Method and apparatus for detecting breakage

Abstract

The present specification relates to the technical field of oil exploration and development, and particularly discloses a fracture detection method and device, wherein the method comprises: acquiring a three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume of a target area; extracting a plurality of two-dimensional profiles from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume; calculating seismic coherence attribute reciprocals corresponding to each two-dimensional profile in the plurality of two-dimensional profiles; determining horizontal fracture indicator data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile according to the seismic coherence attribute reciprocals corresponding to each two-dimensional profile by using a preset horizontal determination rule; constructing a vertical determination rule based on the horizontal fracture indicator data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile; determining vertical fracture indicator data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile by using the vertical determination rule; and generating a fracture detection result corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume based on the vertical fracture indicator data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile. The above scheme can improve fracture detection accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of petroleum exploration and development technology, and in particular to a fracture detection method and device. Background Technology

[0002] Fractures, as crucial parameters describing the rock properties of oil and gas reservoirs, are of paramount importance for oil and gas geophysical exploration, especially for unconventional reservoirs. Effectively identifying and characterizing fractures remains a significant challenge. Fracture detection helps in understanding fundamental oil and gas accumulation elements such as reservoir formation, hydrocarbon migration, and preservation, making it a vital part of oil and gas exploration. Conventional post-stack discontinuity attribute extraction is the primary technique for fracture detection, with eigenvalue coherence techniques being the most representative. This series of methods can indicate relatively obvious features caused by fracture development, such as in-phase axis misalignment, shape changes, bifurcation, merging, and distortion, and is therefore widely used, leading to the development of several derivative techniques such as histogram enhancement, direction enhancement, and frequency enhancement. Furthermore, techniques similar to ant tracking and maximum likelihood body attribute techniques, which perform secondary optimization based on discontinuous attribute data, can also significantly improve fracture detection accuracy and are widely used in production practice.

[0003] However, existing coherent properties are insufficient to characterize fracture systems accurately, and cannot obtain high-resolution fracture detection results.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This specification provides a fracture detection method and apparatus to address the problem of insufficient accuracy in characterizing fracture systems by coherent properties in the prior art.

[0006] This specification provides a fracture detection method, including:

[0007] Obtain the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume of the target area; extract multiple two-dimensional profiles from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume; calculate the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each of the multiple two-dimensional profiles;

[0008] Using a preset lateral determination rule, the lateral fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined based on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0009] Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, a longitudinal determination rule is constructed; using the longitudinal determination rule, the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined.

[0010] Based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, the fracture detection results corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume are generated.

[0011] In one embodiment, the preset lateral determination rule is constructed using the following method:

[0012] Multiple modes are set based on the lateral distribution pattern of faults on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute;

[0013] Set a corresponding fracture indicator factor value for each of the multiple modes.

[0014] In one embodiment, using a preset lateral determination rule, the lateral fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined based on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, including:

[0015] The length of the transverse sliding window is determined based on the horizontal displacement of the fracture in the target area.

[0016] For each point among multiple points on each two-dimensional profile, the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal window is extracted by extending the horizontal sliding window to the left and right sides of each point, thereby obtaining the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

[0017] Based on the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, determine the value of the transverse fracture indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

[0018] Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor values ​​corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is obtained.

[0019] In one embodiment, determining the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section includes:

[0020] Calculate the gradients of the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile to obtain the gradients of the first vector and the second vector.

[0021] The first fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is obtained based on the absolute value of the sum of positive and negative values ​​contained in the first and second vector gradients.

[0022] Based on whether the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient are all positive or all negative, the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is obtained.

[0023] Based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined.

[0024] In one embodiment, for each point among multiple points on each two-dimensional profile, the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal sliding window is extracted by extending the horizontal sliding window length to the left and right sides of each point, including:

[0025] Using the length of the horizontal sliding window, slide along each two-dimensional profile from left to right and from top to bottom, and extend to the left and right sides of each point to extract the inverse values ​​of the seismic coherence attributes within the horizontal window;

[0026] Accordingly, based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the value of the first transverse fracture indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined.

[0027] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0028] Using the length of the horizontal sliding window, slide along each two-dimensional profile from right to left and from top to bottom, and extend to the left and right sides of each point to extract the inverse values ​​of the seismic coherence attributes within the horizontal window;

[0029] Accordingly, based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the value of the second transverse fracture indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined.

[0030] The method further includes:

[0031] The larger of the first transverse fracture indicator factor value and the second transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is taken as the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

[0032] In one embodiment, based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, a longitudinal determination rule is constructed, including:

[0033] Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area is determined.

[0034] The length of the longitudinal sliding window is determined based on the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area.

[0035] Based on the length of the vertical sliding window, a vertical determination rule is constructed.

[0036] In one embodiment, the longitudinal determination rule is used to determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, including:

[0037] Using the length of the longitudinal sliding window, slide along each two-dimensional profile from top to bottom and from left to right. Each time you slide, extract the transverse fracture indicator factor data within the longitudinal window to obtain a longitudinal vector. Based on the number of non-zero elements in two adjacent longitudinal vectors, determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0038] This specification also provides a fracture detection device, comprising:

[0039] The acquisition module is used to acquire a three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume of the target area; extract multiple two-dimensional profiles from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume; and calculate the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each of the multiple two-dimensional profiles.

[0040] The first determining module is used to determine the transverse fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile by using a preset transverse determination rule and the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0041] The second determining module is used to construct longitudinal determination rules based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile; and is also used to determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile using the longitudinal determination rules.

[0042] The generation module is used to generate the fracture detection results corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0043] This specification also provides a computer device, including a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor executes the instructions to implement the steps of the fracture detection method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0044] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed, implement the steps of the fracture detection method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0045] This specification provides a fracture detection method that acquires a three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume for a target area, extracts multiple two-dimensional profiles from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume, calculates the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, determines the lateral fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on a preset lateral judgment rule using the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, constructs a longitudinal judgment rule based on the lateral fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, determines the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile using the longitudinal judgment rule, and generates the fracture detection result corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile. In the above scheme, the typical lateral morphological characteristics of fractures in coherence attributes are used as a reference, the patterns of discontinuity features of coherence attributes are enumerated to form a lateral judgment criterion, which is matched with the measured coherence attributes and assigned a corresponding fracture indicator factor value. The accuracy of the fracture location is ensured by selecting the better result from both forward and reverse judgments. Furthermore, considering the longitudinal ductility of the fracture, a longitudinal judgment criterion is set based on the transverse judgment results to determine the longitudinal ductility of the fracture. By combining the transverse and longitudinal judgments, more accurate fracture detection results based on measured data are ultimately achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this specification and form part of it, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 A flowchart of a fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0048] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates 16 patterns based on the lateral distribution of typical fractures on the reciprocal attribute, as shown in one embodiment of this specification.

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the first lateral determination and the second lateral determination in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal determination in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0051] Figure 5 A flowchart of a fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0052] Figure 6 This specification shows a seismic coherence property profile image before the implementation of a fracture detection method in one embodiment of the present specification;

[0053] Figure 7 The transverse determination result after implementing the fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0054] Figure 8 The longitudinal determination result after implementing the fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0055] Figure 9 A time slice of coherent properties before implementation of the fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0056] Figure 10 A high-resolution fracture feature slice is shown after the fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification has been implemented.

[0057] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a fracture detection device according to one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0058] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a computer device according to one embodiment of this specification is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The principles and spirit of this specification will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are given merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement this specification, and are not intended to limit the scope of this specification in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described in this specification can be implemented as a system, apparatus, method, or computer program product. Therefore, the disclosure of this specification can be specifically implemented in the following forms: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0061] This specification provides a fracture detection method through its embodiments. Figure 1A flowchart of a fracture detection method according to one embodiment of this specification is shown. While this specification provides method operation steps or apparatus structures as illustrated in the following embodiments or figures, more or fewer operation steps or module units may be included in the method or apparatus based on conventional or non-inventive effort. In steps or structures where there is no logically necessary causal relationship, the execution order of these steps or the module structure of the apparatus is not limited to the execution order or module structure described in the embodiments and figures of this specification. When the method or module structure is applied in a practical device or end product, it can be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment, or even a distributed processing environment) according to the method or module structure shown in the embodiments or figures.

[0062] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, a fracture detection method provided in one embodiment of this specification may include the following steps:

[0063] Step S101: Obtain the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume of the target area; extract multiple two-dimensional profiles from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume; calculate the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each of the multiple two-dimensional profiles.

[0064] In this embodiment, a three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume for the target area can be obtained. The three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume refers to the cross-correlation coefficients between adjacent seismic traces in the three-dimensional seismic data volume. The three dimensions of the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume are xline offset, inline offset, and time. Multiple two-dimensional profiles can be extracted from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume. The horizontal axis of the two-dimensional profile can be xline offset, and the vertical axis can be time. The reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each of the multiple two-dimensional profiles is calculated to obtain the seismic coherence reciprocal attribute.

[0065] Step S102: Using a preset lateral determination rule, determine the lateral fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0066] The lateral fault indicator factor data of each two-dimensional profile can be determined by using the preset lateral determination rules and the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0067] In some embodiments of this specification, the preset lateral determination rule may be constructed in the following way: setting multiple modes based on the lateral distribution pattern of faults on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute; and setting a corresponding fault indicator factor value for each of the multiple modes.

[0068] Specifically, based on the lateral distribution pattern of typical fractures in the reciprocal attribute, 16 modes can be set, each assigned a corresponding fracture indicator factor value. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2 The diagram shows 16 different modes.

[0069] Assuming the length of the one-dimensional sliding window is xstep (where xstep is a positive odd number), at any point (i,j) in the coherence profile, extend (xstep-1) / 2 grid points to both sides to extract coherent attribute values. Taking the coherent value containing (i,j) to the left, we obtain vector L; taking the coherent value containing (i,j) to the right, we obtain vector R. Calculate the gradients of L and R respectively to obtain ZL and ZR.

[0070] Calculate the first fracture measure characterizing the fracture: sum the positive and negative values ​​contained in ZL respectively, and take the absolute value to obtain ZL_P_sum and ZL_N_sum; sum the positive and negative values ​​contained in ZR respectively, and take the absolute value to obtain ZR_P_sum and ZR_N_sum.

[0071] Calculate the second fracture measure characterizing the fracture: Statistically check if ZL and ZR are both positive or negative. If both are positive or negative, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.

[0072] If ZL is all positive numbers, set the parameter ZLZ1 = 1;

[0073] If ZL is all negative, set parameter ZLZ2 = 1;

[0074] If ZR is all positive, set parameter ZRZ1 = 1;

[0075] If ZR is all negative, set the parameter ZRZ2 = 1.

[0076] Based on the two measures for characterizing fracture given above, the following model is used to assign a numerical value to the fracture indicator for this point:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, "==", ">", and "<" are relational operators, representing "equal to", "greater than", and "less than", respectively; "&&" is the logical AND operation, which means that both expressions on both sides must be true.

[0079] The values ​​for the indicator factors vary depending on the specific work area. The reference values ​​provided in this example are applicable to general seismic data conditions that are stable.

[0080] In some embodiments of this specification, the determination of transverse fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on a preset transverse determination rule and the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile may include: determining the length of a transverse sliding window based on the horizontal displacement of the fault in the target area; extracting the reciprocal value of the seismic coherence attribute within the transverse window by extending the transverse sliding window length to the left and right sides of each point on each two-dimensional profile, thereby obtaining a first vector and a second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile; determining the transverse fault indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile based on the first vector and the second vector; and obtaining the transverse fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on the transverse fault indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

[0081] The length of the lateral sliding window can be determined based on the horizontal displacement of the fault in the target area. A larger horizontal displacement results in a larger lateral sliding window, and vice versa. Then, lateral determination can be performed using the lateral sliding window according to the lateral determination rule. For each point among multiple points on each two-dimensional profile, the inverse values ​​of seismic coherence attributes within the lateral window are extracted by extending the lateral sliding window to the left and right sides of each point, obtaining the first vector L and the second vector R corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile. Based on the first vector L and the second vector R corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the lateral fault indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined. Based on the lateral fault indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the lateral fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is obtained.

[0082] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section may include: calculating the gradients of the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section to obtain the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient; obtaining the first fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on the absolute value of the sum of the positive values ​​and the sum of the negative values ​​contained in the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient; obtaining the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on whether the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient are all positive or all negative; and determining the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section.

[0083] Specifically, the gradients of the first vector L and the second vector R can be calculated separately to obtain the gradients ZL and ZR of the first and second vectors. The positive and negative values ​​contained in ZL are summed separately, and the absolute values ​​are taken to obtain ZL_P_sum and ZL_N_sum; the positive and negative values ​​contained in ZR are summed separately, and the absolute values ​​are taken to obtain ZR_P_sum and ZR_N_sum. The first fracture metric includes four variables: ZL_P_sum, ZL_N_sum, ZR_P_sum, and ZR_N_sum. The first fracture metric indicates the fluctuation of coherent numerical values ​​contained in all points within the window of study points, and is used for fracture modes other than modes 1, 2, 11, and 12.

[0084] The second fracture measurement is calculated as follows: It can be determined whether ZL and ZR are both positive or negative. If both are positive or both are negative, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.

[0085] If ZL is all positive numbers, set the parameter ZLZ1 = 1;

[0086] If ZL is all negative, set parameter ZLZ2 = 1;

[0087] If ZR is all positive, set parameter ZRZ1 = 1;

[0088] If ZR is all negative, set the parameter ZRZ2 = 1.

[0089] The second fracture measure may include ZLZ1, ZLZ2, ZRZ1, or ZRZ2.

[0090] After obtaining the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure, the fracture indicator factor of each point on the cross section can be obtained according to the above formula (1).

[0091] In some embodiments of this specification, for each point among multiple points on each two-dimensional profile, the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal window is extracted by extending the horizontal sliding window length to the left and right sides of each point. This may include: using the horizontal sliding window length, sliding along each two-dimensional profile from left to right and from top to bottom, and extracting the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal window to the left and right sides of each point; correspondingly, based on the first fault measure and the second fault measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the value of the first horizontal fault indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined.

[0092] Specifically, any coherent attribute profile data C can be selected. M×NWhere M is the number of temporal samples in the vertical direction and N is the number of spatial samples in the horizontal direction. The sliding window length is set to xstep (xstep is an odd number), and it slides along the coherent attribute profile from left to right and from top to bottom. Each slide extracts coherent values, forming a decision unit vector c. i , where i = 1, 2, ..., xstep. According to the horizontal decision rule, for c... i Make a judgment and assign a corresponding fracture indicator factor. Iterate the above steps repeatedly until the entire C is completed. M×N The cross-section is used to complete the first transverse determination, and the result is recorded as the value of the first transverse fracture indicator factor.

[0093] In some embodiments of this specification, the method may further include: using the length of the horizontal sliding window, sliding along each two-dimensional profile from right to left and from top to bottom, extending to the left and right sides of each point to extract the inverse values ​​of seismic coherence attributes within the horizontal window; correspondingly, determining the values ​​of the second horizontal fracture indicator factors corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile; the method may further include: taking the larger value between the first horizontal fracture indicator factor value and the second horizontal fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile as the horizontal fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

[0094] Please refer to Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the first and second lateral determinations in one embodiment of this specification. Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, in the horizontal direction, a sliding window approach can be used to first perform a forward judgment, then a reverse judgment, and take the maximum value of the two results. The fracture indicator factor value is then assigned point by point to obtain the horizontal judgment result. After obtaining the first horizontal fracture indicator factor value, the data matrix C of the profile is... M×N Flip the slide left and right, repeating the above steps until the entire cross-section is completed, completing the second transverse determination. The result is recorded as the second transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section. Extract the maximum value between the first transverse fracture indicator factor value and the second transverse fracture indicator factor value for each point as the fracture indicator factor for that point, and record it as the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point.

[0095] Step S103: Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, construct a longitudinal determination rule; use the longitudinal determination rule to determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0096] After obtaining the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, longitudinal determination rules can be constructed based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile. Then, the longitudinal determination rules and the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile are used to determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0097] In some embodiments of this specification, constructing longitudinal determination rules based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile may include: determining the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area according to the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile; determining the longitudinal sliding window length according to the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area; and constructing longitudinal determination rules based on the longitudinal sliding window length.

[0098] In this embodiment, based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, a sliding window length of tstep (tstep is an odd number) is set. The window slides along the coherent attribute profile from top to bottom and from left to right. Each slide extracts coherent values ​​to form a decision unit vector. Continuously taking F... i F i+1 Two vectors, where i = 1, 2, ..., tstep. The setting of tstep needs to be based on the vertical extension depth of the fault in the study area. The longer a fault extends vertically, the farther its influence reaches, and the larger tstep will be. Conversely, if the faults in a region are small and have a shallow depth of influence, then tstep will be smaller.

[0099] Construct longitudinal judgment criteria for F i F i+1 A judgment is made, and a corresponding fracture indicator factor is assigned. Assume F... i F i+1 The number of non-zero elements in each group is N. i Ni +1 For any point i, its fracture indicator factor FAULT i This can be expressed as follows:

[0100]

[0101] Here, max is the operation of finding the maximum value of the vector elements, and mean is the operation of finding the mean of the vectors.

[0102] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile using the longitudinal determination rule may include: using the longitudinal sliding window length, sliding along each two-dimensional profile from top to bottom and from left to right; each time the sliding window is used, extracting the transverse fracture indicator factor data within the longitudinal window to obtain a longitudinal vector; and determining the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on the number of non-zero elements in two adjacent longitudinal vectors.

[0103] Please refer to Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a longitudinal determination in one embodiment of this specification. After constructing the longitudinal determination rules, the longitudinal sliding window length can be used to slide along each two-dimensional profile from top to bottom and from left to right. Each time the window slides, the transverse fracture indicator factor data within the longitudinal window is extracted to obtain a longitudinal vector. The longitudinal vector is then determined based on the number of non-zero elements in two adjacent longitudinal vectors. Subsequently, the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined according to the formula (2) above.

[0104] Step S104: Based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, generate the fracture detection result corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume.

[0105] After obtaining the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, fracture detection results corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume can be generated based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor.

[0106] In the above embodiments, the typical lateral morphological features of fracture in coherent attributes are used as a reference. Patterns of discontinuous features in coherent attributes are enumerated to form a lateral judgment criterion. This criterion is then matched with the measured coherent attributes and assigned a corresponding fracture indicator factor value. The accuracy of the fracture location is ensured by selecting the better result from both forward and reverse judgments. Furthermore, considering the longitudinal extension of the fracture, a longitudinal judgment criterion is set based on the lateral judgment results to determine the longitudinal extension of the fracture. By combining the lateral and longitudinal judgments, more accurate fracture detection results from measured data are ultimately achieved.

[0107] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. For details, please refer to the foregoing descriptions of the relevant processing embodiments; they will not be repeated here.

[0108] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0109] The above method will be described below with reference to a specific embodiment. However, it is worth noting that this specific embodiment is only for better illustration of this specification and does not constitute an improper limitation of this specification.

[0110] This specific embodiment discloses a fracture detection method. Please refer to... Figure 5 A flowchart of a fracture detection method according to an embodiment of this specification is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the method may include the following steps: obtaining a three-dimensional coherent attribute volume, arbitrarily extracting its two-dimensional profile, and calculating the reciprocal attribute; constructing a fracture determination criterion in the transverse direction. Based on the transverse distribution pattern of typical fractures in the reciprocal attribute, 16 modes are set and corresponding fracture indicator factor values ​​are assigned; in the transverse direction, a sliding window is used to first perform a forward determination, then a reverse determination, taking the maximum value of the two results, and assigning fracture indicator factor values ​​point by point to obtain the transverse determination result; based on the transverse determination result, a fracture determination criterion in the longitudinal direction is constructed. A sliding window is used to assign fracture indicator factor values ​​point by point, thereby enhancing the longitudinal extensibility of the fracture; the above process is repeated iteratively for each profile to obtain the three-dimensional fracture detection result.

[0111] Criteria for determining fracture modes were established. Based on the lateral distribution patterns of typical fractures in the reciprocal attribute, 16 modes were set and assigned corresponding fracture indicator factor values, as detailed below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0112] (1) Assuming the length of the one-dimensional sliding window is xstep (xstep is a positive odd number), at any point (i,j) in the coherence profile, extend (xstep-1) / 2 grid points to both sides to extract coherent attribute values. Take the coherent value containing (i,j) to the left to obtain vector L; take the coherent value containing (i,j) to the right to obtain vector R. Calculate the gradients of L and R respectively to obtain ZL and ZR.

[0113] (2) Calculate the measure 1 that characterizes the fracture: sum the positive and negative values ​​contained in ZL respectively, and take the absolute value to obtain ZL_P_sum and ZL_N_sum; sum the positive and negative values ​​contained in ZR respectively, and take the absolute value to obtain ZR_P_sum and ZR_N_sum.

[0114] (3) Calculate the measure 2 representing the fracture: Statistically determine whether ZL and ZR are all positive or all negative. If they are all positive or all negative, the value is 1; otherwise, the value is 0.

[0115] If ZL is all positive numbers, set the parameter ZLZ1 = 1;

[0116] If ZL is all negative, set parameter ZLZ2 = 1;

[0117] If ZR is all positive, set parameter ZRZ1 = 1;

[0118] If ZR is all negative, set the parameter ZRZ2 = 1.

[0119] (4) Based on the two measures for characterizing fracture given in (2) and (3), assign a numerical value to the indicator factor for fracture at this point according to the following pattern:

[0120]

[0121] Among them, "==", ">", and "<" are relational operators, representing "equal to", "greater than", and "less than", respectively; "&&" is the logical AND operation, which means that both expressions on both sides must be true.

[0122] The values ​​for the indicator factor vary depending on the specific work area. This patent application provides the above reference values, applicable to general seismic data conditions that are stable.

[0123] In the horizontal direction, a sliding window is used to first perform a forward judgment, then a reverse judgment. The maximum value of the two results is taken, and a fracture indicator factor value is assigned point by point to obtain the horizontal judgment result, as follows:

[0124] (1) Randomly select coherent attribute profile data C M×N Where M is the number of time samples in the longitudinal direction and N is the number of spatial samples in the transverse direction;

[0125] Please refer to Figure 6 This image shows a seismic coherence property profile before the implementation of a fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification. A horizontal line determination can be performed on this profile.

[0126] (2) Set the sliding window length to xstep (xstep is an odd number), slide it from left to right and from top to bottom along the coherent attribute profile, and extract coherent values ​​each time it slides to form a decision unit vector c. i , where i = 1, 2, ..., xstep;

[0127] (3) Based on the judgment criteria in 2, for c i The determination is made, and the corresponding fracture indicator factor is assigned.

[0128] (4) Iterate through (2) and (3) until the entire C is completed. M×N The cross-section is used to complete the first lateral determination, and the result is recorded as F. 左 ;

[0129] (5) The data matrix C of the profile M×N Flip left and right, repeat steps (2) and (3) in claim 3 until the entire cross section is completed, and complete the second lateral determination. The result is recorded as F. 右 :

[0130] (6) Extracting F point by point 左 F 右 The maximum value of F is taken as the fracture indicator factor at that point, denoted as F. 横向 The formula is expressed as follows:

[0131] F 横向IJ =max I∈[1,M],J∈[1,N] {F 左IJ ,F 右IJ}, where I and J are the horizontal and vertical coordinate values, respectively. Figure 7 As shown, the transverse determination result after implementing the fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification is illustrated.

[0132] Based on the results of the transverse fracture assessment, a criterion for determining the longitudinal fracture is constructed. A sliding window approach is used to assign fracture indicator factor values ​​point-by-point, thereby determining the longitudinal ductility of the fracture, as detailed below:

[0133] (1) With F 横向 Based on this, a sliding window with a length of tstep (tstep is an odd number) is set. The window slides along the coherent attribute profile from top to bottom and from left to right. Each slide extracts coherent values, forming a decision unit vector. F is continuously taken... i F i+1 Two vectors, where i = 1, 2, ..., tstep;

[0134] (2) Constructing longitudinal judgment criteria for F i F i+1 A judgment is made, and a corresponding fracture indicator factor is assigned. Assume F... i F i+1 The number of non-zero elements in each group is N. i Ni +1 For any point i, its fracture indicator factor FAULT i This can be expressed as follows:

[0135]

[0136] Here, max is the operation of finding the maximum value of the vector elements, and mean is the operation of finding the mean of the vectors.

[0137] like Figure 8 The diagram shows the longitudinal determination result after implementing the fracture detection method in one embodiment of this specification. Please refer to... Figures 9 to 10 The diagram shows a coherent property time slice before implementation and a high-resolution fracture feature slice after implementation in one embodiment of the fracture detection method described in this specification.

[0138] The above process is repeated iteratively section by section to obtain three-dimensional fracture detection results.

[0139] Based on the same inventive concept, this specification also provides a fracture detection device in its embodiments, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle by which the fracture detection device solves the problem is similar to that of the fracture detection method, the implementation of the fracture detection device can refer to the implementation of the fracture detection method, and repeated details will not be elaborated further. As used below, the terms "unit" or "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated. Figure 11 This is a structural block diagram of a fracture detection device according to an embodiment of this specification, such as... Figure 11 As shown, it includes: an acquisition module 1101, a first determination module 1102, a second determination module 1103, and a generation module 1104. The structure is described below.

[0140] The acquisition module 1101 is used to acquire the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume of the target area; extract multiple two-dimensional profiles from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume; and calculate the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each of the multiple two-dimensional profiles.

[0141] The first determining module 1102 is used to determine the transverse fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile by using a preset transverse determination rule and based on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0142] The second determining module 1103 is used to construct longitudinal determination rules based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile; and is also used to determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile using the longitudinal determination rules.

[0143] The generation module 1104 is used to generate the fracture detection results corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

[0144] In some embodiments of this specification, the preset lateral determination rule may be constructed in the following way: setting multiple modes based on the lateral distribution pattern of faults on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute; and setting a corresponding fault indicator factor value for each of the multiple modes.

[0145] In some embodiments of this specification, the first determining module may be specifically used to: determine the length of a transverse sliding window based on the horizontal displacement of the fault in the target area; for each point among multiple points on each two-dimensional profile, extract the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the transverse window by extending the transverse sliding window length to the left and right sides of each point, respectively, to obtain a first vector and a second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile; determine the transverse fault indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile based on the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile; and obtain the transverse fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on the transverse fault indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

[0146] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section may include: calculating the gradients of the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section to obtain the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient; obtaining the first fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on the absolute value of the sum of the positive values ​​and the sum of the negative values ​​contained in the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient; obtaining the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on whether the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient are all positive or all negative; and determining the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section.

[0147] In some embodiments of this specification, for each point among multiple points on each two-dimensional profile, the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal window is extracted by extending the horizontal sliding window length to the left and right sides of each point. This may include: using the horizontal sliding window length, sliding along each two-dimensional profile from left to right and from top to bottom, and extracting the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal window to the left and right sides of each point; correspondingly, based on the first fault measure and the second fault measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the value of the first horizontal fault indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined.

[0148] In some embodiments of this specification, the method may further include: using the length of the horizontal sliding window, sliding along each two-dimensional profile from right to left and from top to bottom, extending to the left and right sides of each point to extract the inverse values ​​of seismic coherence attributes within the horizontal window; correspondingly, determining the values ​​of the second horizontal fracture indicator factors corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile; the first determining module may further be specifically used to: take the larger value between the values ​​of the first horizontal fracture indicator factors corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile and the values ​​of the second horizontal fracture indicator factors corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile as the values ​​of the horizontal fracture indicator factors corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

[0149] In some embodiments of this specification, the second determining module may be specifically used to: determine the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile; determine the longitudinal sliding window length based on the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area; and construct a longitudinal determination rule based on the longitudinal sliding window length.

[0150] In some embodiments of this specification, the second determining module may be specifically used to: slide along each two-dimensional profile from top to bottom and from left to right using the length of the longitudinal sliding window; each time the window is slid, extract the transverse fracture indicator factor data within the longitudinal window to obtain a longitudinal vector; and determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on the number of non-zero elements in two adjacent longitudinal vectors.

[0151] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of this specification achieve the following technical effects: Using the typical transverse morphological characteristics of fracture in coherent attributes as a reference, patterns of discontinuous features in coherent attributes are enumerated to form transverse judgment criteria. These criteria are then matched with measured coherent attributes and assigned corresponding fracture indicator factor values. The accuracy of the fracture location is ensured by selecting the best result from both forward and reverse judgments. Furthermore, considering the longitudinal extension of the fracture, a longitudinal judgment criterion is set based on the transverse judgment results to determine the longitudinal extension of the fracture. By combining transverse and longitudinal judgments, more accurate fracture detection results from measured data are ultimately achieved.

[0152] This specification also provides a computer device, which can be found in the following description. Figure 12The schematic diagram shown illustrates the computer device structure based on the fracture detection method provided in the embodiments of this specification. Specifically, the computer device may include an input device 121, a processor 122, and a memory 123. The memory 123 stores processor-executable instructions. When the processor 122 executes the instructions, it implements the steps of the fracture detection method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0153] In this embodiment, the input device can specifically be one of the main devices for information exchange between the user and the computer system. The input device may include a keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, light pen, handwriting input tablet, voice input device, etc.; the input device is used to input raw data and programs for processing these data into the computer. The input device can also receive data transmitted from other modules, units, and devices. The processor can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, etc. The memory can specifically be a memory device used to store information in modern information technology. The memory can include multiple layers; in digital systems, anything that can store binary data can be considered memory; in integrated circuits, a circuit without physical form but with storage function is also called memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc.; in a system, a storage device with physical form is also called memory, such as a memory stick, TF card, etc.

[0154] In this embodiment, the specific functions and effects implemented by the computer device can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0155] This specification also provides a computer storage medium based on a fracture detection method, wherein the computer storage medium stores computer program instructions that, when executed, implement the steps of the fracture detection method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0156] In this embodiment, the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), cache, hard disk drive (HDD), or memory card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be an interface configured according to standards specified in the communication protocol for network connection communication.

[0157] In this embodiment, the specific functions and effects implemented by the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium can be explained by comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0158] Obviously, those skilled in the art will understand that the modules or steps of the embodiments described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby storing them in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the embodiments of this specification are not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0159] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this specification should not be determined by reference to the above description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

[0160] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this specification and is not intended to limit this specification. Various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments described herein by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this specification.

Claims

1. A fracture detection method, characterized in that, include: Obtain the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume of the target area; extract multiple two-dimensional profiles from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume; calculate the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each of the multiple two-dimensional profiles; Using a preset lateral determination rule, the lateral fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined based on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile. Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, a longitudinal determination rule is constructed; using the longitudinal determination rule, the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined. Based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, the fracture detection results corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume are generated.

2. The fracture detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset lateral determination rule is constructed using the following method: Multiple modes are set based on the lateral distribution pattern of faults on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute; Set a corresponding fracture indicator factor value for each of the multiple modes.

3. The fracture detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using preset lateral determination rules, the lateral fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined based on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each profile, including: The length of the transverse sliding window is determined based on the horizontal displacement of the fracture in the target area. For each point among multiple points on each two-dimensional profile, the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal window is extracted by extending the horizontal sliding window to the left and right sides of each point, thereby obtaining the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile. Based on the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, determine the value of the transverse fracture indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile. Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor values ​​corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is obtained.

4. The fracture detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the first and second vectors corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section, the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional cross-section is determined, including: Calculate the gradients of the first vector and the second vector corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile to obtain the gradients of the first vector and the second vector. The first fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is obtained based on the absolute value of the sum of positive and negative values ​​contained in the first and second vector gradients. Based on whether the first vector gradient and the second vector gradient are all positive or all negative, the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is obtained. Based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined.

5. The fracture detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that, For each point among multiple points on each of the two-dimensional profiles, the inverse value of the seismic coherence attribute within the horizontal sliding window is extracted by extending the horizontal sliding window to the left and right sides of each point, including: Using the length of the horizontal sliding window, slide along each two-dimensional profile from left to right and from top to bottom, and extend to the left and right sides of each point to extract the inverse values ​​of the seismic coherence attributes within the horizontal window; Accordingly, based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the value of the first transverse fracture indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined.

6. The fracture detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Using the length of the horizontal sliding window, slide along each two-dimensional profile from right to left and from top to bottom, and extend to the left and right sides of each point to extract the inverse values ​​of the seismic coherence attributes within the horizontal window; Accordingly, based on the first fracture measure and the second fracture measure corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile, the value of the second transverse fracture indicator factor corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is determined. The method further includes: The larger of the first transverse fracture indicator factor value and the second transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile is taken as the transverse fracture indicator factor value corresponding to each point on each two-dimensional profile.

7. The fracture detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, a longitudinal determination rule is constructed, including: Based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile, the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area is determined. The length of the longitudinal sliding window is determined based on the longitudinal extension depth of the fracture in the target area. Based on the length of the vertical sliding window, a vertical determination rule is constructed.

8. The fracture detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Using the aforementioned longitudinal determination rule, the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile is determined, including: Using the length of the longitudinal sliding window, slide along each two-dimensional profile from top to bottom and from left to right. Each time you slide, extract the transverse fracture indicator factor data within the longitudinal window to obtain a longitudinal vector. Based on the number of non-zero elements in two adjacent longitudinal vectors, determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

9. A fracture detection device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume of the target area; Multiple two-dimensional profiles are extracted from the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume; Calculate the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each of the plurality of two-dimensional profiles; The first determining module is used to determine the transverse fault indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile based on the reciprocal of the seismic coherence attribute corresponding to each two-dimensional profile using a preset transverse determination rule. The second determining module is used to construct longitudinal determination rules based on the transverse fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile; and is also used to determine the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile using the longitudinal determination rules. The generation module is used to generate the fracture detection results corresponding to the three-dimensional seismic coherence attribute volume based on the longitudinal fracture indicator factor data corresponding to each two-dimensional profile.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions thereon, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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