Fabricated building integrated safety monitoring method based on BIM

Abstract

The invention discloses a prefabricated building integrated safety monitoring method based on BIM, and relates to the technical field of BIM, and the method comprises the steps: S1, building a BIM model and managing information of prefabricated parts; s2, safety assessment and simulation before construction; s3, real-time monitoring in the construction process; s4, performing quality safety evaluation after construction; the technical key points are as follows: in the construction hoisting process of the prefabricated part, the accurate control on the hoisting speed can be realized by monitoring the deviation angle of the prefabricated part in real time and dynamically adjusting the proportionality coefficient according to the deviation value by adopting a feedback control principle, so that the stability of the prefabricated part in the hoisting process is ensured; dynamic adaptability is achieved through proportion adjustment, the method is an effective means for guaranteeing hoisting safety, meanwhile, the problem that errors exist in the operation result of the structural analysis construction sub-model is solved, and the method can adapt to prefabricated parts in different environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of BIM, and in particular to an integrated safety monitoring method for assembled buildings based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] BIM or Building Information Modeling is a revolutionary technology that provides a new way of working for the design, construction and operation management of construction projects through digital means; Definition of BIM: BIM is a computer-based digital design and construction tool that helps architects, engineers and construction teams work together at different stages of a construction project by creating three-dimensional models and integrating various building information; Characteristics: BIM technology has eight major characteristics: information completeness, information relevance, information consistency, visualization, coordination, simulation, optimization and plottability.

[0003] The existing application number is 202310955730.6, and the document named A BIM-based prefabricated building PC component hoisting safety monitoring and early warning method points out: The steps of the present invention are: Step 1: Use BIM technology to establish a three-dimensional simulation PC component hoisting and installation plan construction animation; Step 2: Use BIM technology visualization to conduct three-dimensional visualization of PC component hoisting and installation plan; Step 3: During the PC component hoisting and installation process, technical, safety management personnel and operating personnel wear smart safety helmets to dynamically identify safety risks; Step 4: Use the law enforcement recorder to record the entire PC component hoisting and installation process, and through the real-time data transmission function, assist technical management personnel and safety management personnel to provide technical guidance on the installation process; Step 5: Experience summary and technology promotion; The present invention effectively reduces the difficulty of safety supervision and reduces safety risks, and at the same time facilitates the summary of construction experience, and has broad construction prospects and practical significance; However, it does not conduct comprehensive safety monitoring of the entire construction process.

[0004] In combination with the above documents and prior art:

[0005] In the case of traditional hoisting of prefabricated components, it is usually necessary to manually adjust the hoisting speed of the prefabricated components under the hoisting state according to actual conditions, such as the shape of the prefabricated components themselves, the center of gravity and the wind factors in the environment, so as to avoid problems caused by too fast or too slow. If the prefabricated components are offset at a large angle due to wind factors, and the hoisting is still carried out at the original speed, it is easy to deviate from the predetermined hoisting trajectory, which is easy to affect the subsequent construction safety; at the same time, after the prefabricated components are hoisted to the building to form a building structure, the building structure is usually inspected for safety. If potential risk points are found, reinforcement bars need to be hoisted for reinforcement or rectification. The demand for the required number of reinforcement bars can only be roughly estimated, and then the required reinforcement bars are hoisted to the specified position through the hoisting equipment. If the required number of reinforcement bars is too small, it is necessary to continue to allocate, which wastes resources and is not conducive to the smooth progress of the entire construction project. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings based on BIM, which solves the problems raised in the background technology.

[0008] (II) Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The integrated safety monitoring method of prefabricated buildings based on BIM includes the following steps:

[0011] Use BIM technology to create a three-dimensional model of the prefabricated building, including the component information of all prefabricated components; uniquely encode the prefabricated components and establish a component information library; the component information includes size, type, load and mass;

[0012] Conduct safety assessments on BIM models before construction, including structural stability, lifting paths, and supporting structures; use the simulation function of BIM models to simulate construction, including transportation, lifting, and installation of prefabricated components, identify potential construction conflicts and safety hazards, and make adjustments and optimizations;

[0013] When the prefabricated components are being hoisted, the mass of the corresponding prefabricated components is retrieved from the component information database, and combined with the obtained comprehensive parameters, the structural analysis and construction sub-model built in the BIM model is triggered to generate an estimated hoisting speed;

[0014] When the offset angle of the prefabricated component is detected to exceed the preset safe offset angle range, the adjustment mechanism is triggered; after the adjustment mechanism is triggered, the hoisting speed is changed. If the offset angle of the prefabricated component is still detected to exceed the preset safe offset angle range, an early warning signal is issued; when the offset angle of the prefabricated component is detected to be within the preset safe offset angle range, no response action is taken;

[0015] After the construction of several prefabricated components on the same floor is completed, the building structure is obtained. The simulation function of the BIM model is used to simulate the building structure under different working conditions and calculate the evaluation data. A rule engine is built to compare the evaluation data with the preset limit value group, analyze and identify the potential risk points of the building structure, and use GIS software to obtain the potential risk concentration area of ​​the corresponding building structure on the two-dimensional plane, and execute the component retrieval strategy for the potential risk concentration area.

[0016] Furthermore, the adopted BIM technology relies on BIM software, including Revit and AutoCAD.

[0017] Further, structural stability assessment: extract component information through BIM model, import it into structural analysis software for calculation, and use the visualization function of BIM model to display the structural analysis results;

[0018] Lifting path assessment: simulate the lifting path in the BIM model, monitor whether there are safety hazards during the lifting process, including collision and interference, and adjust the lifting path until there are no safety hazards;

[0019] Support structure assessment: Use the BIM model to extract component information of prefabricated components used as supports, and perform mechanical analysis and calculations. Simulate various working conditions during the construction process in the BIM model, including concrete pouring and load increase, and monitor the response of prefabricated components used as supports.

[0020] Furthermore, the process of adjustment and optimization is as follows: according to the content identified in the simulation results, combined with the actual situation and the corresponding expert opinions in the expert database, the construction plan is adjusted and optimized accordingly; wherein, the expert database pre-stores several simulation result types and corresponding optimization plans.

[0021] Furthermore, the comprehensive parameters include real-time wind speed, wind force and vertical contact area of ​​corresponding prefabricated components.

[0022] Furthermore, the quality and comprehensive parameters of prefabricated components are transmitted to the BIM model in real time through wireless communication technology;

[0023] When running the structural analysis construction sub-model to generate a real-time estimate of the lifting speed, the formula is based on:

[0024]

[0025] Where Vr0 represents the real-time estimated lifting speed, k0 represents the initial proportional coefficient, and its value range is [0, 1], m represents the mass of the corresponding prefabricated component, ρ represents the air density, v represents the real-time wind speed, and A represents the vertical contact area between the wind force and the corresponding prefabricated component.

[0026] Furthermore, the preset safety deviation angle range is expressed as [θ mim ,θ max ]; where θ mim The value of is 0;

[0027] The process of running the adjustment mechanism is as follows:

[0028] Calculate the adjustment factor: When the real-time offset angle θ of the corresponding prefabricated component is monitored to exceed the safe offset angle range, calculate the adjustment factor α according to the deviation of the offset angle. The formula is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, θ safe Indicates the reference value of the safety deviation angle, which is taken as the boundary value, i.e. θ safe =θ max ;

[0031] Adjust the initial scale factor: Use the adjustment factor α to adjust the k0 value:

[0032] k1=k0*α;

[0033] In the formula, k1 represents the adjusted proportional coefficient;

[0034] Substitute the new k1 value into the structural analysis construction sub-model and recalculate the estimated lifting speed;

[0035] Implement adjustments: adjust the operation of the lifting equipment according to the new estimated lifting speed, continue to monitor the offset angle, and choose whether to repeat the process of running the adjustment mechanism based on whether the adjustment mechanism is triggered.

[0036] Furthermore, the evaluation data include stress, displacement, and deformation;

[0037] The comparison of the evaluation data with the preset limit value set occurs as follows:

[0038] Calculate whether the stress obtained by simulation exceeds the limit of stress to determine whether the stress is too large, indicating stress concentration; check whether the displacement obtained by simulation exceeds the limit of displacement to determine whether the displacement is too large; analyze the deformation of the structure under the simulated working condition to determine whether it exceeds the limit of deformation to determine whether the deformation is too large, indicating abnormal deformation;

[0039] Among them, the locations where stress, displacement and deformation exceed the corresponding limit values ​​are marked as potential risk points.

[0040] Furthermore, the component retrieval strategy is as follows: continue to hoist reinforcement bars to the potential risk concentration area, and the number of reinforcement bars is calculated based on the actual area of ​​the potential risk concentration area and the set reinforcement bar density per unit area, and the formula is established: N = Ma*D; where N represents the number of reinforcement bars, Ma represents the actual area of ​​the potential risk concentration area, and D represents the reinforcement bar density per unit area;

[0041] Under the condition that the lifting equipment is lifting the reinforcement, the real-time lifting speed estimation of the lifting equipment is based on the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, mt represents the mass of the required lifting reinforcement.

[0044] (III) Beneficial effects

[0045] The present invention provides an integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings based on BIM, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] (1) This solution promotes the digital transformation and upgrading of the prefabricated building industry by providing accurate and comprehensive building information to support decision-making and management at all stages, including design, production, and construction. The unique coding system ensures the traceability and management efficiency of prefabricated components. Through the component information database, component information can be easily queried and updated, providing accurate data support for production, transportation, and installation.

[0047] (2) This solution can effectively discover and solve potential safety hazards and conflicts before construction through the safety assessment and simulation of the BIM model before construction. During the construction and hoisting process of prefabricated components, the feedback control principle is adopted to monitor the offset angle of the prefabricated components in real time and dynamically adjust the proportional coefficient according to the deviation. This can achieve precise control of the hoisting speed, thereby ensuring the stability of the prefabricated components during the hoisting process. Dynamic adaptability is achieved through proportional adjustment, which is an effective means to ensure hoisting safety. At the same time, it also solves the problem of errors in the operation results of the structural analysis construction sub-model and can adapt to prefabricated components in different environments.

[0048] (3) This solution uses the BIM model to simulate the stress, displacement and deformation of the building structure under different working conditions, which can accurately evaluate the safety performance of the structure and promptly identify potential risk points. By comparing and analyzing the simulation data with the design limits, it ensures that the structure meets safety requirements and reduces the risk of structural failure.

[0049] At the same time, through the simulation function of the BIM model, potential risk points can be identified in advance, providing a basis for the adjustment and optimization of the construction plan, reducing rework and modification during the construction process; according to the area of ​​the potential risk concentration area and the density of reinforcement per unit area, the number of reinforcements required can be accurately calculated to avoid waste of resources;

[0050] In summary, the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solutions not only improves the safety of the building structure, but also optimizes resource allocation, improves construction efficiency, enhances decision-making support, and promotes the digital transformation of the prefabricated building industry. These beneficial effects together provide a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of the project and the improvement of building quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the overall steps of the integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings based on BIM in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an actual scene when hoisting prefabricated components in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated components and the corresponding wind directions in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] See also Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides an integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings based on BIM. The monitoring method can perform safety monitoring at each stage before, during and after construction, assemble the prefabricated components to be hoisted, and perform monitoring and processing at the same time. If an abnormality or problem is found at any stage, it can be processed in time;

[0056] The specific steps of this monitoring method are as follows:

[0057] S1. BIM model construction and prefabricated component information management:

[0058] BIM model construction:

[0059] Use BIM technology to create a 3D model of the prefabricated building, including the component information of all prefabricated components, which at least includes size, type, load and mass; ensure that the BIM model can accurately reflect the real structure and component information of the building;

[0060] Among them, BIM technology relies on BIM software (such as Revit, AutoCAD, SketchUp with BIM plug-ins, etc.);

[0061] The 3D model is not only a visual representation, but also contains detailed data of all building elements (such as walls, beams, columns, prefabricated components, etc.); in the 3D model, each prefabricated component is accurately drawn, including its size (length, width, height), type (such as prefabricated wall panels, prefabricated stairs, prefabricated beams, etc.), load capacity (load-bearing, wind resistance, earthquake resistance, etc.) and its own mass, and its connection method with other components;

[0062] Ensure the accuracy of the information in the BIM model by comparing it with the architectural design drawings, specifications and technical standards; use the verification tools of the BIM software to check the geometric relationships and collision detection in the model to avoid design errors and potential conflicts in construction;

[0063] In addition, it also involves model updating and maintenance:

[0064] As the design progresses and changes, the BIM model needs to be continuously updated to reflect the latest design status;

[0065] Establish a version control mechanism to record the content and time of each model modification to facilitate tracking and backtracking;

[0066] Prefabricated component information management:

[0067] Uniquely encode prefabricated components and establish a detailed component information database, including the component information of each prefabricated component; use the collaborative design function of the BIM model to achieve information sharing and real-time updating between different disciplines and units;

[0068] Among them, unique coding means: a unique code is assigned to each prefabricated component, and this code is the unique identity of the prefabricated component in the entire construction project; the code can contain information such as the type, location, and production date of the prefabricated component, that is, the component information can be included in the code, which is convenient for subsequent tracking and management;

[0069] Component information library establishment:

[0070] Create a detailed component information library to record the component information of each precast component, such as size, load, material (such as concrete, steel, etc.), production process (such as casting, maintenance, transportation, etc.); the information library can be a spreadsheet, database or a specific function in BIM software to ensure the queryability and updateability of the information;

[0071] Collaborative design and information sharing:

[0072] By utilizing the collaborative design function of the BIM model, designers from different disciplines (such as architecture, structure, electromechanical, etc.) can work on the same model to achieve real-time sharing and updating of design information. Through the BIM platform or cloud service, design units can easily transmit and receive model data to ensure that all participants can obtain the latest design information. When the design of a prefabricated component changes, the BIM model will automatically update and notify all relevant parties to ensure synchronization and consistency of information.

[0073] Real-time updates and feedback:

[0074] In addition, even during the production process, the actual information of prefabricated components (such as production progress, quality inspection results, etc.) should be fed back to the BIM model in a timely manner so as to be compared and verified with the design information; through the BIM model, the whole process of prefabricated component production, transportation, installation, etc. can be tracked and managed, thus improving the overall efficiency and quality control level of the project;

[0075] In summary, BIM model construction and prefabricated component information management are indispensable links in prefabricated building projects; they support decision-making and management in various stages such as design, production, and construction by providing accurate and comprehensive building information, thereby promoting the digital transformation and upgrading of the prefabricated building industry; the unique coding system ensures the traceability and management efficiency of prefabricated components, and the component information database can be easily queried and updated, providing accurate data support for production, transportation, and installation.

[0076] S2. Safety assessment and simulation before construction:

[0077] Safety assessment: Conduct safety assessment on the BIM model before construction, including structural stability, hoisting path and supporting structure; use the simulation function of the BIM model to predict possible safety risks during the construction process; Construction simulation: Use BIM technology to simulate the construction process, including the transportation, hoisting and installation of prefabricated components; discover potential construction conflicts and safety hazards through simulation, and make timely adjustments and optimizations;

[0078] In the pre-construction preparation stage, safety assessment and simulation are crucial steps, which help to ensure the smooth progress of the construction process and the safety of construction workers;

[0079] The following are specific instructions for safety assessment and simulation of BIM models before construction:

[0080] Security Assessment

[0081] 1. Structural stability assessment

[0082] Purpose of assessment: To ensure the overall stability and safety of the building structure;

[0083] Assessment content: Using BIM models and structural analysis software, conduct a detailed analysis of the bearing capacity and deformation of the building structure, focusing on key structural parts such as beam-column joints and foundations;

[0084] Evaluation method: Extract structural information (i.e. component information) through the BIM model and import it into the structural analysis software for calculation. At the same time, use the visualization function of the BIM model to intuitively display the structural analysis results for easy understanding and communication;

[0085] 2. Lifting path assessment

[0086] Purpose of assessment: To ensure the safety and efficiency of prefabricated components during the hoisting process;

[0087] Evaluation content: Plan a reasonable lifting path based on the size, weight and location information of the prefabricated components in the BIM model; consider the selection of lifting equipment, the choice of lifting points and the stability during the lifting process;

[0088] Evaluation method: Simulate the lifting path in the BIM model to observe whether there are any safety hazards such as collision and interference during the lifting process; at the same time, optimize and adjust the lifting path based on the actual situation on site.

[0089] 3. Support structure assessment

[0090] Assessment purpose: To ensure that temporary support structures during construction can meet safety requirements;

[0091] Assessment content: Design, check and verify the support structure in the BIM model, taking into account the stability, bearing capacity and deformation of the support structure;

[0092] Evaluation method: Use the BIM model to extract support structure information and conduct mechanical analysis and calculations. Simulate various working conditions during the construction process in the model, such as concrete pouring and load increase, to observe the response of the support structure.

[0093] 4. Predict construction safety risks

[0094] Prediction purpose: To discover possible safety risks in the construction process in advance and formulate corresponding preventive measures;

[0095] Prediction content: Combined with the simulation function of the BIM model, safety risk assessment is conducted on each link in the construction process, including high-altitude operations, mechanical operation, temporary electricity use, fire safety, etc.

[0096] Prediction method: Simulate the construction process in the BIM model to observe whether there are safety hazards in each link. At the same time, combine historical data to identify and evaluate potential safety risks;

[0097] Construction simulation

[0098] 1. Construction process simulation

[0099] Simulation purpose: to discover potential construction conflicts and safety hazards in advance by simulating the construction process;

[0100] Simulation content: including transportation, hoisting, installation and other links of prefabricated components; considering factors such as construction sequence, construction methods, and construction resources;

[0101] Simulation method: Use the simulation function of BIM software to dynamically simulate the construction process, observe whether there are safety hazards such as collision and interference in each link, and whether the construction resources meet the requirements;

[0102] 2. Discovery of potential conflicts and safety risks

[0103] Discovery purpose: timely discover potential safety hazards in the construction process to avoid problems in actual construction;

[0104] Findings: By simulating the construction process, we observed whether there were any problems such as construction conflicts, space limitations, and safety hazards in each link;

[0105] Discovery method: Combine the visualization and simulation functions of the BIM model to carefully observe and analyze the construction process; at the same time, use the collision detection and other functions of the BIM software to automatically identify and mark potential conflicts and safety hazards;

[0106] 3. Adjustment and optimization

[0107] Adjustment purpose: According to the simulation results, adjust and optimize the construction plan to ensure the smooth progress of the construction process;

[0108] Adjustment content: including adjustments to construction sequence, construction methods, construction resources, etc.;

[0109] Adjustment method: According to the problems and hidden dangers found in the simulation results, combined with the actual situation and the corresponding expert opinions in the expert database, the construction plan is adjusted and optimized accordingly; at the same time, the editability of the BIM model is used to update and modify the relevant information in the model in a timely manner;

[0110] In summary, through the safety assessment and simulation of the BIM model before construction, it is possible to effectively discover and solve the potential safety hazards and conflicts before construction, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of the construction process.

[0111] S3. Real-time monitoring during construction:

[0112] When the prefabricated components are being hoisted, the quality of the corresponding prefabricated components is retrieved from the component information database, and combined with the obtained comprehensive parameters, the structural analysis and construction sub-model built in the BIM model is triggered to generate a real-time estimated hoisting speed value, and the hoisting equipment is automatically adjusted according to the estimated hoisting speed value;

[0113] When the offset angle of the prefabricated component is detected to exceed the preset safe offset angle range, the adjustment mechanism is triggered; after the adjustment mechanism is triggered, the real-time hoisting speed is changed. If the offset angle of the prefabricated component is still detected to exceed the preset safe offset angle range, an early warning signal is issued to control the corresponding hoisting equipment to stop working;

[0114] When the prefabricated component's offset angle is detected to be within the preset safe offset angle range, no response action is taken and the original hoisting speed is maintained;

[0115] Among them, the comprehensive parameters include real-time wind speed, wind force and vertical contact area of ​​corresponding prefabricated components;

[0116] The acquisition of comprehensive parameters requires the deployment of sensors: sensors such as GPS positioning system, angle sensor, tension sensor and wind speed and direction sensor are deployed at key locations on the construction site (i.e. corresponding to the hoisting parts on the hoisting equipment); the sensors monitor in real time the transportation status of the prefabricated components, the angle formed with the vertical line (the line perpendicular to the installation ground), the tension generated by the hoisting cables, and the wind speed and direction of the environment where the prefabricated components are located;

[0117] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the size information of the corresponding prefabricated component in the component information database is retrieved to obtain the width w and height h of the corresponding prefabricated component; then, the projection area of ​​the side surface is calculated according to the angle between the wind direction and the side surface of the corresponding prefabricated component; if the angle is small, it can be approximately considered that the contact area A is equal to the side area, that is, A = w × h; if the angle is large, the projection area needs to be calculated using trigonometric functions; the vertical contact area A of the wind acting on the component is accurately calculated by combining the component size and wind direction data using software algorithms; this method is simple and efficient and is suitable for wind force analysis of prefabricated components under various wind direction conditions;

[0118] The quality and comprehensive parameters of prefabricated components are transmitted to the BIM model in real time through wireless communication technology;

[0119] When running the Structural Analysis Construction submodel to generate a real-time lifting speed estimate, the formula used is:

[0120]

[0121] Wherein, Vr0 represents the estimated value of the real-time hoisting speed, k0 represents the initial proportional coefficient, and its value range is [0, 1]. Its specific value is set according to actual needs. Usually, the initial setting value is 0.3, m represents the mass of the corresponding prefabricated component, ρ represents the air density, v represents the real-time wind speed, and A represents the vertical contact area between the wind force and the corresponding prefabricated component;

[0122] It should be noted that:

[0123] When adjusting the hoisting speed by considering the wind speed, wind force, the vertical contact area of ​​the corresponding prefabricated component, and the mass of the prefabricated component, a formula for estimating the hoisting speed can be derived based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium in physics;

[0124] Here is a simplified formula and its logic:

[0125] Formula derivation

[0126] First, we consider the main forces on prefabricated components during the hoisting process:

[0127] Gravity: Fg = mg, where m is the mass of the precast component and g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0128] Wind force: Wind force can be expressed as Fw = 1 / 2*ρv2CdA, where ρ is air density, v is wind speed, Cd is drag coefficient (related to the shape of prefabricated component), and A is the vertical contact area between wind force and corresponding prefabricated component;

[0129] In order to ensure the stability of prefabricated components during the hoisting process, we need to ensure a dynamic balance between the moment generated by wind and the stabilizing moment generated by gravity; however, directly calculating the moment balance may be complicated, so we can simplify the problem and indirectly control this balance by adjusting the hoisting speed;

[0130] Assuming the hoisting speed is Vr0, we can assume that the adjustment of the hoisting speed should be inversely proportional to the force generated by the wind and proportional to the mass of the prefabricated component, while considering the influence of the contact area. Based on this consideration, the formula running in the structural analysis construction submodel is proposed;

[0131] Logical description

[0132] Inversely proportional to wind force: the greater the wind force, the slower the hoisting speed should be in order to maintain stability and reduce the impact of wind force on components; directly proportional to the mass of prefabricated components: the greater the mass of the component, the better its stability, so it can be hoisted relatively quickly; consider the vertical contact area between wind force and the corresponding prefabricated component: the larger the contact area, the greater the impact of wind force on prefabricated components, so the hoisting speed should be slowed down accordingly;

[0133] In summary, after the safety assessment and simulation before construction and targeted adjustments, the interference of controllable factors, such as abnormal installation position of hoisting equipment, etc., was eliminated. The impact of environmental factors is an uncontrollable factor. By adjusting the hoisting speed, the dynamic stability of prefabricated components during the hoisting process can be indirectly controlled; when the wind force increases or the contact area increases, reducing the hoisting speed can reduce the instantaneous impact of the wind on the components, thereby maintaining the stability of the prefabricated components; similarly, when the mass of the prefabricated components is large, appropriately increasing the hoisting speed will not have much impact on the stability;

[0134] The preset safety deviation angle range is expressed as [θ mim ,θ max ]; usually θ mim The value of is 0;

[0135] The process of running the adjustment mechanism is as follows:

[0136] Calculate the adjustment factor: When the real-time offset angle θ of the corresponding prefabricated component is monitored to exceed the safe offset angle range (i.e., the safety range), calculate the adjustment factor α according to the deviation of the offset angle. The formula is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] In the formula, θ safe Indicates the reference value of the safety deviation angle, which is taken as the boundary value, usually θ safe =θ max ;

[0139] Adjust the initial scale factor: Use the adjustment factor α to adjust the k0 value:

[0140] k1=k0*α;

[0141] In the formula, k1 represents the adjusted proportional coefficient;

[0142] Substitute the new k1 value into the structural analysis construction sub-model and recalculate the estimated lifting speed;

[0143] Implement adjustments: Adjust the operation of the lifting equipment according to the new lifting speed estimate, continue to monitor the deviation angle, and repeat the above adjustment process as needed;

[0144] It should be noted that by adopting the feedback control principle and real-time monitoring of the offset angle, we can obtain feedback information about the current hoisting status; the proportional coefficient is adjusted according to the feedback information to achieve closed-loop control of the hoisting speed; the calculation of the adjustment factor is based on the deviation of the offset angle, ensuring that the adjustment amount is proportional to the deviation. This proportional adjustment method helps to quickly and stably control the offset angle within a safe range; by dynamically adjusting the proportional coefficient, we can adapt to different wind conditions, component mass and contact area changes; this improves the flexibility and safety of the hoisting process;

[0145] In summary, by real-time monitoring of the offset angle of prefabricated components and dynamically adjusting the proportional coefficient according to the deviation, we can achieve precise control of the lifting speed, thereby ensuring the stability of the prefabricated components during the lifting process. This method is based on the feedback control principle and achieves dynamic adaptability through proportional adjustment. It is an effective means to ensure lifting safety. At the same time, it also solves the problem of errors in the operation results of the structural analysis construction sub-model and can adapt to prefabricated components in different environments.

[0146] S4. Quality and safety assessment after construction:

[0147] After the construction of several prefabricated components on the same floor is completed, the building structure is obtained. The simulation function of the BIM model is used to simulate the building structure under different working conditions, and the evaluation data including stress, displacement and deformation are calculated. The rule engine is constructed to compare the evaluation data with the preset limit value group, analyze and identify the potential risk points of the building structure, and use GIS software to obtain the potential risk concentration area of ​​the corresponding building structure on the two-dimensional plane. The component retrieval strategy is implemented for the potential risk concentration area, and the reinforcement ribs are continued to be hoisted to the potential risk concentration area to change the form structure or adjust the structural layout;

[0148] Among them, during the simulation process, the BIM (Building Information Model) model provides a scientific basis for evaluating the safety performance of the structure by calculating the stress, displacement, and deformation data of the building structure under different working conditions. This process usually involves multiple steps and considerations. The following is a specific explanation of how to evaluate the safety performance of the structure based on the calculation results:

[0149] Data collection and compilation:

[0150] During the simulation process, the BIM model generates a large amount of data, including stress distribution, displacement, and deformation mode of the building structure. These data need to be collected and organized in a structured and analyzable form for subsequent safety performance evaluation.

[0151] Comparative analysis:

[0152] Comparison with design specifications: Compare the simulated stress, displacement, deformation and other data with the limits in the design specifications. The design specifications (i.e., the preset limit groups) usually stipulate the maximum allowable stress, displacement and deformation of the structure under different working conditions. Comparison with similar projects: If possible, the simulation results can also be compared with the actual monitoring data of similar projects to further verify the accuracy of the simulation results.

[0153] Safety performance evaluation indicators:

[0154] Stress assessment: calculate whether the stress value obtained by simulation exceeds the stress limit to determine whether the stress is too large, indicating stress concentration; displacement assessment: check whether the displacement obtained by simulation exceeds the displacement limit to determine whether the displacement is too large; deformation analysis: analyze the deformation of the structure under the simulated working conditions to determine whether it exceeds the deformation limit to determine whether the deformation is too large, indicating abnormal deformation;

[0155] Risk point identification:

[0156] Identify potential risk points of stress concentration, excessive displacement and abnormal deformation in the simulation results, and use GIS software to obtain the potential risk concentration area of ​​the corresponding building structure on the two-dimensional plane, that is, the area with more potential risk points;

[0157] Optimization suggestions:

[0158] For potential risk concentration areas, corresponding optimization suggestions are put forward; for example, for potential risk concentration areas formed by stress concentration, it is possible to consider adding reinforcement ribs or changing the structural form; for potential risk concentration areas formed by excessive displacement or abnormal deformation, it is possible to strengthen the structural layout or strengthen the connection points;

[0159] It should be noted that BIM software provides a series of analysis tools, such as structural analysis, wind load analysis, and seismic response analysis; through these tools, different working conditions, such as strong winds and earthquakes, can be simulated in the model;

[0160] The number of reinforcements is linked to the area of ​​potential risk concentration areas;

[0161] According to the actual area of ​​the potential risk concentration area and the set reinforcement density per unit area, the formula is established: N = Ma * D; where N represents the number of reinforcements, Ma represents the actual area of ​​the potential risk concentration area, and D represents the reinforcement density per unit area;

[0162] It should be noted that D is an empirical value or design parameter, which indicates the number of reinforcement bars required per square meter. This value can be set according to factors such as the structure type, risk level, and material strength. For example, for high-risk areas, a higher reinforcement bar density can be set to ensure structural safety. In this embodiment, the value of D is 0.5.

[0163] Assuming that the area of ​​the potential risk concentration area is 100 square meters, and the density of reinforcement ribs per unit area is set to 0.5 ribs / square meter, the estimated number of reinforcement ribs required is:

[0164] N = 100 square meters × 0.5 root / square meter = 50 roots;

[0165] The hoisting speed is also based on the structural analysis construction sub-model, but there is no need to consider the vertical contact area between the wind force and the corresponding prefabricated component, because the area occupied by the reinforcement is small and is not easily affected by the wind speed;

[0166] Therefore, for the work of lifting reinforcement, the real-time lifting speed estimation of the lifting equipment can be based on the following formula:

[0167]

[0168] In the formula, mt represents the mass of the required lifting reinforcement.

[0169] Specifically, using BIM models to simulate the stress, displacement and deformation of building structures under different working conditions can accurately evaluate the safety performance of the structure, timely discover potential risk points, and ensure that the structure meets safety requirements and reduces the risk of structural failure by comparing and analyzing simulation data with design specifications. At the same time, through the simulation function of the BIM model, potential risk points can be identified in advance, providing a basis for the adjustment and optimization of the construction plan and reducing rework and modification during the construction process. According to the area of ​​the potential risk concentration area and the density of reinforcement per unit area, the number of reinforcements required can be accurately calculated to avoid waste of resources.

[0170] In summary, the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solutions not only improves the safety of the building structure, but also optimizes resource allocation, improves construction efficiency, enhances decision-making support, and promotes the digital transformation of the prefabricated building industry. These beneficial effects together provide a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of the project and the improvement of building quality.

[0171] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. A person of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in electronic hardware, or in a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0172] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0173] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings based on BIM is characterized by: The steps include: Use BIM technology to create a three-dimensional model of the prefabricated building, including the component information of all prefabricated components; uniquely encode the prefabricated components and establish a component information library; the component information includes size, type, load and mass; Conduct safety assessments on BIM models before construction, including structural stability, lifting paths, and supporting structures; use the simulation function of BIM models to simulate construction, including transportation, lifting, and installation of prefabricated components, identify potential construction conflicts and safety hazards, and make adjustments and optimizations; When the prefabricated components are being hoisted, the mass of the corresponding prefabricated components is retrieved from the component information database, and combined with the obtained comprehensive parameters, the structural analysis and construction sub-model built in the BIM model is triggered to generate an estimated hoisting speed; When the offset angle of the prefabricated component is detected to exceed the preset safe offset angle range, the adjustment mechanism is triggered; after the adjustment mechanism is triggered, the hoisting speed is changed. If the offset angle of the prefabricated component is still detected to exceed the preset safe offset angle range, an early warning signal is issued; when the offset angle of the prefabricated component is detected to be within the preset safe offset angle range, no response action is taken; After the construction of several prefabricated components on the same floor is completed, the building structure is obtained. The simulation function of the BIM model is used to simulate the building structure under different working conditions and calculate the evaluation data. A rule engine is built to compare the evaluation data with the preset limit value group, analyze and identify the potential risk points of the building structure, and use GIS software to obtain the potential risk concentration area of ​​the corresponding building structure on the two-dimensional plane, and execute the component retrieval strategy for the potential risk concentration area.

2. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM technology used relies on BIM software, including Revit and AutoCAD.

3. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Structural stability assessment: extract component information through the BIM model, import it into the structural analysis software for calculation, and use the visualization function of the BIM model to display the structural analysis results; Lifting path assessment: simulate the lifting path in the BIM model, monitor whether there are safety hazards during the lifting process, including collision and interference, and adjust the lifting path until there are no safety hazards; Support structure assessment: Use the BIM model to extract component information of prefabricated components used as supports, and perform mechanical analysis and calculations. Simulate various working conditions during the construction process in the BIM model, including concrete pouring and load increase, and monitor the response of prefabricated components used as supports.

4. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The process of adjustment and optimization is: according to the content identified in the simulation results, combined with the actual situation and the corresponding expert opinions in the expert database, the construction plan is adjusted and optimized accordingly; among which, the expert database pre-stores several simulation result types and corresponding optimization plans.

5. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The comprehensive parameters include real-time wind speed, wind force and the vertical contact area of ​​the corresponding prefabricated components.

6. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The quality and comprehensive parameters of prefabricated components are transmitted to the BIM model in real time through wireless communication technology; When running the structural analysis construction sub-model to generate a real-time estimate of the lifting speed, the formula is based on: Where Vr0 represents the real-time estimated lifting speed, k0 represents the initial proportional coefficient, and its value range is [0, 1], m represents the mass of the corresponding prefabricated component, ρ represents the air density, v represents the real-time wind speed, and A represents the vertical contact area between the wind force and the corresponding prefabricated component.

7. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The preset safety deviation angle range is expressed as [θ mim ,θ max ]; where θ mim The value of is 0; The process of running the adjustment mechanism is as follows: Calculate the adjustment factor: When the real-time offset angle θ of the corresponding prefabricated component is monitored to exceed the safe offset angle range, calculate the adjustment factor α according to the deviation of the offset angle. The formula is as follows: In the formula, θ safe Indicates the reference value of the safety deviation angle, which is taken as the boundary value, i.e. θ safe =θ max ; Adjust the initial scale factor: Use the adjustment factor α to adjust the k0 value: k1=k0*α; In the formula, k1 represents the adjusted proportional coefficient; Substitute the new k1 value into the structural analysis construction sub-model and recalculate the estimated lifting speed; Implement adjustments: adjust the operation of the lifting equipment according to the new estimated lifting speed, continue to monitor the offset angle, and choose whether to repeat the process of running the adjustment mechanism based on whether the adjustment mechanism is triggered.

8. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Evaluation data include stress, displacement and deformation; The comparison of the evaluation data with the preset limit value set occurs as follows: Calculate whether the stress obtained by simulation exceeds the limit of stress to determine whether the stress is too large, indicating stress concentration; check whether the displacement obtained by simulation exceeds the limit of displacement to determine whether the displacement is too large; Analyze the deformation of the structure under simulated working conditions to see if it exceeds the deformation limit, so as to determine whether the deformation is too large, indicating abnormal deformation; Among them, the locations where stress, displacement and deformation exceed the corresponding limit values ​​are marked as potential risk points.

9. The BIM-based integrated safety monitoring method for prefabricated buildings according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The content of the component retrieval strategy is: continue to hoist the reinforcement bars to the potential risk concentration area, and the number of reinforcement bars is calculated based on the actual area of ​​the potential risk concentration area and the set reinforcement bar density per unit area, and the formula is established: N = Ma*D; where N represents the number of reinforcement bars, Ma represents the actual area of ​​the potential risk concentration area, and D represents the reinforcement bar density per unit area; Under the condition that the lifting equipment is lifting the reinforcement, the real-time lifting speed estimation of the lifting equipment is based on the following formula: In the formula, mt represents the mass of the required lifting reinforcement.

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