Karst groundwater system characteristic analysis method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogeology, in particular to a karst underground water system characteristic analysis method and system. The method comprises the following steps: identifying an X-shaped joint controlled by a structural composite part through hydrogeological survey and geophysical exploration; plane distribution of underground water is determined, the position of an underground water main runoff zone on the plane is determined through drilling verification, and vertical feature extraction analysis is conducted on the underground water main runoff zone; analyzing the concentration and distribution characteristics of pollutants in the underground water, and identifying a pollutant transport channel; according to the vertical characteristics, multiple layers of water outlet sections in the vertical direction of the aquifer and relative water separation sections between the water outlet sections are determined; constructing a three-dimensional model of the hydrogeological structure, simulating underground water flow and pollutant migration, and predicting dynamic change characteristics of a future underground water system according to a simulation result; an on-site monitoring network is constructed, long-term monitoring is carried out, and the risk of the underground water system is identified. According to the technical scheme, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of karst underground water system analysis can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogeology, and in particular to a method and system for analyzing characteristics of a karst groundwater system. Background Art

[0002] The karst groundwater system is an important storage, transportation and discharge system of groundwater in karst areas. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of karst geological conditions, the characteristic analysis of karst groundwater systems has always been a difficult and hot topic in the field of hydrogeology. The complex and changeable karst geological conditions make the characteristic analysis of karst groundwater systems extremely challenging. Traditional analysis methods, such as single hydrogeological surveys or drilling methods, are generally difficult to fully and accurately reveal the true face of karst groundwater systems.

[0003] In terms of hydrogeological surveys and drilling technology, although these methods can provide basic data for the characteristic analysis of karst groundwater systems to a certain extent, their limitations are also obvious. Hydrogeological surveys mainly rely on surface observations and geological structure analysis, and it is difficult to obtain detailed karst development information deep underground. Although drilling technology can directly obtain underground geological information, it is costly and limited by the location and number of boreholes, making it difficult to fully cover the entire karst groundwater system. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for analyzing the characteristics of a karst groundwater system. The technical solution can improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the karst groundwater system analysis and provide support for groundwater resource management and environmental protection.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for analyzing characteristics of a karst groundwater system, comprising:

[0006] Plane feature extraction and analysis: by analyzing hydrogeological surveys and geophysical explorations, the X-shaped joints controlled by the structural complex are identified, and the main direction of regional karst development is determined; the plane distribution of groundwater sources and runoff migration channels is determined, and the plane position of the main groundwater runoff zone is confirmed through drilling verification, and the vertical feature extraction and analysis of the main groundwater runoff zone is performed;

[0007] Groundwater characteristic analysis: analyze the concentration and distribution characteristics of pollutants in groundwater and identify pollutant migration channels; confirm the multiple layers of water-bearing sections in the vertical direction of the aquifer and the relative water-blocking sections between each water-bearing section based on vertical characteristics;

[0008] Construct a three-dimensional model of the hydrogeological structure, simulate groundwater flow and pollutant migration, and predict the dynamic characteristics of the future groundwater system based on the simulation results;

[0009] Build a field monitoring network to conduct long-term monitoring and identify risks to groundwater systems.

[0010] Beneficial effects of the basic scheme: The various technical schemes of this technical scheme cooperate with each other, and each link is closely linked. First, through data analysis, the general direction of karst development is grasped, and the location of the groundwater source channel is determined. Then, through drilling verification, the plane position is determined and the vertical features are extracted, which not only verifies the accuracy of the previous data analysis, but also provides key data support for the subsequent three-dimensional model construction. According to the data collected by drilling, the migration channel of groundwater pollutants and the vertical geological conditions are analyzed, which is helpful to evaluate the groundwater pollution status. The three-dimensional model is constructed using the above data to simulate the groundwater system, which intuitively shows the flow path of groundwater, the structure of the aquifer and the migration of pollutants, and predicts the future dynamic change characteristics, including water level changes, water quality changes, etc., to help formulate water resources management strategies. Finally, a monitoring network is constructed based on the prediction results, which is helpful to timely discover and solve the problems existing in the groundwater system, ensure the safe, stable and sustainable use of groundwater resources, and provide strong support for future water resources management and environmental protection work.

[0011] As an implementable optimal solution, through hydrogeological survey and geophysical exploration, the X-type joints controlled by the structural complex position are identified and the main direction of karst development is determined, including the following:

[0012] Use geological compass and rangefinder to conduct hydrogeological survey; use hydrogeological survey maps with scales of 1:10000 and 1:2000 for comprehensive analysis; identify individual karst morphologies through field observation and recording;

[0013] Survey lines are arranged in the karst area, and high-density resistivity meters, audio frequency geoelectric field meters, and transient electromagnetic meters are used to preliminarily identify the geological structure and karst development of the karst area.

[0014] As an implementable preferred solution, the location of the main groundwater runoff zone on the plane is confirmed through drilling verification, including the following:

[0015] Select key locations for drilling verification, and the drilling locations should cover the main groundwater runoff zone; carry out drilling construction, obtain groundwater level and water inflow data through drilling, and analyze the position of the main groundwater runoff zone in the plane.

[0016] The vertical feature extraction analysis of the main groundwater runoff zone includes the following:

[0017] As an implementable preferred solution, hydrological exploration holes are arranged in the main groundwater runoff zone, and the hydrological exploration holes should cover aquifers of different depths; monitoring equipment is installed in the hydrological exploration holes; the water gushing volume is monitored and recorded in real time, and by analyzing the changing characteristics of the water gushing volume, the existence of multiple water-yielding sections in the vertical direction of the aquifer and the relative water-isolating sections between the water-yielding sections are analyzed.

[0018] As an implementable preferred solution, a three-dimensional model of the hydrogeological structure is constructed, including the following contents:

[0019] Digitally process the results of hydrogeological surveys, geophysical exploration and drilling, and construct a three-dimensional model of the groundwater system based on the processed data, including the aquifer structure and groundwater flow path;

[0020] The constructed three-dimensional model is compared and verified with the actual situation, and the model is optimized and improved according to the verification results.

[0021] As a preferred option, simulation of groundwater flow and contaminant migration should include the following:

[0022] The simulation conditions are set according to the groundwater flow velocity and hydraulic gradient parameters, and the types and concentration parameters of pollutants are input for simulation calculation;

[0023] Analyze simulation results to understand patterns and trends in groundwater flow and contaminant migration.

[0024] As a feasible and preferred option, a field monitoring network is established to conduct long-term monitoring and identify risks in groundwater systems, including the following:

[0025] Install monitoring equipment at key locations of main groundwater runoff and pollutant migration pathways to ensure that monitoring equipment can fully cover key areas of the groundwater system;

[0026] Regularly maintain and calibrate monitoring equipment, and perform regular inspections and repairs on monitoring equipment; monitor and record monitoring data in real time;

[0027] Evaluate the identified risks and determine the risk level and potential degree of harm.

[0028] As an implementable optimal solution, a spatial optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal combination of drilling locations, including the following:

[0029] Based on the hydrogeological survey data and geophysical interpretation results, a set of potential drilling locations is preliminarily determined, and a set of drilling locations is randomly selected as an initial solution;

[0030] Define an energy function to evaluate the quality of each solution;

[0031] Set the initial temperature To , cooling rate ΔT and termination temperature T final ;

[0032] Generate a new neighborhood solution by randomly changing one or more drilling positions in the current solution;

[0033] Calculate the energy value of the new neighborhood solution and compare it with the energy value of the current solution. If the energy of the neighborhood solution is lower than the current solution, accept the neighborhood solution; if the energy of the neighborhood solution is higher than the current solution, accept the neighborhood solution with a certain probability. This probability decreases as the temperature decreases. The formula is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] Where ΔE is the energy difference between the new solution and the current solution, and T represents the current temperature;

[0036] The iteration is repeated until the termination temperature is reached, and the drilling location combination with the highest quality is selected as the final solution.

[0037] As an implementable preferred solution, the energy function is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Where E is the total energy, which represents the energy value of the current drilling location combination; n is the number of potential drilling locations; m is the number of groundwater main runoff zones and key areas representing groundwater source channels; w ij is a weight coefficient, which indicates the dependence or importance of the jth key area on the ith drilling location. The weight coefficient is determined based on the hydrogeological survey and geophysical exploration results; d ij is the distance between the ith drilling location and the jth critical area.

[0040] In a second aspect, the disclosed embodiments also provide a karst groundwater system characteristic analysis system, which utilizes the above-mentioned karst groundwater system characteristic analysis method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the logic of the karst groundwater system characteristics analysis method. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only partial embodiments of the present invention, which are only used to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. It should be noted that the technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered isolated, and they can be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. The same reference numerals appearing in the drawings of the following embodiments represent the same features or components, which can be applied to different embodiments.

[0043] In addition, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the description of the present invention should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0044] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Reference numerals: electronic device 500 , processor 501 , communication interface 502 , memory 503 , bus 504 .

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] Reference Figure 1 ,The karst groundwater system characteristics analysis method includes ,the following steps.

[0048] Step S100, karst development characteristics analysis, includes:

[0049] Step S101, plane feature extraction and analysis, through hydrogeological survey and geophysical exploration, identify individual karst forms, such as karst funnels, karst grooves, small karst caves, etc., and analyze the karst development direction controlled by the "X"-shaped joints in the structural complex parts, including:

[0050] Step S101-1, use geological compass, rangefinder and other tools to conduct hydrogeological survey, and use hydrogeological survey maps with two scales of 1:10000 and 1:2000 for comprehensive analysis. Through field observation and recording, identify individual karst forms, such as karst funnels, karst grooves, small karst caves, etc., and record their location, form, size and other information in detail.

[0051] Step S101-2, using geophysical exploration equipment such as high-density resistivity meter, audio frequency geoelectric field meter, transient electromagnetic instrument, etc., combined with geophysical exploration methods such as high-density resistivity, audio frequency, transient electromagnetic, etc., to preliminarily identify the geological structure and karst development of the karst area.

[0052] Survey lines are arranged in karst areas, and the spacing between survey lines is determined according to the complexity of the geology, generally 50-100 meters. Data is collected according to the predetermined measurement parameters, such as resistivity, audio-frequency geoelectric field, transient electromagnetic response, etc. The collected data is preprocessed to remove noise and interference signals to improve data quality. Based on the processed data, geophysical interpretation results are obtained, such as resistivity profiles, audio-frequency geoelectric field distribution maps, etc.

[0053] Geophysical exploration methods can further reveal the deep characteristics of karst development, such as karst fissures and caves.

[0054] Step S101-3, through hydrogeological survey and geophysical interpretation results, identify the "X" type joints controlled by the structural complex parts. Analyze the impact of "X" type joints on karst development and determine the main direction of karst development. Provide guidance for subsequent drilling verification.

[0055] Step S102, using geophysical methods to conduct semi-quantitative verification and trace the source channel of groundwater, including:

[0056] Step S102-1, based on the results of geophysical interpretation, identify the occurrence state and migration direction of groundwater, and determine the approximate location of the groundwater source channel by comparing the geophysical data of different survey lines.

[0057] Step S102-2: Perform more detailed geophysical survey at the identified location of the groundwater source channel, such as increasing the number of survey lines, adding measurement parameters, etc. Based on the measurement results, the groundwater source channel is more accurately located and described.

[0058] Step S103, confirming the plane position of the main runoff zone of groundwater by drilling verification, includes:

[0059] Step S103-1, based on the geophysical exploration results and hydrogeological survey data, select key locations for drilling verification. The drilling locations should cover key areas such as the main groundwater runoff zone and suspected groundwater source channels.

[0060] Step S103-2, drilling construction is performed, using a diamond drill bit to drill to ensure drilling efficiency and hole wall stability. During the drilling process, information such as drilling depth, rock property changes, and water inflow is recorded in real time.

[0061] Step S103-3, obtain data such as groundwater level and water inflow through drilling, analyze the plane position of the main groundwater runoff zone, and analyze the lithology, thickness, fracture development, etc. of the aquifer in combination with the drilling core.

[0062] Step S104, vertical feature extraction and analysis, includes:

[0063] Step S104-1, arrange hydrological exploration holes in the main groundwater runoff zone and the suspected aquifer location. The hydrological exploration holes should cover aquifers of different depths to obtain vertical hydrological information.

[0064] Step S104-2, install monitoring equipment such as water level meter and flow meter in the hydrological exploration hole, calibrate and maintain the monitoring equipment regularly to ensure the accuracy of the data. Monitor and record the water inflow in real time, and analyze the change characteristics of the water inflow to analyze the existence of multiple water-bearing sections in the vertical direction of the aquifer and the relative water-blocking sections between the water-bearing sections.

[0065] Step S200, performing groundwater characteristic analysis, includes:

[0066] Step S201, performing plane partitioning, includes:

[0067] Step S201-1, combining the results of hydrogeological survey, geophysical prospecting and drilling, to identify the location and range of the underground horizontal runoff zone.

[0068] Step S201-2, identifying pollutant migration pathways by analyzing pollutant concentrations and distribution characteristics in groundwater.

[0069] Step S202, vertical stratification is performed, and combined with the water inflow monitoring data of the hydrological exploration hole, it is further confirmed that there are multiple water-producing sections in the vertical direction of the aquifer and the relative water-blocking sections between the water-producing sections. The lithology, thickness, fracture development and other characteristics of each aquifer are analyzed to provide a reliable basis for the subsequent aquifer structure analysis.

[0070] Step S300, data analysis and model building, includes:

[0071] Step S301, performing data analysis, including:

[0072] Step S301-1, using the collected data, calculate and analyze parameters such as groundwater flow rate, hydraulic gradient, and water level depth.

[0073] Step S301-2, sort out and analyze the calculated parameters to understand the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater system and the aquifer structure. Draw charts, such as groundwater velocity distribution charts, hydraulic gradient charts, etc., to intuitively display the characteristics of the groundwater system.

[0074] Step S302, constructing a model, includes:

[0075] Step S302-1, construct a three-dimensional model, using tools such as Geographic Information System (GIS) and three-dimensional modeling software to digitally process the hydrogeological survey, geophysical exploration and drilling results. Based on the processed data, a three-dimensional model of the groundwater system is constructed, including the aquifer structure, groundwater flow path, etc.

[0076] Step S302-2: perform model verification and optimization, compare and verify the constructed three-dimensional model with the actual situation to ensure the accuracy of the model. Optimize and improve the model according to the verification results to improve the accuracy and reliability of the model.

[0077] Step S303, simulating groundwater flow and pollutant migration, includes:

[0078] Step S303-1, setting simulation conditions according to groundwater flow velocity, hydraulic gradient and other parameters, inputting parameters such as pollutant type and concentration for simulation calculation.

[0079] Step S303-2: Analyze the simulation results to understand the laws and trends of groundwater flow and pollutant migration. Based on the simulation results, predict the dynamic characteristics of the future groundwater system to provide a scientific basis for the rational development of groundwater resources and environmental protection.

[0080] Step S400, constructing a monitoring network, setting up long-term, fixed flow monitoring equipment and automatic rainfall monitoring stations at key locations, including:

[0081] Step S401, monitoring equipment is set up at key locations such as the main groundwater runoff zone and pollutant migration channel to ensure that the monitoring equipment can fully cover the key areas of the groundwater system. The monitoring equipment should be suitable for long-term monitoring to ensure that the monitoring equipment has high precision, high stability and reliability.

[0082] Step S402, performing long-term monitoring, includes:

[0083] Step S402-1, regularly maintain and calibrate the monitoring equipment to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. At the same time, regularly inspect and repair the monitoring equipment to prevent data loss due to equipment damage or failure.

[0084] Step S402-2, real-time monitoring and recording of monitoring data, including groundwater flow, water level, rainfall, etc. Organize and analyze the monitoring data to understand the dynamic characteristics and changing trends of the groundwater system, and adjust the monitoring plan and optimize the monitoring network layout in a timely manner based on the monitoring results.

[0085] Step S500, combining the characteristics and structural analysis of the groundwater system, identifying the main risks faced by the groundwater system, such as groundwater pollution risk, groundwater over-exploitation risk, etc.

[0086] Evaluate the identified risks to determine the risk level and the degree of harm that may be caused; use a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation results.

[0087] Embodiment 2

[0088] In the process of characterization of karst groundwater systems, accurate determination of drilling locations is crucial to revealing the complex structure and characteristics of groundwater systems.

[0089] The technical feature of this embodiment that is different from the above embodiments is that the optimal drilling position combination is found by using a spatial optimization algorithm, including the following contents:

[0090] Based on the hydrogeological survey data and geophysical interpretation results, a set of potential drilling locations is preliminarily determined. These locations should cover the main groundwater runoff zone, suspected groundwater source channels, and other key geological feature areas as much as possible. A set of drilling locations is randomly selected as an initial solution.

[0091] The energy function is defined to evaluate the quality of each solution, and the formula is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Where E is the total energy, which represents the energy value of the current drilling location combination; n is the number of potential drilling locations; m is the number of groundwater main runoff zones and key areas representing groundwater source channels; w ij is a weight coefficient, which indicates the dependence or importance of the jth key area on the ith drilling location. The weight coefficient is determined based on the hydrogeological survey and geophysical exploration results; d ij is the distance between the ith drilling location and the jth critical area.

[0094] Set the initial temperature T o , cooling rate ΔT (ΔT∈(0,1)) and termination temperature T fina1 The initial temperature should be high enough to allow the algorithm to search widely in the solution space; the cooling rate should be moderate to ensure that the algorithm gradually converges during the cooling process.

[0095] A new neighborhood solution is generated by randomly changing one or more drilling positions in the current solution. The change can be made by randomly selecting a new position to replace the original position, or by fine-tuning multiple positions.

[0096] Calculate the energy value of the new neighborhood solution and compare it with the energy value of the current solution. If the energy of the neighborhood solution is lower than the current solution, accept the neighborhood solution; if the energy of the neighborhood solution is higher than the current solution, accept the neighborhood solution with a certain probability. This probability decreases as the temperature decreases. The formula is as follows:

[0097]

[0098] Where ΔE is the energy difference between the new solution and the current solution, and T represents the current temperature.

[0099] Repeat the iterations, and in each iteration, reduce the temperature according to the set cooling rate until the termination temperature is reached, and select the drilling position combination with the highest quality as the final solution. Drilling construction is carried out according to the final solution, and the geological and hydrological information during the drilling process is recorded.

[0100] This technical solution can comprehensively consider geological, geophysical and hydrological information, automatically find the optimal combination of drilling locations, thereby improving drilling efficiency and data quality.

[0101] The disclosed embodiment also provides a karst groundwater system characteristic analysis system, which uses the above-mentioned karst groundwater system characteristic analysis method.

[0102] The above contents are only embodiments of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field to which the invention belongs before the application date or the priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for the ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for the technicians in this field, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the characteristics of a karst groundwater system, characterized in that: include: Plane feature extraction and analysis: by analyzing hydrogeological surveys and geophysical explorations, the X-shaped joints controlled by the structural complex are identified, and the main direction of regional karst development is determined; the plane distribution of groundwater sources and runoff migration channels is determined, and the plane position of the main groundwater runoff zone is confirmed through drilling verification, and the vertical feature extraction and analysis of the main groundwater runoff zone is performed; Groundwater characteristic analysis: analyze the concentration and distribution characteristics of pollutants in groundwater and identify pollutant migration channels; confirm the multiple layers of water-bearing sections in the vertical direction of the aquifer and the relative water-blocking sections between each water-bearing section based on vertical characteristics; Construct a three-dimensional model of the hydrogeological structure, simulate groundwater flow and pollutant migration, and predict the dynamic characteristics of the future groundwater system based on the simulation results; Build a field monitoring network to conduct long-term monitoring and identify risks to groundwater systems.

2. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through hydrogeological survey and geophysical exploration, the X-type joints controlled by the structural complex are identified and the main direction of karst development is determined, including the following: Use geological compass and rangefinder to conduct hydrogeological survey; use hydrogeological survey maps with scales of 1:10000 and 1:2000 for comprehensive analysis; identify individual karst morphologies through field observation and recording; Survey lines are arranged in the karst area, and high-density resistivity meters, audio frequency geoelectric field meters, and transient electromagnetic meters are used to preliminarily identify the geological structure and karst development of the karst area.

3. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The location of the main groundwater runoff zone on the plane is confirmed through drilling verification, including the following: Select key locations for drilling verification, and the drilling locations should cover the main groundwater runoff zone; carry out drilling construction, obtain groundwater level and water inflow data through drilling, and analyze the position of the main groundwater runoff zone in the plane.

4. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical feature extraction analysis of the main groundwater runoff zone includes the following: Hydrological exploration holes are arranged in the main groundwater runoff zone, and the hydrological exploration holes should cover aquifers of different depths; monitoring equipment is installed in the hydrological exploration holes; the water gushing volume is monitored and recorded in real time, and by analyzing the changing characteristics of the water gushing volume, the existence of multiple water-yielding sections in the vertical direction of the aquifer and the relative water-isolating sections between the water-yielding sections are analyzed.

5. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Construct a three-dimensional model of the hydrogeological structure, including the following: Digitally process the results of hydrogeological surveys, geophysical exploration and drilling, and construct a three-dimensional model of the groundwater system based on the processed data, including the aquifer structure and groundwater flow path; The constructed three-dimensional model is compared and verified with the actual situation, and the model is optimized and improved according to the verification results.

6. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport, including the following: The simulation conditions are set according to the groundwater flow velocity and hydraulic gradient parameters, and the types and concentration parameters of pollutants are input for simulation calculation; Analyze simulation results to understand patterns and trends in groundwater flow and contaminant migration.

7. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Establish a field monitoring network to conduct long-term monitoring and identify risks to groundwater systems, including the following: Install monitoring equipment at key locations of main groundwater runoff and pollutant migration pathways to ensure that monitoring equipment can fully cover key areas of the groundwater system; Regularly maintain and calibrate monitoring equipment, and perform regular inspections and repairs on monitoring equipment; monitor and record monitoring data in real time; Evaluate the identified risks and determine the risk level and potential degree of harm.

8. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use spatial optimization algorithms to find the optimal combination of drilling locations, including the following: Based on the hydrogeological survey data and geophysical interpretation results, a set of potential drilling locations is preliminarily determined, and a set of drilling locations is randomly selected as an initial solution; Define an energy function to evaluate the quality of each solution; Set the initial temperature T o , cooling rate ΔT and termination temperature T final ; Generate a new neighborhood solution by randomly changing one or more drilling positions in the current solution; Calculate the energy value of the new neighborhood solution and compare it with the energy value of the current solution. If the energy of the neighborhood solution is lower than the current solution, accept the neighborhood solution; if the energy of the neighborhood solution is higher than the current solution, accept the neighborhood solution with a certain probability. This probability decreases as the temperature decreases. The formula is as follows: Where ΔE is the energy difference between the new solution and the current solution, and T represents the current temperature; The iteration is repeated until the termination temperature is reached, and the drilling location combination with the highest quality is selected as the final solution.

9. The method for analyzing characteristics of karst groundwater system according to claim 8, characterized in that: Energy function, the formula is as follows: Where E is the total energy, representing the energy value of the current drilling location combination; n is the number of potential drilling locations; m is the number of groundwater main runoff zones and key areas representing groundwater source channels; w ij is a weight coefficient, which indicates the dependence or importance of the jth key area on the ith drilling location. The weight coefficient is determined based on the results of hydrogeological survey and geophysical interpretation; d ij is the distance between the ith drilling location and the jth critical area.

10. A karst groundwater system characteristic analysis system, characterized in that: The karst groundwater system characteristic analysis method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used.

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