Multi-stage ventilation method for extra-long single-track tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel, which comprises the following steps: S1, after the extra-long single-track tunnel is excavated through an inclined shaft and is transferred into a main tunnel, the tunnel adopts a single-head ventilation mode; s2, along with continuous forward tunneling of the tunnel face, when single-end ventilation is insufficient to meet the requirement of a ventilation index and one side of the main tunnel is not communicated, the tunnel adopts a ventilation mode of wind bin relay type ventilation; and S3, after cut-through of any side of the main tunnel is completed, the tunnel adopts a ventilation mode of local roadway type ventilation. According to the method, different ventilation modes are adopted in different stages, the needed air volume is reduced, the ventilation effect of tunnel construction is fully guaranteed, meanwhile, materials are conveyed in through the inclined shaft in a downhill mode, slag is discharged through the main tunnel in a downhill mode, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and in particular to a multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-line tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of tunnel construction technology, tunnel ventilation is gradually developing in the direction of high efficiency and energy saving. At present, the single-head ventilation method is mostly used in the process of face excavation of extra-long single-track tunnels through inclined shafts. In tunnel construction, when the tunnel excavation length is large, air quality control is difficult, and the air is often mixed with various dusts, resulting in a poor working environment for construction workers. If it is not controlled in time, long-term work in this environment is likely to affect the health of the workers. In order to ensure good ventilation of the tunnel, high-power fans are often used when ventilating the extra-long single-track tunnel through inclined shafts, which consumes a lot of energy. Therefore, how to reduce energy consumption as much as possible while ensuring good ventilation of the tunnel has become a difficult problem. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel with good tunnel ventilation and reduced energy consumption.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-line tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. After the extra-long single-track tunnel is excavated through the inclined shaft and transferred to the main tunnel, the tunnel adopts the single-head ventilation method;

[0006] S2. As the tunnel face continues to advance, when the single-head ventilation is insufficient to meet the ventilation index requirements and the main tunnel has not completed one side penetration, the tunnel adopts the ventilation method of wind chamber relay ventilation;

[0007] S3. After completing the penetration of any side of the main tunnel, the tunnel adopts the ventilation method of local tunnel ventilation.

[0008] Furthermore, the ventilation method of single-head ventilation is specifically as follows:

[0009] A first air duct is arranged in the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, and the first air duct starts from the inclined shaft and extends to the tunnel faces on both sides, and a first fan is arranged at a port of the first air duct corresponding to the tunnel entrance of the inclined shaft. Fresh air is transported to the tunnel faces on both sides through the first air duct, and dirty air is discharged through the inclined shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the first air duct includes two independent branch pipes, and the two branch pipes respectively start from the inclined shaft and extend to the tunnel faces on both sides.

[0011] Furthermore, the ventilation mode of wind bin relay ventilation is realized by the following structure:

[0012] A wind silo close to the tunnel wall is installed at the top of the intersection of the main tunnel and the inclined shaft;

[0013] A second air duct connected to the air bin is arranged in the inclined shaft, and a second fan is arranged in the second air duct;

[0014] A third air duct connected to the air bin is respectively arranged on both sides of the air bin corresponding to the main tunnel, and a third fan is arranged in each of the third air ducts;

[0015] Fresh air passes through the second air duct and enters the air bin, is transported to the excavation face through the third air duct, and is discharged through the inclined shaft.

[0016] Furthermore, when the ventilation method of wind bin relay ventilation is adopted and the polluted air is difficult to be discharged, a fourth fan is arranged in the inclined shaft to discharge the polluted air.

[0017] Furthermore, the wind bin is designed based on the angle between the longitudinal direction of the inclined shaft and the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel and the maximum excavation distance, and the side with a smaller angle between the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel and the longitudinal direction of the inclined shaft and a larger maximum excavation distance is selected as the large-sized air outlet of the wind bin, otherwise, the small-sized air outlet of the wind bin is selected.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific implementation method of the local tunnel ventilation method is as follows:

[0019] A fourth air duct is arranged in the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, and the fourth air duct starts from the inclined shaft and extends to the excavation face, and a fifth fan is arranged at a port of the fourth air duct corresponding to the tunnel entrance of the inclined shaft, and fresh air is transported to the tunnel face through the fourth air duct, and dirty air is discharged through the main tunnel.

[0020] Furthermore, when a local tunnel ventilation method is adopted, the material enters through the inclined shaft via downhill, and is discharged through the main tunnel via downhill.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

[0022] The multi-stage ventilation method for the extra-long single-track tunnel of the present invention reduces the required air volume by adopting different ventilation modes at different stages, fully ensuring the ventilation effect of tunnel construction, and at the same time transports materials downhill through the inclined shaft and discharges slag downhill through the main tunnel, thereby reducing energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the steps of the multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-line tunnel of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the ventilation mode of the single-end ventilation of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ventilation mode of the wind bin relay ventilation of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the ventilation mode of the local lane ventilation of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the wind bin installation structure of the present invention.

[0028] The components in the attached drawings are marked as follows: 1. inclined shaft; 2. main tunnel; 3. first air duct; 4. first fan; 5. wind bin; 6. second air duct; 7. second fan; 8. third air duct; 9. third fan; 10. fourth fan; 11. fourth air duct; 12. fifth fan; A. palm face. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1 .

[0031] The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-line tunnel of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0032] S1. After the extra-long single-track tunnel is excavated through the inclined shaft 1 and transferred to the main tunnel 2, the tunnel adopts the single-head ventilation ventilation method;

[0033] S2. As the tunnel face A continues to advance, when the single-head ventilation is insufficient to meet the ventilation index requirements (based on the data of on-site detection and the comparison with the limit of toxic and harmful substances in the air required by the specification), and the main tunnel 2 has not completed the penetration on one side, the tunnel adopts the ventilation mode of wind chamber relay ventilation;

[0034] S3. After the penetration of any side of the main tunnel 2 is completed, the tunnel adopts a local laneway ventilation method. This design reduces the required air volume by adopting different ventilation methods at different stages, fully ensuring the ventilation effect of the tunnel construction.

[0035] In one embodiment, see Figure 2The specific ventilation methods of single-head ventilation are:

[0036] The first air duct 3 is arranged in the inclined shaft 1 and the main tunnel 2, and the first air duct 3 starts from the inclined shaft 1 and extends to the tunnel faces A on both sides, and the first fan 4 is arranged at the port of the first air duct 3 corresponding to the hole opening of the inclined shaft 1, and fresh air is transported to the tunnel faces A on both sides through the first air duct 3, and the dirty air is discharged through the inclined shaft 1. Such a design has a simple structure and better effect for short-distance ventilation.

[0037] In one embodiment, the first air duct 3 includes two independent branch pipes, and the two branch pipes respectively start from the inclined shaft 1 and extend to the two sides of the tunnel faces A. This design can ensure that the ventilation of each tunnel face meets actual needs.

[0038] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 , 5 The ventilation method of wind bin relay ventilation is realized by the following structure:

[0039] A wind bin 5 close to the tunnel wall is installed at the top of the intersection of the main tunnel 2 and the inclined shaft 1;

[0040] A second air duct 6 connected to the air bin 5 is arranged in the inclined shaft 1, and a second fan 7 is arranged in the second air duct 6;

[0041] A third air duct 8 connected to the air bin 5 is respectively arranged on both sides of the main tunnel 2 corresponding to the air bin 5, and a third fan 9 is arranged in each of the third air ducts 8;

[0042] Fresh air enters the wind chamber 5 after passing through the second wind duct 6, and is delivered to the excavation face A through the third wind duct 8, and the dirty air is discharged through the inclined shaft 1. This design can achieve the effect of relaying the wind pressure and wind volume of the relay ventilation by storing the wind volume in the wind chamber.

[0043] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 When the ventilation method of wind bin relay ventilation is adopted and the polluted air is difficult to be discharged, a fourth fan 10 is arranged in the inclined shaft 1 to discharge the polluted air.

[0044] In one embodiment, the design of the wind bin 5 is carried out according to the angle between the longitudinal direction of the inclined shaft 1 and the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 2 and the maximum excavation distance, and the side with a smaller angle between the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 2 and the longitudinal direction of the inclined shaft 1 and a larger maximum excavation distance is selected as the large-sized air outlet of the wind bin 5, and vice versa, the small-sized air outlet of the wind bin 5 is selected. In this design, by setting the two air outlets of the wind bin 5 to different sizes, the maximum ventilation efficiency is ensured.

[0045] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 The specific implementation method of the local tunnel ventilation method is as follows:

[0046] A fourth air duct 11 is arranged in the inclined shaft 1 and the main tunnel 2, and the fourth air duct 11 starts from the inclined shaft 1 and extends to the excavated tunnel face A, and a fifth fan 12 is arranged at a port of the fourth air duct 11 corresponding to the tunnel opening of the inclined shaft 1, and fresh air is transported to the tunnel face A through the fourth air duct 11, and dirty air is exhausted through the main tunnel 2. In this design, the inclined shaft and the main tunnel are used to form independent air supply and exhaust channels, which effectively improves the ventilation effect.

[0047] In one embodiment, when the local tunnel ventilation method is adopted, the material enters through the inclined shaft 1 downhill and is discharged through the main tunnel 2 downhill. In this design, the material is transported downhill through the inclined shaft and discharged downhill through the main tunnel, which reduces energy consumption.

[0048] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., then the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture as shown in the accompanying drawings. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0049] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or schemes that A and B meet at the same time. In addition, "multiple" refers to more than two. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0050] It should be understood that the examples and implementation modes described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or changes based on the examples and implementation modes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-line tunnel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. After the extra-long single-track tunnel is excavated through the inclined shaft (1) and transferred to the main tunnel (2), the tunnel adopts a single-head ventilation ventilation method; S2. As the tunnel face (A) continues to advance, when the single-head ventilation is insufficient to meet the ventilation index requirements and the main tunnel (2) has not completed one side penetration, the tunnel adopts a ventilation method of relay ventilation using a wind chamber (5); S3. After completing the penetration of any side of the main tunnel (2), the tunnel adopts a local lane ventilation method.

2. The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific ventilation methods of single-head ventilation are: A first air duct (3) is arranged in the inclined shaft (1) and the main tunnel (2), and the first air duct (3) starts from the inclined shaft (1) and extends to the tunnel faces (A) on both sides, and a first fan (4) is arranged at the port of the first air duct (3) corresponding to the tunnel opening of the inclined shaft (1), and fresh air is transported to the tunnel faces (A) on both sides through the first air duct (3), and dirty air is discharged through the inclined shaft (1).

3. The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first air duct (3) comprises two independent branch pipes, and the two branch pipes respectively start from the inclined shaft (1) and extend to the tunnel faces (A) on both sides.

4. The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation mode of the wind bin (5) relay ventilation is realized by adopting the following structure: A wind silo (5) is installed at the top of the intersection of the main tunnel (2) and the inclined shaft (1) so as to be close to the tunnel wall; A second air duct (6) connected to the air bin (5) is arranged in the inclined shaft (1), and a second fan (7) is arranged in the second air duct (6); A third air duct (8) connected to the air bin (5) is respectively arranged on both sides of the air bin (5) corresponding to the main hole (2), and a third fan (9) is arranged in each of the third air ducts (8); Fresh air passes through the second air duct (6) and enters the air bin (5), and is transported to the excavation face (A) through the third air duct (8), and the polluted air is discharged through the inclined shaft (1).

5. The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the ventilation method of relay ventilation of the wind bin (5) is adopted and the dirty air is difficult to be discharged, a fourth fan (10) is arranged in the inclined shaft (1) to discharge the dirty air.

6. The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wind bin (5) is designed based on the angle between the longitudinal direction of the inclined shaft (1) and the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel (2) and the maximum excavation distance, and the side with a smaller angle between the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel (2) and the longitudinal direction of the inclined shaft (1) and a larger maximum excavation distance is selected as the large-sized air outlet of the wind bin (5), otherwise, the small-sized air outlet of the wind bin (5) is selected.

7. The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of the local tunnel ventilation method is as follows: A fourth air duct (11) is arranged in the inclined shaft (1) and the main tunnel (2), and the fourth air duct (11) starts from the inclined shaft (1) and extends to the excavated tunnel face (A), and a fifth fan (12) is arranged at a port of the fourth air duct (11) corresponding to the tunnel opening of the inclined shaft (1), so that fresh air is transported to the tunnel face (A) through the fourth air duct (11), and dirty air is discharged through the main tunnel (2).

8. The multi-stage ventilation method for an extra-long single-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the local tunnel ventilation method is adopted, the material enters through the inclined shaft (1) downhill and is discharged through the main tunnel (2) downhill.

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