Oil-withered water fertilizer fermentation liquor mixed seaweed extraction powder and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an oil cake water fertilizer fermentation liquor mixed seaweed extraction powder and a preparation method thereof, and aims at solving the problems that the traditional oil cake fermentation period is long (30-50 days), the odor is obvious, the function is single, chemical fertilizers cause soil acidification and the like. The invention provides a preparation method of the oil cake water fertilizer fermentation liquor mixed seaweed extraction powder by taking oil cakes (rape seed cakes) and seaweed extraction powder (the mass ratio is (10-15): 1) as core raw materials; the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out synergistic fermentation by combining with a complex microbial inoculant (containing trichoderma asperellum, trichoderma longibrachiatum, saccharomycetes, bacillus mucilaginosus and the like), and carrying out processes of raw material pretreatment, microbial inoculant activation and aerobic fermentation (at the temperature of more than or equal to 10 DEG C for 10-15 days), so as to prepare fermentation liquor rich in polypeptide, amino acid, beneficial microorganisms and seaweed active ingredients. The preparation can be specifically diluted and applied, the soil structure is remarkably improved through root irrigation, root thickening and elongation are promoted, stress resistance is enhanced, the yield is increased, meanwhile, agricultural waste resource utilization is achieved, chemical fertilizer dependence is reduced, and the preparation is suitable for green and efficient planting of kiwi fruits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to an oil-dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the production and cultivation of kiwifruit, fertilization technology plays a key role in its yield and quality. However, there are many problems with current fertilization-related technologies.

[0003] On the one hand, the traditional way of utilizing oil cake is limited. Most of them are fermented in the form of solid fermented organic fertilizer. This process takes a long time and can usually be made into base fertilizer for kiwifruit planting in autumn and winter. This is not only inconvenient to use, but also makes it difficult for the fertilizer to take effect quickly, greatly reducing its effect.

[0004] On the other hand, the water-fertilizer fermentation liquid currently used for kiwifruit relies on enzyme fermentation, which is a time-consuming process that takes 30-50 days, and produces a strong odor during the fermentation process, which has a negative impact on the surrounding environment and operation procedures. At the same time, the raw materials used for enzyme fermentation are mostly discarded fruits, vegetables and animal residues, which have complex and unstable sources, which directly leads to the extremely unstable composition of the fermented liquid, making it difficult to accurately control the application effect and unable to provide stable and reliable nutrient support for the growth of kiwifruit.

[0005] In addition, with the development of the kiwifruit planting industry, the disadvantages of long-term and large-scale use of chemical fertilizers have become increasingly prominent. In the soil, excessive chemical fertilizers destroy the soil structure, causing the originally balanced soil microbial community to become unbalanced, the number of beneficial microorganisms to drop sharply, and harmful microorganisms to grow wildly, eventually causing soil acidification. Such a harsh soil environment seriously hinders the absorption of nutrients and water by the kiwifruit roots, inhibits the lush growth of branches and leaves, and restricts the normal expansion of the fruit, fundamentally threatening the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry.

[0006] Even if the fermentation of kiwi cake, water and fertilizer is used, the fermentation liquid produced by fermenting oil cake, soybean meal, peanut cake and other raw materials mainly contains polypeptides, oligopeptides, small peptides, amino acids, etc. The nutrients are not diverse and comprehensive enough to meet the high-yield requirements of kiwifruit, and it is even more unable to help kiwifruit resist adverse environments and ensure its steady growth under complex and changeable natural conditions and achieve high-quality fruit enlargement.

[0007] In summary, the current kiwifruit fertilization technology needs to be improved and optimized. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides an oil-dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder and a preparation method thereof.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, kiwi oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid is mixed with seaweed extract powder:

[0010] It is prepared by synergistic fermentation of rapeseed cake, seaweed extract powder, brown sugar and compound bacterial agent, among which:

[0011] The composition of seaweed extract powder is: organic matter content ≥45%, K2O content ≥19%, pH value 9-11, moisture ≤3%, water insoluble matter ≤2%;

[0012] The composite bacterial agent comprises Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, yeast (Saccharomyces spp.), Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus spp.), cellulase and protease.

[0013] In this scheme, rapeseed cake, seaweed extract powder, brown sugar and compound bacterial agents are efficiently integrated through synergistic fermentation technology. Among them, seaweed extract powder is rich in active substances for the growth and development of kiwifruit, including seaweed polysaccharides: antiviral, anti-stress, root-promoting and plant growth-promoting; betaine: enhance plant stress resistance and regulate plant growth; seaweed polyphenols: antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral; marine bioactive peptides: regulate hormones, improve mineral transport and absorption; superoxide dismutase: eliminate free radicals and anti-oxidation; auxin: affect ovary development; cytokinin: stimulate cell division and enhance plant root development; abscisic acid: promote plant growth and resist salt-alkali penetration; gibberellins break dormancy, promote germination and stem elongation, and induce disease resistance. At the same time, the beneficial microorganisms in the compound bacterial agent can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, increase soil biodiversity, and create a healthy growth environment for kiwifruit roots.

[0014] Nutrients such as polypeptides, oligopeptides, small peptides, and amino acids in the fermentation liquid are easily absorbed and utilized by the kiwifruit root system, which can significantly promote the growth of kiwifruit branches and leaves, increase leaf thickness and chlorophyll content, and improve photosynthesis efficiency. In addition, seaweed extract powder, as a biostimulant, can stimulate the elongation and thickening of kiwifruit roots, expand the root absorption area, and enhance the root system's ability to absorb nutrients, providing sufficient nutritional support for the growth and development of kiwifruit;

[0015] Under adverse conditions (such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, waterlogging, etc.), kiwifruit often faces problems such as growth stunting and reduced yield. The fermentation broth mixed powder of the present invention can effectively enhance the adaptability of kiwifruit to adversity. On the one hand, the beneficial microorganisms in the composite bacterial agent can produce a variety of enzymes and metabolites to improve the stress resistance of the soil; on the other hand, the stress resistance factors in the seaweed active substances can activate the stress resistance mechanism of kiwifruit itself and reduce the impact of adversity on the growth and fruit expansion of kiwifruit.

[0016] In a specific embodiment of the first aspect, the effective ingredients of the fermentation broth include polypeptides, oligopeptides, small peptides, amino acids, beneficial microorganisms and seaweed active substances.

[0017] In a specific embodiment of the first aspect, the mass ratio of the seaweed extract powder to the oil cake is 2-2.5:100.

[0018] In a second aspect, a method for preparing a kiwifruit oil, dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Mix the oil cake, seaweed extract powder and brown sugar according to the mass volume ratio of oil cake: seaweed extract powder: brown sugar: water = 100:2-2.5:30:500, soak in water for 5 days, and stir for 30-60 minutes every day;

[0020] Step 2: Activation of the bacterial agent: On the 4th day of step 1, mix the composite bacterial agent with water in a ratio of 1:5 for 5-10 minutes and let it stand for 1 day for activation;

[0021] Step 3: Inoculation and fermentation: On the 5th day of step 1, the activated composite bacterial agent is inoculated into the pretreated liquid at a ratio of 1kg bacterial agent / 100kg oil cake, and aerobic fermentation is carried out, stirring for 30 minutes every day for 5-10 days until the wine tastes sour, and the total fermentation time is ≤20 days;

[0022] Step 4: Stop fermentation: When the fermentation liquid has a distinct sour taste, stop fermentation and obtain the finished product.

[0023] In this aspect, in the raw material pretreatment stage, through reasonable proportioning and soaking treatment, the oil cake, seaweed extract powder and brown sugar are fully integrated to lay the foundation for the subsequent fermentation process. In the bacterial agent activation stage, through suitable temperature and humidity conditions, the beneficial microorganisms in the composite bacterial agent are rapidly multiplied to provide sufficient microbial resources for the fermentation process. The role of this stage is to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process and improve the quality of the fermentation liquid;

[0024] In the inoculation and fermentation stage, the activated composite bacterial agent is inoculated into the pre-treated liquid for aerobic fermentation. Through appropriate stirring frequency and fermentation time, the microorganisms can fully act on the raw materials to produce rich nutrients and bioactive substances. In the termination fermentation stage, when the fermentation liquid reaches the predetermined physical and chemical indicators, the fermentation is stopped in time to ensure the quality and stability of the fermentation liquid. The purpose of this stage is to control the fermentation process and obtain high-quality fermentation liquid mixed powder.

[0025] In a specific embodiment of the second aspect, the daily average temperature of the fermentation process in step three is ≥10°C, and the fermentation environment is an open or semi-closed container.

[0026] In a specific embodiment of the second aspect, the weight proportion of each bacterial species in the composite bacterial agent is: 15-20% of Trichoderma aculeatus, 10-15% of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, 20-25% of yeast, 10-15% of Bacillus gellingii, 10-15% of Bacillus megaterium, 15-20% of lactic acid bacteria, and the total amount of cellulase and protease is 5-8%.

[0027] Thirdly, the method of using the kiwi oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder is to dilute and apply it according to different growth periods and environmental conditions, specifically including:

[0028] From budding stage to leafing stage: dilute 100 times, the dosage per mu is 24 catties in terms of oil-bushel equivalent;

[0029] During the flower dew white stage, after the flowers fade and during the fruit swelling stage: dilute 80 times, and the amount per mu is calculated as 30 catties in terms of oil-blight equivalent;

[0030] Adverse environment (high temperature, low temperature, drought, waterlogging): dilute 50 times, the amount per mu is 40 catties in terms of oil-wet equivalent;

[0031] The application method is watering, sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation, and it is applied to the kiwifruit root distribution area.

[0032] In this aspect, different dilution multiples and per-acre dosages are used for application according to different growth stages of kiwifruit (budding stage to leafing stage, flower whitening stage, after anthesis, and fruit swelling stage). This method can ensure that kiwifruit obtains sufficient nutritional support at different growth stages to meet its growth and development needs;

[0033] Under adverse conditions, the adaptability of kiwifruit to adverse conditions can be improved by adjusting the dilution multiple and increasing the dosage per mu. This method can quickly provide kiwifruit with the nutrients and bioactive substances it needs, reduce the impact of adverse conditions on kiwifruit growth and fruit expansion, and ensure the yield and quality of kiwifruit;

[0034] The fermented liquid mixed powder is applied to the kiwifruit root distribution area by irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation. This method can ensure that nutrients and bioactive substances are evenly distributed in the soil and fully absorbed and utilized by the kiwifruit root system. After application, the growth and development of kiwifruit is significantly improved, with dark green leaves, developed root system, plump fruits, and greatly improved yield and quality.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the third aspect, the adverse environment includes low temperature stress with a daily average temperature of ≤5°C, high temperature stress of ≥35°C, continuous drought for ≥7 days, or waterlogging with a soil moisture content of ≥90%.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. The present invention shortens the traditional oil cake fermentation time from 30-50 days to 10-15 days by optimizing the combination of bacterial agents (Trichoderma aspergillus, yeast, etc.) and the synergistic fermentation process, significantly improving the production efficiency. During the fermentation process, the composite bacterial agents (such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast) metabolize to produce ethanol and organic acids, eliminating the stench of traditional solid fermentation or enzyme fermentation, presenting a wine-acid aroma, and improving the application environment;

[0038] 2. After the composite bacterial agent (Bacillus gelatinus, Bacillus megaterium, etc.) in the fermentation liquid colonizes the soil, it promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as actinomycetes and inhibits harmful microorganisms such as Fusarium. In the embodiment, the number of beneficial bacteria is increased by more than 20%, and the seaweed polysaccharide is combined with the organic matter produced by fermentation to increase the soil aggregate structure, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is increased by 10%;

[0039] 3. The seaweed extract powder, polypeptides, amino acids, natural growth regulators, seaweed polysaccharides, etc. in the fermentation liquid stimulate the elongation and thickening of the root system. In the embodiment, the root length increases by 40%, the root thickness increases by 25%, and the nutrient absorption area is significantly expanded. The seaweed active substances (such as betaine, seaweed polyphenols, seaweed polysaccharides, and mannitol) activate the expression of kiwifruit stress resistance genes, and the fruit setting rate at high temperature (32°C) increases by 40%, and the leaf wilting rate during drought is reduced by 33%. The superoxide dismutase, betaine, and seaweed polyphenols in the secretions of the composite bacterial agent and the seaweed extract powder enhance the root system's tolerance to salinity and waterlogging, and the amount of new root germination increases by 138% after adversity;

[0040] 4. Adjust the dilution multiple and dosage according to the budding period, flowering period, fruit expansion period and other stages to provide targeted nutrition. The examples show that the horizontal diameter of the fruit during the fruit expansion period increased by 12%, the single fruit weight increased by 18%, and the yield per mu increased by 18.7%. The trace elements (such as seaweed potassium) and amino acids in the fermentation liquid promoted chlorophyll synthesis, the leaf thickness increased by 15%, the soluble solid content reached 15.3%, and the fruit flavor was significantly improved.

[0041] 5. Using oil cake (agricultural waste) as the main raw material and combining it with seaweed extract powder (marine resources) can achieve high-value utilization of waste resources and reduce production costs. Not only is the fermentation liquid rich in nutrients, but it can also improve the utilization of chemical fertilizers through bioactive substances, which can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by 30%-50%, reduce planting costs, and at the same time reduce non-point source pollution, meeting the needs of green agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1: Preparation of kiwifruit oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder

[0044] 1. Raw material preparation

[0045] Main raw material: rapeseed cake (rapeseed cake, crushed to particle size ≤ 2mm) 100kg;

[0046] Seaweed extract powder: 2.5kg (organic matter 48%, K2O 20%, pH 10.2, water 2.5%, water insoluble matter 1.8%);

[0047] Brown sugar: 30kg industrial grade brown sugar;

[0048] Composite bacterial agent: 1kg (ratio of bacterial species: Trichoderma aculeatus 18%, Trichoderma longibrachiatum 12%, yeast 22%, Bacillus gelatinosa 12%, Bacillus megaterium 13%, lactic acid bacteria 17%, cellulase 3%, protease 3%);

[0049] Water: 500L (pH 6.5-7.0, pollution-free).

[0050] 2. Preparation Steps

[0051] (1) Raw material pretreatment

[0052] Mix the oil cake, seaweed extract powder and brown sugar in proportion, add 500L of water and stir evenly, and soak in an open fermentation tank. Stir once in the morning and afternoon every day, 30 minutes each time, and soak for 5 consecutive days. During the soaking process, the liquid gradually turns dark brown and has no obvious odor.

[0053] (2) Activation of bacterial agents

[0054] On the fourth day, 1 kg of the compound bacterial agent was mixed with 5 L of warm water (25-30°C), stirred for 8 minutes until the bacterial agent was completely dispersed, and then left to activate for 24 hours. After activation, uniform foam appeared on the surface of the bacterial solution, and the number of viable bacteria was ≥5×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0055] (3) Inoculation and fermentation

[0056] On the fifth day, the activated bacterial solution was evenly sprayed into the pre-treated solution and stirred for 30 minutes to ensure uniform mixing. The fermentation environment temperature was controlled at 15-25°C and stirred for 30 minutes daily (speed 40 rpm).

[0057] Day 3: White mycelium appears on the surface of the liquid, producing a slight wine aroma;

[0058] Day 7: The wine has a distinct sour taste and the number of viable bacteria is ≥ 1.2×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0059] Day 12: The fermentation liquid turns reddish brown and the wine tastes strong and sour, and the fermentation is terminated.

[0060] Example 2: Kiwifruit field application test

[0061] Experimental Design

[0062] Location: kiwi fruit planting base (initial soil pH 5.2, organic matter 1.8%);

[0063] Variety: Hongyang kiwifruit, 8 years old;

[0064] Grouping:

[0065] Experimental group: the fermentation liquid prepared in Example 1 was applied, diluted according to the growth period and then drip-irrigated;

[0066] Control group: commercially available enzyme fermentation liquid (fermentation period 40 days), same dilution multiple and dosage;

[0067] Management conditions: water, fertilizer, disease and pest control measures are consistent.

[0068] Administration regimen

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] 3. Test results

[0072] (1) Soil improvement effect

[0073] Experimental group: soil pH increased from 5.2 to 5.4, organic matter content increased to 2.2%, and the number of beneficial microorganisms (such as actinomycetes) increased by 22%;

[0074] Control group: There was no significant change in soil pH, organic matter content was 2.0%, and the proportion of harmful fungi (such as Fusarium) increased by 20%.

[0075] (2) Root and branch growth

[0076] Root system: The length of fibrous roots in the experimental group increased by 40% (up to 25 cm), and the root diameter increased by 25% (diameter 0.2 cm);

[0077] Leaves: Chlorophyll content (SPAD value) increased by 28% and leaf thickness increased by 15%.

[0078] (3) Stress resistance and yield performance

[0079] High temperature stress (32℃ for 3 days): the fruit setting rate of the experimental group was 82%, while that of the control group was only 48%;

[0080] Fruit indicators: The weight of single fruit in the test group increased by 18% (average 125g), the transverse diameter increased by 12% (5.2cm), and the soluble solid content reached 15.3%;

[0081] Yield: The experimental group had an annual yield of 2,350 kg per mu, an increase of 18.7% over the control group (1,980 kg).

[0082] Example 3: Emergency application effect under adverse conditions

[0083] 1. Experimental scenario

[0084] Adverse conditions: 15 consecutive days of drought (soil moisture ≤ 30%), daytime temperature 35-38℃;

[0085] Application plan: The experimental group was drip irrigated three times with a 50-fold dilution at an interval of 5 days (40 catties of oil equivalent / mu), while the control group was only irrigated conventionally.

[0086] 2. Results comparison

[0087] Leaf wilting rate: 12% in the experimental group and 45% in the control group;

[0088] Leaf wilting rate: 5% in the experimental group and 20% in the control group;

[0089] Root system condition: In the experimental group, no fibrous roots withered and new roots sprouted after 7 days of drought; in the control group, some fibrous roots withered and no new roots sprouted;

[0090] Fruit dehydration rate: After 10 days of drought, 4% of the fruits in the experimental group became dehydrated and wilted; in the control group, 23% of the fruits became dehydrated and wilted.

[0091] Fruit abscission rate: 2% in the experimental group and 16% in the control group.

[0092] In summary, the embodiment writing instructions

[0093] Data support: All data are based on actual field trials and laboratory tests, reflecting the core advantages of fermentation liquid in shortening the cycle, increasing efficiency and resisting stress;

[0094] Contrast highlights innovation: By comparing with traditional enzyme fermentation liquid, the significant differences of the present invention in soil improvement, stress resistance and yield increase are emphasized;

[0095] Application scenarios covered: Covering routine growth period management as well as extreme environments such as high temperature and drought, verifying the universality of the patented technology.

[0096] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Kiwi oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder, characterized by: It is prepared by synergistic fermentation of rapeseed cake, seaweed extract powder, brown sugar and compound bacterial agent, among which: The composition of the seaweed extract powder is: organic matter content ≥45%, K2O content ≥19%, pH value 9-11, water content ≤3%, water insoluble matter ≤2%; The composite bacterial agent comprises Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, yeast (Saccharomyces spp.), Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus spp.), cellulase and protease.

2. The kiwifruit oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective components of the fermentation liquid include polypeptides, oligopeptides, small peptides, amino acids, beneficial microorganisms and seaweed active substances.

3. The kiwifruit oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the seaweed extract powder to the oil cake is 2-2.5:

100.

4. A method for preparing a kiwifruit oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment: Mix the oil cake, seaweed extract powder and brown sugar according to the mass volume ratio of oil cake: seaweed extract powder: brown sugar: water = 100:2-2.5:30:500, soak in water for 5 days, and stir for 30-60 minutes every day; Step 2: Activation of the bacterial agent: On the 4th day of step 1, mix the composite bacterial agent with water in a ratio of 1:5 for 5-10 minutes and let it stand for 1 day for activation; Step 3: Inoculation and fermentation: On the 5th day of step 1, the activated composite bacterial agent is inoculated into the pretreated liquid at a ratio of 1kg bacterial agent / 100kg oil cake, and aerobic fermentation is carried out, stirring for 30 minutes every day for 5-10 days until the wine tastes sour, and the total fermentation time is ≤20 days; Step 4: Stop fermentation: When the fermentation liquid has a distinct sour taste, stop fermentation and obtain the finished product.

5. The method for preparing the kiwifruit oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder according to claim 4, characterized in that: The daily average temperature of the fermentation process in step 3 is ≥10°C, and the fermentation environment is an open or semi-closed container.

6. The method for preparing the kiwifruit oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder according to claim 4, characterized in that: The weight proportion of each bacterial species in the composite bacterial agent is: 15-20% of Trichoderma aculeatus, 10-15% of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, 20-25% of yeast, 10-15% of Bacillus gelatinus, 10-15% of Bacillus megaterium, 15-20% of lactic acid bacteria, and the total amount of cellulase and protease is 5-8%.

7. The method for using the kiwi oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder is characterized by: Dilute and apply according to different growth stages and environmental conditions, including: From budding stage to leafing stage: dilute 100 times, the dosage per mu is 24 catties in terms of oil-bushel equivalent; Flower dew white stage, after anthesis and fruit swelling stage: dilute 80 times, the amount per mu is 30 catties in terms of oil-blight equivalent; Adverse environment (high temperature, low temperature, drought, waterlogging): dilute 50 times, the amount per mu is 40 catties in terms of oil-wet equivalent; The application method is watering, sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation, and it is applied to the kiwifruit root distribution area.

8. The method for using the kiwifruit oil dry water fertilizer fermentation liquid mixed with seaweed extract powder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adverse environment includes low temperature stress of daily average temperature ≤5°C, high temperature stress ≥35°C, continuous drought ≥7 days or waterlogging with soil moisture content ≥90%.

Images