Ultraviolet laser markable colored halogen-free flame-retardant nylon composite material, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a color halogen-free flame-retardant nylon composite material capable of being marked by ultraviolet laser and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to laser marking of polymer materials. The color nylon composite material comprises 60-75 parts of nylon resin, 0-40 parts of glass fiber, 12-20 parts of halogen-free flame retardant, 0.05-0.3 parts of laser sensitive agent and 0.1-1 part of color pigment. The laser sensitive agent is zinc sulfide and / or zinc oxide. The color nylon composite material is added with specific laser sensitive agent, which generates electrons and holes under the excitation of ultraviolet light, can promote the decomposition reaction of the material and improve the laser marking effect, so that white marks are marked on the color nylon material by ultraviolet laser marking, the color difference before and after marking is obvious, and the color nylon composite material has high definition and contrast.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to laser marking of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a color halogen-free flame-retardant nylon composite material capable of being marked by ultraviolet laser, and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Polyamide (PA, nylon) is one of the five engineering plastics, and is widely used in automobile, electronic and electrical appliances, household appliances and communication equipment and other fields due to its excellent comprehensive performance. The PA material is often required to have high flame retardant performance. The halogen-free flame-retardant nylon gradually replaces the traditional bromine flame-retardant nylon due to its green environmental protection, low toxicity, low smoke, high heat resistance, high tracking index (CTI) and good comprehensive performance. The development and research of the PA product with a phosphite system and a phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic flame-retardant system become a key development trend.

[0003] When the halogen-free flame-retardant nylon product circulates as a commodity, the surface of the product often needs to be marked with graphics and text for explanation. The traditional marking technology mainly adopts ink transfer printing and code spraying marking. The biggest advantage of the technology is wide color selection and wide application materials. However, the technology has defects such as great pollution, complex steps and poor durability. Laser marking is a new type of environmental protection marking technology. The technology mainly uses high-energy laser to act on the target surface, so that the surface of the target is physically or chemically changed to obtain marking. The technology has the characteristics of environmental protection, no pollution, simple steps, high durability and high aesthetics.

[0004] In the nylon product, the flame retardant component has a greater influence on the laser marking effect due to the presence of laser energy absorption and reflection; such as bromine flame retardant, because the bromine atom has a higher atomic weight and electron density, the energy required for the outer electron transition is more matched with the common laser wavelength, especially when irradiated by 1064 nm near-infrared laser, it is easier to absorb energy and convert it into heat energy, and has a better laser marking effect. The absorption capacity of halogen-free flame retardant system to laser is generally weaker than that of bromine flame retardant system, and the clarity of marking is generally poor, and often requires higher laser power. At present, the laser marking methods for halogen-free flame-retardant nylon materials mainly include infrared and ultraviolet; the laser marking of halogen-free flame-retardant nylon materials in the prior art focuses on infrared laser marking of dark substrates, and the halogen-free flame-retardant nylon material is prepared into dark or black color to improve the laser absorption rate; and there are few reports on ultraviolet laser marking of colored nylon materials. The marking depth of infrared laser marking is high, and the marking effect is more durable; and the ultraviolet laser marking is different from the long-wave laser which burns the surface material by heat energy, which breaks the molecular chain of the material by short-wave laser, changes the molecular structure, and thus realizes the color change of the marking area; which can greatly reduce the mechanical deformation of the material and has small processing heat effect, and has higher processing precision, but the clarity and contrast of the marking area are low, and it can only be used for marking of dark or black materials. Patent CN113025035A proposes a halogen-free flame-retardant nylon composite material capable of laser marking, which is prepared by compounding nylon resin, halogen-free flame retardant, flame retardant synergist, laser marking powder, black master batch, adsorbent, glass fiber, antioxidant and lubricant, so that the prepared nylon composite material has excellent flame retardance and high temperature and high humidity resistance, better tensile strength and bending strength, and good laser marking effect. However, the material needs to use black master batch (carbon black) to adjust the nylon material to dark or black color to have a good laser marking effect; and it cannot realize laser marking of colored halogen-free flame-retardant nylon material and form a marking area with high clarity and contrast. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the defects and deficiencies of existing halogen-free flame-retardant nylon materials, and to provide a colored nylon composite material capable of ultraviolet laser marking, which can be ultraviolet marked on colored materials and has high clarity and contrast.

[0006] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the colored nylon composite material capable of ultraviolet laser marking.

[0007] Another purpose of the present application is to provide an application of the colored nylon composite material capable of ultraviolet laser marking in the preparation of consumer electronic products.

[0008] The above purposes of the present application are achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present application protects a kind of ultraviolet laser markable color nylon composite material, comprising the following components according to weight parts:

[0010] Nylon resin 60-75 parts,

[0011] Glass fiber 0-40 parts,

[0012] Halogen-free flame retardant 12-20 parts,

[0013] Laser sensitizer 0.05-0.3 parts,

[0014] Color pigment 0.1-1 parts,

[0015] The laser sensitizer is zinc sulfide and / or zinc oxide.

[0016] In the color nylon composite material of the present application, nylon resin is used as the base resin, and halogen-free flame retardant and color pigment are used to form a halogen-free flame-retardant color nylon system, and a specific laser sensitizer is added, which can generate electrons and holes under the excitation of ultraviolet light, promote the decomposition reaction of the material and improve the laser marking effect, so that white marks can be marked on the color nylon material by ultraviolet laser, and the color difference before and after marking is obvious, with high clarity and contrast.

[0017] It should be noted that,

[0018] The color in the present application refers to various colors other than white and black. Preferably, the color pigment includes but is not limited to at least one of red, yellow, green, blue or purple pigment. Those skilled in the art should understand that red pigment appears red under visible light, yellow pigment appears yellow under visible light, green pigment appears green under visible light, blue pigment appears blue under visible light, and purple pigment appears purple under visible light.

[0019] In some embodiments, the content of nylon resin that can achieve the purpose of the present application can be 60 parts, 61 parts, 62 parts, 63 parts, 64 parts, 65 parts, 66 parts, 67 parts, 68 parts, 69 parts, 70 parts, 71 parts, 72 parts, 73 parts, 74 parts, 75 parts or any value within the range of above.

[0020] Preferably, the mass fraction of the nylon resin in the color nylon composite material is 45-85%.

[0021] Preferably, the glass fiber is 10-40 parts, more preferably 14-30 parts.

[0022] More preferably, the glass fiber content can be any value in the range of 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts, 26 parts, 26 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts or more.

[0023] In some embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant content that enables the purposes of the present application can be any value in the range of 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts or more.

[0024] In some embodiments, the laser sensitizer content that enables the purposes of the present application can be any value in the range of 0.05 parts, 0.1 parts, 0.15 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.25 parts, 0.3 parts or more.

[0025] In some embodiments, the color pigment content that enables the purposes of the present application can be any value in the range of 0.1 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.4 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.6 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.8 parts, 0.9 parts, 1.0 parts or more.

[0026] In some embodiments, the pigments include inorganic color pigments and / or organic color pigments; the organic color pigments are one or more of azo, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone or aromatic amine pigments.

[0027] Optionally, the red phase pigments are inorganic red pigments and / or organic red pigments; the inorganic red pigments are iron trioxide (iron red), cerium sulfide red; the organic red pigments are 4-cyano-5-[[5-cyano-2,6-bis[(3-methoxypropyl)amino]-4-methyl-3-pyridyl]azo]-3-methyl-2-thiophene carboxylic acid methyl ester.

[0028] Optionally, the yellow phase pigments are inorganic yellow pigments and / or organic yellow pigments; the inorganic yellow pigments are titanium chromium brown, pigment yellow 119 (zinc iron yellow); the organic yellow pigments are 2-(3-hydroxy-2-quinolyl)-1,3-indanedione (solvent yellow 114).

[0029] Optionally, the green phase pigments are inorganic green pigments and / or organic green pigments; the inorganic green pigments are pigment green 50 (titanium cobalt green); the organic green pigments are phthalocyanine green, 1,4-di-p-toluidino anthraquinone.

[0030] Optionally, the blue phase pigments are inorganic blue pigments and / or organic blue pigments; the inorganic blue pigments are pigment blue 29 (ultramarine blue); the organic blue pigments are phthalocyanine blue, 1,4-bis[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione.

[0031] Optionally, the purple phase pigment is an inorganic purple pigment and / or an organic purple pigment; the inorganic purple pigment is ultramarine violet; and the organic purple pigment is solvent violet 37.

[0032] In some embodiments, the nylon resin is one or more of PA6, PA66, PA46, PPA, PA12, PA610, PA1010, PA1012, and PA1212.

[0033] In some embodiments, the nylon resin has a melt flow rate of 0.5-30 g / 10 min at 250℃ under a load of 0.325 kg, according to ISO 1133-1:2011.

[0034] In some embodiments, the glass fiber is one or more of alkali-free short glass fiber, medium alkali short glass fiber, and high alkali short glass fiber. Preferably, the short glass fiber is hydrolysis-resistant alkali-free short glass fiber. Preferably, the diameter of the glass fiber is 10-20 microns. Increasing the content of the glass fiber is beneficial to improving the mechanical properties, but will reduce the marking effect. The present application controls the content of the glass fiber to obtain a product with up-to-standard mechanical properties and excellent marking effect.

[0035] In some embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant is one or more of organic hypophosphite, inorganic phosphite, melamine phosphate, zinc borate, and magnesium hydroxide.

[0036] Preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant is organic hypophosphite, melamine phosphate, and zinc borate in a mass ratio of (4-8):(0.5-2):1.

[0037] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises 0.1-0.3 parts of an antioxidant and 0.3-0.6 parts of a lubricant.

[0038] Optionally, the antioxidant is at least one of phosphite ester, hindered phenol, and thioester; preferably, it is hindered phenol.

[0039] Optionally, the lubricant is at least one of hydrocarbon, fatty acid amide, higher fatty acid, ester, alcohol, metal soap, and complex lubricant. Preferably, it is a combination of fatty acid ester and metal soap, more preferably, the mass ratio of the fatty acid ester and the metal soap is (2-3):1, which has good internal and external lubrication.

[0040] The present application protects a preparation method of a color nylon composite material that can be marked by ultraviolet laser, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing components, melt extruding, and granulating to obtain the color nylon composite material that can be marked by ultraviolet laser.

[0041] In some embodiments, the melt extrusion temperature is 220-280℃.

[0042] In some embodiments, the melt extrusion employs a twin-screw extruder. Specifically, the length-diameter ratio of the twin-screw extruder is 25-50:1, and the screw rotation speed is 200-600 rpm.

[0043] The application protects the application of a UV laser markable color nylon composite material in the preparation of consumer electronic products; it is especially suitable for color material marking.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The application provides a color nylon composite material, which uses nylon resin as a base resin, is matched with halogen-free flame retardant and color pigment to form a halogen-free flame-retardant color nylon system, and is added with a specific laser sensitizer. The laser sensitizer can generate electrons and holes under the excitation of ultraviolet light, can promote the decomposition reaction of the material, and can improve the laser marking effect, so that white marks can be marked on the color nylon material by ultraviolet laser, the color difference before and after marking is obvious, and the color nylon composite material has high clarity and contrast. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 The application provides a physical diagram of laser marking of a color nylon composite material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The application will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the application in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the embodiments of the application are conventional commercially available raw materials.

[0048] The raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are as follows:

[0049] Nylon resin:

[0050] PA66 1#: EP158NH, Huafeng Group Co., Ltd.; the melt flow rate under the condition of 275℃ and 2.16 kg is 90 g / 10 min.

[0051] PA66 2#: PA66 T42, Huafeng Group Co., Ltd.; the melt flow rate under the condition of 275℃ and 2.16 kg is 10 g / 10 min.

[0052] PA6: HY2000A, Jiangsu Haiyang Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.; the melt flow rate under the condition of 250℃ and 0.325 kg is 29 g / 10 min.

[0053] Glass fiber: Alkali-free short glass fiber, ECS303W-3-K, Chongqing International Composite Co., Ltd.

[0054] Halogen-free flame retardant 1#: Organic hypophosphite, melamine phosphate and zinc borate with a mass ratio of 6:1:1. Among them, organic hypophosphite is aluminum diethyl hypophosphite, HR8866S, Weihai Hailun New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; Melamine phosphate: BUDIT 3141, Budenheim Iberica, Germany; Zinc borate: ZB-503, Anhui Yishitong Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0055] Halogen-free flame retardant 2#: Aluminum phosphite: Shaoguan Hongcheng Technology Co., Ltd.

[0056] Antioxidant: Hindered phenolic antioxidant, RIANOX 1098, purchased from Tianjin Li'anlong New Material Co., Ltd.

[0057] Lubricant: Fatty acid ester external lubricant and metal soap internal lubricant with a mass ratio of 5:2. Fatty acid ester external lubricant: TR044W, Struktol, USA; Metal soap internal lubricant: Licomont NaV101, Guangzhou Fengtian Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0058] Laser sensitizer:

[0059] Zinc sulfide: HD-S, Sachtleben Chemie, Germany.

[0060] Zinc oxide: Shanghai Maikelin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0061] Basic copper phosphate: Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0062] Antimony trioxide: Shanghai Zhaokuan Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0063] Pigment 1#: Inorganic red pigment, ferric sesquioxide, Lingshou County Quanfeng Mineral Product Processing Factory.

[0064] Pigment 2#: Inorganic red pigment, cerium sulfide red, Hunan Kelai New Material Co., Ltd.

[0065] Pigment 3#: Organic red pigment, 4-cyano-5-[[5-cyano-2,6-bis[(3-methoxypropyl)amino]-4-methyl-3-pyridyl]azo]-3-methyl-2-thiophene carboxylic acid methyl ester (Solvent Red 195), Kunshan Yuanyuan Plastic Pigment Co., Ltd.

[0066] Pigment 4#: Inorganic yellow pigment, titanium chromium brown, purchased from Foshan Dachangshun Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0067] Pigment 5#: Inorganic yellow pigment, Pigment Yellow 119 (Zinc Ferrite Yellow), Anhui Jingnichang New Material Co., Ltd.

[0068] Pigment 6#: Organic yellow pigment, 2-(3-hydroxy-2-quinolinyl)-1,3-indanedione (Solvent Yellow 114), TECHSOL YELLOW E3G, purchased from Shenzhen Dingtai Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0069] Pigment 7#: Inorganic green pigment, Pigment Green 50 (Titanium Cobalt Green), Foshan Dachangshun Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0070] Pigment 8#: Organic green pigment, Phthalocyanine Green (Pigment Green 7), PV FAST GREEN GNX, Clariant Chemicals.

[0071] Pigment 9#: Inorganic blue pigment, Ultramarine Blue (Pigment Blue 29), Hubei Shenneng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0072] Pigment 10#: Organic blue pigment, Phthalocyanine Blue (Pigment Blue 15), BF1535, Xuancheng Yaban Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0073] Pigment 11#: Inorganic purple pigment, Ultramarine Violet, Shenzhen Daxing Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0074] Pigment 12#: Organic purple pigment, Solvent Violet 37, Ningbo Longxin Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0075] The preparation method of the following examples and comparative examples of the ultraviolet laser markable color nylon composite material includes the following steps: using a double screw extruder with a length-diameter ratio of 48:1 (double-sided feeding, high vacuum), the nylon resin, antioxidant, lubricant, laser sensitizer and color pigment are mixed uniformly and fed into the double screw extruder, the side feeding is in the fifth zone and the eighth zone, the fifth zone is fed with halogen-free flame retardant, and the eighth zone is fed with short glass fiber, and the ultraviolet laser markable nylon composite material is obtained by melt extrusion and granulation; the temperature of the melt extrusion is 240°C, and the rotating speed of the double screw extruder is 250 rpm.

[0076] Examples 1-25

[0077] The present example provides a series of ultraviolet laser markable color nylon composite materials, and the components of each raw material are shown in Tables 1-2.

[0078] Table 1 Component amount (parts by weight) of Examples 1-12

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] Table 2 Amount of components (parts by weight) of Examples 13-25

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Comparative Examples 1-5

[0085] This comparative example provides a series of UV laser markable color nylon composites, and the components of each raw material are shown in Table 3.

[0086] Table 3 Amount of components (parts by weight) of Comparative Examples 1-5

[0087]

[0088] Performance test

[0089] 1. UV laser marking test

[0090] The UV laser markable nylon composites prepared from each example and comparative example were subjected to UV laser marking according to the following method and relevant tests were performed, and the results are shown in Tables 4-6 and Figure 1 .

[0091] UV laser marking method: A large group of laser UV laser marking machine UV-3X (laser beam output power is 3W) was used, the laser wavelength is 355nm, the laser marking process: frequency 25KHz, speed 1000mm / s, pulse width 33μs; current: 1A, marking a 30mm×30mm square in the flat panel, used for color measurement test.

[0092] Color measurement method: Using a spectrophotometer in reflection mode, the color before and after laser marking a 30mm×30mm square was measured in the CIE Lab color space L* value, a* value, b* value. The spectrophotometer is X-rite Color-Eye 7000A spectrophotometer, by measuring the spectral reflectance factor or spectral transmittance, the three stimulus values of the sample color are calculated and converted to CIE Lab;

[0093] L* represents lightness, the range is from 0 to 100, indicating the color from dark (black) to light (white).

[0094] a* represents red-green, the numerical change from positive to negative, indicating the color from red to green.

[0095] b* represents yellow-blue, the numerical change from positive to negative, indicating the color from yellow to blue.

[0096] DL* is the difference in lightness, positive value indicates lighter (white), negative value indicates darker (black).

[0097] Da* is the difference between red and green, positive value means redder, negative value means greener.

[0098] Db* is the difference between yellow and blue, positive value means yellower, negative value means bluer.

[0099] DE represents the total color difference. The calculation formula is as formula (1):

[0100] DE = (DL*^2 + Da*^2 + Db*^2)^0.5

[0101] The greater the color change DE value of the area before and after laser marking, the better the marking contrast of the material.

[0102] 2. Mechanical properties and flame retardancy test:

[0103] Tensile strength: tested according to GB / T 1040-2018 standard; tensile speed is 10 mm / min.

[0104] Charpy notched impact strength: tested according to GB / T 1043.1-2008 standard, test conditions are: 4 mm thickness, injection molding A type notched sample, 23℃.

[0105] Flame retardancy test: vertical flame retardancy refers to GB / T 2408-2008 standard, measured by vertical-horizontal flame measuring instrument, sample thickness is 1.6 mm.

[0106] Figure 1 From left to right are materials of examples 4, 13, 17 and 19, respectively using solvent red 195, titanium chromium brown, phthalocyanine green (pigment green 7), phthalocyanine blue (pigment blue 15) as color pigments, the upper graph is the matrix after 355 nm laser marking under different parameters (pulse width is 5, 15, 25 and 33 μs in turn; speed is 600, 1000, 1400 and 1800 mm / s in turn, frequency is 25 KHz); the lower graph is the square block of marking pulse width 25 μs and 33 μs (speed 1000 mm / s, frequency 25 kHz) respectively; it can be seen that the color difference of the material of the application before and after marking is obvious, and it also has high definition and contrast under lower laser output power.

[0107] Table 4

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] Table 5

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Table 6

[0114]

[0115] From Tables 4-6, it can be seen that the color change DE value of the color nylon composite material of the present application before and after laser marking is above 21.41, especially for the nylon composite material containing pigment green 50 (titanium cobalt green), the DE value can reach 37.83, while the tensile strength is above 105 Mpa, and the notched impact strength is 6.1 KJ / m 2 The above, the flame retardance reaches V-0 level.

[0116] Compared with Example 2, the DE value of color change of the area before and after marking in Comparative Example 1 is obviously decreased, and the contrast is lower.

[0117] In Comparative Example 2, basic copper phosphate is used as the laser sensitizer, the price of basic copper phosphate is expensive, the cost is higher, which is not conducive to industrial application, and the DE value of ultraviolet laser marking in the color nylon system is lower.

[0118] In Comparative Example 3, the content of zinc sulfide is too high, which will lead to the decrease of the flame retardance.

[0119] The nylon composite material in Comparative Example 4 does not contain pigment, and the defect that zinc sulfide will become gray yellow under ultraviolet laser is not covered, and the color becomes gray after marking.

[0120] In Comparative Example 5, when diantimony trioxide is used as the laser sensitizer, the DE value after ultraviolet laser marking is obviously decreased.

[0121] The above examples of the present application are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not the limitation of the embodiments of the present application. For ordinary skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made on the basis of the above description. Here, all the embodiments are not required to be exhausted. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A UV laser markable colored nylon composite material, characterized in that, The composition comprises the following components by weight: nylon resin 60-75 parts, glass fiber 0-40 parts, halogen-free flame retardant 12-20 parts, laser sensitizer 0.05-0.3 parts, color pigment 0.1-1 part, the laser sensitizer is zinc sulfide and / or zinc oxide.

2. The UV-laser markable colored nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein, The nylon resin is one or more of PA6, PA66, PA46, PPA, PA12, PA610, PA1010, PA1012 or PA1212.

3. The UV-laser markable colored nylon composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The melt flow rate of the nylon resin at 250℃, 0.325kg is 0.5-30g / 10min.

4. The UV-laser markable colored nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein, The glass fiber is one or more of alkali-free short glass fiber, medium alkali short glass fiber or high alkali short glass fiber.

5. The UV-laser markable colored nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein, The halogen-free flame retardant is one or more of organic hypophosphite, inorganic phosphite, melamine phosphate, zinc borate, magnesium hydroxide.

6. The UV-laser markable colored nylon composite material according to claim 5, wherein, The halogen-free flame retardant is organic hypophosphite, melamine phosphate and zinc borate in a mass ratio of (4-8):(0.5-2):

1.

7. The UV-laser markable colored nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein, The color pigment comprises inorganic color pigment and / or organic color pigment; The organic color pigment is one or more of azo, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone or aromatic amine pigment; The inorganic color pigment is one or more of iron oxide, cerium sulfide, titanium chromium brown, zinc iron yellow, titanium cobalt green, ultramarine blue, ultramarine purple.

8. The UV-laser markable colored nylon composite material according to claim 1, wherein, It also comprises 0.1-0.3 parts of antioxidant and 0.3-0.6 parts of lubricant.

9. A method of producing the ultraviolet laser markable colored nylon composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the components, melt extruding, and granulating to obtain the ultraviolet laser markable color nylon composite material.

10. Use of the ultraviolet laser markable color nylon composite material of any one of claims 1-8 in the preparation of consumer electronic products.

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