhance the insect repellent and pathogen antagonism effects.

[0093] Addition of microbial agents: Adding 7 kg of pine-loving bacteria screened in the laboratory can significantly inhibit pathogens (such as wheat root rot and Botrytis cinerea) and enhance the disease resistance of the fertilizer.

[0094] Fermentation stage:

[0095] The first stage of high temperature fermentation: Fermentation is carried out at 55℃ to 60℃ for 14 days;

[0096] The second stage is medium temperature fermentation: the temperature is controlled at 40℃ to 50℃, during which 5 kg of Bacillus subtilis and 3 kg of probiotics are added to improve the activity of the fertilizer.

[0097] Drying and maturation: Use drum drying equipment to reduce the moisture to 15%. Silicate (4%) and trace element fertilizers (zinc 1%, boron 0.5%) are added during the maturation period, and the maturation time is 12 days.

[0098] Granulation and packaging: Using a rotary drum granulator, the particle diameter is controlled at 3-5 mm, and a 30-micron polymer coating is sprayed on the surface.

[0099] Table 2: Product performance indicators of Example 2

[0100] Performance Indicators data Total nutrient content (%) 7.2 Organic matter content (%) 54 Water content (%) 14 Compressive strength(N) 8.5 Sustained release time (days) 36

[0101] Test Example 2: Test Design: A comparative test was conducted in a rice field in Hunan Province. The test was divided into three groups:

[0102] Control group: no fertilizer;

[0103] Fertilizer group: conventional fertilizer dosage 1000 kg / ha;

[0104] Example 2 Organic fertilizer group: 6000 kg / hectare of the organic fertilizer of Example 2 was applied.

[0105] Test results:

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] Test analysis: The results show that the organic fertilizer in Example 2 has better effects on rice yield and soil improvement than traditional chemical fertilizers.

[0109] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collection and pretreatment: Collect fresh pig manure and remove plastic and stone foreign matter; use a crusher to crush the pig manure to a particle size of less than 10 mm; before processing, test the heavy metal content and harmful components in the pig manure to ensure that they meet environmental protection standards, and obtain the treated pig manure raw material; Adjusting the ratio: adding pepper oil residue, tobacco stem powder, straw powder, sawdust or rice husk auxiliary materials to the above-treated pig manure raw materials according to the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio and water content; adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20:1 to 30:1, and adjusting the water content to 50%-60% by adding rice husk powder to absorb excess water; obtaining a prepared mixture; Addition of auxiliary materials: Add 10-40% of pepper oil residue as auxiliary materials. Pepper oil residue has the following functions: Its pungent smell repels some soil and root pests; The extract (the extract after soaking in water) has an antagonistic and inhibitory effect on some soil pathogens and root-knot nematodes; The high organic matter content can supplement the organic matter content of pig manure organic fertilizer; Add tobacco stem powder as an auxiliary material, which is rich in nicotine and has similar effects to pepper oil residue, and is used to repel insects, prevent diseases and increase organic matter content; Fermentation treatment: Place the prepared mixture in a fermentation tank and add a composite high-efficiency microbial agent; control the fermentation temperature at 50°C to 60°C for 7 to 14 days, during which the pile is turned every 2 to 3 days, and the turning height is maintained at 1 to 1.5 meters; during the fermentation process, monitor the oxygen concentration in real time and maintain a suitable oxidation environment through intelligent oxygen supply equipment to promote microbial activity and obtain fermented organic materials; Gradual fermentation: The organic materials after the above fermentation are subjected to graded fermentation; the first stage of fermentation rapidly degrades organic matter under high temperature conditions, kills pathogenic microorganisms, insect eggs and weed seeds, and the temperature is greater than 55°C; the second stage of fermentation stabilizes nutrients under medium temperature conditions, and the temperature is between 40°C and 50°C; in the second stage of fermentation, probiotics are added to improve the biological activity of the finished fertilizer to obtain the organic fertilizer base material after graded fermentation; Deodorization and sterilization of pathogens: Deodorize the above-mentioned organic fertilizer base materials, and spray biological deodorants or plant extracts during the fermentation process to effectively reduce the odor; biological deodorants use lactic acid bacteria preparations, and plant extracts use mint extracts; in the high temperature stage, for three days, pathogenic microorganisms and insect eggs are completely killed to obtain deodorized organic fertilizer materials; Drying and crushing: The deodorized organic fertilizer material is subjected to mechanical dehydration equipment to reduce the moisture content to below 30%, and then further dried to below 15% by a drum dryer to obtain crushed and refined material; Maturation treatment: the crushed and refined materials are placed in a maturation bin for secondary maturation for 5 to 10 days; during the maturation process, aeration is regularly supplied with oxygen using an aerator, and the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content are monitored to obtain a matured basic fertilizer; Strengthening modification: modifying the above-mentioned matured basic fertilizer; During the maturation process, a variety of mineral additives are gradually added, including bentonite, zeolite powder, silicate and gypsum; trace element fertilizers are then added, including boron, zinc and copper; and then a slow-release polymer coating material is added; During the modification process, the material is fully mixed by mechanical mixing equipment, and the mixing uniformity and the integrity of the particle structure are monitored at the same time; after modification, the material is neutralized and the pH value is adjusted to the range of 6.5-7.5 to reduce the possible acidity and alkalinity of the soil; and the modified finished fertilizer material is obtained; Granulation and packaging: The modified finished fertilizer material is granulated into granules by a disc granulator or a drum granulator, and the particle size is controlled at 2 to 5 mm; pine fungi and natural binders such as lignin or starch are added during the granulation process; Finally, the fertilizer is packed and sealed by automated packaging equipment, with the fertilizer ingredients and instructions for use marked.

2. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary materials include fungus residue, crop waste, sugarcane bagasse and yeast residue.

3. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent is a composite agent, comprising at least one of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria and actinomycetes, and the proportion of the agents is dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of the raw materials.

4. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Temperature, humidity and oxygen sensors are installed in the fermentation tank, and the frequency of compost turning, oxygen supply and humidity level are automatically regulated by an intelligent system.

5. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying step may employ a solar-assisted drying system.

6. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Yeast and Bacillus subtilis are added during the maturation process.

7. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency in inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral additive is present in an amount of 2% to 5% of the weight of the cooked material to improve the water absorption and pressure resistance of the particles.

8. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency for inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the granulation process, pine philic bacteria and birch philic bacteria are added to have 70-80% antagonistic and inhibitory effects on root rot, botrytis ciliata and oxysporum, and then a water-resistant polymer material coating can be sprayed on the surface of the particles. The coating material is a degradable polymer, and the coating thickness is controlled at 10-50 microns to balance the moisture resistance and solubility of the particles.

9. The process for preparing organic fertilizer with high efficiency for inhibiting soil-borne diseases from pig manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressive strength of the finished granular organic fertilizer is greater than 5N and can be applied to mechanized spreading equipment.

10. A high-efficiency organic fertilizer prepared from pig manure, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is prepared by the process method described in any one of claims 1 to 9, has a total nutrient content of nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium not less than 6%, an organic matter content not less than 50%, a moisture content not more than 15%, and has slow-release properties, compression resistance, and significant effects of inhibiting soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

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