Explosive mining project arrangement method for limited space of jamb in ultrahigh panel

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of mining, and particularly relates to an ultrahigh panel jamb limited space accurate mining engineering arrangement method which comprises the following steps: S1, mining area division; s2, filling retaining wall construction and filling operation; s3, slope ramp construction; s4, arranging a new ore removal level and a roadway; s5, designing an ore removal roadway support; and S6, undercutting roadway support design. By optimizing mining area arrangement, the ore transportation distance is shortened, the transportation and ore removal efficiency is improved, the mining cost and complexity are reduced, and the mining production efficiency and economic benefits are improved. According to the method, panel layout, production capacity and cost optimization are comprehensively considered, and an efficient and economical solution is provided for mining of the pillar in the limited space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a method for arranging a mining project for confined space in an ultra-high plate area. Background Art

[0002] Due to the high height and narrow width of the plate area pillar, there is only one mining tunnel at the bottom. At the same time, the filling bodies on both sides of the plate area pillar are of low strength and large height, and the layout space of the mining project, especially the bottom structure, is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to flexibly select the appropriate bottom structure form according to the mining technical conditions and surrounding environmental conditions of each plate area pillar. According to the experience of domestic and foreign stage (segmented) open field subsequent filling mining method, the bottom structure can adopt three bottom structure forms, namely trench bottom structure, flat bottom structure and funnel bottom structure. The bottom structure of the trench is safer because the shovel loader loads ore in a dedicated tunnel, but its ore-exit eyebrow is easily damaged by the impact of the ore flow, and residual losses will be caused between the end of the access route in the mining area and the two loading access routes; the flat bottom structure is relatively simple, and the mining and cutting workload is small, but there are risks such as the shovel loader being smashed or buried during operation; the funnel bottom structure is similar to the trench bottom structure in terms of ore-exiting method, but it uses intermittent ore-receiving funnels instead of a fully opened trench. Compared with the trench, the funnel causes less damage to the bottom structure, but its ore-receiving conditions are worse than those of the trench, and the mining accuracy workload is large.

[0003] Since most of the plate-area pillars have equal-height filling bodies on both sides, the layout space of the bottom structure engineering is severely limited. Under the condition that there is a plate-area joint tunnel in the center of the pillar, the reasonable layout of the bottom mining system is the biggest challenge. The bottom structure of the ore block is a key component of the mining method. Its design directly affects the production capacity, labor productivity, ore loss and depletion degree of the mining method, and the safety of mining work. The bottom structure design should ensure that it meets the requirements of ore discharge, has good stability, guarantees the quality of mining, and minimizes the amount of engineering work, and strives to be simple in structure and easy to construct.

[0004] At present, the height of the pan area stope is high, the construction is difficult, and the space is limited. In addition, there is only one horizontal tunnel before the pan area pillar, which cannot meet the mining requirements of thick and large ore bodies, nor is it suitable for distributed mining and mining equipment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for arranging a mining project for confined space in an ultra-high-pan area with pillars, which effectively solves the safety and economic problems of high-pan area pillar mining through scientific mining area division, filling wall construction, tunnel layout and support design.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a method for arranging a limited space mining project for an ultra-high plate area pillar, wherein the mining and filling operations have been completed at the stopes on both sides of the plate area pillar, and an original mining tunnel is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the plate area pillar along the direction of the plate area pillar. The method for arranging a limited space mining project for an ultra-high plate area pillar comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Mining area division: the pan area pillars are divided into several mining areas according to the distribution characteristics of the ore body and the vertical changes of the ore body, permanent pillars are left between adjacent mining areas, and each mining area is divided into multiple continuous pan area stopes;

[0008] S2. Construction of backfill retaining wall and backfilling operation: Before the backfilling of the pan stope in a certain mining area, backfill retaining walls are built at both ends of the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the permanent ore pillar at the left side of the mining area and the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the permanent ore pillar at the left side, and the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the permanent ore pillar at the left side of the mining area and the original mining tunnel is filled with full tailings cementation;

[0009] S3. Construction of ramp: Construction of ramp in the permanent pillar, the ramp starting from the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the mining area on the left side of the permanent pillar, and extending obliquely to the upper right in the permanent pillar;

[0010] S4. New mining level and roadway layout: at the right end of the ramp, a bottom roadway and a mining roadway are constructed along the direction of the pan area pillar towards the mining area level, as the new mining level when the pan area stope in the mining area is mined. A certain width is set between the mining roadway and the filling body on one side of the pan area pillar. The bottom roadway is arranged close to the filling body on the other side of the pan area pillar. In each pan area stope, a mining access road is constructed between the bottom roadway and the mining roadway;

[0011] S5. Mine exit tunnel support: The mine exit tunnel adopts steel arch frame, and the side of the mine exit tunnel close to the filling body is sprayed with concrete to ensure the stability of the tunnel;

[0012] S6. Ladi tunnel support: The ladi tunnel adopts shotcrete mesh support, and the angle of the ore cutting shall not exceed the natural repose angle of the ore.

[0013] Optionally, in step S1, the length of the permanent pillar is L1, L1=(L n +L n+1 ) / 3, where L n is the length of the mining area on the left side of the permanent pillar, L n+1 It is the length of the mining area on the right side of the permanent pillar.

[0014] Optionally, in step S2, the 28d compressive strength of the filling body in the original mining tunnel is not less than 3.0 MPa.

[0015] Optionally, in step S3, the slope of the ramp is 10% to 15%, the height difference between the two ends of the ramp is H, H=(10% to 15%)L1, the length of the ramp is L2, L1 is the length of the permanent pillar.

[0016] Optionally, in step S4, there is an oblique angle α between the mine exit route and the mine exit tunnel, and α is designed according to the turning ability of the loader and the tunnel space.

[0017] Optionally, in step S5, the mining tunnel is supported by 25U steel arch frames, the spacing between adjacent 25U steel arch frames is 0.8 meters, and is equipped with Φ22 threaded anchor rods with a length of 1.5 meters. The base width of the 25U steel arch frames is 2 meters, and C25 concrete with a thickness of 15 centimeters is sprayed on the side of the mining tunnel close to the filling body.

[0018] Optionally, in step S6, the specifications of the anchor rods are Φ20mm×2200mm, the spacing is 1.2m×1.2m, and the specifications of the anchor cables are Φ21.8mm×7300mm.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the ultra-high panel area pillar confined space mining engineering layout method provided by this application are:

[0020] By adopting the mining method of staged emptying and subsequent filling, the underground panel pillars are divided into mining areas for optimized layout. By building filling retaining walls and filling the original mining joint tunnel at the bottom of the mining area, the mining tunnel and bottom tunnel are reconstructed at a certain height above the original mining joint tunnel. On the basis of the original mining joint tunnel, a double tunnel mining layout is designed to solve the problem of limited bottom space of the original panel pillar. The design of permanent pillars and filling retaining walls ensures the stability of upper construction and tunnels, avoiding the risk of instability in the traditional mining area in the restricted area of ​​pillars. The optimized layout of the new mining level and ramp improves mining efficiency, shortens the ore transportation distance, improves transportation and mining efficiency, and reduces mining costs and complexity. The steel arch support technology improves the safety of the mining tunnel of the super-high mining area and avoids the risk of rock collapse. In addition, the continuous mining of multiple panel mining areas not only saves the cost and preparation time of panel pillar mining, but also effectively reduces the complexity and overall cost of empty area filling, further improving mining production efficiency and economic benefits. This method comprehensively considers the layout of the panel area, production capacity and cost optimization, and provides an efficient and economical solution for the mining of pillars in confined spaces. While ensuring safety, it reduces the difficulty of construction and improves the recovery rate and economic benefits of the mine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] in:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for arranging a mining project in a confined space of a super-high panel pillar shown in one embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the division of the plate area pillars in the method for arranging the ultra-high plate area pillar confined space mining project shown in one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a longitudinal projection diagram of a mining project in a method for arranging a mining project in a confined space of a super-high plate area pillar shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a bottom structure layout diagram of a pan area pillar in a method for arranging a super-high pan area pillar confined space mining project shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an upward inclined ramp in a method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high panel pillar area shown in an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Pan area pillars; 101. Mining area; 2. Backfill retaining wall; 3. Ramp; 4. Chute; 5. Pan area mine; 6. Backfill body; 7. Mine exit tunnel; 8. Bottom tunnel; 9. Mine exit approach; 10. Cutting groove; 11. Cutting skylight; 12. Permanent pillars; 13. Blast holes; 14. Mining trench; 15. Bottom pillar; 16. Concrete; 17. Original mine exit tunnel; 18. Roof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more comprehensively with reference to the relevant drawings below. The preferred embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many other different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0034] As described in the background technology, at present, the height of the pan area stope is high, the construction is difficult, and the space is limited. In addition, there is only one horizontal tunnel before the pan area pillar, which cannot meet the mining requirements of thick ore bodies and is not suitable for distributed mining and mining equipment.

[0035] The present invention is different from other one-step mining or two-step mining double tunnel arrangements. When both sides of the disc area pillars are filled with filling bodies and the bottom space is limited, the original mining tunnel is filled and then a new horizontal tunnel is designed. While ensuring safety, it reduces the difficulty of construction and improves the mine recovery rate and economic benefits.

[0036] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for arranging mining projects in a limited space with ultra-high column, which is particularly suitable for the plate area with high stope height, great construction difficulty and limited mining project arrangement. Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the mining of both sides of the panel pillar 1 has been completed and the filling operation has been completed. The original mining joint tunnel 17 is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the panel pillar 1 along the direction of the panel pillar 1. The method for arranging the limited space mining project of the super-high panel pillar includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Mining area division: The panel pillar 1 is divided into several mining areas 101 according to the distribution characteristics of the ore body and the vertical changes of the ore body. Figure 4It is shown that the mining area 101 is divided into three continuous pan-area stopes 5, and permanent pillars 12 are left between adjacent mining areas 101, dividing each mining area 101 into multiple continuous pan-area stopes 5; the permanent pillars 12 act as structural supports, which can effectively withstand the surrounding rock pressure, reduce the mutual influence between the stopes, and prevent large-scale collapse.

[0038] The length of the permanent pillar 12 is L1, L1 = (L n +L n+1 ) / 3, where L n is the length of the mining area 101 on the left side of the permanent pillar 12, L n+1 is the length of the mining area 101 on the right side of the permanent pillar 12, and the length L of the mining area 101 is n =75m, L n+1 =75m, then the length L1 of the permanent pillar 12 left between the two mining areas 101 = (75+75)×1 / 3 = 50m.

[0039] S2. Construction of filling retaining wall and filling operation: before mining the pan-area stope 5 in a certain mining area 101, a filling retaining wall 2 is built at both ends of the original ore-discharging tunnel 17 at the bottom of the mining area 101 and the permanent ore pillar 12 located on its left side, and the original ore-discharging tunnel 17 at the bottom of the mining area 101 and the permanent ore pillar 12 located on its left side is filled with full tailings cementation; in order to ensure the safety and stability of the bottom tunnel 8 and the ore-discharging tunnel 7 constructed in the subsequent step S4, the 28d compressive strength of the filling body in the original ore-discharging tunnel 17 is not less than 3.0MPa.

[0040] S3. Ramp construction: Construction of ramp 3 in permanent pillar 12, ramp 3 starts from the original mine joint lane 17 at the bottom of the mining area 101 on the left side of permanent pillar 12, and extends to the upper right in the permanent pillar 12; it should be noted that, if Figure 4 As shown, a cutting groove 10 and a chute 4 connected to the original mining tunnel 17 are also provided at the bottom of the left mining area 101.

[0041] Specifically, the slope of the ramp 3 is 10% to 15%, the height difference between the two ends of the ramp 3 is H, H=(10% to 15%)L1, and the length of the ramp 3 is L2. When H is 6 meters and L1 is 50 meters, the length of ramp 3 can be calculated by the above calculation formula:

[0042] S4. New mining level and tunnel layout: At the right end of the ramp 3, a bottom tunnel 8 and a mining tunnel 7 are constructed along the direction of the panel pillar 1 to the mining area 101 level, as the new mining level when the panel stope 5 in the mining area 101 is mined. Due to the high height of the panel pillar 1 and the low strength of the filling body 6, and the mining tunnel 7 is a permanent reserved tunnel, in order to prevent the mining tunnel 7 from collapsing, a certain width d = 18 × 20% = 3.6m is set between the mining tunnel 7 and the filling body 6 on one side of the panel pillar 1; bottom tunnel Road 8 is a temporary tunnel, and the bottom tunnel 8 is arranged close to the filling body 6 on the other side of the panel pillar 1. In each panel mining field 5, a mine access road 9 is constructed between the bottom tunnel 8 and the mine access road 7; by optimizing the layout of the mine access road 9, multiple panel mining fields 5 can share the same mine access road 7, avoiding the duplication of work and waste of resources caused by setting up a separate mine access channel for each panel mining field 5, thereby reducing the cost of engineering construction. At the same time, it simplifies the mining process, improves the efficiency of the mining operation, and saves time and human resources.

[0043] Furthermore, the bottom tunnel 8 in each panel stope 5 is also provided with a cutting shaft 11. There is an oblique angle α between the mine access road 9 and the mine access road 7, α is designed according to the turning ability of the loader and the road space, preferably, the mine access road 9 and the mine access road 7 are oblique at α=45°.

[0044] S5. Mine tunnel support: The mine tunnel 7 uses a steel arch frame, and the mine tunnel 7 is sprayed with concrete 16 on one side close to the filling body 6 to ensure the stability of the tunnel;

[0045] Specifically, the mining tunnel 7 is supported by 25U steel arch frames, the spacing between adjacent 25U steel arch frames is 0.8 meters, and is equipped with Φ22 threaded anchor rods with a length of 1.5 meters. The base width of the 25U steel arch frames is 2 meters. The mining tunnel 7 is sprayed with 15 cm thick C25 concrete on the side close to the filling body 6 to ensure stability and strength.

[0046] S6. Bottom tunnel support: The bottom tunnel 8 is supported by a sprayed anchor mesh, with the specifications of the anchor rods being Φ20mm×2200mm, the spacing being 1.2m×1.2m, the specifications of the anchor cables being Φ21.8mm×7300mm, and the angle of the ore cut being no greater than the natural repose angle β of the ore, preferably, β=45°.

[0047] Further, after step S6, step S7 is included. Blast hole arrangement: There are two rock drilling horizontal plate area joint tunnels on the upper part of the original mining joint tunnel of the plate area pillar 1, which can be used as rock drilling tunnels, and downward fan-shaped blast holes 13 are constructed, and the hole bottom distance is d m =2.7m, retaining walls on both sides of the panel stope 5 are reserved d l =18×10%=1.8m.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, the method for arranging the limited space mining project of the super-high plate area pillar adopts a mining method of staged emptying and subsequent filling, and divides the underground plate area pillar 1 into the mining area 101 for optimized arrangement. By building the filling retaining wall 2 and filling the original mining joint tunnel 17 at the bottom of the mining area 101, the mining tunnel 7 and the bottom tunnel 8 are reconstructed at a certain height above the original mining joint tunnel 17, and a double tunnel mining layout is designed on the basis of the original mining joint tunnel 17, which solves the problem of the original bottom space limitation of the plate area pillar 1.

[0049] The design of the permanent pillar 12 in step S1 and the filling retaining wall 2 in step S2 ensures the stability of the upper construction and the tunnel, avoiding the risk of instability in the traditional mining area in the pillar-restricted area; the optimized layout of the new mining level and ramp 3 in steps S3 and S4 improves mining efficiency, shortens the ore transportation distance, improves transportation and mining efficiency, and reduces mining costs and complexity; the steel arch support technology in step S5 improves the safety of the mining tunnel 7 in the super-high mining area and avoids the risk of rock collapse. In addition, the method of continuously mining multiple pan-area mining areas 5 not only saves the cost and preparation time of mining the pan-area pillars 1, but also effectively reduces the complexity and overall cost of filling the empty area, further improving mining production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0050] This method comprehensively considers the layout of the panel area, production capacity and cost optimization, and provides an efficient and economical solution for the mining of pillars in confined spaces. While ensuring safety, it reduces the difficulty of construction and improves the recovery rate and economic benefits of the mine.

[0051] In summary, the present invention provides a method for the accurate layout of ultra-high panel pillars in confined space, which optimizes the layout of the mining area 101, shortens the ore transportation distance, improves the transportation and mining efficiency, reduces the mining cost and complexity, and improves the mining production efficiency and economic benefits. The method comprehensively considers the panel layout, production capacity and cost optimization, and provides an efficient and economic solution for the mining of confined space pillars.

[0052] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0053] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for arranging a limited space mining project for an ultra-high plate pillar, wherein the mining and filling operations have been completed at both sides of the plate pillar, and an original mine-exit joint tunnel is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the plate pillar along the direction of the plate pillar, characterized in that: The method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high panel area pillar comprises the following steps: S1. Mining area division: the pan area pillars are divided into several mining areas according to the distribution characteristics of the ore body and the vertical changes of the ore body, permanent pillars are left between adjacent mining areas, and each mining area is divided into multiple continuous pan area stopes; S2. Construction of backfill retaining wall and backfilling operation: Before the backfilling of the pan stope in a certain mining area, backfill retaining walls are built at both ends of the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the permanent ore pillar at the left side of the mining area and the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the permanent ore pillar at the left side, and the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the permanent ore pillar at the left side of the mining area and the original mining tunnel is filled with full tailings cementation; S3. Construction of ramp: Construction of ramp in the permanent pillar, the ramp starting from the original mining tunnel at the bottom of the mining area on the left side of the permanent pillar, and extending obliquely to the upper right in the permanent pillar; S4. New mining level and roadway layout: at the right end of the ramp, a bottom roadway and a mining roadway are constructed along the direction of the pan area pillar towards the mining area level, as the new mining level when the pan area stope in the mining area is mined. A certain width is set between the mining roadway and the filling body on one side of the pan area pillar. The bottom roadway is arranged close to the filling body on the other side of the pan area pillar. In each pan area stope, a mining access road is constructed between the bottom roadway and the mining roadway; S5. Mine exit tunnel support: The mine exit tunnel adopts steel arch frame, and the side of the mine exit tunnel close to the filling body is sprayed with concrete to ensure the stability of the tunnel; S6. Ladi tunnel support: The ladi tunnel adopts shotcrete mesh support, and the angle of the ore cutting shall not exceed the natural repose angle of the ore.

2. The method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high-pan area pillar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the length of the permanent pillar is L1, L1 = (L n +L n+1 ) / 3, where L n is the length of the mining area on the left side of the permanent pillar, L n+1 It is the length of the mining area on the right side of the permanent pillar.

3. The method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high-pan area pillar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the 28d compressive strength of the filling body in the original mining tunnel is not less than 3.0 MPa.

4. The method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high-pan area pillar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, the slope of the ramp is 10% to 15%, the height difference between the two ends of the ramp is H, H=(10% to 15%)L1, and the length of the ramp is L2. L1 is the length of the permanent pillar.

5. The method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high panel area pillar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, there is an oblique angle α between the mine exit route and the mine exit tunnel, and α is designed according to the turning ability of the scraper and the tunnel space.

6. The method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high-panel ore pillar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5, the mining tunnel is supported by 25U steel arch frames, the spacing between adjacent 25U steel arch frames is 0.8 meters, and is equipped with Φ22 threaded anchor rods with a length of 1.5 meters. The base width of the 25U steel arch frame is 2 meters, and C25 concrete with a thickness of 15 centimeters is sprayed on the side of the mining tunnel close to the filling body.

7. The method for arranging a mining project for a confined space in an ultra-high panel area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S6, the specifications of the anchor rods are Φ20mm×2200mm, the spacing is 1.2m×1.2m, and the specifications of the anchor cables are Φ21.8mm×7300mm.

Images