Modeling method and device of velocity model, computer device, and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a modeling method and device of a velocity model, computer equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration. The method comprises the following steps: a first optimized velocity model corresponding to land can be determined according to first seismic data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the sea can be determined according to second seismic data. Part of data in the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model is intercepted as a third initial velocity model corresponding to a sea-land transition zone, and after the third initial velocity model is optimized, the accuracy of the third optimized velocity model corresponding to the sea-land transition zone obtained can be ensured to be high, and thus the imaging effect when the sea-land transition zone is imaged subsequently is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a modeling method and apparatus for velocity models, computer equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of seismic exploration technology, a velocity model refers to a model that illustrates how the propagation velocity of seismic waves varies with subsurface depth. The accuracy of the velocity model affects the imaging precision of seismic imaging; an inaccurate velocity model leads to inaccurate seismic images. To obtain high-quality seismic imaging profiles, the velocity model needs to be optimized to provide the most accurate velocity possible.

[0003] However, for complex terrains (such as land-sea transition zones), the processing of seismic data in these zones is quite difficult due to the presence of various types of seismic triggering points and receiving points. This results in poor optimization of velocity models corresponding to these zones, leading to poor imaging performance when performing seismic imaging on them. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and apparatus for modeling a velocity model, a computer device, and a storage medium. It can solve the problem of poor imaging results when performing seismic imaging in the land-sea transition zone. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a modeling method for a velocity model is provided, the method comprising:

[0006] Acquire seismic exploration data;

[0007] The first seismic data, in which both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located on land, is extracted from the seismic exploration data, and a first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land is determined based on the first seismic data.

[0008] Second seismic data, in which both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located in the ocean, are extracted from the seismic exploration data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean is determined based on the second seismic data.

[0009] A portion of the data from the first and second optimized velocity models is extracted to form a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0010] The third initial velocity model is optimized to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0011] Optionally, the third initial velocity model is optimized to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone, including:

[0012] The shallow velocity in the third initial velocity model is optimized using a full waveform inversion method based on refracted waves, and the medium-deep velocity in the third initial velocity model is optimized using a full waveform inversion method based on reflected waves, so as to obtain the third optimized velocity model.

[0013] Optionally, determining a first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land based on the first seismic data includes:

[0014] Based on the first seismic data, a first initial velocity model corresponding to the land is obtained;

[0015] The shallow velocity in the first initial velocity model is optimized using the micro-logging constrained tomographic inversion method, and the medium-deep velocity in the first initial velocity model is optimized using the layer-by-layer tomography method and the grid tomography method to obtain the first optimized velocity model.

[0016] Optionally, a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean is determined based on the second seismic data, including:

[0017] Based on the marine seismic data, a second initial velocity model corresponding to the ocean is obtained;

[0018] The shallow velocity in the second initial velocity model is filled with a preset velocity, and the medium and deep velocities in the second initial velocity model are optimized using layer-by-layer tomography and mesh tomography to obtain the second optimized velocity model.

[0019] Optionally, the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model are located within the same common center point gather; a portion of the data from the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model is extracted as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone, including:

[0020] Along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather, the portion of data from the first optimized velocity model that is closest to the second optimized velocity model is used as the first parameter data;

[0021] Along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather, the portion of data from the second optimized velocity model that is close to the first optimized velocity model is used as the second parameter data;

[0022] The first parameter data and the second parameter data are concatenated to form the third initial velocity model.

[0023] Optionally, after acquiring the seismic exploration data, the method further includes:

[0024] The seismic exploration data is preprocessed, including amplitude consistency processing, phase consistency processing, and polarity consistency processing.

[0025] Optionally, after optimizing the third initial velocity model to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone, the method further includes:

[0026] A final velocity model corresponding to the seismic exploration data is generated based on the first optimized velocity model, the second optimized velocity model, and the third optimized velocity model.

[0027] On the other hand, a modeling apparatus for a velocity model is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0028] The acquisition module is used to acquire seismic exploration data;

[0029] The first determining module is used to pick up first seismic data in the seismic exploration data where both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are on land, and to determine a first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land based on the first seismic data.

[0030] The second determining module is used to pick up second seismic data from the seismic exploration data, in which both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located in the ocean, and to determine a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on the second seismic data.

[0031] The interception module is used to intercept a portion of the data from the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone;

[0032] An optimization module is used to optimize the third initial velocity model to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0033] In another aspect, a computer device is provided, wherein at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set is stored therein, wherein the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the speed modeling method as described above.

[0034] In another aspect, a computer storage medium is provided, wherein at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set is stored therein, wherein the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the speed modeling method as described above.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following:

[0036] First, a first optimized velocity model corresponding to land can be determined based on the first seismic data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean can be determined based on the second seismic data. Since the first and second optimized velocity models have high accuracy, a portion of the data from these models can be extracted as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. Further optimization of this third initial velocity model ensures high accuracy of the resulting third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone, thus improving the imaging results when performing seismic imaging on the transition zone. Furthermore, this process eliminates the need to process complex seismic data acquired from various types of seismic trigger points and receivers, effectively simplifying the optimization of the velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone and further improving its accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a velocity modeling method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a modeling method for another velocity model provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a velocity model provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another velocity model provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 5 This is an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a depth domain overlay profile corresponding to a velocity model is provided.

[0043] Figure 6 This is an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the depth domain overlay profile corresponding to another velocity model provided;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of a velocity modeling device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a velocity modeling method according to an embodiment of this application. This velocity modeling method is applied to computer devices. The velocity modeling method may include:

[0047] Step 101: Obtain seismic exploration data.

[0048] Step 102: Pick the first seismic data in the seismic exploration data where both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are on land, and determine the first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land based on the first seismic data.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first seismic data includes data acquired from seismic triggering points and receiving points deployed on land. It does not include data acquired from seismic triggering points deployed on land or from seismic receiving points deployed in the ocean, nor does it include data received from seismic triggering points and receiving points deployed in the ocean. Therefore, the processing of the first seismic data is less complex, resulting in higher accuracy of the first optimized velocity model determined based on the first seismic data.

[0050] Step 103: Pick the second seismic data in the seismic exploration data where both the seismic excitation point and the seismic receiver point are in the ocean, and determine the second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on the second seismic data.

[0051] In this embodiment, the second seismic data includes data acquired from seismic excitation and reception points deployed in the ocean. It does not include data acquired from seismic excitation points deployed on land or from seismic reception points deployed in the ocean, nor does it include data received by seismic excitation and reception points deployed on land. Therefore, the processing of the second seismic data is less complex, resulting in higher accuracy of the second optimized velocity model determined based on it.

[0052] Step 104: Extract a portion of the data from the first and second optimized velocity models to form the third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0053] Step 105: Optimize the third initial velocity model to obtain the third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0054] In summary, the velocity modeling method provided in this application can first determine a first optimized velocity model corresponding to land based on first seismic data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on second seismic data. Since the first and second optimized velocity models have high accuracy, a portion of the data is extracted from them as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. After further optimization of this third initial velocity model, the accuracy of the resulting third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone is ensured, leading to better imaging results when performing seismic imaging on the land-sea transition zone. Furthermore, this process eliminates the need to process complex seismic data acquired from various types of seismic trigger points and receiver points, effectively simplifying the optimization of the velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone and further improving its accuracy.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating another speed modeling method provided in this application embodiment. This speed modeling method is applied to computer devices. The speed modeling method may include:

[0056] Step 201: Obtain seismic exploration data.

[0057] In this embodiment of the application, the computer device can acquire seismic exploration data. The seismic exploration data may include seismic exploration data acquired under different terrain and surface conditions.

[0058] For example, after a seismic trigger point emits seismic waves, multiple seismic receiving points set up around this trigger point, as well as the trigger point itself, will receive seismic reflected waves. Computer equipment can acquire seismic reflected waves from multiple seismic receiving points (including the trigger point and the multiple receiving points set up around it) and generate seismic exploration data based on these reflected waves. It should be noted that the seismic trigger point and seismic receiving points in this application can be located either on land or in the ocean. Seismic trigger points located on land typically use explosive detonation to generate seismic waves; seismic trigger points located in the ocean typically use air gun firing to generate seismic waves. Seismic receiving points located on land are often also called land-based receivers, while seismic receiving points located in the ocean typically include seabed nodes and submarine cables, etc.

[0059] Step 202: Preprocess the acquired seismic exploration data to obtain preprocessed seismic exploration data.

[0060] In this embodiment of the application, after the computer device acquires the seismic exploration data, the computer device can preprocess the seismic exploration data to obtain preprocessed seismic exploration data.

[0061] For example, preprocessing may include amplitude consistency processing, phase consistency processing, and polarity consistency processing. Since some of the seismic exploration data in this application was obtained from seismic excitation and reception points deployed on land, and other data was obtained from seismic excitation and reception points deployed in the ocean, there may be some differences between the data obtained from seismic excitation and reception points deployed on land. Therefore, this embodiment of the application needs to perform consistency processing on the data obtained from seismic excitation and reception points deployed on land and the data obtained from seismic excitation and reception points deployed in the ocean, so that the consistency between these two types of data is high, thereby increasing the accuracy of the final velocity model obtained subsequently.

[0062] Amplitude consistency processing can employ amplitude equalization methods. This involves statistically analyzing the mean amplitude of seismic exploration data using the root mean square amplitude or absolute value criterion, and then calculating the equalization factor. Interpolation is then used to obtain the equalization function for the entire seismic exploration data. Finally, this equalization function is applied to the corresponding seismic exploration data to achieve amplitude equalization.

[0063] Phase consistency processing can be achieved by obtaining the minimum-phase wavelet from the minimum-phase transformation of a controllable source. By using time-domain convolution and recursive pure phase factor transformation, the zero-phase wavelet of the controllable source is converted into the minimum-phase wavelet, that is, the zero-phase wavelet seismic exploration data of the controllable source is converted into the minimum-phase wavelet seismic exploration data.

[0064] Polarity consistency processing can reverse the negative polarity jumps at different excitation points. The reversal method is to multiply the amplitude value by -1 to achieve polarity reversal. Ultimately, the polarity of seismic exploration data is the result of positive polarity jump processing based on minimum phase.

[0065] Step 203: In the preprocessed seismic exploration data, pick the first seismic data where both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are on land.

[0066] In this embodiment, after preprocessing the acquired seismic exploration data, the computer device can extract first seismic data from the preprocessed seismic exploration data, where both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located on land. Here, the first seismic data does not include data obtained from seismic trigger points located on land and seismic receiver points located in the ocean, nor does it include data received by seismic trigger points and seismic receiver points located in the ocean. Therefore, the processing of the first seismic data is less difficult, resulting in higher accuracy in subsequently determining the first optimized velocity model based on the first seismic data.

[0067] Step 204: Based on the first seismic data, obtain the first initial velocity model corresponding to the land, and optimize the first initial velocity model to obtain the first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land.

[0068] In this embodiment of the application, after the computer device acquires the first seismic data in which both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are on land, the computer device can determine the first initial velocity model corresponding to the land based on the first seismic data, and can optimize the first initial velocity model to obtain the first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land.

[0069] For example, the process by which a computer device optimizes a first initial velocity model to obtain a first optimized velocity model corresponding to land may include:

[0070] The computer equipment can use the micro-logging constrained tomographic inversion method to optimize the shallow velocity in the first initial velocity model, and use the layer-by-layer tomography method and grid tomography method to optimize the medium and deep velocity in the first initial velocity model, so as to obtain the first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land.

[0071] It should be noted that the micro-logging constrained tomographic inversion method can incorporate well logging velocities from preprocessed seismic exploration data as constraint terms into the tomographic inversion equations, updating the shallow velocity field and obtaining preliminary migration imaging results. Then, using the well logging velocity information to constrain the migration depth, shallow velocity analysis and refined modeling are performed on the updated shallow velocity field. This allows for detailed characterization of small-scale geological bodies such as fault blocks, microstructures, and thin interbedded layers, correcting the migration depth and local shallow velocities, thereby obtaining a high-precision shallow velocity field.

[0072] Layer-by-layer tomography can optimize the lateral velocity in the first initial velocity model. Using the first initial model, pre-stack depth migration is performed to obtain a series of imaging gathers. The remaining travel time is calculated along the phase axis on all migration distances within these imaging gathers. The phase axis corresponds to the stratigraphic interfaces in the first initial model. This establishes the travel time error vector, and a layer-by-layer approximation method is used to continuously optimize the mid-to-deep velocities in the first initial velocity model. Mesh tomography can optimize the longitudinal velocity in the first initial model. In mesh tomography, the accuracy of mid-to-deep velocity iteration in the first initial velocity model is generally improved by increasing the mesh density and decreasing the mesh size.

[0073] Step 205: In the preprocessed seismic exploration data, pick the second seismic data where both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located in the ocean.

[0074] In this embodiment, after preprocessing the acquired seismic exploration data, the computer device can extract second seismic data from the preprocessed seismic exploration data, where both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located in the ocean. Here, the second seismic data does not include data obtained from seismic receiver points located in the ocean where the seismic trigger point is located on land, nor does it include data received by both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point located on land. Therefore, the processing of the second seismic data is less difficult, resulting in higher accuracy in subsequently determining the second optimized velocity model based on the second seismic data.

[0075] Step 206: Based on the second seismic data, obtain the second initial velocity model corresponding to the ocean, and optimize the second initial velocity model to obtain the second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean.

[0076] In this embodiment of the application, after the computer device acquires second seismic data in which both the seismic excitation point and the seismic receiving point are located on the ocean, the computer device can determine a second initial velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on the second seismic data, and can optimize the second initial velocity model to obtain a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean.

[0077] For example, the process by which a computer device optimizes a second initial velocity model to obtain a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean may include:

[0078] The computer equipment can fill the shallow velocity in the second initial velocity model with a preset speed, and optimize the medium and deep velocity in the second initial velocity model with the layer-by-layer tomography method and the grid tomography method to obtain the second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean.

[0079] It should be noted that, since the water velocity in the ocean is relatively uniform, the computer equipment can use a preset speed (e.g., 1500 m / s) to fill the shallow velocity in the second initial velocity model to simulate the water velocity in the ocean.

[0080] Here, layer-by-layer tomography can optimize the lateral velocity in the second initial model. Using the second initial model, pre-stack depth migration is performed to obtain a series of imaging gathers. The remaining time difference is calculated along the phase axis on all migration distances within these imaging gathers. The phase axis corresponds to the water layer interface in the second initial model. This establishes the travel time error vector, and a layer-by-layer approximation method is used to continuously optimize the mid-to-deep velocities in the second initial velocity model. Mesh tomography can optimize the longitudinal velocity in the second initial model. In using mesh tomography, the accuracy of mid-to-deep velocity iteration in the second initial velocity model can generally be improved by increasing the mesh density and decreasing the mesh size.

[0081] Step 207: Extract a portion of the data from the first and second optimized velocity models to form the third initial velocity model.

[0082] In this embodiment of the application, after obtaining the first optimized speed model and the second optimized speed model, the computer device can extract a portion of the data from the first optimized speed model and the second optimized speed model as a third initial speed model.

[0083] For example, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a velocity model provided in an embodiment of this application. Different gray levels in the diagram represent geological layers with different seismic wave propagation velocities. The horizontal axis in the diagram represents the distance between the seismic wave receiving point and the excitation point (referred to as the common center point in the diagram), and the vertical axis represents the velocity of the seismic reflected wave received by the excitation point (referred to as the velocity in the diagram).

[0084] like Figure 3 As shown, the first optimized velocity model A and the second optimized velocity model B can reside within the same common centroid gather. Therefore, the computer device may extract a portion of data from the first and second optimized velocity models as a third initial velocity model, which could include:

[0085] The computer device uses the portion of data from the first optimized velocity model A that is close to the second optimized velocity model B along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather as the first parameter data A0; the computer device uses the portion of data from the second optimized velocity model B that is close to the first optimized velocity model A along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather as the second parameter data B0; then, the computer device concatenates the first parameter data A0 and the second parameter data B0 to obtain the third initial velocity model.

[0086] Step 208: Based on the third initial velocity model, optimize the third initial velocity model to obtain the third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0087] In this embodiment of the application, after the computer device extracts a portion of data from the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model as the third initial velocity model, the computer device can optimize the third initial velocity model based on the third initial velocity model to obtain the third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0088] For example, the process by which a computer device optimizes a third initial velocity model to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone may include:

[0089] The computer equipment can use the full waveform inversion method based on refracted waves to optimize the shallow velocity in the third initial velocity model, and use the full waveform inversion method based on reflected waves to optimize the mid-deep velocity in the third initial velocity model, so as to obtain the third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0090] It should be noted that the full waveform inversion method based on refracted waves can construct refracted wave energy through true amplitude migration / inverse migration, and use the refracted wave energy to recover the deep background velocity of the third initial velocity model. By separating the long-wavelength background shallow velocity component and the short-wavelength shallow velocity component of the inversion gradient, a joint objective function is established, which simultaneously updates the shallow background velocity and the shallow velocity interface, thereby effectively enhancing the effect of shallow velocity tomography.

[0091] The full-waveform inversion method based on reflected waves can construct reflected wave energy through true amplitude migration / inverse migration, and use the reflected wave energy to recover the deep background velocity of the third initial velocity model. By separating the long-wavelength background deep velocity components and the short-wavelength deep velocity components of the inversion gradient, a joint objective function is established, which simultaneously updates the deep background velocity and the deep velocity interface, thereby effectively enhancing the effect of deep velocity tomography.

[0092] For example, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another velocity model provided in an embodiment of this application. This velocity model is based on... Figure 3 The velocity model was obtained after optimization. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the continuity of the third initial velocity model is enhanced after optimization. For example, in Figure 3 and Figure 4 The data in region C are well integrated and the continuity is significantly enhanced.

[0093] Please refer to the following in this application: Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 This is an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a depth-domain overlay profile corresponding to a velocity model is provided. Figure 6 This is an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a depth-domain stacked profile corresponding to another velocity model is provided. The horizontal axis in the figure represents the distance between the seismic wave receiver and the excitation point (referred to as the common center point in the figure), and the vertical axis represents the velocity of the seismic reflected wave received at the excitation point (referred to as depth in the figure). This figure is obtained by migration imaging and stacking processing of the optimized velocity model. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, after optimizing the third initial velocity model, the profile image superimposed in the depth domain is clearer. For example, in Figure 5 and Figure 6 The image within region D becomes clearer, the lateral arrangement of the stratigraphic profile is more consistent with the actual situation, the lateral continuity is significantly enhanced, and the transverse wave characteristics are clearer.

[0094] Step 209: Generate the final velocity model corresponding to the seismic exploration data based on the first optimized velocity model, the second optimized velocity model, and the third optimized velocity model.

[0095] In this embodiment of the application, after the computer device optimizes the third initial velocity model to obtain the third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone, the computer device can generate the final velocity model corresponding to the seismic exploration data based on the first optimized velocity model, the second optimized velocity model and the third optimized velocity model.

[0096] For example, firstly, the computer device can stitch together the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model. Then, it can replace the first parameter data in the first optimized velocity model and the second parameter data in the second optimized velocity model with the third optimized velocity model to obtain the final velocity model corresponding to the seismic exploration data. Subsequently, the computer device can perform seismic imaging based on this final velocity model to obtain the seismic image corresponding to the seismic exploration data.

[0097] It should be noted that the order of steps in the speed modeling method provided in this application embodiment can be appropriately adjusted, and the steps can also be added or removed as appropriate. Any variation methods that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the protection scope of this application, and therefore will not be elaborated further.

[0098] In summary, the velocity modeling method provided in this application can first determine a first optimized velocity model corresponding to land based on first seismic data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on second seismic data. Since the first and second optimized velocity models have high accuracy, a portion of the data is extracted from them as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. After further optimization of this third initial velocity model, the accuracy of the resulting third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone is ensured, leading to better imaging results when performing seismic imaging on the land-sea transition zone. Furthermore, this process eliminates the need to process complex seismic data acquired from various types of seismic trigger points and receiver points, effectively simplifying the optimization of the velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone and further improving its accuracy.

[0099] This application also provides a modeling apparatus for a velocity model; please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a block diagram of a velocity modeling apparatus provided in an embodiment of this application. The velocity modeling apparatus 300 can be integrated into a computer device, and the velocity modeling apparatus 300 may include:

[0100] Module 301 is used to acquire seismic exploration data;

[0101] The first determining module 302 is used to pick up first seismic data in seismic exploration data where both the seismic excitation point and the seismic receiving point are on land, and to determine a first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land based on the first seismic data.

[0102] The second determining module 303 is used to pick up second seismic data in seismic exploration data where both the seismic excitation point and the seismic receiving point are in the ocean, and to determine a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on the second seismic data.

[0103] The interception module 304 is used to intercept a portion of data from the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0104] The optimization module 305 is used to optimize the third initial velocity model to obtain the third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone.

[0105] In summary, the velocity modeling apparatus provided in this application can first determine a first optimized velocity model corresponding to land based on first seismic data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on second seismic data. Since the first and second optimized velocity models have high accuracy, a portion of the data is extracted from them as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. After further optimization of this third initial velocity model, the accuracy of the resulting third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone is ensured, leading to better imaging results when performing seismic imaging on the land-sea transition zone. Furthermore, this process eliminates the need to process complex seismic data acquired from various types of seismic trigger points and receiver points, effectively simplifying the optimization of the velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone and further improving the accuracy of the optimization.

[0106] Optionally, the optimization module can be used to: optimize the shallow velocity in the third initial velocity model using a full waveform inversion method based on refracted waves, and optimize the mid-deep velocity in the third initial velocity model using a full waveform inversion method based on reflected waves, so as to obtain the third optimized velocity model.

[0107] Optionally, the first determining module may include:

[0108] The first acquisition unit is used to acquire the first initial velocity model corresponding to the land based on the first seismic data.

[0109] The first optimization unit is used to optimize the shallow velocity in the first initial velocity model using the micro-logging constrained tomographic inversion method, and to optimize the medium-deep velocity in the first initial velocity model using the layer-by-layer tomography method and the grid tomography method, so as to obtain the first optimized velocity model.

[0110] Optionally, the second determining module may include:

[0111] The second acquisition unit is used to acquire a second initial velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on marine seismic data.

[0112] The second optimization unit is used to fill the shallow velocity in the second initial velocity model with a preset velocity, and to optimize the medium and deep velocities in the second initial velocity model using layer-by-layer tomography and mesh tomography to obtain the second optimized velocity model.

[0113] Optionally, the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model are located within the same common center point gather; the extraction module may include:

[0114] The first extraction unit is used to extract the portion of data from the first optimized velocity model that is close to the second optimized velocity model along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather as the first parameter data.

[0115] The second extraction unit is used to extract the portion of the data from the second optimized velocity model that is close to the first optimized velocity model along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather as the second parameter data;

[0116] The splicing unit is used to splice the first parameter data and the second parameter data into a third initial velocity model.

[0117] Optionally, the modeling device 300 for the velocity model may further include:

[0118] The preprocessing module is used to preprocess seismic exploration data. The preprocessing includes amplitude consistency processing, phase consistency processing, and polarity consistency processing.

[0119] Optionally, the modeling device 300 for the velocity model may further include:

[0120] The generation module is used to generate the final velocity model corresponding to the seismic exploration data based on the first optimized velocity model, the second optimized velocity model, and the third optimized velocity model.

[0121] In summary, the velocity modeling apparatus provided in this application can first determine a first optimized velocity model corresponding to land based on first seismic data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on second seismic data. Since the first and second optimized velocity models have high accuracy, a portion of the data is extracted from them as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. After further optimization of this third initial velocity model, the accuracy of the resulting third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone is ensured, leading to better imaging results when performing seismic imaging on the land-sea transition zone. Furthermore, this process eliminates the need to process complex seismic data acquired from various types of seismic trigger points and receiver points, effectively simplifying the optimization of the velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone and further improving the accuracy of the optimization.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0123] This application also provides a computer device. The computer device may include a processor and a memory. The memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, which is loaded and executed by the processor to implement [the desired functionality]. Figure 1 or Figure 2 The modeling method for the velocity model is shown.

[0124] This application also provides a computer storage medium. The computer storage medium stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, which is loaded and executed by a processor to achieve [the desired outcome]. Figure 1 or Figure 2 The modeling method for the velocity model is shown.

[0125] In this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined.

[0126] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0127] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for modeling a velocity model, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire seismic exploration data; The first seismic data, in which both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located on land, is extracted from the seismic exploration data, and a first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land is determined based on the first seismic data. Second seismic data, in which both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located in the ocean, are extracted from the seismic exploration data, and a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean is determined based on the second seismic data. A portion of the data from the first and second optimized velocity models is extracted to form a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. The third initial velocity model is optimized to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone; The optimization process for the third initial velocity model to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone includes: optimizing the shallow velocity in the third initial velocity model using a full waveform inversion method based on refracted waves, and optimizing the mid-deep velocity in the third initial velocity model using a full waveform inversion method based on reflected waves, to obtain the third optimized velocity model. The first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model are located within the same common centroid gather. A portion of the data from the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model is extracted to form a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. This includes: using the portion of the first optimized velocity model closest to the second optimized velocity model along the horizontal axis of the common centroid gather as first parameter data; using the portion of the second optimized velocity model closest to the first optimized velocity model along the horizontal axis of the common centroid gather as second parameter data; and concatenating the first parameter data and the second parameter data to form the third initial velocity model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the first seismic data, a first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land is determined, including: Based on the first seismic data, a first initial velocity model corresponding to the land is obtained; The shallow velocity in the first initial velocity model is optimized using the micro-logging constrained tomographic inversion method, and the medium-deep velocity in the first initial velocity model is optimized using the layer-by-layer tomography method and the grid tomography method to obtain the first optimized velocity model.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the second seismic data, a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean is determined, including: Based on the second seismic data, a second initial velocity model corresponding to the ocean is obtained; The shallow velocity in the second initial velocity model is filled with a preset velocity, and the medium and deep velocities in the second initial velocity model are optimized using layer-by-layer tomography and mesh tomography to obtain the second optimized velocity model.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, After acquiring the seismic exploration data, the method further includes: The seismic exploration data is preprocessed, including amplitude consistency processing, phase consistency processing, and polarity consistency processing.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, After optimizing the third initial velocity model to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone, the method further includes: A final velocity model corresponding to the seismic exploration data is generated based on the first optimized velocity model, the second optimized velocity model, and the third optimized velocity model.

6. A modeling apparatus for a velocity model, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire seismic exploration data; The first determining module is used to pick up first seismic data in the seismic exploration data where both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are on land, and to determine a first optimized velocity model corresponding to the land based on the first seismic data. The second determining module is used to pick up second seismic data from the seismic exploration data, in which both the seismic trigger point and the seismic receiver point are located in the ocean, and to determine a second optimized velocity model corresponding to the ocean based on the second seismic data. The interception module is used to intercept a portion of the data from the first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model as a third initial velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone; An optimization module is used to optimize the third initial velocity model to obtain a third optimized velocity model corresponding to the land-sea transition zone. The optimization module is used to optimize the shallow velocity in the third initial velocity model by using a full waveform inversion method based on refracted waves, and to optimize the mid-deep velocity in the third initial velocity model by using a full waveform inversion method based on reflected waves, so as to obtain the third optimized velocity model. The first optimized velocity model and the second optimized velocity model are located in the same common center point gather; the extraction module is used to take the part of the first optimized velocity model that is close to the second optimized velocity model as the first parameter data along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather; take the part of the second optimized velocity model that is close to the first optimized velocity model as the second parameter data along the horizontal axis of the common center point gather; and concatenate the first parameter data and the second parameter data to form the third initial velocity model.

7. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the speed modeling method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the speed modeling method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images