Landslide extensometer, geological disaster monitoring system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a landslide extensometer, a geological disaster monitoring system and a method, which relate to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring. The landslide extensometer includes a landslide extensometer body, in which a movable body is arranged, a main pulling rope is connected to the movable body, and further includes a first connecting seat and a plurality of tension springs. The first connecting seat is fixed on the main pulling rope outside the landslide extensometer body. The tension springs are all: one end is connected to the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body, and the other end is connected to the first connecting seat; the connection position of the first connecting seat on the main pulling rope satisfies that when the main pulling rope pulls the movable body to move, the tension springs undergo tensile elastic deformation; the tension springs are detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body or detachable relative to the first connecting seat. The geological disaster monitoring system includes the landslide extensometer, and the geological disaster monitoring method is realized based on the geological disaster monitoring system. This solution can effectively improve the convenience of realizing multi-point monitoring in the landslide geological disaster monitoring based on the landslide extensometer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and particularly to a landslide extensometer, a geological disaster monitoring system and a method. Background Art

[0002] A landslide extensometer (also known as a landslide displacement monitor) is an instrument used to monitor the displacement changes of the ground surface or slopes, and is widely used in the monitoring and early warning of geological disasters (such as landslides, collapses, ground settlements, etc.). The landslide extensometer provides data support for disaster risk assessment and prevention by accurately measuring the telescopic deformation of the ground surface or structures.

[0003] In specific applications, the method and principle of using a landslide extensometer are as follows: A fixed pile and a movable pile are set. The fixed pile is installed on a stable stratum, and the movable pile is installed on a potential sliding mass. The landslide extensometer is connected between the fixed pile and the movable pile by a tensioned rope (or telescopic rod). The rope spans both sides of the crack. When the movable pile moves relative to the fixed pile along with the sliding mass, by real-time monitoring of the relative displacement change between the fixed pile and the movable pile, the movement trend of the sliding mass is judged. When the movement data of the sliding mass within a set time (measured in days or hours) is greater than the set threshold, a landslide early warning is issued through a local or remote monitoring platform, so as to gain time for personnel evacuation and property disposal.

[0004] In the prior art, to improve the sensitivity of landslide monitoring, the layout characteristics of landslide extensometers include: 1. It is advisable to fix the movable pile at the key deformation part of the sliding mass; 2. For areas with multiple ground cracks (such as cross cracks, radial cracks, etc.) and local terrain mutations, a better application is to set multiple measuring points in the main sliding direction of the landslide to form a networked monitoring system (horizontal monitoring lines cooperate with vertical monitoring lines, and are further assisted by other landslide inducing parameters, such as rainfall, groundwater level, etc.) to achieve multi-parameter integrated monitoring.

[0005] Regarding the specific implementation means, in the prior art, the patent document with the patent application number CN201520981109.8 provides a device for monitoring landslide deformation parameters based on multiple wire-pulling displacement sensors. In this solution, by setting multiple wires and displacement sensors, sliding, sliding direction monitoring, sliding angle monitoring, etc. can be achieved.

[0006] In the prior art, when using landslide extensometers to monitor landslide geological disasters in the same area, for multiple monitored sliding masses or multiple slip monitoring positions, usually one landslide extensometer needs to be configured for each sliding mass or slip monitoring position, which has the characteristics of a large number of landslide extensometers used, troublesome site selection and setting of fixed piles, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned usage characteristics of the landslide extensometer in the scenario where there are multiple monitored sliding bodies or multiple slip monitoring positions in the same area, the present invention provides a landslide extensometer, a geological disaster monitoring system and a method. This solution can effectively improve the convenience of multi-point monitoring in the landslide geological disaster monitoring based on the landslide extensometer.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the landslide extensometer, geological disaster monitoring system and method provided by the present invention solve the problems through the following technical key points: The landslide extensometer includes a landslide extensometer body. A movable body for sensing landslide displacement is arranged in the landslide extensometer body. A main pulling rope for pulling the movable body to move is connected to the movable body. The main pulling rope extends to the outside of the landslide extensometer body. It also includes a first connecting seat and several tension springs. The first connecting seat is fixed on the main pulling rope outside the landslide extensometer body. One end of each tension spring is connected to the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body, and the other end is connected to the first connecting seat.

[0009] The connection position of the first connecting seat on the main pulling rope satisfies that when the main pulling rope pulls the movable body to move, the tension springs undergo tensile elastic deformation.

[0010] The tension springs are detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body or detachable relative to the first connecting seat.

[0011] In the prior art, the movable body is the part in the landslide extensometer that moves with the landslide sliding body under the pull of the landslide sliding body. It is usually a movable mechanical structure. The methods for the landslide extensometer to obtain landslide signals include: The landslide extensometer is installed between a fixed pile and a movable pile. A pulling rope such as a steel wire is arranged between the fixed pile and the movable pile. The pulling rope is pulled on the movable body. When a landslide occurs, the movable pile installed on the landslide sliding body slides with the landslide sliding body, and the position of the movable pile changes relative to the fixed pile fixed on the stable stratum. At this time, the pulling rope pulls the movable body, and the movement amount and state of the movable body are monitored by sensors to judge the landslide displacement, speed, acceleration, etc. of the landslide sliding body. In the prior art, the accuracy of monitoring the movement amount of the movable body by sensors can reach the millimeter level, and at the same time, automatic data collection and transmission can be realized. When the displacement amount or displacement rate exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically triggers an alarm. Therefore, the use of the landslide extensometer can effectively gain time for personnel evacuation, etc.

[0012] To ensure that the above-mentioned pull rope can maintain a tensioned state during landslide monitoring, for the application of using a pull rope to span a ground crack, a specific implementation of the movable body is as follows: The movable body includes a drum, and the drum is installed in the housing of the landslide extensometer through an elastic energy storage element such as a scroll spring. One end of the pull rope is wound around the drum. The tensioned movable body provides tension for the pull rope under the restoring force of the elastic energy storage element. The scroll spring maintains the tension force on the pull rope through the elastic restoring force generated by its deformation. Or an elastic tape measure (steel tape) is installed on the drum. The elastic tape measure serves as the pull rope or a part of the pull rope. After the movable body is tensioned, a part of the elastic tape measure is pulled out. By storing energy in the elastic tape measure, the elastic restoring force of the elastic tape measure is used to maintain the tension force on the pull rope.

[0013] In specific applications, when there are multiple ground cracks in a certain area, such as when a landslide extensometer is needed to monitor the landslide of the landslide sliding body at multiple landslide monitoring points in this area, multiple sets of landslide extensometers are required in the prior art, that is: at least one set of geological disaster monitoring systems including landslide extensometers, fixed piles, movable piles, and pull ropes are configured for each landslide monitoring point (for remote signal transmission, an edge physical agent device can be used to collect, calculate, and remotely transmit multiple signals from each landslide extensometer). However, such a setting method not only increases the system cost and complexity, but also has the problem of inconvenience in setting multiple fixed piles under certain geological conditions.

[0014] Based on the usage characteristics of the landslide extensometer in applying to multiple landslide monitoring points in the above-mentioned prior art, the above-mentioned landslide extensometer technical solution is provided. The design background and core concept of this solution are as follows: Whether using an elastic energy storage element such as a scroll spring to restrain the movable body of the reel, or using an elastic tape measure to pull the movable body of the reel to rotate, the scroll spring / elastic tape measure is internally installed in the landslide extensometer. For an individual landslide extensometer that is not custom-made, the elastic performance of the scroll spring / elastic tape measure is certain. If the landslide extensometer is fixed on a fixed pile, when, according to the monitoring needs, multiple movable piles are connected to the pull rope or the elastic tape measure, since the number of movable piles used needs to be confirmed according to the current monitoring requirements, and it is necessary to maintain a set tension force on the pull rope connected to each movable pile, the resultant force of these tension forces may cause the scroll spring / elastic tape measure to deform beyond the elastic limit. For example, when the system pull rope is tensioned, if the reel reaches the limit of rotation (the scroll spring reaches the limit of elastic deformation, the elastic tape measure is fully pulled out), then when the landslide sliding mass landslides, the movable pile cannot further pull the reel to move. Therefore, the sensor that monitors the rotation of the reel, or the sensor that monitors the pulling movement of the pull rope or the elastic tape measure, cannot detect the landslide signal, resulting in system failure; similarly, when the system pull rope is tensioned, under the above resultant force, when the deformation of the scroll spring / elastic tape measure causes the current state of the reel to be close to the limit of movement, when a landslide occurs, such as under the pull of the sliding mass, when the motion monitoring result of the sensor on the movable body / pull rope / elastic tape measure, etc. has not reached the set threshold for triggering a landslide warning, the reel reaches the limit of rotation and cannot further rotate under the pull of the sliding mass to obtain an effective monitoring signal. There will also be problems such as the landslide signal not being accurately obtained and the system failing. In the structural design of this solution, the differences from the prior art include setting a first connection seat on the main pull rope, tensioning a tension spring between the first connection seat and the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body, and setting it so that when the main pull rope pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring undergoes tensile elastic deformation. When using this landslide extensometer to achieve landslide monitoring at multiple landslide monitoring points, the landslide extensometer is fixed on a fixed pile, and the movable piles used for installation at each landslide monitoring point are connected to the main pull rope through auxiliary pull ropes, a part of the tension of the auxiliary pull ropes on the main pull rope from multiple movable piles at the front end of the main pull rope is borne by the tension spring, thereby reducing the pulling force of the main pull rope on the movable body. Under the condition that the scroll spring and the elastic tape measure are subjected to a smaller force to balance this pulling force, the movable body has sufficient movement margin to adapt to the pull of the sliding mass, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding mass can be effectively monitored and used for landslide disaster warning.For the tension spring to be detachable from the landslide extensometer body or the first connecting seat, it is designed to enable the user to configure an appropriate number of tension springs or tension springs with appropriate elastic coefficients according to the tension requirements of the auxiliary pulling ropes on each movable pile when using this landslide extensometer, so as to avoid the situation that when the resistance formed by the elastic force component formed by the tension spring to the further pulling out of the main pulling rope is too large, it is necessary to further increase the anchoring strength of the movable pile at the landslide monitoring point, increasing the difficulty and cost of setting the movable pile.

[0015] In summary, when this solution is applied to multi-point landslide monitoring of multiple landslide monitoring points, by configuring a tension spring between the landslide extensometer body and the main pulling rope, it can not only ensure the tension degree of the auxiliary pulling ropes connected to each movable pile in the geological disaster monitoring system, so that the sliding of the sliding body at each landslide monitoring point can be effectively monitored. At the same time, after the tension spring shares the tension on the main pulling rope and reduces the tension of the main pulling rope on the movable body, even if more movable piles are connected to the main pulling rope to achieve multi-point landslide monitoring, it can also ensure that the movable body has sufficient movement margin to adapt to the pulling of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and applied to landslide geological disaster warning. The structural characteristics of this solution can realize that a single landslide extensometer covers multiple landslide monitoring points, improving the convenience of the landslide extensometer in multi-point landslide monitoring. At the same time, the above-mentioned connection method of the end of the tension spring is convenient for flexibly configuring the anchoring strength of the movable pile and the landslide monitoring point, which is beneficial to controlling the setting difficulty of the movable pile and cost control.

[0016] The main pulling rope can be the elastic measuring tape as described above. The usage method provided by this solution is only used to explain the principle of this solution. As a person skilled in the art, it can also be used to realize landslide monitoring through the movement of the movable body when the main pulling rope retracts.

[0017] In a specific application embodiment, the housing of the landslide extensometer body is fixed on the top surface of the installation platform of the fixed pile top, and along the direction of the main pulling rope from back to front, a elastic force component and a reversing wheel component are arranged in sequence. The elastic force component includes a first connecting seat and several tension springs, which are used to distribute part of the tension on the main pulling rope to the housing of the landslide extensometer body. The reversing wheel component (including several second limiting wheel groups provided below) is used to restrict the extension direction of each auxiliary pulling rope, so as to avoid the situation that the auxiliary pulling ropes pull each other, resulting in the relevant tension being offset by other auxiliary pulling ropes when the auxiliary pulling ropes are pulled by the movable pile and cannot pull the main pulling rope. At the same time, the reversing wheel component is used to control the direction of the tension of the auxiliary pulling rope on the main pulling rope, so that when any auxiliary pulling rope pulls the main pulling rope, the main pulling rope is pulled out of the landslide extensometer body in a as straight as possible posture to pull the movable body, avoiding the situation that the auxiliary pulling rope pulls the main pulling rope laterally, resulting in a decrease in the movement sensitivity and movement amplitude of the movable body.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, a plurality of card slots are provided on the end face of the outer shell and the first connecting seat. The end face of the outer shell is the end face of the landslide extensometer body from which the main pulling rope end is led out. The end of the tension spring is clamped to the end face of the outer shell and the first connecting seat through the card slots.

[0019] The above provides a connection structure for connecting the tension spring on the end face of the outer shell and the first connecting seat, aiming to provide a technical solution for convenient installation and disassembly of the tension spring on the end face of the outer shell and the first connecting seat. Specifically, the tension spring can adopt a helical spring. When the tension spring is a conventional helical spring structure, a relief hole is provided on the wall of the card slot. The end of the helical spring is embedded and clamped in the card slot, and the helical spring extends to the outside of the card slot through the relief hole; alternatively, the tension spring can be set to have hook structures at both ends of the helical structure relative to the conventional helical spring, and the hook structures are embedded and clamped in the card slot. In specific use, according to the number of tension springs to be used, an appropriate number of card slots are selected from these card slots for installing the tension springs. The card slots on both the end face of the outer shell and the first connecting seat should be set such that for the main pulling rope extending straight outside the landslide extensometer body, the card slots on each are set symmetrically with respect to the main pulling rope, and when installing the tension springs, they are also installed symmetrically with respect to the main pulling rope. In this way, when a landslide occurs at the landslide monitoring point and the auxiliary pulling rope further tensions the main pulling rope, not only can the forces on each tension spring be balanced, but also the lateral deformation of the main pulling rope can be reduced, achieving the goal of ensuring the sensitivity of the main pulling rope to pull the movable body and the movement amplitude of the movable body during a landslide.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, it further includes an installation platform and a baffle. The landslide extensometer body and the baffle are both fixed on the installation platform, and the baffle is located on the extension path of the main pulling rope;

[0021] A through hole or a groove is provided on the baffle, and the main pulling rope passes through the baffle through the through hole or the groove;

[0022] The relative position of the landslide extensometer body and the baffle satisfies that the first connecting seat is located in the space between the landslide extensometer body and the baffle. During the process of the main pulling rope being pulled out relative to the landslide extensometer body, the baffle restricts the maximum displacement amount of the main pulling rope being pulled out relative to the landslide extensometer body by blocking the first connecting seat.

[0023] The above provides a technical solution for using a baffle to restrict the maximum elongation length of a tension spring. After the first connecting seat contacts the baffle, the main pulling rope reaches the maximum pulling-out length relative to the landslide extensometer body. At this time, when the movable pile further pulls the main pulling rope through the secondary pulling rope, the tension on the main pulling rope is transmitted to the installation platform through the baffle, that is, the movable body no longer moves further, achieving the purpose of protecting the landslide extensometer. At the same time, the fixed pile and the movable pile directly transmit the tension through the main pulling rope and the secondary pulling rope. If the fixed pile in the monitoring system is anchored to have a stronger anchoring strength relative to the movable pile, during the further landslide of the sliding body, the movable pile is pulled by the fixed pile to separate the movable pile from the sliding body. At this time, the scroll spring can be used to drive the reel to rotate, the elastic tape measure can be used to drive the reel to rotate, and the tension spring can pull back the main pulling rope, so that the movable body of the landslide extensometer returns to a state where it can further monitor the landslide. In summary, when this solution is used to achieve multi-point landslide monitoring, before the local monitoring point landslides and the movable pile separates from the sliding body, the baffle can prevent the movable body on the landslide extensometer from losing the landslide monitoring ability or being damaged due to excessive pulling. When the movable pile separates from the sliding body, depending on the tension of the movable pile separated from the sliding body on the main pulling rope at this time, under non-artificial interference, the monitoring system has the opportunity to recover to still be able to continue monitoring the landslides of other landslide monitoring points.

[0024] As a person skilled in the art, when using the movement amount of the movable body within a set time to monitor the landslide, the relative position between the first connecting seat and the baffle needs to be configured such that before the first connecting seat contacts the baffle, the pulling-out amount of the main pulling rope needs to meet the requirement of being able to pull the movable body to move to the movement amount that triggers the landslide warning.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the first connecting seat includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate overlap to form a clamping space for clamping the main pulling rope. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked to each other through a connecting bolt and clamped on the main pulling rope.

[0026] The above solution provides a technical solution for conveniently selecting the connection position of the first connection seat on the main pulling rope. Specifically, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate form a clamping structure. When the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked by the connecting bolt, the first connection seat is fixed on the main pulling rope through the clamping space. Therefore, after the user loosens the connecting bolt, the first connection seat can be fixed at any position on the main pulling rope. In this way, when fixing the tension spring on the main pulling rope, the main pulling rope can be pulled to make the movable body have an elastic binding force, and then the state of the main pulling rope is maintained. The tension spring is pulled along the extension direction of the main pulling rope through the first connection seat, and the tension spring is caused to undergo or be about to undergo elastic deformation, and then the fixing of the first connection seat and the main pulling rope is completed. In this way, the first connection seat can be conveniently and effectively arranged on the main pulling rope. On the other hand, under different monitoring applications, for different movable body movements that may trigger landslide warnings, the position of the baffle on the installation platform can be configured to be adjustable. For example, a strip-shaped groove is arranged on the installation platform along the pulling-out direction of the main pulling rope, and the baffle is fixed on the installation platform by using the strip-shaped groove, and the position of the baffle in the strip-shaped groove is adjustable. In specific implementation, it is set that both the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate include a clamping plate, an ear plate and an end plate. The clamping plate is an arc-shaped plate for enclosing the clamping space. The ear plate is fixed on the side surface of the clamping plate for bearing the connecting bolt and serving as a contact member for the first connection seat to contact the baffle. The end plate is fixed on the rear end surface of the clamping plate or the ear plate for bearing the clamping groove.

[0027] This solution also relates to a geological disaster monitoring system, including a fixed pile, a landslide extensometer and a movable pile. The landslide extensometer is the landslide extensometer described in any one of the above.

[0028] The number of the movable piles is multiple, and each movable pile is equipped with a secondary pulling rope. The secondary pulling rope is used for: one end is connected to the movable pile, and the other end is connected to the main pulling rope through a second connection seat.

[0029] It also includes at least one second limiting wheel set. The second limiting wheel set serves as a reversing wheel for the secondary pulling rope to provide restraint for the side surface of the secondary pulling rope to realize the reversing of the extension direction of the secondary pulling rope.

[0030] The above solution is the specific application of the landslide extensometer, which is used to form a geological disaster monitoring system with multi-point monitoring capabilities. When in use, the fixed pile is fixed on the stable ground, and the movable pile is fixed on the landslide monitoring point of the sliding body. The landslide extensometer is pulled between the fixed pile and the movable pile through the main pulling rope and the auxiliary pulling ropes. For the application of having multiple movable piles to achieve multi-point landslide monitoring, it is set to further include at least one second limiting wheel set, and the second limiting wheel set is used to form a reversing wheel assembly. The above second limiting wheel set is used to restrain all or part of the auxiliary pulling ropes, so as to restrain the rope segments of these auxiliary pulling ropes used to connect one end of the main pulling rope into a bundle structure. In this way, not only can the direction of the pulling force provided by each auxiliary pulling rope on the main pulling rope be controlled to be as along the extension direction of the end of the main pulling rope as possible, but also the situation where the auxiliary pulling ropes cannot effectively act on the main pulling rope due to mutual pulling between the auxiliary pulling ropes can be avoided.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, it further includes at least one support assembly. The support assembly includes a support wheel and a turntable. The support wheel is installed on the turntable. The support wheel includes a wheel frame and a wheel body rotatably installed on the wheel frame through a first rotating shaft. The wheel frame is rotatably installed on the turntable through a second rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are perpendicular to each other, and the second rotating shaft is located directly below the wheel body.

[0032] The wheel body serves as a jacking wheel on the bottom side of the auxiliary pulling rope, and is used to provide support for the bottom side of the auxiliary pulling rope to achieve jacking of the auxiliary pulling rope.

[0033] In the above solution, the support assembly is applied as follows: installed on an installation platform such as, so that the wheel body can not only rotate around its own wheel axis (the first rotating shaft), but also, the wheel body synchronously with the wheel frame can rotate around the second wheel axis. In this way, for example, when the landslide extensometer is fixed on the installation platform of the fixed pile, and the installation height of the landslide extensometer is higher than the connection point of the auxiliary pulling rope and the movable pile, in the application of the support assembly installed on the installation platform, by using the high-position support provided by the wheel body for the auxiliary pulling rope, while avoiding the rubbing of the auxiliary pulling rope against the installation platform during movement, the force of the auxiliary pulling rope acting on the wheel body is used to force the wheel frame to rotate around the second wheel axis, so as to realize the automatic adjustment of the orientation of the wheel body, so that the auxiliary pulling rope at the position of the wheel body has an arched structure with upper and lower bends and no lateral deformation, to ensure the reliability of the wheel body supporting the auxiliary pulling rope. In specific applications, the wheel body, the wheel structures on the following first limiting wheel set and second limiting wheel set are all set to have a wheel structure with a linearly changing diameter from one end to the other end and the smallest diameter position at the center. In this way, the grooves on the wheel structure are used to restrain the positions of the main pulling rope and the auxiliary pulling ropes in the length direction of the wheel structure, to ensure the reliability of the cooperation between the main pulling rope, the auxiliary pulling ropes and the wheel structure.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, it further includes an installation platform and a first limiting wheel set. The landslide extensometer body, the first limiting wheel set, the second limiting wheel set, and the turntable are all installed on the installation platform;

[0035] The relative position of the first limiting wheel set and the landslide extensometer body is configured as follows: The first limiting wheel set is located on the side where the main pulling rope of the landslide extensometer body is led out. The first limiting wheel set has two rollers both arranged vertically, and the main pulling rope passes through the gap between the two rollers. The first limiting wheel set is located at one end of the main pulling rope close to the second connecting seat. The tension spring and the first connecting seat are both located in the space between the first limiting wheel set and the landslide extensometer body;

[0036] When there are two or more auxiliary pulling ropes connected to the main pulling rope, the position of the second limiting wheel set on the installation platform is configured as follows: By the second limiting wheel set, the extending direction of the end rope segment of the auxiliary pulling rope is restricted. The end rope segment is restricted to be in a bundle shape. The end rope segment is the rope segment of the auxiliary pulling rope at the end for connecting to the main pulling rope;

[0037] The position of the turntable on the installation platform is configured to support the auxiliary pulling rope between the movable pile and the second limiting wheel set.

[0038] The above solution provides an integral technical solution, that is, using the installation platform to integrate multiple parts of the system into an integral structure to facilitate the installation of the system in the monitoring area. In this solution, the setting position of the first limiting wheel set is designed to achieve: By restricting the end position of the main pulling rope, reducing the yaw occurring on the main pulling rope when the auxiliary pulling rope further pulls the main pulling rope, so as to ensure the sensitivity and movement amount of the movable body. The second limiting wheel set is used to restrict the extending direction of the rope segment of the auxiliary pulling rope at the end for connecting to the main pulling rope, so as to control the pulling force direction of the auxiliary pulling rope on the main pulling rope, avoid side pulling, or the situation where the auxiliary pulling ropes cannot effectively pull the main pulling rope due to mutual influence. The bundle shape means that these rope segments are on the same side of the second connecting seat, which can be that these rope segments are all parallel to each other, or the included angle between these rope segments is less than a set angle, such as 10°; The setting position of the turntable is to support the auxiliary pulling rope of the front section of the rope segment, so that when the auxiliary pulling rope is led out to the outer edge of the installation platform, it does not contact the installation platform.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, a tensioning device for realizing the tensioning of the auxiliary pulling rope is provided on each movable pile;

[0040] The tensioning device includes a seat body, a first pressing component arranged at one end of the seat body, and a second pressing component arranged at the other end of the seat body;

[0041] A rope hole extending from one end to the other end is provided on the seat body, and the auxiliary pulling rope passes through the rope hole;

[0042] An extraction groove is further included and is arranged between the two ends of the seat body. The extraction groove intersects with the rope hole, and the auxiliary pulling rope can be led out of the seat body through the extraction groove;

[0043] Both the first pressing component and the second pressing component include a pressing plate and a pressing bolt. The pressing plate is disposed in the rope hole, and the pressing bolt is threadedly connected to the seat body. The pressing bolt and the pressing plate are configured such that after the pressing plate is stacked on the auxiliary pulling rope, the auxiliary pulling rope is locked in the rope hole by the pressure provided by the pressing bolt for the pressing plate.

[0044] In the above solution, a simple-structured implementation form of the tensioning device is provided. The tensioning device is used to adjust the tension force on the auxiliary pulling rope. When the tensioning device is in use, the auxiliary pulling rope passes through the rope hole, the pressing plate is in contact with the side surface of the auxiliary pulling rope, and a rope segment of the auxiliary pulling rope is led out from the lead-out groove. For example, the second pressing component is closer to the end of the auxiliary pulling rope. When it is necessary to tension the auxiliary pulling rope, the second pressing component is used to lock the end of the auxiliary pulling rope, and the first pressing component is kept in a state of releasing the auxiliary pulling rope. Then, with the seat body as a support platform, tools such as a crowbar are used to lift the rope segment led out from the lead-out groove. If the auxiliary pulling rope can be pre-tensioned with one lift, after pre-tensioning, the first pressing component is used to lock the auxiliary pulling rope. If the auxiliary pulling rope cannot be pre-tensioned to the required tension force with one lift, after locking the auxiliary pulling rope with the first pressing component, the constraint of the second pressing component on the auxiliary pulling rope is released. After shortening the length of the rope segment led out from the lead-out groove by pulling the end of the auxiliary pulling rope, the second pressing component is used to lock the auxiliary pulling rope. Then, the locking of the first pressing component on the auxiliary pulling rope is released, and tools such as a crowbar are used to lift the rope segment at the lead-out groove position to tension the auxiliary pulling rope. After performing the above actions several times, the required tension state of the auxiliary pulling rope is obtained. Preferably, a groove intersecting with the lead-out groove is provided on the seat body to facilitate the insertion of tools such as a crowbar between the seat body and the rope segment through the groove.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, both the fixed pile and the movable pile include a rod body, a pressing cap, and an expansion tube.

[0046] A boss is provided on the rod body. The expansion tube is a tubular structure with a plurality of vertically extending strip-shaped holes provided on the side wall. The expansion tube is sleeved on the rod body and its lower end is supported on the boss.

[0047] A connecting thread is further provided on the side wall of the rod body. The pressing cap is connected to the rod body through the connecting thread. The position and length of the connecting thread on the rod body satisfy that by adjusting the meshing position of the pressing cap on the connecting thread, the lower end of the pressing cap can provide pressure for the upper end of the expansion tube, and under this pressure, the expansion tube is forced to shorten and undergo expansion deformation.

[0048] The above solution provides a specific implementation form of the fixed pile and the movable pile. Specifically, the lower end of the rod body is set as a tip, and the convex platform is set as a frustum structure with a smaller lower part and a larger upper part to facilitate embedding the rod body into a prefabricated hole in the ground (usually a grouting hole as required). After the rod body is embedded in place in the prefabricated hole, by rotating the compression cap to squeeze the upper end of the expansion tube, since the lower end of the expansion tube is supported by the convex platform, during this squeezing process, the expansion tube shortens axially and expands radially. When the expansion causes sufficient squeezing force between the side surface and the prefabricated hole, the rod body is reliably fixed in the prefabricated hole. The implementation solution of the fixed pile and the movable pile provided above has a simple structure. At the same time, for stable fixation on the ground, it has simple operation, and compared with grouting fixation, it also has the characteristic of high fixation efficiency. Preferably, the expansion tube is made of an elastic material, such as spring steel, to achieve: after expanding and deforming under the action of the compression cap and the convex platform, maintaining the state of the rod body being stably fixed on the ground through the elastic restoring force. After removing the constraint of the compression cap on the upper end of the expansion tube, through the elastic rebound of the expansion tube, the constraint of the prefabricated hole on the expansion tube disappears, so that the fixed pile and the movable pile can be conveniently withdrawn from the prefabricated hole.

[0049] This solution also relates to a geological disaster monitoring method, which uses the geological disaster monitoring system described in any one of the above to monitor landslides at multiple landslide monitoring points;

[0050] The geological disaster monitoring system is configured to: configure a movable pile for each landslide monitoring point, each landslide monitoring point is equipped with a movable pile, each movable pile is connected to the main pull rope through a secondary pull rope, and the landslide extensometer is configured on the fixed pile;

[0051] Each secondary pull rope has a set tension force, and under this tension force, the tension spring undergoes tensile elastic deformation, and the deformation amount of the tensile elastic deformation is greater than the set amount;

[0052] Monitor the motion parameters of the movable body. When the motion parameters are greater than the set threshold parameters, it is determined that a landslide has occurred at the landslide monitoring point.

[0053] The above monitoring method is a landslide monitoring method for multi-point monitoring based on the geological disaster monitoring system. It should be noted that after the system is installed, the deformation amount of the tension spring undergoing tensile elastic deformation is greater than the set amount, aiming to achieve: this deformation amount determines the pulling-out distance of the main pull rope on the landslide extensometer, and the pulling-out distance of the main pull rope determines the current pulling state of the movable body. Therefore, the set amount is used to ensure that the movable body is pulled by the main pull rope and is elastically constrained by the elastic tape measure or the spiral spring, preparing for sensitive and high-precision monitoring of landslide geological disasters. The motion parameters can be the speed, acceleration of the movable body, and the amount of motion within a set time range. This technology is prior art, and the applicant will not describe it here.

[0054] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] When this solution is applied to multi-point landslide monitoring of multiple landslide monitoring points, by configuring a tension spring between the landslide extensometer body and the main pulling rope, it can not only ensure the tension degree of the auxiliary pulling ropes connected to each movable pile in the geological disaster monitoring system, so that the sliding of the sliding body at each landslide monitoring point can be effectively monitored. At the same time, after the tension spring shares the tension on the main pulling rope and reduces the tension of the main pulling rope on the movable body, even if more movable piles are connected to the main pulling rope to achieve multi-point landslide monitoring, it can also ensure that the movable body has sufficient movement margin to adapt to the pulling of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide geological disaster warning. The structural characteristics of this solution can enable a single landslide extensometer to cover multiple landslide monitoring points, improving the convenience of the landslide extensometer in multi-point landslide monitoring. At the same time, the above-mentioned connection method of the end of the tension spring facilitates the flexible configuration of the anchoring strength between the movable pile and the landslide monitoring point, which is beneficial to controlling the setting difficulty and cost of the movable pile. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the geological disaster monitoring system described in this solution;

[0057] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a top view of the fixed pile part in;

[0058] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a front view of the movable pile part in;

[0059] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a cross-sectional view of the tensioning device in.

[0060] The reference numerals in the drawings are respectively: 1, fixed pile; 2, landslide extensometer body; 3, elastic component; 31, tension spring; 32, first connection seat; 33, baffle; 4, main pulling rope; 41, first limiting wheel set; 42, second connection seat; 5, reversing wheel component; 6, auxiliary pulling rope; 61, second limiting wheel set; 62, turntable; 63, support wheel; 7, movable pile; 71, rod body; 72, compression cap; 73, expansion tube; 74, convex platform; 75, tip; 8, tensioning device; 81, first pressing component; 82, seat body; 83, second pressing component; 84, rope hole; 85, lead-out groove; 9, installation platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0061] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments:

[0062] Embodiment 1:

[0063] As shown Figures 1 to 4 in the figure, the landslide extensometer includes a landslide extensometer body 2. A movable body for sensing landslide displacement is arranged in the landslide extensometer body 2. A main pulling rope 4 for pulling the movable body to move is connected to the movable body. The main pulling rope 4 extends to the outside of the landslide extensometer body 2. It also includes a first connecting seat 32 and a plurality of tension springs 31. The first connecting seat 32 is fixed on the main pulling rope 4 outside the landslide extensometer body 2. One end of each of the tension springs 31 is connected to the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body 2, and the other end is connected to the first connecting seat 32;

[0064] The connection position of the first connecting seat 32 on the main pulling rope 4 satisfies that when the main pulling rope 4 pulls the movable body to move, the tension springs 31 undergo tensile elastic deformation;

[0065] The tension springs 31 are detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body 2 or detachable relative to the first connecting seat 32.

[0066] In the prior art, the movable body is the part in the landslide extensometer that moves along with the landslide sliding body under the traction of the landslide sliding body. It is usually a movable mechanical structure. The method for the landslide extensometer to obtain landslide signals includes: The landslide extensometer is installed between a fixed pile 1 and a movable pile 7. A pulling rope such as a steel wire is arranged between the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7. The pulling rope is pulled on the movable body. When a landslide occurs, the movable pile 7 installed on the landslide sliding body slides along with the landslide sliding body. The position of the movable pile 7 changes relative to the fixed pile 1 fixed on the stable stratum. At this time, the pulling rope pulls the movable body. By monitoring the movement amount and state of the movable body through a sensor, the landslide displacement, speed, acceleration, etc. of the landslide sliding body are judged. In the prior art, the accuracy of monitoring the movement amount of the movable body by using a sensor can reach the millimeter level. At the same time, automatic data collection and transmission can be realized. When the displacement amount or displacement rate exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically triggers an early warning. Therefore, the use of the landslide extensometer can effectively gain time for personnel evacuation, etc.

[0067] To ensure that the above-mentioned pulling rope can maintain a taut state during landslide monitoring, for the application of using a pulling rope to span a ground crack, a specific implementation manner of the movable body is: The movable body includes a reel. The reel is installed in the shell of the landslide extensometer through an elastic energy storage element such as a volute spring, and one end of the pulling rope is wound around the reel. The completed-tensioned movable body provides a pulling force for the pulling rope under the restoring force of the elastic energy storage element. The volute spring maintains the tension force on the pulling rope through the elastic restoring force generated by its deformation. Or an elastic measuring tape (steel tape) is installed on the reel. The elastic measuring tape serves as the pulling rope or a part of the pulling rope. After the movable body completes the tensioning, a part of the elastic measuring tape is pulled out. By storing energy in the elastic measuring tape, the elastic restoring force of the elastic measuring tape is used to maintain the tension force on the pulling rope.

[0068] In specific applications, when there are multiple ground cracks in a certain area, such as when it is necessary to use a landslide extensometer to monitor the landslide sliding body at multiple landslide monitoring points in this area, multiple sets of landslide extensometers are required in the prior art, that is: at least one set of geological disaster monitoring systems including a landslide extensometer, a fixed pile 1, a movable pile 7, and a pulling rope are configured for each landslide monitoring point (for the remote transmission of signals, an edge physical agent device can be used to collect, calculate, and remotely transmit multiple signals from each landslide extensometer), but such a setting method not only increases the system cost and complexity, but also has the problem that it is inconvenient to set multiple fixed piles 1 under certain geological conditions.

[0069] Based on the usage characteristics of the landslide extensometer in multiple landslide monitoring points in the above-mentioned prior art, the above-mentioned landslide extensometer technical solution is provided. The design background and core concept of this solution are as follows: Whether using an elastic energy storage element such as a spiral spring to restrain the movable body of the reel, or using an elastic tape measure to pull the movable body of the reel to rotate, the spiral spring / elastic tape measure is internally installed in the landslide extensometer. For non-customized landslide extensometer individuals, the elastic properties of the spiral spring / elastic tape measure are certain. If the landslide extensometer is fixed on the fixed pile 1, when, according to the monitoring needs, multiple movable piles 7 are connected to the pull rope or the elastic tape measure, since the number of movable piles 7 used needs to be confirmed according to the current monitoring requirements, and it is necessary to maintain a set tension force on the pull rope connected to each movable pile 7, the resultant force of these tension forces may cause the spiral spring / elastic tape measure to deform beyond the elastic limit. For example, when the system pull rope is tensioned, if the reel reaches the rotational limit (the spiral spring reaches the elastic deformation limit, the elastic tape measure is completely pulled out), then when the landslide sliding body landslides, the movable pile 7 cannot further pull the reel to move, so the sensor monitoring the rotation of the reel, or the sensor monitoring the pulling movement of the pull rope or the elastic tape measure, cannot detect the landslide signal, resulting in system failure; similarly, when the system pull rope is tensioned, under the above resultant force, when the deformation of the spiral spring / elastic tape measure causes the current state of the reel to be close to the movable limit, when a landslide occurs, such as under the pull of the sliding body, when the motion monitoring result of the sensor for the movable body / pull rope / elastic tape measure, etc. has not reached the set threshold for triggering a landslide warning, the reel reaches the rotational limit and cannot further rotate under the pull of the sliding body to obtain an effective monitoring signal, and there will also be a problem that the landslide signal cannot be accurately obtained, resulting in system failure. In the structural design of this solution, the differences from the prior art include setting a first connection seat 32 on the main pull rope 4, tensioning a tension spring 31 between the first connection seat 32 and the outer shell of the landslide extensometer body 2, and setting it so that when the main pull rope 4 pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring 31 undergoes tensile elastic deformation. When using this landslide extensometer to implement landslide monitoring at multiple landslide monitoring points, the landslide extensometer is fixed on the fixed pile 1, and the movable piles 7 used for installation at each landslide monitoring point are connected to the main pull rope 4 through the secondary pull ropes 6, a part of the tension force of the secondary pull ropes 6 on the main pull rope 4 from the multiple movable piles 7 at the front end of the main pull rope 4 is borne by the tension spring 31, thereby reducing the pulling force of the main pull rope 4 on the movable body. Under the condition that the spiral spring and the elastic tape measure are subjected to a smaller force to balance this pulling force, the movable body has sufficient movable margin to adapt to the pull of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide disaster warning.For the tension spring 31 to be detachable from the landslide extensometer body 2 or the first connecting seat 32, it is designed to enable the user to configure an appropriate number of tension springs 31 or tension springs 31 with a suitable elastic coefficient according to the tension requirements of the secondary pull ropes 6 on each movable pile 7 when using this landslide extensometer, so as to avoid the need to further increase the anchoring strength of the movable pile 7 at the landslide monitoring point, and increase the difficulty and cost of setting the movable pile 7 when the resistance formed by the elastic force component 3 formed by the tension spring 31 against the further pulling out of the main pull rope 4 is too large.

[0070] In summary, when this solution is applied to multi-point landslide monitoring of multiple landslide monitoring points, by configuring a tension spring 31 between the landslide extensometer body 2 and the main pull rope 4, it can not only ensure the tension degree of the secondary pull ropes 6 connected to each movable pile 7 in the geological disaster monitoring system, so that the sliding of the sliding body at each landslide monitoring point can be effectively monitored. At the same time, after the tension spring 31 shares the tension on the main pull rope 4 and reduces the tension of the main pull rope 4 on the movable body, even if more movable piles 7 are connected to the main pull rope 4 to achieve multi-point landslide monitoring, it can also ensure that the movable body has sufficient movement margin to adapt to the pulling of the sliding body, so that the sliding characteristics of the sliding body can be effectively monitored and used for landslide geological disaster warning. The structural characteristics of this solution can achieve a single landslide extensometer covering multiple landslide monitoring points, improving the convenience of the landslide extensometer in multi-point landslide monitoring. At the same time, the above-mentioned connection method of the end of the tension spring 31 facilitates the flexible configuration of the anchoring strength of the movable pile 7 and the landslide monitoring point, which is beneficial to controlling the setting difficulty of the movable pile 7 and cost control.

[0071] The main pull rope 4 can be an elastic tape measure as described above. The usage method provided by this solution is only used to explain the principle of this solution. As a person skilled in the art, it is also possible to use the movement of the movable body when the main pull rope 4 retracts to achieve landslide monitoring.

[0072] In a specific application embodiment, the housing of the landslide extensometer body 2 is fixed to the top surface of the installation platform 9 at the top of the fixed pile 1, and the elastic component 3 and the reversing wheel component 5 are arranged in sequence from the back to the front along the direction in which the main pulling rope 4 is led out. The elastic component 3 includes a first connecting seat 32 and a plurality of tension springs 31, which are used to distribute part of the tension on the main pulling rope 4 to the housing of the landslide extensometer body 2. The reversing wheel component 5 (including a plurality of second limiting wheel groups 61 provided as follows) is used to constrain the extending directions of the auxiliary pulling ropes 6 to avoid mutual pulling between the auxiliary pulling ropes 6, resulting in the situation that when the auxiliary pulling ropes 6 are pulled by the movable pile 7, the relevant tension is offset by other auxiliary pulling ropes 6 and the main pulling rope 4 cannot be pulled. At the same time, the reversing wheel component 5 is used to control the direction of the tension of the auxiliary pulling ropes 6 on the main pulling rope 4, so that when any auxiliary pulling rope 6 pulls the main pulling rope 4, the main pulling rope 4 is pulled out of the landslide extensometer body 2 in a as straight as possible posture to pull the movable body, avoiding the situation that the auxiliary pulling rope 6 pulls the main pulling rope 4 laterally, resulting in a decrease in the movement sensitivity and movement amplitude of the movable body.

[0073] Embodiment 2:

[0074] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 1:

[0075] A plurality of card slots are provided on both the end face of the housing and the first connecting seat 32. The end face of the housing is the end face of the landslide extensometer body 2 where the main pulling rope 4 is led out. The end of the tension spring 31 is clamped to the end face of the housing and the first connecting seat 32 through the card slots.

[0076] The connection structures for connecting the tension spring 31 on the outer shell end face and the first connection seat 32 are provided above, aiming to provide a technical solution for the convenient installation and disassembly of the tension spring 31 on the outer shell end face and the first connection seat 32. Specifically, the tension spring 31 can adopt a helical spring. When the tension spring 31 is a conventional helical spring structure, a relief hole is provided on the groove wall of the card slot, and the end of the helical spring is embedded and engaged in the card slot, and the helical spring extends to the outside of the card slot through the relief hole; alternatively, the tension spring 31 can be set to have hook structures at both ends of the helical structure relative to the conventional helical spring, and the hook structures are embedded and engaged in the card slot. In specific use, according to the number of tension springs 31 to be used, an appropriate number of card slots are selected from these card slots for installing the tension spring 31. The card slots on both the outer shell end face and the first connection seat 32 should be set as follows: for the main pulling rope 4 that extends straight outside the landslide extensometer body 2, the card slots on each of them are set to be symmetric with respect to the main pulling rope 4, and when installing the tension spring 31, the tension spring 31 is also installed symmetrically with respect to the main pulling rope 4. In this way, when a landslide occurs at the landslide monitoring point and the auxiliary pulling rope 6 further tensions the main pulling rope 4, not only can the forces on each tension spring 31 be balanced, but also the lateral deformation of the main pulling rope 4 can be reduced, so as to ensure the sensitivity of the main pulling rope 4 to pull the movable body and the movement amplitude of the movable body during a landslide.

[0077] Embodiment 3:

[0078] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 1:

[0079] It further includes an installation platform 9 and a baffle 33. The landslide extensometer body 2 and the baffle 33 are both fixed on the installation platform 9, and the baffle 33 is located on the extension path of the main pulling rope 4;

[0080] The baffle 33 is provided with a through hole or a groove, and the main pulling rope 4 passes through the baffle 33 through the through hole or the groove;

[0081] The relative positions of the landslide extensometer body 2 and the baffle 33 satisfy that the first connection seat 32 is located in the space between the landslide extensometer body 2 and the baffle 33. During the process of the main pulling rope 4 being pulled out relative to the landslide extensometer body 2, the baffle 33 restricts the maximum displacement amount of the main pulling rope 4 being pulled out relative to the landslide extensometer body 2 by blocking the first connection seat 32.

[0082] The above provides a technical solution for using the baffle 33 to restrict the maximum elongation length of the tension spring 31. After the first connecting seat 32 contacts the baffle 33, the main pulling rope 4 reaches the maximum pulling-out length relative to the landslide extensometer body 2. At this time, when the movable pile 7 further pulls the main pulling rope 4 through the auxiliary pulling rope 6, the tension on the main pulling rope 4 is transmitted to the installation platform 9 through the baffle 33, that is, the movable body no longer moves further at this time, achieving the purpose of protecting the landslide extensometer. At the same time, the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 directly transmit the tension through the main pulling rope 4 and the auxiliary pulling rope 6. If the fixed pile 1 in the monitoring system is anchored to have a stronger anchoring strength relative to the movable pile 7, during the further landslide of the sliding body, the movable pile 7 is pulled by the fixed pile 1, so that the movable pile 7 is separated from the sliding body. At this time, the scroll spring can be used to drive the reel to rotate, the elastic tape measure can be used to drive the reel to rotate, and the tension spring 31 can pull back the main pulling rope 4, so that the movable body of the landslide extensometer returns to a state where it can further monitor the landslide. In summary, when this solution is used to achieve multi-point landslide monitoring, before the local monitoring point landslides and the movable pile 7 is separated from the sliding body, the baffle 33 can prevent the movable body on the landslide extensometer from losing the landslide monitoring ability or being damaged due to excessive pulling. After the movable pile 7 is separated from the sliding body, depending on the tension of the movable pile 7 separated from the sliding body on the main pulling rope 4 at this time, without human interference, the monitoring system has the opportunity to return to a state where it can still continue to monitor the landslides of other landslide monitoring points.

[0083] As a person skilled in the art, when using the movement amount of the movable body within a set time to monitor the landslide, the relative positions of the first connecting seat 32 and the baffle 33 need to be configured such that before the first connecting seat 32 contacts the baffle 33, the pulling-out amount of the main pulling rope 4 needs to satisfy that it can pull the movable body to move to the movement amount that triggers the landslide warning.

[0084] Example 4:

[0085] This example further illustrates on the basis of Example 1:

[0086] The first connecting seat 32 includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate overlap to form a clamping space for clamping the main pulling rope 4. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked to each other through connecting bolts and clamped on the main pulling rope 4.

[0087] The above solution provides a technical solution for conveniently selecting the connection position of the first connecting seat 32 on the main pull rope 4. Specifically, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate form a clamping structure. When the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked by the connecting bolt, the first connecting seat 32 is fixed on the main pull rope 4 through the clamping space. Therefore, after the user loosens the connecting bolt, the first connecting seat 32 can be fixed at any position on the main pull rope 4. In this way, when fixing the tension spring 31 on the main pull rope 4, the main pull rope 4 can be pulled to make the movable body have an elastic binding force, and then the state of the main pull rope 4 is maintained. The tension spring 31 is pulled along the extending direction of the main pull rope 4 through the first connecting seat 32, and the tension spring 31 is caused to undergo or be about to undergo elastic deformation, and then the fixing of the first connecting seat 32 and the main pull rope 4 is completed. In this way, the first connecting seat 32 can be conveniently and effectively arranged on the main pull rope 4. On the other hand, under different monitoring applications, for different movable body movement amounts that may trigger landslide warnings, the position of the baffle 33 on the installation platform 9 can be configured to be adjustable. For example, a strip-shaped groove is arranged on the installation platform 9 along the pulling-out direction of the main pull rope 4, and the baffle 33 is fixed on the installation platform 9 by using the strip-shaped groove, and the position of the baffle 33 in the strip-shaped groove is adjustable. In specific implementation, it is set that both the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate include a clamping plate, an ear plate and an end plate. The clamping plate is an arc-shaped plate for enclosing the clamping space. The ear plate is fixed on the side surface of the clamping plate for bearing the connecting bolt and serving as a contact member for the first connecting seat 32 to contact the baffle 33. The end plate is fixed on the rear end surface of the clamping plate or the ear plate for bearing the clamping groove.

[0088] Embodiment 5:

[0089] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a geological disaster monitoring system, including a fixed pile 1, a landslide extensometer and a movable pile 7. The landslide extensometer is the landslide extensometer in Embodiment 1;

[0090] The number of the movable piles 7 is multiple, and each movable pile 7 is configured with a secondary pull rope 6. The secondary pull rope 6 is used for: one end is connected to the movable pile 7, and the other end is connected to the main pull rope 4 through a second connecting seat 42;

[0091] It further includes at least one second limiting wheel set 61. The second limiting wheel set 61 serves as a reversing wheel for the secondary pull rope 6 to provide restraint for the side surface of the secondary pull rope 6 to realize the reversing of the extending direction of the secondary pull rope 6.

[0092] The above solution is the specific application of the landslide extensometer, which is used to form a geological disaster monitoring system with multi-point monitoring capabilities. When in use, the fixed pile 1 is fixed on stable ground, and the movable pile 7 is fixed on the landslide monitoring point of the sliding body. The landslide extensometer is pulled between the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 through the main pulling rope 4 and the auxiliary pulling ropes 6. For the application of having multiple movable piles 7 to achieve multi-point landslide monitoring, it is set to further include at least one second limiting wheel set 61, and the second limiting wheel set 61 is used to form a reversing wheel assembly 5. The above second limiting wheel set 61 is used to restrain all or part of the auxiliary pulling ropes 6, so as to restrain the rope segments of these auxiliary pulling ropes 6 used to connect one end of the main pulling rope 4 to form a bundle structure. In this way, not only can the direction of the pulling force provided by each auxiliary pulling rope 6 on the main pulling rope 4 be controlled to be as close as possible to the extension direction of the end of the main pulling rope 4, but also the situation where the auxiliary pulling ropes 6 cannot effectively act on the main pulling rope 4 due to mutual pulling between the auxiliary pulling ropes 6 can be avoided.

[0093] Embodiment 6:

[0094] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 5:

[0095] It further includes at least one support component, and the support component includes a support wheel 63 and a turntable 62. The support wheel 63 is installed on the turntable 62. The support wheel 63 includes a wheel frame and a wheel body rotatably installed on the wheel frame through a first rotating shaft. The wheel frame is rotatably installed on the turntable 62 through a second rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are perpendicular to each other, and the second rotating shaft is located directly below the wheel body;

[0096] The wheel body serves as a jacking wheel on the bottom side of the auxiliary pulling rope 6, and is used to provide support for the bottom side of the auxiliary pulling rope 6 to achieve the jacking of the auxiliary pulling rope 6.

[0097] In the above solution, the support assembly is used as follows: It is installed on an installation platform 9 such that the wheel body can not only rotate around its own wheel axis (the first rotating shaft), but also, the wheel body can rotate around the second rotating shaft synchronously with the wheel frame. In this way, for example, when a landslide extensometer is fixed on the installation platform 9 of the fixed pile 1, the installation height of the landslide extensometer is higher than the connection point of the auxiliary pull rope 6 and the movable pile 7. By using the high-position support provided by the wheel body for the auxiliary pull rope 6, while avoiding the rubbing of the auxiliary pull rope 6 against the installation platform 9 during movement, the force exerted by the auxiliary pull rope 6 on the wheel body forces the wheel frame to rotate around the second rotating shaft, so as to realize the automatic adjustment of the orientation of the wheel body, making the auxiliary pull rope 6 at the position of the wheel body have an arched structure with upper and lower bends and no lateral deformation, so as to ensure the reliability of the wheel body supporting the auxiliary pull rope 6. In specific applications, the wheel bodies, as well as the wheel structures on the following first limit wheel group 41 and second limit wheel group 61, are all set to have a wheel structure with a linearly varying diameter from one end to the other end and the smallest diameter position at the center. In this way, the grooves on the wheel structure are used to restrict the positions of the main pull rope 4 and the auxiliary pull rope 6 in the length direction of the wheel structure, so as to ensure the reliability of the cooperation between the main pull rope 4, the auxiliary pull rope 6 and the wheel structure.

[0098] Embodiment 7:

[0099] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 6:

[0100] It further includes an installation platform 9 and a first limit wheel group 41, and the landslide extensometer body 2, the first limit wheel group 41, the second limit wheel group 61, and the turntable 62 are all installed on the installation platform 9;

[0101] The relative position of the first limit wheel group 41 and the landslide extensometer body 2 is configured as follows: The first limit wheel group 41 is located on the side where the main pull rope 4 of the landslide extensometer body 2 is led out. The first limit wheel group 41 has two rollers both arranged vertically, and the main pull rope 4 passes through the gap between the two rollers. The first limit wheel group 41 is located at one end of the main pull rope 4 close to the second connecting seat 42, and the tension spring 31 and the first connecting seat 32 are both located in the space between the first limit wheel group 41 and the landslide extensometer body 2;

[0102] When there are two or more auxiliary pull ropes 6 connected to the main pull rope 4, the position of the second limit wheel group 61 on the installation platform 9 is configured as follows: The extension direction of the end rope segment of the auxiliary pull rope 6 is restricted by the second limit wheel group 61, and the end rope segment is restricted to be in a bundle shape. The end rope segment is the rope segment at one end of the auxiliary pull rope 6 used to connect to the main pull rope 4;

[0103] The position of the turntable 62 on the installation platform 9 is configured as follows: It is used to support the auxiliary pull rope 6 between the movable pile 7 and the second limit wheel group 61.

[0104] The above solution provides an integrated technical solution, that is, the installation platform 9 is used to integrate multiple parts of the system into an integrated structure to facilitate the installation of the system in the monitoring area. In this solution, the setting position of the first limiting wheel set 41 is designed to: by restricting the end position of the main pulling rope 4, reduce the yaw occurring on the main pulling rope 4 when the auxiliary pulling rope 6 further pulls the main pulling rope 4, so as to ensure the sensitivity and movement amount of the movable body. The second limiting wheel set 61 is used to restrict the extension direction of the rope segment of the end of the auxiliary pulling rope 6 connected to the main pulling rope 4, so as to control the pulling force direction of the auxiliary pulling rope 6 on the main pulling rope 4 and avoid side pulling, or the situation that the auxiliary pulling rope 6 cannot effectively pull the main pulling rope 4 due to mutual influence. The "bundle shape" means that these rope segments are on the same side of the second connecting seat 42, which can be that these rope segments are all parallel to each other, or the included angle between these rope segments is less than a set angle, such as 10°. The setting position of the turntable 62 is used to support the front section of the auxiliary pulling rope 6 of the rope segment, so that when the auxiliary pulling rope 6 is led out to the outer edge of the installation platform 9, it does not contact the installation platform 9.

[0105] Embodiment 8:

[0106] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 5:

[0107] A tensioning device 8 for tensioning the auxiliary pulling rope 6 is provided on each movable pile 7;

[0108] The tensioning device 8 includes a seat body 82, a first pressing component 81 provided at one end of the seat body 82, and a second pressing component 83 provided at the other end of the seat body 82;

[0109] A rope hole 84 extending from one end to the other end is provided on the seat body 82, and the auxiliary pulling rope 6 passes through the rope hole 84;

[0110] An extraction groove 85 is further provided between the two ends of the seat body 82, and the extraction groove 85 intersects with the rope hole 84, and the auxiliary pulling rope 6 can be extracted from the extraction groove 85 to the outside of the seat body 82;

[0111] Both the first pressing component 81 and the second pressing component 83 include a pressing plate and a pressing bolt. The pressing plate is arranged in the rope hole 84, and the pressing bolt is threadedly connected to the seat body 82. The pressing bolt and the pressing plate are configured to: after the pressing plate is stacked on the auxiliary pulling rope 6, lock the auxiliary pulling rope 6 in the rope hole 84 by the pressure provided by the pressing bolt for the pressing plate.

[0112] In the above solution, a simple-structured implementation form of the tensioning device 8 is provided. The tensioning device 8 is used to adjust the tension force on the secondary pulling rope 6. When in use, the tensioning device 8 is applied as follows: the secondary pulling rope 6 passes through the rope hole 84, the pressing plate is in contact with the side surface of the secondary pulling rope 6, and a rope segment of the secondary pulling rope 6 is led out from the lead-out groove 85. For example, the second pressing assembly 83 is closer to the end of the secondary pulling rope 6. When it is necessary to tension the secondary pulling rope 6, the end of the secondary pulling rope 6 is locked by the second pressing assembly 83, and the first pressing assembly 81 is kept in a state of releasing the secondary pulling rope 6. Then, with the seat body 82 as a support platform, a tool such as a crowbar is used to lift the rope segment led out from the lead-out groove 85. If the secondary pulling rope 6 can be pre-tightened by lifting once, after pre-tightening, the secondary pulling rope 6 is locked by the first pressing assembly 81. If the secondary pulling rope 6 cannot be pre-tightened to the required tension force by lifting once, after locking the secondary pulling rope 6 by the first pressing assembly 81, the constraint of the second pressing assembly 83 on the secondary pulling rope 6 is released. After shortening the length of the rope segment led out from the lead-out groove 85 by pulling the end of the secondary pulling rope 6, the secondary pulling rope 6 is locked by the second pressing assembly 83. Then, the locking of the secondary pulling rope 6 by the first pressing assembly 81 is released, and a tool such as a crowbar is used to lift the rope segment at the position of the lead-out groove 85 to tension the secondary pulling rope 6. After performing the above actions several times, the required tension state of the secondary pulling rope 6 is obtained. Preferably, a groove intersecting with the lead-out groove 85 is provided on the seat body 82, so as to introduce through the groove and conveniently embed a tool such as a crowbar between the seat body 82 and the rope segment.

[0113] Embodiment 9:

[0114] This embodiment is further described on the basis of Embodiment 5:

[0115] The fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 both include a rod body 71, a pressing cap 72, and an expansion tube 73;

[0116] A boss 74 is provided on the rod body 71. The expansion tube 73 is a tubular structure with a plurality of vertically extending strip-shaped holes provided on its side wall. The expansion tube 73 is sleeved on the rod body 71 and its lower end is supported on the boss 74;

[0117] A connecting thread is further provided on the side wall of the rod body 71. The pressing cap 72 is connected to the rod body 71 through the connecting thread. The position and length of the connecting thread on the rod body 71 satisfy that by adjusting the meshing position of the pressing cap 72 on the connecting thread, the lower end of the pressing cap 72 can provide pressure for the upper end of the expansion tube 73, and under this pressure, the expansion tube 73 is forced to shorten and undergo expansion deformation.

[0118] The above solution provides a specific implementation form of the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7. Specifically, the lower end of the rod body 71 is set as a tip 75, and the boss 74 is set as a frustum structure with a smaller lower part and a larger upper part, so as to facilitate the embedding of the rod body 71 into the ground prefabricated hole (usually set as a grouting hole according to needs). After the rod body 71 is embedded in place in the prefabricated hole, the upper end of the expansion tube 73 is squeezed by rotating the compression cap 72. Since the lower end of the expansion tube 73 is supported by the boss 74, during this squeezing process, the expansion tube 73 shortens axially and expands radially. When the expansion generates sufficient squeezing force between the side surface and the prefabricated hole, the rod body 71 is reliably fixed in the prefabricated hole. The implementation solutions of the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 provided above have a simple structure. At the same time, for stable fixation on the ground, it has simple operation and, compared with grouting fixation, also has the characteristics of high fixation efficiency. Preferably, the expansion tube 73 is made of an elastic material, such as spring steel, to achieve: after undergoing expansion deformation under the action of the compression cap 72 and the boss 74, the rod body 71 is maintained in a stable fixed state on the ground through the elastic restoring force. After removing the constraint of the compression cap 72 on the upper end of the expansion tube 73, through the elastic rebound of the expansion tube 73, the constraint of the prefabricated hole on the expansion tube 73 disappears, so that the fixed pile 1 and the movable pile 7 can be conveniently withdrawn from the prefabricated hole.

[0119] Embodiment 10:

[0120] Based on Embodiment 5, this embodiment provides a geological disaster monitoring method, which uses the geological disaster monitoring system in Embodiment 5 to monitor multiple landslide monitoring points for landslides;

[0121] The geological disaster monitoring system is configured to: configure a movable pile 7 for each landslide monitoring point. Each landslide monitoring point is equipped with a movable pile 7. Each movable pile 7 is connected to the main pull rope 4 through a secondary pull rope 6. The landslide extensometer is configured on the fixed pile 1;

[0122] Each secondary pull rope 6 has a set tension force, and under this tension force, the tension spring 31 undergoes tensile elastic deformation, and the deformation amount of the tensile elastic deformation is greater than the set amount;

[0123] Monitor the motion parameters of the movable body. When the motion parameters are greater than the set threshold parameters, it is determined that a landslide has occurred at the landslide monitoring point.

[0124] The above monitoring method is a landslide monitoring method for multi-point monitoring based on the geological disaster monitoring system. It should be noted that after the installation of the system is completed, the deformation amount of the tensile spring 31 generated by tensile elastic deformation is greater than the set amount, aiming to achieve: this deformation amount determines the pulling-out distance of the main pulling rope 4 on the landslide extensometer, and the pulling-out distance of the main pulling rope 4 determines the current pulling state of the movable body. Therefore, the set amount is used to ensure that the movable body is pulled by the main pulling rope 4 and is elastically constrained by the elastic tape measure or the volute spring, preparing for sensitive and high-precision monitoring of landslide geological disasters. The motion parameters may be the speed, acceleration of the movable body, and the amount of motion within a set time range. This technology is prior art, and the applicant will not describe it in detail here.

[0125] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, other embodiments obtained without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring system, comprising a fixed pile (1), a landslide expansion meter and a movable pile (7), characterized in that: The landslide telescope comprises a landslide telescope body (2), wherein a movable body for sensing landslide displacement is arranged in the landslide telescope body (2), wherein a main pull rope (4) for pulling the movable body to move is connected to the movable body, wherein the main pull rope (4) extends to the outside of the landslide telescope body (2), and further comprises a first connecting seat (32) and a plurality of tension springs (31), wherein the first connecting seat (32) is fixed to the main pull rope (4) outside the landslide telescope body (2), and wherein the tension springs (31) have one end connected to the outer shell of the landslide telescope body (2), and the other end connected to the first connecting seat (32); The connection position of the first connection seat (32) on the main pull rope (4) satisfies the following conditions: when the main pull rope (4) pulls the movable body to move, the tension spring (31) undergoes tension elastic deformation; The tension spring (31) is detachable relative to the landslide extensometer body (2) or detachable relative to the first connecting seat (32); There are a plurality of movable piles (7), each movable pile (7) is provided with an auxiliary pull rope (6), and the auxiliary pull rope (6) is used to: connect one end to the movable pile (7) and connect the other end to the main pull rope (4) via a second connecting seat (42); It also comprises at least one second limiting wheel set (61), the second limiting wheel set (61) serving as a reversing wheel for the auxiliary pull rope (6) and being used to provide constraints on the side of the auxiliary pull rope (6) so as to achieve reversal of the extension direction of the auxiliary pull rope (6); The invention also comprises at least one supporting assembly, wherein the supporting assembly comprises a supporting wheel (63) and a turntable (62), wherein the supporting wheel (63) is mounted on the turntable (62), wherein the supporting wheel (63) comprises a wheel frame and a wheel body rotatably mounted on the wheel frame via a first rotating shaft, wherein the wheel frame is rotatably mounted on the turntable (62) via a second rotating shaft, wherein the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are perpendicular to each other, and the second rotating shaft is located directly below the wheel body; The wheel body serves as a lifting wheel on the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope (6), and is used to provide support for the bottom side of the auxiliary pull rope (6) to achieve lifting of the auxiliary pull rope (6).

2. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of slots are provided on the end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat (32); the end surface of the shell is the end surface of the landslide extensometer body (2) from which the end of the main pull rope (4) is led out; and the end of the tension spring (31) is connected to the end surface of the shell and the first connecting seat (32) via the slots.

3. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting platform (9) and a baffle (33), wherein the landslide extensometer body (2) and the baffle (33) are both fixed on the mounting platform (9), and the baffle (33) is located on the extension path of the main pull rope (4); The baffle plate (33) is provided with a through hole or a groove, and the main pull rope (4) passes through the baffle plate (33) through the through hole or the groove; The relative positions of the landslide telescope body (2) and the baffle (33) satisfy the following conditions: the first connection seat (32) is located in the space between the landslide telescope body (2) and the baffle (33); when the main pull rope (4) is pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body (2), the baffle (33) blocks the first connection seat (32) to limit the maximum displacement of the main pull rope (4) being pulled out relative to the landslide telescope body (2).

4. The geological disaster monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first connecting seat (32) comprises a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate overlap to form a clamping space for clamping the main pull rope (4), and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are locked to each other and clamped on the main pull rope (4) via connecting bolts.

5. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting platform (9) and a first limiting wheel set (41), wherein the landslide extensometer body (2), the first limiting wheel set (41), the second limiting wheel set (61), and the turntable (62) are all mounted on the mounting platform (9); The relative positions of the first limiting wheel group (41) and the landslide telescopic instrument body (2) are configured as follows: the first limiting wheel group (41) is located at the main pull rope (4) lead-out side of the landslide telescopic instrument body (2), the first limiting wheel group (41) has two rollers that are both vertically arranged, the main pull rope (4) passes through the gap between the two rollers, the first limiting wheel group (41) is located at one end of the main pull rope (4) close to the second connecting seat (42), and the tension spring (31) and the first connecting seat (32) are both located in the space between the first limiting wheel group (41) and the landslide telescopic instrument body (2); When two or more auxiliary pull ropes (6) are connected to the main pull rope (4), the position of the second limiting wheel group (61) on the mounting platform (9) is configured such that the extension direction of the end rope segment of the auxiliary pull rope (6) is constrained by the second limiting wheel group (61), the end rope segment is constrained to be in a bundle shape, and the end rope segment is the rope segment at one end of the auxiliary pull rope (6) used for connecting to the main pull rope (4); The position of the turntable (62) on the installation platform (9) is configured to support the auxiliary pull rope (6) between the movable pile (7) and the second limiting wheel set (61).

6. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each movable pile (7) is provided with a tensioning device (8) for achieving tensioning of the auxiliary pull rope (6); The tensioning device (8) comprises a seat body (82), a first pressing assembly (81) arranged at one end of the seat body (82), and a second pressing assembly (83) arranged at the other end of the seat body (82); The seat body (82) is provided with a rope hole (84) extending from one end thereof to the other end, and the auxiliary pull rope (6) passes through the rope hole (84); It also includes a lead-out groove (85) disposed between two ends of the seat body (82), wherein the lead-out groove (85) intersects with the rope hole (84), and the auxiliary pull rope (6) can be pulled out to the outside of the seat body (82) through the lead-out groove (85); The first clamping assembly (81) and the second clamping assembly (83) both include a clamping plate and a clamping bolt, wherein the clamping plate is disposed in the rope hole (84), and the clamping bolt is threadedly connected to the seat body (82), and the clamping bolt and the clamping plate are configured such that when the clamping plate is stacked on the auxiliary pull rope (6), the auxiliary pull rope (6) is locked in the rope hole (84) by the pressure provided by the clamping bolt to the clamping plate.

7. The geological disaster monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed pile (1) and the movable pile (7) both comprise a rod body (71), a pressure cap (72), and an expansion tube (73); The rod body (71) is provided with a boss (74); the expansion tube (73) is a tubular structure with a side wall provided with a plurality of vertically extending strip holes; the expansion tube (73) is sleeved on the rod body (71) and the lower end is supported on the boss (74); It also includes a connecting thread arranged on the side wall of the rod body (71), and the pressure cap (72) is connected to the rod body (71) via the connecting thread. The position and length of the connecting thread on the rod body (71) satisfy that: by adjusting the meshing position of the pressure cap (72) on the connecting thread, the lower end of the pressure cap (72) provides pressure to the upper end of the expansion tube (73), and under this pressure, the expansion tube (73) is forced to shorten and expand and deform.

8. A method for monitoring geological disasters, characterized in that: The method uses the geological disaster monitoring system described in any one of claims 1 to 7 to perform landslide monitoring on multiple landslide monitoring points; The geological disaster monitoring system is configured as follows: a movable pile (7) is configured for each landslide monitoring point, each movable pile (7) is connected to a main pull rope (4) via an auxiliary pull rope (6), and a landslide extensometer is configured on a fixed pile (1); Each auxiliary pull rope (6) has a set tensioning force, and under the tensioning force, the tension spring (31) undergoes elastic deformation, and the deformation amount of the elastic deformation is greater than the set amount; The motion parameter of the movable body is monitored, and when the motion parameter is greater than a set threshold parameter, it is determined that a landslide occurs at a landslide monitoring point.

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