Whole tailing slurry and whole-size-fraction barren rock interbedding composite cementation subsequent filling technology
By using the technology of interlayer composite cementing of full-tailed sand slurry and full-grain waste rock during the filling process of mining goaf, the problems of high cost and insufficient body strength under a single material filling method are solved, and the overall strength and economic benefits of the filling body are optimized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510391571.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
In the filling treatment of existing mining goafs, a single full-tailed sand slurry filling method or full-grain waste stone filling method has problems such as high cost, insufficient body strength, poor top and stability. It is difficult to take into account the strength and stability of the filling body, and it is impossible to effectively reduce the amount of waste stone transportation and transportation costs.
The composite cementation and subsequent filling technology of the whole-tailed sand slurry and the whole-grain waste rock are used. During the filling process, the bottom layer is filled with high-strength full-tailed sand slurry, and the remaining layers are alternately filled with full-grain waste rock and full-tailed sand slurry for layered cyclic filling.
While ensuring the overall strength of the filling body, it can effectively reduce the amount of waste stone transport during underground mining, reduce the pressure of mine transportation, reduce the filling cost, and achieve the goal of minimum filling cost and optimal overall economic benefits while safe and stable mining of mines.
Smart Images
Figure CN119982059A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of filling and management of empty areas after mining, and specifically relates to a filling technology of interlayer composite cementation of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock. Background Art
[0002] As mines gradually turn to deep mining, backfill mining is an important means for mines to deal with high ground stress underground. Reasonable backfill technology can not only effectively regulate the distribution of ground stress in the mining area and reduce the occurrence of ground pressure disasters, but also improve the recovery rate of mineral resources and increase the overall economic benefits of mines.
[0003] Backfill mining has gone through several stages of development, from the initial dry filling of waste rock, to water-sand filling, low-concentration tailings cementation filling, and then to modern paste filling, and its filling process has gradually become perfect. However, different mines use different filling technologies due to their different underground environments, and the construction and operation and maintenance costs of the filling system are also different. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a filling technology that can effectively take into account the safety and stability of the mining area while minimizing the filling cost of the mine and optimizing the overall economic benefits of the mine. In response to the technical difficulties of large investment and high cost in filling and processing of goafs, Lin Jingshang and others used the existing filling system of a mine to design and build a simple, practical, and low-investment ground-assisted pumping filling system, which solved the difficulty of filling the middle and upper voids in large voids while reducing the overall filling cost of the mine. In response to the problem of surface subsidence caused by high-drop mining in parallel belts of low-grade iron ore deposits in the southeast area of Gongchangling Iron Mine, Ren Fengyu et al. proposed a new filling method that uses the critical bulk column principle to control the scope of surface subsidence, which greatly improved the mining and filling production efficiency and opened up a new way for environmentally friendly and efficient mining of low-grade iron ore deposits in steeply inclined parallel belts. Li Yuanhui et al. introduced a new mining method, namely the stage filling mining method. This method combines the characteristics of the traditional open-field method and the filling method, and forms a complete filling mining method system with the original filling mining method, which is of great significance for the efficient recovery of mineral resources and the realization of waste-free mining in mines.
[0004] In the existing mine goaf filling management, there are many shortcomings in the single full tailings slurry filling or full-grade waste rock filling method. On the one hand, although the full tailings slurry filling has higher strength, the amount of cementing material used is large and the filling cost is high; on the other hand, although the full-grade waste rock filling has lower cost and sufficient waste rock source during underground excavation, the filling body is relatively insufficient in strength, and the top connection and stability are poor. In addition, it is difficult for a single material filling to take into account both the strength and stability of the filling body, and it is also impossible to effectively reduce the amount of waste rock transported and the transportation cost, and the overall economic benefits are poor. In view of this, based on the existing theory of goaf filling management, the present invention proposes a full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayer composite cementation subsequent filling technology. The aim is to adopt a new filling mode in which the bottom layer is filled with high-strength full tailings slurry, and the other layers are filled with full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry in an alternating cycle, so as to ensure the overall strength of the filling body while reducing the amount of waste rock transported out during underground mining and alleviating the pressure of mine transportation and lifting, and ultimately achieve the goal of safe and stable mining of the mine with the lowest filling cost and the best overall economic benefits. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a technology for composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayers and subsequent filling, so as to achieve safe and stable mining of the mine while minimizing the filling cost and optimizing the overall economic benefits.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a technology for composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayers followed by filling, comprising the following steps: S1. In the case of filling and treatment of the void area after mining of steeply inclined thin ore veins, a through well is evenly excavated along the top pillar of the void area as the filling discharge port; S2. Determine the thickness of each filling layer according to the natural repose angle of full-size waste rock and the spacing between the filling discharge ports. The filling raw materials are full tailings slurry and full-size waste rock; S3. When filling the goaf through the filling discharge port, the bottom layer is filled with high-strength full tailings slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:4, and the remaining layers are alternately filled with full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry in a layered cycle; S4. Strictly control the thickness of each filling layer and the alternating use of filling materials until the filling is completed, and finally achieve the interlayer composite cementation of full tailings slurry and full-grained waste rock in the goaf and subsequent filling.
[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the filling discharge openings should be evenly excavated in the top pillar of the goaf, the adjacent discharge openings should be equally spaced in the horizontal direction, and the position of the excavated filling discharge opening should correspond to the position of the adjacent upper middle section discharge opening in the vertical direction.
[0008] Preferably, the step S2 determines the thickness of each filling layer according to the natural repose angle of the full-size waste rock and the distance between the filling feed ports, specifically in the following manner: When the natural repose angle of full-grade waste rock is in the range of 38° to 40°, the filling layer thickness is 8m when the distance between the discharge ports is less than 20m, and the filling layer thickness is 10m when the distance between the discharge ports is greater than 20m.
[0009] Preferably, in the process of alternately using full-size waste rock and full tailings slurry for layered cyclic filling in the remaining layers in step S3, each layer needs to be filled with full-size waste rock first and then with full tailings slurry.
[0010] Preferably, the principle of alternating full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry for layered cyclic filling of the remaining layers in step S3 is: only when the bottoms of the full-grade waste rock conical piles lowered from adjacent filling discharge ports are in contact with each other or the top of the full-grade waste rock conical pile is less than 0.5m away from the defined layer height, it is immediately replaced with full tailings slurry for filling until the specified filling layer thickness is reached. It is sufficient if either of the two principles is met, and when one layer is filled, the next layer can be filled immediately, and the goaf is filled in a reciprocating cycle like this.
[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the cone-shaped pile of full-size waste rock in the filling layer cannot be connected to the ore pillars along the direction of the ore body, and a safety distance of at least 2m is left. Beneficial Effects
[0012] (1) The present invention provides a technology for interlayer composite bonding of full-tailings slurry and full-size waste rock and subsequent filling. It creatively uses full-size waste rock and full-tailings slurry as filling materials in the same goaf filling, and distributes them regularly and evenly in the goaf. It effectively reduces the amount of waste rock transported out during underground mining while ensuring the overall strength of the filling body, alleviates the mine transportation and lifting pressure, and reduces the filling cost.
[0013] (2) The present invention provides a technology for subsequent filling by composite bonding of interlayers of whole tailings slurry and whole-grade waste rock. In the filling process, the lowest layer is filled with high-strength (ash-sand ratio 1:4) whole tailings slurry, and the remaining layers are filled with whole-grade waste rock and whole tailings slurry in a new mode of alternating circulation. This helps the whole tailings slurry to automatically flow into the gaps in the waste rock under the action of gravity during the filling process, indirectly increasing the strength of the whole-grade waste rock filling area, ensuring the overall strength of the filling body, and achieving safe and stable mining of the mine while optimizing the overall economic benefits of the mine.
[0014] (3) The present invention provides a technology for interlayer composite bonding of full-tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock followed by filling. While separating the full-grade waste rock filling process from the full-tailings slurry filling process, it also ensures that the two do not affect each other. That is, although both filling materials are lowered from the discharge port to the goaf, there is a time sequence in the process. Even the waste rock required for filling can be stored in advance in the goaf of the upper middle section, and when the waste rock filling is carried out, it can be directly lowered to the goaf by virtue of the corresponding spatial position relationship between the discharge port and the upper middle section discharge port in the vertical direction, so as to greatly reduce the waste rock filling time and improve the overall filling work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of four feed openings in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of three feeding ports in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of three-dimensional model of three feeding ports in the embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1-transport tunnel, 2-top pillar, 3-feeding port, 4-filling goaf area, 5-full tailings slurry filling area, 6-full particle size waste rock filling area, 7-ore discharge port, 8-bottom pillar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means adopted by the present invention are conventional technical means in the field.
[0017] See also Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a filling technology for interlayer composite cementation of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock. The filling technology is suitable for filling and managing empty areas after mining of steeply inclined thin ore veins, and specifically includes the following steps: S1. In the filling and management of the void area after mining of steeply inclined thin ore veins, through wells are evenly excavated along the top pillars of the void area as filling discharge openings; specifically, the filling discharge openings should be evenly excavated in the top pillars of the void area, and the spacing between adjacent discharge openings in the horizontal direction is equal; and the position of the excavated filling discharge opening corresponds to the position of the adjacent upper middle section ore discharge opening in the vertical direction, ensuring that waste rock can be directly discharged for filling through the upper middle section ore discharge opening when feasible.
[0018] S2. Determine the thickness of each filling layer according to the natural repose angle of full-grade waste rock and the spacing between filling feed ports. The specific method of determining the thickness of each filling layer according to the natural repose angle of full-grade waste rock and the spacing between filling feed ports is as follows: when the natural repose angle of full-grade waste rock is 38° to 40° and the spacing between feed ports is less than 20m, the thickness of the filling layer is 8m; when the spacing between feed ports is greater than 20m, the thickness of the filling layer is 10m. The filling raw materials are full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock.
[0019] S3. When filling the goaf through the filling discharge port, the bottom layer is completely filled with high-strength (lime-sand ratio 1:4) full tailings slurry to enhance the bottom structural strength of the filling body, and the remaining layers are filled with both full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry. In this step, the filling method for the bottom layer of the goaf is to completely fill it with high-strength (lime-sand ratio 1:4) full tailings slurry, which can enhance the bottom structural strength of the filling body and ensure the overall stability of the filling body of the goaf after mining. In the filling methods of the remaining filling layers, full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry are used alternately, and the full-grade waste rock is filled first and then the full tailings slurry is filled. Yes, the bottom of the cone-shaped pile of full-grade waste rock in the filling layer cannot be connected to the pillars along the direction of the ore body, and a safety distance of at least 2m or more is left to ensure the strength of the end of the filling body; the principle of interlayer composite bonding filling of full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry in the filling layer is: only when the bottoms of the cone-shaped piles of full-grade waste rock lowered from adjacent filling discharge ports are in contact with each other or the top of the cone-shaped pile of full-grade waste rock is less than 0.5m away from the defined layer height, it is immediately replaced with full tailings slurry filling and continued until the specified filling layer thickness is met. Only one of the two principles will be met. When one layer is filled, the next layer can be filled immediately, and the goaf can be filled in this reciprocating cycle.
[0020] S4. Strictly control the thickness of each filling layer and the alternating use of filling materials until the filling is completed; in this way, by strictly controlling the thickness of each filling layer and the alternating use of filling materials, the interlayer composite cementation of full tailings slurry and full-grained waste rock in the goaf can be achieved and then filled.
[0021] The following is a detailed explanation using the filling of a tungsten mine in southern Jiangxi as an example.
[0022] This embodiment includes the aforementioned steps S1 to S4, specifically: when filling and managing the goaf after mining the steeply inclined thin ore vein, according to the goaf size and the planned filling time, a through well is evenly excavated in the goaf top pillar 2 as a filling discharge port 3, Figure 2 and Figure 3The following are schematic diagrams of excavating 4 and 3 material discharge ports. The natural repose angle of the full-grade waste rock shown in the two figures is 38°. The filling layer thickness can be calculated based on the spacing of the discharge ports 3. In specific implementation, when the spacing of the discharge ports 3 is less than 20m, the filling layer thickness is 8m. Figure 2 As shown; when the distance between the lower feed openings 3 is greater than 20m, the filling layer thickness is 10m. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. The full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry are transported to the discharge port 3 through the underground middle section transportation and filling pumping system. The required waste rock can also be transported and stored in the upper middle section goaf, and when full-grade waste rock filling is required, it can be directly lowered to the filling goaf 4 by virtue of the corresponding spatial position relationship between the upper middle section discharge port 7 and the discharge port 3 in the vertical direction, thereby reducing the waste rock filling time and improving the overall filling work efficiency.
[0023] When filling the goaf, the bottom layer is filled with high-strength (ash-sand ratio 1:4) full tailings slurry until it covers the bottom pillar 8 and exceeds 1m in height. The remaining layers are first filled with full-grade waste rock, and then filled with full tailings slurry. In the same layer, the bottom of the full-grade waste rock cone stockpile cannot be connected to the ore pillar along the ore body. A safety distance of at least 2m or more should be left to ensure the strength of the end of the filling body. In addition, only when the bottoms of the full-grade waste rock cone stockpile lowered from adjacent filling discharge ports 3 are in contact with each other or the top of the full-grade waste rock cone stockpile is less than 0.5m away from the defined layer thickness, it is immediately replaced with full tailings slurry filling and continued until the specified filling layer thickness is reached, and then the filling of the next layer is continued. Finally, by strictly controlling the thickness of each filling layer and the alternating use of filling raw materials until the goaf is completely filled, the interlayer composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock in the goaf can be achieved, and then filling can be achieved. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the full tailings slurry filling area 5 and the full-size waste rock filling area 6 after each layer filling are respectively shown.
[0024] This embodiment proposes a technology for subsequent filling by interlayer composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock based on the existing theory of filling and management of goaf. This technology adopts a new mode of alternating and cyclic filling of full tailings slurry (ash-sand ratio 1:4) in the bottom layer during the filling process, and full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry in the remaining layers. This can effectively reduce the amount of waste rock transported out during underground mining, reduce the pressure of mine transportation and lifting, and reduce the filling cost. In addition, in the process of interlayer composite bonding filling of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock, the full tailings slurry automatically flows into the gaps of the waste rock under the action of gravity, indirectly increasing the strength of the full-grade waste rock filling area, so that the overall strength of the filling body is guaranteed, which is conducive to achieving the goal of minimum filling cost and optimal overall economic benefits while achieving safe and stable mining of the mine.
[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions made to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the equalization changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite cementation and subsequent filling technology of interlayer of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. In the case of filling and treatment of the void area after mining of steeply inclined thin ore veins, a through well is evenly excavated along the top pillar of the void area as the filling discharge port; S2. Determine the thickness of each filling layer according to the natural repose angle of full-size waste rock and the spacing between the filling discharge ports. The filling raw materials are full tailings slurry and full-size waste rock; S3. When filling the goaf through the filling discharge port, the bottom layer is filled with high-strength full tailings slurry with a lime-sand ratio of 1:4, and the remaining layers are alternately filled with full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry in a layered cycle; S4. Strictly control the thickness of each filling layer and the alternating use of filling materials until the filling is completed, and finally achieve the interlayer composite cementation of full tailings slurry and full-grained waste rock in the goaf and subsequent filling.
2. The method for composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayers and subsequent filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the filling discharge openings should be evenly excavated in the top pillar of the goaf, the adjacent discharge openings should be equally spaced in the horizontal direction, and the position of the excavated filling discharge opening should correspond to the position of the adjacent upper middle section discharge opening in the vertical direction.
3. The method for composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayers and subsequent filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S2 determines the thickness of each filling layer according to the natural repose angle of the full-grade waste rock and the filling discharge port spacing, and the specific method is: When the natural repose angle of full-grade waste rock is in the range of 38° to 40°, the filling layer thickness is 8m when the distance between the discharge ports is less than 20m, and the filling layer thickness is 10m when the distance between the discharge ports is greater than 20m.
4. The method of composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayers followed by filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the process of alternately using full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry for layered cyclic filling in the remaining layers in step S3, each layer needs to be filled with full-grade waste rock first and then with full tailings slurry.
5. The method of composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayers followed by filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The principle of alternating full-grade waste rock and full tailings slurry for layered cyclic filling of the remaining layers in step S3 is: only when the bottoms of the full-grade waste rock conical piles lowered from adjacent filling discharge ports touch each other or the top of the full-grade waste rock conical pile is less than 0.5m away from the defined layer height, it is immediately replaced with full tailings slurry for filling until the specified filling layer thickness is reached. It is sufficient if either of the two principles is met, and when one layer is filled, the next layer can be filled immediately, and the goaf is filled in a reciprocating cycle.
6. The method of composite bonding of full tailings slurry and full-grade waste rock interlayers followed by filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom of the cone-shaped pile of full-size waste rock in the filling layer cannot be connected to the pillars along the direction of the ore body, and a safety distance of at least 2m is left.