Early warning system based on cable fault data analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cable fault monitoring, in particular to an early warning system based on cable fault data analysis, which comprises a quantum encryption unit, a data acquisition and transmission unit and a fault analysis early warning unit, the quantum encryption unit uses a quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to design a quantum gate operation sequence to regulate and control quantum bit pairs, adaptive noise resistance quantum coding is implemented, a coding mode is adjusted according to noise, verification and error correction are carried out, and data encryption is ensured to be safe and reliable; a multi-source data hierarchical encryption architecture is encrypted in different modes and then transmitted to a fault analysis and early warning unit, the unit receives data, decrypts and verifies the data, ensures data integrity by using a quantum hash function identifier, judges cable fault risks through a preset neural network model and a threshold value, and gives out early warning in time; the problems of safe transmission and accurate analysis of cable fault data are effectively solved, and the cable operation and maintenance safety and reliability of a power system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable fault monitoring, and in particular to an early warning system based on cable fault data analysis. Background Art

[0002] Cable fault monitoring is an important technology. In the field of cable fault monitoring and early warning, secure and reliable data transmission and accurate analysis are the key to ensuring the stable operation of the power system. The traditional cable fault data analysis and early warning system has exposed many serious problems when facing the complex power environment and growing security threats.

[0003] In the past, conventional encryption methods were mostly used to process cable fault data. However, with the development of quantum computing technology, these traditional encryption methods face a huge risk of being cracked. In the actual data transmission process, the key operating data of the cable, including real-time current and voltage abnormal fluctuation data and data reflecting changes in insulation performance, are important indicators of the safe and stable operation of the power system. Once these data are leaked due to the cracking of traditional encryption, hackers can use this information to accurately plan attacks on the power system, thereby causing great negative impacts on the social and economic order and people's lives. In order to solve this technical problem, we provide an early warning system based on cable fault data analysis. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an early warning system based on cable fault data analysis to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, an early warning system based on cable fault data analysis is provided, comprising a quantum encryption unit, a data acquisition and transmission unit, and a fault analysis and early warning unit;

[0006] The quantum encryption unit uses a quantum encryption algorithm to encrypt the cable fault related data, and uses the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to design a quantum gate operation sequence to entangle the quantum bit pair used to generate the key. At the same time, adaptive noise resistance quantum coding is implemented, and the encoding method of the quantum bit is adjusted according to the real-time monitoring of the cable transmission environment noise level. The quantum error correction code and the noise perception algorithm are combined to perform redundant encoding and error checking on the quantum bit;

[0007] The data acquisition and transmission unit acquires various operating data of the cable, encrypts the data using the quantum encryption unit, and transmits the data to the fault analysis and early warning unit. The multi-source data hierarchical encryption architecture in the quantum encryption unit is used to encrypt different data.

[0008] The fault analysis and early warning unit receives the data encrypted by the quantum encryption unit, first decrypts and verifies the integrity of the data. The verification process uses the data integrity identifier based on the quantum hash function generated during the quantum encryption process, analyzes and processes the decrypted data by verifying the correctness of the quantum tag, and determines whether the cable has a fault risk based on a preset fault diagnosis model and threshold, and issues a warning signal when a fault risk is detected.

[0009] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the quantum encryption unit includes an entanglement control module. The specific algorithm of the entanglement control module using the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to design a quantum gate operation sequence to perform entanglement control on the quantum bit pair used to generate the key is as follows:

[0010] Determine the initial state of the quantum bit pair and select a quantum gate set, wherein the quantum gate set includes a CONT gate, an H gate, and a rotation gate;

[0011] First, the H gate operation is applied to the first qubit to obtain the primary quantum state. Then, the CONT gate operation is applied to the two qubits to obtain the intermediate quantum state and preliminarily construct the entangled state. Then, the rotation gate is used to rotate the second qubit to obtain the advanced quantum state. The rotation angle is determined according to the preset entanglement enhancement coefficient.

[0012] Repeat the H-gate, CNOT-gate, and rotation-gate operation sequences with specific angles for a preset number of times, and combine the quantum states after each operation into a quantum state set, ultimately obtaining an entangled quantum bit pair state for key generation.

[0013] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the quantum encryption unit includes a coding adjustment module. In the coding adjustment module, the specific implementation steps of implementing adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding to adjust the coding method of quantum bits according to the real-time monitored cable transmission environment noise level are as follows:

[0014] Set a fixed time interval, collect the ambient noise intensity value through the noise sensor arranged on the cable, and set three noise level intervals, namely low noise interval, medium noise interval and high noise interval;

[0015] When the collected noise intensity is in the low noise range, single quantum bit direct encoding is used. If the noise intensity is in the medium noise range, double quantum bit encoding is used, that is, it is divided into two bits of binary representation. When the noise intensity is in the high noise range, three-qubit repeated encoding is enabled.

[0016] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the quantum encryption unit includes a coding verification module. In the coding verification module, the specific method of combining quantum error correction code and noise perception algorithm to perform redundant coding and error verification on quantum bits is as follows:

[0017] Selecting a preset quantum error correction code for redundant encoding, performing encoding operations on the quantum bit information to be encoded according to a generator matrix of the preset quantum error correction code to generate an encoded quantum bit sequence;

[0018] For noise perception, a noise monitoring cycle is set, and the noise situation is perceived by measuring the decoherence time of the quantum bit in each cycle. When noise interference is detected, the check matrix of the preset quantum error correction code is used to calculate the syndrome, and an error pattern mapping table is established in advance. The corresponding error position and error type are found in the mapping table according to the value of the syndrome, and then the erroneous quantum bit is corrected to restore the original correct quantum bit information.

[0019] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the data acquisition and transmission unit, the specific operation of encrypting different data using the multi-source data hierarchical encryption architecture in the quantum encryption unit is as follows:

[0020] The cable operation data is divided into key real-time data, routine inspection data and auxiliary reference data according to the frequency of change.

[0021] For critical real-time data, a multi-layer encryption combination is used to generate a strong key using the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism, and then the data is redundantly encoded based on quantum error correction codes to obtain the encoded data;

[0022] For routine inspection data, adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding is first performed on it, and the coding method is selected according to the current environmental noise level to obtain the coded data;

[0023] For auxiliary reference data, direct XOR encryption is performed using a lightweight key generated by quantum bit entanglement.

[0024] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the data acquisition and transmission unit adopts a multi-layer encryption combination method for key real-time data, as follows:

[0025] For critical real-time data, after using the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to generate a strong key K1, the [9, 6] quantum error correction code is used for redundant encoding;

[0026] Assume that the key real-time data is D1, which is divided into 6 quantum bit information blocks, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, and encoded according to the generator matrix G1 of the [9, 6] quantum error correction code to generate the encoded quantum bit sequence:

[0027] X1=[x'1,x'2,...,x'9]=G1·[x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6] T ;

[0028] The encoded data X1 is then XOR-encrypted with the strong key K1, that is, the encrypted data

[0029] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the fault analysis and early warning unit includes a decryption and verification module. In the decryption and verification module, the specific steps of decrypting and verifying the integrity of data are as follows:

[0030] After receiving the encrypted data, the corresponding decryption key is first extracted. The decryption key is synchronously generated and securely stored when the quantum encryption unit encrypts the data. Different types of data correspond to different decryption keys.

[0031] For the received encrypted data D' i , where i = 1, 2, 3 corresponds to different types of data, using the corresponding decryption key K i Perform XOR decryption operation to obtain decrypted data

[0032] While decrypting, obtain the data integrity identifier H based on the quantum hash function generated during the quantum encryption process q (D i ), for the decrypted data D i , recalculate its quantum hash function value H' q (D i );

[0033] Compare H' q (D i ) and the stored original identifier H q (D i ), if the two are equal, it is determined that the data is complete and has not been tampered with. If the two are not equal, it is determined that there is a problem with the data during transmission, a data integrity abnormality alarm is issued, and a request is made to resend the corresponding data.

[0034] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the fault analysis and early warning unit includes a risk judgment module. In the risk judgment module, the specific algorithm for judging whether the cable has a fault risk based on a preset fault diagnosis model and threshold is as follows:

[0035] The preset fault diagnosis model adopts a neural network model, which is a three-layer neural network structure including an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The number of input layer nodes is determined according to the number of selected cable fault features, the number of hidden layer nodes is set according to the number of input layer nodes, the activation function uses the ReLU function, and the number of output layer nodes is 1, which is used to output the fault probability value;

[0036] The neural network model is trained using historical cable operation data. The input feature data is normalized and then input into the neural network. The output fault probability value is compared with the actual fault label, and the weight parameters of the neural network are adjusted through the back propagation algorithm.

[0037] For the cable data to be judged after real-time decryption and verification, the corresponding feature data is extracted and input into the trained neural network model after normalization to obtain the output fault probability value. A fault risk threshold is set and compared with the fault probability value. Based on the comparison results, it is determined whether the cable has a fault risk.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] In an early warning system based on cable fault data analysis, the quantum encryption unit uses the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to design an operation sequence including CNOT gates, H gates and revolving gates, and performs multiple entanglement control on the quantum bit pairs that generate the key, thereby improving the security of the key and enabling it to resist threats such as quantum computing attacks and ensure data confidentiality. At the same time, according to the noise level of the cable transmission environment, adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding is implemented through the coding adjustment module, and single, double and triple quantum bit coding methods are used in different noise ranges. In addition, the coding verification module uses quantum error correction codes and noise perception algorithms to perform redundant coding and error verification of quantum bits to ensure accurate data transmission in complex environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is an overall block diagram of the present invention.

[0041] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0042] 1. Quantum encryption unit; 11. Entanglement control module; 12. Coding adjustment module; 13. Coding verification module; 2. Data acquisition and transmission unit; 3. Fault analysis and early warning unit; 31. Decryption verification module; 32. Risk judgment module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The present invention provides an early warning system based on cable fault data analysis, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, it includes a quantum encryption unit 1, a data acquisition and transmission unit 2, and a fault analysis and early warning unit 3;

[0045] The quantum encryption unit 1 uses a quantum encryption algorithm to encrypt the cable fault related data. By using the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism, the quantum gate operation sequence is designed to entangle the quantum bit pairs used to generate the key. At the same time, adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding is implemented. According to the real-time monitoring of the cable transmission environment noise level, the encoding method of the quantum bit is adjusted. The quantum error correction code and the noise perception algorithm are combined to perform redundant encoding and error checking on the quantum bits.

[0046] The quantum encryption unit 1 includes an entanglement control module 11. The entanglement control module 11 uses the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to design a quantum gate operation sequence to perform entanglement control on the quantum bit pair used to generate the key. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0047] First, determine the initial state of the quantum bit pair as A quantum gate set including CONT gate, H gate and rotation gate R is selected. The reason for choosing such an initial state is that the |00> state is a basic and simple quantum state, which is convenient for gradually building entangled states through various quantum gate operations in the future. It is easy to operate and understand the whole process. These quantum gates are selected because they are commonly used and basic operation units in quantum information processing. The CNOT gate can realize the entanglement between quantum bits, the H gate can prepare quantum bits to the superposition state, creating conditions for entanglement, and the rotation gate can be used to finely control the quantum state. Their cooperation can effectively realize the entanglement control of quantum bit pairs and meet the high randomness and high security requirements required for key generation.

[0048] Apply the H gate operation to the first quantum bit, the transformation matrix of the H gate After this operation, the quantum state becomes Where I is the unit matrix, and the H gate can transform it from a certain state to a superposition state, so that subsequent operations can construct more complex quantum states based on this superposition state, laying the foundation for the subsequent construction of entangled states.

[0049] Next, the CNOT gate operation is applied to the two quantum bits, and the quantum state after the operation is The purpose of applying the CNOT gate is to use its characteristics to achieve entanglement between two quantum bits, so that the states of the two quantum bits are correlated with each other, and the entangled state is initially constructed, laying the foundation for further enhancing the degree of entanglement in the future.

[0050] Then, the second qubit is rotated using the revolving gate R. The rotation angle θ is determined according to the preset entanglement enhancement coefficient λ. The matrix form of the revolving gate is: The expression of the quantum state after this operation is The reason for using the revolving door operation is that it can finely control the state of the quantum bit by changing the rotation angle on the basis of the existing entangled state, and then adjust the degree of entanglement to meet the requirements of entanglement strength under different security levels or different application scenarios, so that the generated key has higher randomness and non-cloning.

[0051] Repeat the above H-gate, CNOT-gate and rotation-gate operation sequence n times, and the quantum state after each operation is recorded as These quantum states are combined into a quantum state set A single operation may only be able to construct an entangled state to a certain extent. Through multiple repetitions, the entanglement effect can be continuously strengthened, making the entanglement between quantum bit pairs more stable and reaching the desired high-intensity entanglement level to meet the requirements of high-quality key generation. It can gradually accumulate entanglement characteristics and further improve the security of the key, so that the final generated key can still maintain its confidentiality and reliability when facing various potential attacks or noise interference.

[0052] The quantum encryption unit 1 includes a coding adjustment module 12. In the coding adjustment module 12, the specific implementation steps of implementing adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding to adjust the coding method of quantum bits according to the real-time monitored cable transmission environment noise level are as follows:

[0053] A fixed time interval ΔT = 0.1s is set. This time interval is chosen because it is necessary to ensure that the changes in the cable transmission environment noise can be captured in time, but it cannot be collected too frequently, resulting in waste of system resources or excessive burden on data processing. The environmental noise intensity value N is collected by high-precision noise sensors arranged around the cable.

[0054] Three noise level intervals are set, namely the low noise interval [0, N1), the medium noise interval [N1, N2) and the high noise interval [N2, +∞), where N1 and N2 are thresholds determined based on statistical analysis of the actual operating environment of the cable. The precise division of intervals is to flexibly select the most appropriate quantum bit encoding method according to different noise intensities, so as to achieve the best anti-noise effect and ensure accurate data transmission.

[0055] When the collected noise intensity N is in the low noise interval [0, N1), a single quantum bit direct encoding method is adopted, that is, for the data D to be encoded, if D=0, the corresponding quantum bit is encoded as |0>, if D=1, it is encoded as |1>. This encoding method is the most concise and efficient in a low-noise environment. The reason is that in a low-noise environment, the quantum bit is less affected by external interference and does not require a complex coding structure to resist noise. It can reduce system processing time and computing resource consumption, and also reduces the probability of errors introduced by the encoding process itself, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of data transmission.

[0056] If the noise intensity N is in the medium noise interval [N1, N2), double quantum bit coding is used. For data, it is divided into two binary representations, that is, D = 0 is encoded as |00>, and D = 1 is encoded as |01>. In a medium noise environment, the single quantum bit coding has insufficient noise resistance, while double quantum bit coding uses the superposition and entanglement characteristics of quantum bits to resist a certain degree of noise interference. Compared with single quantum bit coding, it can carry information through more quantum state combinations, and under noise interference, the correlation between these quantum states can correct errors to a certain extent, improve the reliability of the coding, and make the data more stable during transmission.

[0057] When the noise intensity N is in the high noise interval [N2, +∞), three-qubit repeated coding is enabled. If D=0, the coding is |000>, and if D=1, the coding is |111>. In a high noise environment, noise has a great impact on quantum bits, and ordinary coding methods can easily lead to data errors. Three-qubit repeated coding combats strong noise environments by adding redundant information. It has extremely strong noise resistance and can ensure that cable fault data can still be transmitted accurately under harsh noise conditions, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent fault analysis and early warning.

[0058] The quantum encryption unit 1 includes a coding verification module 13. In the coding verification module 13, the specific method of combining quantum error correction code and noise perception algorithm to perform redundant coding and error verification on quantum bits is as follows:

[0059] First, the [7,4] quantum error correction code is selected for redundant encoding. For the quantum bit information x1, x2, x3, x4 to be encoded, the encoding operation is performed according to the generator matrix G of the [7,4] quantum error correction code. Then, the encoded quantum bit ratio X = [x'1, x'2, ..., x'7] = G · [x1, x2, x3, x4] T By adding redundant information, the original 4 quantum bits of information are expanded to 7 quantum bits, which improves the error tolerance. Even if some quantum bits are wrong during the transmission process, they can be recovered through error correction codes, thereby enhancing the reliability of data transmission in quantum channels.

[0060] For noise perception, set the noise monitoring period T s = 0.2s, and the noise situation is sensed by measuring the decoherence time of the quantum bit in each cycle. Assume that the average decoherence time of the quantum bit is t d , set the decoherence time threshold t d0 , when t d ≤t d0When the error occurs, it is determined that noise interference has caused the quantum bit error. A monitoring period is set to detect noise interference in time to avoid error accumulation. The error can be processed at an early stage to reduce the impact on the data, thus ensuring the system's sensitivity to noise and timely response.

[0061] When an error is detected, the check matrix H of the [7,4] quantum error correction code is used to calculate the check code S = H·X. The check code S is a three-dimensional vector whose different values ​​correspond to different error modes. An error mode mapping table is established in advance. The corresponding error position and error type are found in the mapping table according to the value of S. Then the erroneous quantum bits are corrected and the original correct quantum bit information is restored. The check matrix and the error mode mapping table can accurately locate and correct errors, improve the accuracy and efficiency of error correction, ensure the consistency of the final received data with the original data, and ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data.

[0062] The data acquisition and transmission unit 2 collects various operating data of the cable, and transmits them to the fault analysis and early warning unit 3 after being encrypted by the quantum encryption unit 1, and encrypts different data using the multi-source data hierarchical encryption architecture in the quantum encryption unit 1.

[0063] In the data acquisition and transmission unit 2, the specific operation of encrypting different data using the multi-source data hierarchical encryption architecture in the quantum encryption unit 1 is as follows:

[0064] Determine the initial state of the quantum bit pair as Select a set of quantum gates and apply the H gate operation to the first quantum bit. After this operation, the quantum state becomes The qubits are introduced into the superposition state to prepare for the subsequent entanglement, which increases the randomness of the key generation and improves the security of the key. Then the CNOT gate operation is applied to the two qubits. The quantum state after the operation is The entangled state is initially constructed, and then the second quantum bit is rotated using a rotating gate. The rotation angle is determined according to the preset entanglement enhancement coefficient. The quantum state after this operation is Repeat the above H-gate, CNOT-gate and rotation-gate operation sequence n times, and the quantum state after each operation is recorded as The final result is a highly entangled quantum bit pair state, which is used to generate a strong key K1.

[0065] Then, the key real-time data is redundantly encoded based on quantum error correction code, and the [7,4] quantum error correction code is selected for redundant encoding. For the quantum bit information x1, x2, x3, x4 to be encoded, the encoding operation is performed according to the generator matrix G of the [7,4] quantum error correction code to generate the encoded quantum bit sequence X = [x'1, x'2, ..., x'7] = G · [x1, x2, x3, x4] T , which increases the redundancy of information and improves the error tolerance. Even if some quantum bits are erroneous during the transmission process, they can be recovered through error correction codes, thereby enhancing the reliability of key real-time data in transmission.

[0066] Finally, the generated strong key K1 is used to XOR encrypt the encoded data X. Assume that the quantum bit sequence of the encoded data X is [x'1, x'2, ..., x'7], the quantum bit sequence of the strong key K1 is [k1, k2, ..., k7], and the quantum bit sequence of the encrypted data D1' is [d'1, d'2, ..., d'7], where The data is encrypted using keys to ensure data confidentiality, and encryption operations are implemented simply and efficiently to prevent critical real-time data from being stolen or tampered with during transmission.

[0067] At fixed time intervals ΔT = 0.1s, the environmental noise intensity value is collected by noise sensors arranged around the cable, and three noise level intervals are set, namely, low noise interval [0, N1), medium noise interval [N1, N2) and high noise interval [N2, +∞), where N1 and N2 are thresholds determined based on statistical analysis of the actual operating environment of the cable. When the collected noise intensity N is in the low noise interval [0, N1), a single quantum bit direct encoding method is adopted, that is, for the data D to be encoded, If D=0, the corresponding quantum bit is encoded as |0>; if D=1, it is encoded as |1>; if the noise intensity N is in the medium noise interval [N1, N2), double quantum bit encoding is used, and the data is divided into two binary representations, that is, D=0 is encoded as |00>, and D=1 is encoded as |01>; when the noise intensity N is in the high noise interval [N2, +∞), three-qubit repeated encoding is enabled, and if D=0, it is encoded as |000>; if D=1, it is encoded as |111>.

[0068] Suppose the coded data obtained after adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding is D2, and the common key K2 generated by quantum bit entanglement is used for simple XOR encryption. The encrypted data is The principle of XOR encryption is the same as the XOR operation in key real-time data encryption, which ensures the confidentiality of data and further protects data security on the basis of encoding to prevent routine inspection data from being illegally obtained.

[0069] The lightweight key K3 generated by quantum bit entanglement is used for direct XOR encryption. Suppose the original auxiliary reference data is D3, and its quantum bit sequence is [d 31 , d 32 , …, d 3m ], the quantum bit sequence of the lightweight key K3 is [k 31 , k 32 , …, k 3n ], the quantum bit sequence of the encrypted data D3' is [d 31 ',d 32 ', ..., d 3m '],in i=1,2,…,m,j corresponds to i according to the key generation rule. For auxiliary reference data of relatively low importance, a simple and fast encryption method is adopted to save computing resources and encryption time, thereby protecting the security of auxiliary reference data to a certain extent.

[0070] The fault analysis and early warning unit 3 receives the data encrypted by the quantum encryption unit 1, and first decrypts and verifies the integrity of the data. The verification process uses the data integrity identifier based on the quantum hash function generated during the quantum encryption process, analyzes and processes the decrypted data by verifying the correctness of the quantum tag, and determines whether the cable has a fault risk based on the preset fault diagnosis model and threshold, and issues a warning signal when a fault risk is detected.

[0071] The fault analysis and early warning unit 3 includes a decryption and verification module 31. In the decryption and verification module 31, the specific steps of decrypting and verifying the integrity of data are as follows:

[0072] After receiving the encrypted data, the system will extract the corresponding decryption key according to the data type identifier to ensure that only the correct key can decrypt the corresponding data, ensuring the confidentiality and security of the data. Suppose the received encrypted data is D'i, where i=1, 2, and 3 correspond to key real-time data, routine inspection data, and auxiliary reference data, respectively. The quantum bit sequence is [d' i1 , d' i2 , …, d' in ], the corresponding decryption key K i The quantum bit sequence is [k i1 , k i2 , …, k in ], the quantum bit sequence of the decrypted data Di [d i1 , d i2 , …, d in ] is calculated by the following formula By utilizing the reversibility of the XOR operation, the original data can be quickly restored. The calculation is simple and efficient, with low consumption of system resources. The decrypted data can be accurately obtained, providing a basis for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0073] While decrypting, the system will obtain the data integrity identifier H based on the quantum hash function generated during the quantum encryption process from the additional part of the encrypted information. q (D i ), this identifier is obtained by performing quantum hash calculation on the original data during the encryption phase. i , recalculate its quantum hash function value H' q (D i ), using hash values ​​to verify whether data has been tampered with during transmission. Quantum hash functions can use quantum properties to provide stronger anti-tampering capabilities and ensure data integrity.

[0074] The system compares the recalculated quantum hash function value H' q (D i ) and the stored original identifier H q (D i ), if the two are equal, the data is determined to be complete and has not been tampered with, and is allowed to enter the subsequent analysis and processing flow; if the two are not equal, it is determined that there is a problem with the data during transmission, a data integrity abnormality alarm is issued, and a request is made to resend the corresponding data. This can detect data abnormalities in a timely manner and ensure data reliability. Through a strict verification mechanism, erroneous or tampered data is prevented from entering subsequent analysis, thereby improving the data quality and security of the entire system.

[0075] The fault analysis and early warning unit 3 includes a risk judgment module 32. In the risk judgment module 32, a specific algorithm for judging whether the cable has a fault risk based on a preset fault diagnosis model and a threshold is as follows:

[0076] The preset fault diagnosis model adopts a three-layer neural network structure. The number of input layer nodes is determined according to the number of selected cable fault features, so that the neural network can receive enough key information to judge the cable status. The number of hidden layer nodes is set according to the number of input layer nodes. The ReLU function can effectively solve the gradient vanishing problem, speed up the training speed of the model, and has high computational efficiency when processing large-scale data, so that the neural network can better learn the characteristics and rules of the input data.

[0077] The number of output layer nodes is 1, which is used to output the fault probability value and present the cable fault condition in the form of probability, which is convenient for subsequent comparison with the set threshold value, intuitively reflects the possibility of cable failure, and provides a quantitative basis for judging whether the cable has a failure risk.

[0078] The neural network model is trained using historical cable operation data. First, the input feature data is normalized so that data with different features are on the same order of magnitude to avoid certain features having too much or too little impact on model training. The normalized input feature data is input into the neural network, and the output fault probability value is compared with the actual fault label. 0 indicates no fault and 1 indicates a fault. The weight parameters of the neural network are adjusted using the back propagation algorithm. The basic principle of the back propagation algorithm is to calculate the gradient layer by layer and update the weights according to the error of the output layer to reduce the prediction error. By continuously adjusting the weights, the neural network can better fit the training data, improve the accuracy of the prediction, and automatically learn the complex relationships in the data, so that the trained model can accurately judge the cable fault probability based on the input features.

[0079] For the cable data to be judged after real-time decryption and verification, the corresponding feature data x1, x2, ..., x m After the same normalization process, the trained neural network model is input to obtain the output fault probability value P and set the fault risk threshold P th , when P ≥ P th When P<P th When the cable is detected, it is determined that there is no risk of failure at present. By setting a threshold, it is clearly distinguished whether the cable is in a state of possible failure. The judgment result is given simply and intuitively, which can timely discover potential hidden dangers of cable failure and ensure the safe operation of the cable.

[0080] In the present invention, the quantum encryption unit 1 uses the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to design a quantum gate operation sequence to control the quantum bit pair, and implements adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding, adjusts the coding method and verification and error correction according to the noise, and ensures that the data encryption is safe and reliable. The data acquisition and transmission unit 2 collects various types of cable operation data, encrypts them in different ways according to the multi-source data layered encryption architecture, and transmits them to the fault analysis and early warning unit 3. The unit receives the data and first decrypts and verifies it, uses the quantum hash function to identify the data to ensure data integrity, and then judges the cable fault risk through the preset neural network model and threshold, and issues an early warning in time, effectively solving the problem of safe transmission and accurate analysis of cable fault data, and improving the safety and reliability of power system cable operation and maintenance. The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. The technicians in this industry should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the invention to be protected. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An early warning system based on cable fault data analysis, characterized in that: It comprises a quantum encryption unit (1), a data acquisition and transmission unit (2) and a fault analysis and early warning unit (3); The quantum encryption unit (1) uses a quantum encryption algorithm to encrypt the cable fault related data, uses a quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism, designs a quantum gate operation sequence to control the entanglement of quantum bit pairs used to generate keys, and implements adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding. According to the noise level of the cable transmission environment monitored in real time, the coding method of the quantum bits is adjusted, and the quantum bits are redundantly encoded and error-checked by combining quantum error correction codes with noise perception algorithms; The data acquisition and transmission unit (2) acquires various types of operation data of the cable, encrypts the data using the quantum encryption unit (1), and transmits the data to the fault analysis and early warning unit (3), and encrypts different data using the multi-source data hierarchical encryption architecture in the quantum encryption unit (1); The fault analysis and early warning unit (3) receives the data encrypted by the quantum encryption unit (1), first decrypts and verifies the integrity of the data. The verification process uses the data integrity identifier based on the quantum hash function generated during the quantum encryption process, analyzes and processes the decrypted data by verifying the correctness of the quantum tag, and determines whether the cable has a fault risk based on a preset fault diagnosis model and threshold, and issues a warning signal when a fault risk is detected.

2. The early warning system based on cable fault data analysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The quantum encryption unit (1) comprises an entanglement control module (11). The entanglement control module (11) uses a quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to design a quantum gate operation sequence to control the entanglement of a quantum bit pair used to generate a key. The specific algorithm is as follows: Determine the initial state of the quantum bit pair and select a quantum gate set, wherein the quantum gate set includes a CONT gate, an H gate, and a rotation gate; First, the H gate operation is applied to the first qubit to obtain the primary quantum state. Then, the CONT gate operation is applied to the two qubits to obtain the intermediate quantum state and preliminarily construct the entangled state. Then, the rotation gate is used to rotate the second qubit to obtain the advanced quantum state. The rotation angle is determined according to the preset entanglement enhancement coefficient. Repeat the H-gate, CNOT-gate, and rotation-gate operation sequences with specific angles for a preset number of times, and combine the quantum states after each operation into a quantum state set, ultimately obtaining an entangled quantum bit pair state for key generation.

3. The early warning system based on cable fault data analysis according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The quantum encryption unit (1) comprises a coding adjustment module (12), wherein the specific implementation steps of implementing adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding to adjust the coding mode of quantum bits according to the noise level of the cable transmission environment monitored in real time are as follows: Set a fixed time interval, collect the ambient noise intensity value through the noise sensor arranged on the cable, and set three noise level intervals, namely low noise interval, medium noise interval and high noise interval; When the collected noise intensity is in the low noise range, single quantum bit direct encoding is used. If the noise intensity is in the medium noise range, double quantum bit encoding is used, that is, it is divided into two bits of binary representation. When the noise intensity is in the high noise range, three-qubit repeated encoding is enabled.

4. The early warning system based on cable fault data analysis according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The quantum encryption unit (1) comprises a coding verification module (13), wherein the specific method of combining quantum error correction code with noise perception algorithm to perform redundant coding and error verification on quantum bits is as follows: Selecting a preset quantum error correction code for redundant encoding, performing encoding operations on the quantum bit information to be encoded according to a generator matrix of the preset quantum error correction code to generate an encoded quantum bit sequence; For noise perception, a noise monitoring cycle is set, and the noise situation is perceived by measuring the decoherence time of the quantum bit in each cycle. When noise interference is detected, the check matrix of the preset quantum error correction code is used to calculate the syndrome, and an error pattern mapping table is established in advance. The corresponding error position and error type are found in the mapping table according to the value of the syndrome, and then the erroneous quantum bit is corrected to restore the original correct quantum bit information.

5. The early warning system based on cable fault data analysis according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the data acquisition and transmission unit (2), the specific operation of encrypting different data using the multi-source data hierarchical encryption architecture in the quantum encryption unit (1) is as follows: The cable operation data is divided into key real-time data, routine inspection data and auxiliary reference data according to the frequency of change. For critical real-time data, a multi-layer encryption combination is used to generate a strong key using the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism, and then the data is redundantly encoded based on quantum error correction codes to obtain the encoded data; For routine inspection data, adaptive noise-resistant quantum coding is first performed on it, and the coding method is selected according to the current environmental noise level to obtain the coded data; For auxiliary reference data, direct XOR encryption is performed using a lightweight key generated by quantum bit entanglement.

6. The early warning system based on cable fault data analysis according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The data acquisition and transmission unit (2) adopts a multi-layer encryption combination method for key real-time data, which is as follows: For critical real-time data, after using the quantum bit entanglement enhancement mechanism to generate a strong key K1, the [9, 6] quantum error correction code is used for redundant encoding; Assume that the key real-time data is D1, which is divided into 6 quantum bit information blocks x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6. The encoding operation is performed according to the generator matrix G1 of the [9, 6] quantum error correction code to generate the encoded quantum bit sequence: X1=[x'1,x'2,...,x'9]=G1·[x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6] T ; The encoded data X1 is then XOR-encrypted with the strong key K1, that is, the encrypted data 7. The early warning system based on cable fault data analysis according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The fault analysis and early warning unit (3) comprises a decryption and verification module (31), wherein the specific steps of decrypting and verifying the integrity of data in the decryption and verification module (31) are as follows: After receiving the encrypted data, the corresponding decryption key is first extracted. The decryption key is synchronously generated and securely stored when the quantum encryption unit (1) encrypts the data. Different types of data correspond to different decryption keys. For the received encrypted data D' i , where i = 1, 2, 3 corresponds to different types of data, using the corresponding decryption key K i Perform XOR decryption operation to obtain decrypted data While decrypting, obtain the data integrity identifier H based on the quantum hash function generated during the quantum encryption process q (D i ), for the decrypted data D i , recalculate its quantum hash function value H' q (D i ); Compare H' q (D i ) and the stored original identifier H q (D i ), if the two are equal, it is determined that the data is complete and has not been tampered with. If the two are not equal, it is determined that there is a problem with the data during transmission, a data integrity abnormality alarm is issued, and a request is made to resend the corresponding data.

8. The early warning system based on cable fault data analysis according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The fault analysis and early warning unit (3) comprises a risk judgment module (32). In the risk judgment module (32), a specific algorithm for judging whether a cable has a fault risk based on a preset fault diagnosis model and a threshold value is as follows: The preset fault diagnosis model adopts a neural network model, which is a three-layer neural network structure including an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The number of input layer nodes is determined according to the number of selected cable fault features, the number of hidden layer nodes is set according to the number of input layer nodes, the activation function uses the ReLU function, and the number of output layer nodes is 1, which is used to output the fault probability value; The neural network model is trained using historical cable operation data. The input feature data is normalized and then input into the neural network. The output fault probability value is compared with the actual fault label, and the weight parameters of the neural network are adjusted through the back propagation algorithm. For the cable data to be judged after real-time decryption and verification, the corresponding feature data is extracted and input into the trained neural network model after normalization to obtain the output fault probability value. A fault risk threshold is set and compared with the fault probability value. Based on the comparison results, it is determined whether the cable has a fault risk.

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