Three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film and preparation method of three-dimensional moisture generator

Abstract

The invention relates to a vermiculite nanosheet film-based three-dimensional moisture generator and a preparation method thereof, the vermiculite nanosheet film-based three-dimensional moisture generator comprises a support, a bottom positive electrode, a functional layer, a bottom negative electrode and a solution pool, the support is successively coated with a positive electrode slurry and a functional mixture, the functional mixture comprises a vermiculite slurry and an adhesive, and a part of the functional layer is wiped to expose the bottom positive electrode. A middle interlayer positive electrode and a middle interlayer negative electrode are embedded into the solution tank, and a moisture absorption mixture is injected into the solution tank and comprises a polymer electrolyte and a fixing agent; the electrode extends out of the solution tank, the bottom positive electrode is close to the middle interlayer positive electrode, the bottom negative electrode is close to the middle interlayer negative electrode, the bottom positive electrode and the bottom negative electrode are oppositely arranged, and the middle interlayer positive electrode and the middle interlayer negative electrode intersect with the bottom positive electrode and the bottom negative electrode. Compared with the prior art, the non-flowing stable moisture absorption layer is formed, and use is more convenient; energy can be fully used, the mutual charging and discharging process is completed, and the recovery speed is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wet gas power generation, and relates to a three-dimensional wet gas generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, human demand for energy is growing, while the reserves of traditional non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels are limited, and they will cause a lot of environmental pollution during use. Therefore, the development of new renewable energy has become one of the hot spots of current research. Among them, wet gas power generation is a new type of energy conversion technology, which uses moisture in the environment (such as water vapor) as energy and converts it into electrical energy through specific materials and devices. This technology has the advantages of environmental protection, renewable, high energy density, etc., and has broad application prospects.

[0003] Existing wet gas power generation technology mainly uses special materials to absorb and convert the chemical potential energy in wet gas into electrical energy. However, the existing wet gas power generation technology has the following major problems: first, the wet gas generator has low energy and is difficult to recover after releasing energy; second, the power generation efficiency of the wet gas generator is greatly affected by the ambient humidity, and it is difficult to fix it in liquid form, which limits its application in real life; third, the wet gas generator has poor stability, is prone to open circuit, short circuit, material aging, etc., and has high maintenance costs; finally, the wet gas generator preparation process is complicated and costly, which is not conducive to large-scale production and application.

[0004] Patent CN117578911A discloses a moisture power generation device based on vermiculite nanosheet film and a preparation method thereof, wherein the moisture power generation device comprises a bottom electrode, a functional layer, a hygroscopic layer and a top electrode, wherein the functional layer is covered by the hygroscopic layer and the bottom electrode respectively; the functional layer adopts the vermiculite nanosheet film, and the hygroscopic layer adopts a polymer electrolyte; the method comprises: attaching the vermiculite nanosheet film to the bottom electrode after hydrophilic treatment to obtain the functional layer; drop-coating the polymer electrolyte solution on the functional layer, and obtaining the hygroscopic layer after drying; and pasting the top electrode on the hygroscopic layer to obtain the moisture power generation device based on the vermiculite nanosheet film.

[0005] The patent has the following problems:

[0006] This patent adopts a thin film process, which is difficult to prepare and easy to break;

[0007] This patent uses a separate vermiculite nano-functional layer, which has a low electrical energy conversion rate;

[0008] This patent has a planar structure, has little energy storage, and is difficult to process in series and parallel;

[0009] The power recovery of this patent is completely dependent on the natural environment and the speed is slow.

[0010] Patent CN118944489A discloses a moisture power generation device based on vermiculite nanosheet film and a preparation method thereof, wherein the moisture power generation device comprises a functional layer, a hygroscopic layer and a top electrode, wherein the functional layer comprises a bottom electrode and a light-emitting sublayer; the bottom electrode adopts a carrier coated with a conductive sublayer, the light-emitting sublayer adopts a vermiculite nanosheet film printed on the conductive sublayer, a portion of the light-emitting sublayer on the bottom electrode is wiped off so that the conductive sublayer is exposed as an electrode, the hygroscopic layer adopts a carrier impregnated with a polymer electrolyte placed on the light-emitting sublayer, the top electrode is placed on the hygroscopic layer, and the hygroscopic layer and the top electrode are narrower than the functional layer so that the functional layer is exposed.

[0011] The patent has the following problems:

[0012] The patent uses silver-plated steel strips and carbon as electrodes, which slows down the corrosion rate, but cannot completely avoid corrosion. After one week of uninterrupted use at 80% humidity, the coating falls off and the internal steel strips are corroded. When the coating corrodes, the high current and voltage involve metal oxidation-reduction phenomena, forming chemical battery corrosion materials. Therefore, when the coating is completely corroded, the patent component is scrapped and cannot be restored.

[0013] The functional layer and hygroscopic layer materials used in the patent, especially the hygroscopic layer, will turn back into liquid under high humidity, and have strong fluidity, thus causing outflow;

[0014] This patent is for a single set of electrodes. In actual use, due to the migration and aggregation of ions at both ends by the electric field force, when the migrated ions are close to saturation, the current and voltage will drop significantly, and the circuit will be exhausted after the passage is formed; after the circuit is disconnected and left naturally, waiting for the charge to accumulate again, the ions gathered at both ends are only pulled by the Coulomb force to recombine, and the current recovery speed is slow due to the limited total amount of hygroscopic layer material; after disconnecting and leaving at 80% humidity, the power can only be restored by 30% after reconnection and is exhausted quickly;

[0015] This patent is a planar structure, which occupies a large area when used in series or parallel. Summary of the invention

[0016] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film and a preparation method thereof in order to overcome at least one defect of the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention forms a non-flowing stable moisture absorption layer, which is more convenient to use; it can fully mobilize energy for use, complete the mutual charging and discharging process, and improve the recovery speed.

[0017] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0018] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film, the three-dimensional moisture generator comprises a support, a bottom positive electrode, a functional layer, a bottom negative electrode and a solution pool, the support is successively coated with a positive electrode slurry and a functional mixture, the functional mixture comprises vermiculite slurry and an adhesive, the functional mixture is dried to obtain a functional layer based on vermiculite nanosheet film, a part of the functional layer is wiped off to expose the dried positive electrode slurry as the bottom positive electrode, the solution pool is embedded with an intermediate interlayer positive electrode and an intermediate interlayer negative electrode, a hygroscopic mixture is injected, the hygroscopic mixture comprises a polymer electrolyte and a fixing agent, the hygroscopic mixture is dried to obtain a hygroscopic layer, the functional layer, the solution pool and the electrode are fixed by a fixing glue;

[0019] The electrodes extend out of the solution pool, the bottom positive electrode is close to the middle interlayer positive electrode, the bottom negative electrode is close to the middle interlayer negative electrode, the bottom positive electrode and the bottom negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other, and the middle interlayer positive electrode and the middle interlayer negative electrode are arranged crosswise with the bottom positive electrode and the bottom negative electrode.

[0020] Furthermore, the polymer electrolyte is selected from one or more ionic polymer electrolytes selected from polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA), polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), and polyethyleneimine (PEI).

[0021] Furthermore, the adhesive is sodium alginate, and the fixing agent is silicon dioxide nanospheres.

[0022] Furthermore, the intermediate interlayer positive electrode adopts a carrier coated with positive electrode slurry, the carrier adopts a film of a polymer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the positive electrode slurry adopts silver paste, and the negative electrode is selected from one or more of carbon paper, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and acidified carbon nanotubes (CNT).

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, the solid content of the positive electrode slurry is 20-50%.

[0024] Furthermore, the solution pool adopts a three-dimensional skeleton of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (PETG) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and the fixing glue adopts a hot melt adhesive of polyethylene, polyurethane (PU) or polyamide (PA).

[0025] As a preferred technical solution, the support is made of polyester, fiber products or modified products thereof.

[0026] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film, the method comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1, adding a dispersant to submerge the vermiculite, intermittently ultrasonically crushing it to obtain vermiculite slurry, centrifugally cleaning the vermiculite slurry, drying it, adding a dispersant to dissolve the vermiculite slurry, and adjusting the concentration;

[0028] S2, brushing the positive electrode slurry on one side of the support, drying, obtaining the bottom positive electrode on the support, cleaning the surface of the support by plasma, adding a binder to the vermiculite slurry, mixing, obtaining a functional mixture, screen-printing the functional mixture on the surface of the support brushed with the positive electrode slurry, drying, obtaining a functional layer on the support;

[0029] S3, adding a solvent to the polymer electrolyte, mixing to obtain a polymer electrolyte solution, adding a fixing agent to the polymer electrolyte solution, and continuing to mix to obtain a hygroscopic mixture;

[0030] S4. Wipe off part of the functional layer to expose the bottom positive electrode, place the bottom negative electrode on the functional layer, use a fixing glue to fix the solution pool on the functional layer and the bottom negative electrode, embed the middle interlayer positive electrode and the middle interlayer negative electrode in the solution pool, use a fixing glue to fix the solution pool and the middle interlayer positive electrode and the middle interlayer negative electrode, add a hygroscopic mixture to the solution pool, dry it, and inject a fixing glue into the edge of the solution pool to seal it, so as to obtain a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S1, the dispersant is water, and the mass / volume ratio of vermiculite to the dispersant is (1-5 g):(10-20 mL),

[0032] The power of intermittent ultrasonic crushing is 800-1200W, the temperature is 15-25℃, the total time is 8-14h, the single time is 1-3h, and the number of repetitions is 4-8 times.

[0033] The speed of centrifugal washing is 2000-6000rpm, the single time is 5-15min, and the number of repetitions is 3-7 times.

[0034] The drying temperature is 40-80℃ and the drying time is 10-14h.

[0035] The mass concentration of vermiculite slurry is 5-15g / L.

[0036] As a preferred technical solution, the temperature of the centrifugal washing in step S1 is 15-40°C.

[0037] Furthermore, in step S2, the coating area of ​​the positive electrode slurry accounts for 10-50% of the support area, and the ratio of the amount of the positive electrode slurry per unit area of ​​the support to the coating thickness of the positive electrode slurry is (50-150 μL / cm 2 ):(30-200μm),

[0038] The drying time of the positive electrode slurry is 15-60 minutes.

[0039] The power of plasma surface cleaning is 80-120W and the time is 2-10min.

[0040] The volume / molar ratio of vermiculite slurry to binder is (10-50mL):(0.1-1g),

[0041] The mixing temperature is 40-80°C and the mixing time is 1-3h.

[0042] In a single screen printing, the ratio of the amount of functional mixture per unit area relative to the support to the brush coating thickness of the functional mixture is (0.2-0.4mL / cm 2 ):(30-200μm),

[0043] The drying time of the functional mixture is 2-4h.

[0044] The screen printing is repeated 2-6 times.

[0045] As a preferred technical solution, the temperatures for drying and plasma surface cleaning in step S2 are both 15-40°C.

[0046] Furthermore, in step S3, the solvent is water, and the volume concentration of the polymer electrolyte is 40-80%.

[0047] The mixing time of the polymer electrolyte is 15-60 minutes.

[0048] The volume / mass ratio of the polymer electrolyte solution to the fixing agent is (5-15 mL): (0.1-0.4 g),

[0049] The mixing time of the fixative is 0.5-1.5h.

[0050] As a preferred technical solution, the mixing temperature in step S3 is 15-40°C.

[0051] Furthermore, in step S4, the ratio of the unit volume dosage of the hygroscopic mixture relative to the solution pool to the unit area dosage of the functional mixture relative to the support is (0.1-1 mL / cm 3 ):(0.2-0.4mL / cm 2 ),

[0052] The drying temperature is 50-90°C and the drying time is 1-3h.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] (1) The present invention uses vermiculite nanosheet film as the main body of the functional layer. Since vermiculite nanosheet has good hydrophilicity and ionic conductivity, it can effectively convert the chemical potential energy of water vapor into electrical energy; at the same time, the stable structural characteristics of vermiculite nanosheet also ensure the stability of the moisture generator, reducing the influence of environmental humidity on the power generation efficiency of the moisture generator;

[0055] (2) The present invention uses a polymer electrolyte as the main body of the hygroscopic layer. The polymer electrolyte has good hygroscopicity and ionic conductivity, can effectively absorb water vapor in the environment, and transfer the water vapor to the functional layer, thereby realizing wet gas power generation; at the same time, the use of the polymer electrolyte also simplifies the preparation process of the wet gas generator and reduces the preparation cost;

[0056] (3) The present invention adopts a simple structural design and preparation method. The moisture power generator of the present invention includes a functional layer, a moisture absorption layer and a plurality of positive and negative electrodes. The structure is simple and the preparation method is relatively simple. The screen printing process is used for operation, which can increase the output over a large area while reducing the cost. This simple structural design and preparation method makes the moisture power generator easier to implement and optimize.

[0057] (4) The present invention uses silver paste and carbon as electrodes, which completely eliminates corrosion problems and electrochemical reactions. The wet gas generator only involves wet gas power generation, which can be maintained for a long time. After the power is consumed, it can be restored and then used again;

[0058] (5) The present invention uses sodium alginate mixed into the functional layer to increase the number of ions available for dissociation, increase the maximum current, and greatly improve the conversion efficiency; at the same time, silicon dioxide nanospheres are mixed into the hygroscopic layer to form a non-flowing and stable hygroscopic layer, which is more convenient to use;

[0059] (6) The present invention adds another set of electrodes. When the charges accumulated at the two ends are consumed, the new electrodes are connected, and the ions accumulated at the two ends are gathered back to the center. This can be understood as reverse charging the electrodes at the two ends. When the new electrodes are exhausted, the ions basically return to their original positions, and the bottom electrodes can be reconnected for use. This can fully mobilize the energy for use, complete the mutual charging and discharging process, and improve the recovery speed. The asymmetric electrodes can improve the dissociation and migration of ions, effectively increase the power, and improve the charging efficiency.

[0060] (7) In the present invention, the 3D printing modules are stacked to form a three-dimensional structure. The solution pool can be filled with more hygroscopic mixture, which greatly increases the total amount of hygroscopic mixture and increases the energy density. The three-dimensional layered structure is supported by three-dimensional physics, which facilitates the vertical stacking of modules, saves space, and is more convenient for batch series and parallel use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the main structure of a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a top view of the structure of a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a voltage diagram of the continuous power generation effect of a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 This is a voltage diagram of the continuous power generation effect of the wet gas generator in the comparative example of the present invention.

[0067] Description of the markings in the figure:

[0068] 1—support, 2—bottom positive electrode, 3—functional layer, 4—bottom negative electrode, 5—solution pool, 6—intermediate interlayer positive electrode, 7—intermediate interlayer negative electrode, 8—fixing glue, 9—hygroscopic layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0070] Unless otherwise specified, the equipment used in the following examples are all conventional equipment in the art; the reagents used are all commercially available products or prepared by conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified. Anything not described in detail in the following examples can be achieved by conventional experimental means in the art.

[0071] Example:

[0072] A three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, from bottom to top, it is composed of a support 1, a bottom positive electrode 2, a functional layer 3, a bottom negative electrode 4 and a solution pool 5 in sequence, the support 1 is successively coated with a positive electrode slurry and a functional mixture, the functional mixture includes vermiculite slurry and a binder, and the functional mixture is dried to obtain a functional layer 3 based on a vermiculite nanosheet film, and a portion of the functional layer 3 is wiped off to expose the dried positive electrode slurry as the bottom positive electrode 2, the solution pool 5 is embedded with an intermediate interlayer positive electrode 6 and an intermediate interlayer negative electrode 7, and is injected with a hygroscopic mixture, the hygroscopic mixture includes a polymer electrolyte and a fixing agent, and the hygroscopic mixture is dried to obtain a hygroscopic layer 9, and the functional layer 3, the solution pool 5 and the electrode are fixed by a fixing glue 8;

[0073] The electrodes extend out of the solution pool 5, the bottom positive electrode 2 is close to the middle interlayer positive electrode 6, the bottom negative electrode 4 is close to the middle interlayer negative electrode 7, the bottom positive electrode 2 and the bottom negative electrode 4 are arranged opposite to each other, the middle interlayer positive electrode 6 and the middle interlayer negative electrode 7 are arranged crosswise with the bottom positive electrode 2 and the bottom negative electrode 4. In this embodiment, the middle interlayer positive electrode 6 and the middle interlayer negative electrode 7 are arranged in parallel, the bottom positive electrode 2 and the middle interlayer positive electrode 6 are 90° counterclockwise, and the bottom negative electrode 4 and the middle interlayer negative electrode 7 are 90° clockwise, that is, the middle interlayer positive electrode 6 and the middle interlayer negative electrode 7 are arranged vertically with the bottom positive electrode 2 and the bottom negative electrode 4;

[0074] The support 1 is made of quick-drying cloth, the adhesive is made of sodium alginate, the solution pool 5 is made of two layers of square rectangular polylactic acid (PLA) three-dimensional skeleton, the polymer electrolyte is made of polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA), the fixing agent is made of silicon dioxide nanospheres, the middle interlayer positive electrode 6 is made of a carrier brushed with positive electrode slurry, the carrier is made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, the positive electrode slurry is made of conductive silver paste, the negative electrode is made of carbon paper, and the fixing glue 8 is made of polyamide (PA) hot melt adhesive;

[0075] The material of quick-drying cloth is modified polyester, including polyester, nylon, polypropylene, as well as polyester-spandex, nylon-spandex and other ingredients.

[0076] The preparation method of the above-mentioned three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film comprises the following specific steps:

[0077] S1. Take 50g of vermiculite, add 300mL of pure water as a dispersant to submerge the vermiculite, place it in an ultrasonic crusher, and crush it intermittently with 1000W power for 12h;

[0078] The crushing process will heat up, so you need to use ice packs to cool it down and maintain the temperature at 20°C. The single time is 2 hours to prevent the water from boiling over. Repeat this process 6 times.

[0079] After most of the vermiculite is crushed into vermiculite slurry and no large particles are visible to the naked eye, it is placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged and cleaned at 4000 rpm and room temperature for 10 minutes;

[0080] After each cleaning, the supernatant was removed. This process was repeated 5 times to completely remove the sodium and magnesium ions contained in the vermiculite.

[0081] The product was collected in a beaker, dried at 60°C for 12h, and pure water was added to dissolve the vermiculite slurry. The concentration was adjusted to a mass concentration of 10g / L. The preparation of the vermiculite slurry was completed, and the beaker was sealed for standby use.

[0082] S2, cut a piece of 2cm×5cm×1mm quick-drying cloth, and apply a single strip of 1000μL (relative to the unit area of ​​the quick-drying cloth, the dosage is 100μL / cm) along the edge of 2cm×1cm (20% of the area of ​​the quick-drying cloth) on one side. 2 ), 30% silver average content conductive silver paste, dried at room temperature for 30 minutes, the surface solidified, and obtained a bottom positive electrode 2 with 100 μm thick silver paste brushed on a quick-drying cloth;

[0083] Place the quick-drying cloth in a plasma surface cleaning machine and perform plasma surface cleaning for 6 minutes at 100W power and room temperature;

[0084] Take 30mL of vermiculite slurry, add 0.5g of sodium alginate, mix and stir at 60℃ for 2h, then take 3mL (the relative unit area dosage of quick-drying cloth is 0.3mL / cm 2 ) functional mixture, using screen printing to print the surface of the quick-drying cloth coated with silver paste, after drying at room temperature for 3 hours, repeating the printing process of the functional mixture 3 times, and the functional layer 3 with a 50μm×4 thick functional mixture printed on the quick-drying cloth is completed;

[0085] S3, take 30mL of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, add 20mL of pure water as solvent, mix and stir at room temperature for 30min to obtain a 60% uniform polymer electrolyte solution;

[0086] Add 0.8 g of silica nanospheres to 40 mL of polymer electrolyte solution, and continue to mix and stir evenly at room temperature for 1 hour to complete the preparation of the hygroscopic mixture;

[0087] S4, the functional layer 3 is a 2cm×5cm unit, 2cm×1cm is wiped off to expose the silver paste as the bottom positive electrode 2, and carbon paper is placed on the other side of the functional layer 3 as the bottom negative electrode 4;

[0088] 3D print two layers of square rectangular polylactic acid three-dimensional skeleton with a size of 2cm×4cm×0.3cm, fixed on the functional layer 3 and the bottom negative electrode 4 with polyamide hot melt adhesive as a solution pool 5, and a polyvinyl alcohol film coated with silver paste is embedded between the two layers of the skeleton as the middle interlayer positive electrode 6, and carbon paper as the middle interlayer negative electrode 7;

[0089] Use hot melt adhesive to fix the solution pool 5 with the middle interlayer positive electrode 6 and the middle interlayer negative electrode 7, and inject 1.2 mL of the hygroscopic mixture into the solution pool 5 (the unit volume dosage of the solution pool 5 is 0.5 mL / cm 3 ), dried at 70°C for 2h, and hot melt adhesive was injected into the edge of the solution pool 5 to seal it. The three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film was assembled.

[0090] Comparative Example:

[0091] A wet gas generator is prepared by adopting the preparation method of patent CN118944489A.

[0092] The above-mentioned wet gas generator is subjected to the following inspection or test, and then the inspection or test results are analyzed.

[0093] Test Example 1:

[0094] The above-mentioned wet gas generator was tested for power generation:

[0095] In a constant temperature and humidity chamber, the humidity was kept at 80% and the temperature was kept at 20°C. A single module of 2cm×5cm was used and the external load was 150kΩ.

[0096] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, it can be seen that in the process of 0-150s, the embodiment and the comparative example are connected to the bottom electrode at the same time, and the voltage and total power are almost the same during this process;

[0097] Then, during the 150-350s process, the embodiment is connected to the middle sandwich electrode, generating a higher voltage during power generation, while reverse charging the bottom; the comparative proportion can only wait for the module to self-charge after the circuit is disconnected;

[0098] After 360 seconds, the bottom electrodes of the embodiment and the comparative example are connected again at the same time, and it can be clearly seen that the voltage and total power generated by the embodiment are greater than those of the comparative example;

[0099] The power generation is calculated by integrating the curve. The power generation of the embodiment is 1.86 times that of the comparative example. The power recovery of the comparative example during the self-charging process is lower than that of the embodiment.

[0100] In the long-term experiment, the bottom discharge of 0-150s, the top discharge of 150-350s, and the bottom discharge of 360-550s were repeated 10 times. The initial peak voltage of the embodiment can be stabilized at 0.22V, and the initial peak voltage of the comparative example is almost reduced to 0. The same module was repeatedly tested within a week and the same experimental results were still obtained.

[0101] In actual tests, it was found that in the embodiment, when the energy of the bottom electrode was exhausted, the middle interlayer electrode was connected, and the energy instantly returned to the initial state of 100%; after use, the bottom electrode was connected again, and the energy of the bottom electrode rose to 70%, completing the charging process; after this process was repeated many times, the power of the two groups of electrodes was almost completely consumed. At this time, any one of the bottom and middle electrodes was selected and reconnected, and the power can return to 100%.

[0102] In the embodiment, two sets of electrodes are used. When the energy of one set of electrodes is exhausted, the electrodes are switched, which can fully mobilize the migration of dispersed ions in the hygroscopic layer and increase the reverse electric field force to accelerate the ion combination, which is equivalent to charging the other set of electrodes.

[0103] The embodiment operates well under the condition of adding a load of 150 kΩ, which is much better than the comparative example and more in line with actual usage.

[0104] The embodiment can continuously convert the chemical potential energy of water vapor into electrical energy in an environment with a humidity of 45-90%.

[0105] Test Example 2:

[0106] The three-dimensional moisture generator was subjected to a natural placement stability test.

[0107] After being placed under 80% humidity for one week, the functional layer and the moisture absorption layer in the embodiment still remain in a solid state, making it more convenient to use.

[0108] After adding a small amount of sodium alginate, the hygroscopic layer will still flow out in a liquid state in a high humidity environment; if too much is added, the hygroscopic layer will become hardened and ineffective. The additive used in the embodiment is silicon dioxide nanospheres, and only a very small amount of it is needed to ensure that the hygroscopic layer does not flow in a high humidity environment, and at the same time does not affect the function of the moisture generator.

[0109] The present invention uses vermiculite nanosheet film as the main body of the functional layer. Compared with existing metal-organic framework materials (MOFs), carbon nanotubes and other materials, its preparation process is simpler and the cost is lower, which is conducive to large-scale production and application;

[0110] The power generation efficiency of the wet gas generator of the present invention is less affected by the environmental humidity and has good stability. This is because the vermiculite nanosheet film has good moisture absorption and moisture release properties and can stably perform wet gas power generation in different humidity environments.

[0111] The structural design and preparation method of the moisture power generator of the present invention are simpler and easier to implement. The moisture power generator is manufactured using a screen printing process, which greatly simplifies the preparation process of the moisture power generator and reduces the difficulty of preparation.

[0112] The wet gas generator of the present invention can simply and efficiently realize the continuous conversion of the chemical potential energy of water vapor into electrical energy, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of energy and contributing to the promotion of the development of renewable energy.

[0113] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film, characterized in that: The three-dimensional moisture generator comprises a support (1), a bottom positive electrode (2), a functional layer (3), a bottom negative electrode (4) and a solution pool (5). The support (1) is successively coated with a positive electrode slurry and a functional mixture, the functional mixture comprising vermiculite slurry and an adhesive, the functional mixture is dried to obtain a functional layer (3) based on a vermiculite nanosheet film, a portion of the functional layer (3) is wiped off to expose the dried positive electrode slurry as the bottom positive electrode (2), the solution pool (5) is embedded with an intermediate interlayer positive electrode (6) and an intermediate interlayer negative electrode (7), and is injected with a hygroscopic mixture, the hygroscopic mixture comprising a polymer electrolyte and a fixing agent, the hygroscopic mixture is dried to obtain a hygroscopic layer (9), and the functional layer (3), the solution pool (5) and the electrode are fixed by a fixing glue (8); The electrodes extend out of the solution pool (5), the bottom positive electrode (2) is close to the middle interlayer positive electrode (6), the bottom negative electrode (4) is close to the middle interlayer negative electrode (7), the bottom positive electrode (2) and the bottom negative electrode (4) are arranged opposite to each other, and the middle interlayer positive electrode (6) and the middle interlayer negative electrode (7) are arranged crosswise with the bottom positive electrode (2) and the bottom negative electrode (4).

2. A three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer electrolyte is selected from one or more ionic polymer electrolytes selected from polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polystyrene sulfonic acid, and polyethyleneimine.

3. A three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive is sodium alginate, and the fixing agent is silicon dioxide nanospheres.

4. A three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate interlayer positive electrode (6) uses a carrier coated with positive electrode slurry, the carrier uses a film of a polymer of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate, the positive electrode slurry uses silver paste, and the negative electrode is selected from one or more of carbon paper, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and acidified carbon nanotubes.

5. The three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solution pool (5) uses a three-dimensional skeleton of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or thermoplastic polyurethane, and the fixing glue (8) uses a hot melt glue of polyethylene, polyurethane or polyamide.

6. A method for preparing a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, adding a dispersant to submerge the vermiculite, intermittently ultrasonically crushing it to obtain vermiculite slurry, centrifugally cleaning the vermiculite slurry, drying it, adding a dispersant to dissolve the vermiculite slurry, and adjusting the concentration; S2, brushing the positive electrode slurry on one side of the support (1), drying, obtaining the bottom positive electrode (2) on the support (1), plasma cleaning the surface of the support (1), adding a binder to the vermiculite slurry, mixing, obtaining a functional mixture, screen printing the functional mixture on the surface of the support (1) brushed with the positive electrode slurry, drying, obtaining a functional layer (3) on the support (1); S3, adding a solvent to the polymer electrolyte, mixing to obtain a polymer electrolyte solution, adding a fixing agent to the polymer electrolyte solution, and continuing to mix to obtain a hygroscopic mixture; S4, partially wipe off the functional layer (3) to expose the bottom positive electrode (2), place the bottom negative electrode (4) on the functional layer (3), use a fixing glue (8) to fix the solution pool (5) on the functional layer (3) and the bottom negative electrode (4), embed the middle interlayer positive electrode (6) and the middle interlayer negative electrode (7) in the solution pool (5), use a fixing glue (8) to fix the solution pool (5) and the middle interlayer positive electrode (6) and the middle interlayer negative electrode (7), add a hygroscopic mixture into the solution pool (5), dry it, and inject the fixing glue (8) into the edge of the solution pool (5) to seal it, so as to obtain a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film.

7. The method for preparing a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the dispersant is water, and the mass / volume ratio of vermiculite to the dispersant is (1-5 g): (10-20 mL). The power of intermittent ultrasonic crushing is 800-1200W, the temperature is 15-25℃, the total time is 8-14h, the single time is 1-3h, and the number of repetitions is 4-8 times. The speed of centrifugal washing is 2000-6000rpm, the single time is 5-15min, and the number of repetitions is 3-7 times. The drying temperature is 40-80℃ and the drying time is 10-14h. The mass concentration of vermiculite slurry is 5-15g / L.

8. The method for preparing a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the coating area of ​​the positive electrode slurry accounts for 10-50% of the area of ​​the support (1), and the ratio of the amount of the positive electrode slurry per unit area of ​​the support (1) to the coating thickness of the positive electrode slurry is (50-150 μL / cm 2 ):(30-200μm), The drying time of the positive electrode slurry is 15-60 minutes. The power of plasma surface cleaning is 80-120W and the time is 2-10min. The volume / molar ratio of vermiculite slurry to binder is (10-50mL):(0.1-1g), The mixing temperature is 40-80°C and the mixing time is 1-3h. In a single screen printing, the ratio of the amount of the functional mixture per unit area relative to the support (1) to the brush coating thickness of the functional mixture is (0.2-0.4mL / cm 2 ):(30-200μm), The drying time of the functional mixture is 2-4h. The screen printing is repeated 2-6 times.

9. The method for preparing a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the solvent is water, and the volume concentration of the polymer electrolyte is 40-80%. The mixing time of the polymer electrolyte is 15-60 minutes. The volume / mass ratio of the polymer electrolyte solution to the fixing agent is (5-15 mL): (0.1-0.4 g), The mixing time of the fixative is 0.5-1.5h.

10. The method for preparing a three-dimensional moisture generator based on vermiculite nanosheet film according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the ratio of the unit volume dosage of the hygroscopic mixture relative to the solution pool (5) to the unit area dosage of the functional mixture relative to the support (1) is (0.1-1 mL / cm 3 ):(0.2-0.4mL / cm 2 ), The drying temperature is 50-90°C and the drying time is 1-3h.

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