Electrochromic element and window device including the same

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide an electrochromic element and a window device including the same, the electrochromic element including: a first substrate; the second substrate is arranged on the first substrate; and an electrochromic portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, in which a rate of change of light transmission is less than 0.25.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments relate to an electrochromic element and a window device including the electrochromic element. Background Art

[0002] The electrochromic film can be artificially controlled by the user to emit visible light and infrared rays. The color of the electrochromic film changes due to coloring and bleaching through redox reactions on each oxidation electrode and reduction electrode according to the applied potential. Various types of inorganic oxides can be used as electrode materials.

[0003] The electrochromic film as described above has been developed in various ways and patents have been applied for. As an example of a related patent application, Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2001-0087586 discloses a film that changes from transparent to blue by the following method: depositing a reductive coloring oxide MoO on one of two ITO films (1A, 1B) formed by depositing a conductive indium tin oxide thin film on a glass film. 3 , WO, which is also a reductive color-developing material, is deposited on another ITO film 3 , then depositing a solid electrolyte of alkali metal lithium on the deposited ITO film, then injecting a conductive polymer polyaniline between the two films, and then passing it through a high-frequency roller to apply a voltage; and Korean Utility Model Publication No. 0184841 discloses a film that changes color using electrical energy, characterized in that: indium tin oxide is deposited on a 0.005 mm thick glass film, and then a reducing color-developing substance WO is deposited on the opposite surface of the transition metal oxide film 3 and oxidative color developing substance IrO 2 , and deposit the polymer solid electrolyte α-PEO copolymer in between, and then use a high-frequency roller to bond the relative surfaces together. Summary of the invention

[0004]

Technical issues

[0005] Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic element having improved durability, and a window device including the electrochromic element.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic element having high thickness uniformity, improved mechanical strength, improved peel strength, excellent appearance, less electrolyte leakage and resistance to mechanical impact deformation, and a window device including the electrochromic element.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic element having high thickness uniformity, improved mechanical strength, improved peel strength, improved durability, excellent appearance, less electrolyte leakage and high optical durability, and a method for manufacturing the electrochromic element.

[0008]

Technical solution

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, the above and other objects can be achieved by providing an electrochromic element, the electrochromic element comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; and an electrochromic portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the light transmittance change measured by the following measurement method 1 is less than 0.25:

[0010] [Measurement method 1]

[0011] Use UV light from a UVA340 lamp at 7.5 W / m 2 The intensity of the ultraviolet light is transmitted through the first substrate to irradiate the electrochromic part for 1 hour, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic element before irradiation with ultraviolet light is measured, the second light transmittance of the electrochromic element after irradiation with the ultraviolet light is measured, and the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance is divided by the first light transmittance to obtain the change in light transmittance.

[0012] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the haze change measured by the following measurement method 2 may be less than 5.5%:

[0013] [Measurement method 2]

[0014] The first haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment before ultraviolet irradiation is measured, and the second haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment after ultraviolet irradiation is measured, and the haze change is a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

[0015] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the change in L* measured by the following measurement method 3 may be less than 9:

[0016] [Measurement method 3]

[0017] The first L* of the electrochromic element is measured before ultraviolet irradiation, and the second L* of the electrochromic element is measured after the ultraviolet irradiation, and the change of the L* is the absolute value of the difference between the second L* and the first L*.

[0018] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the change in a* measured by the following measurement method 4 may be less than 5:

[0019] [Measurement method 4]

[0020] The first a* of the electrochromic element is measured before ultraviolet irradiation, and the second a* of the electrochromic element is measured after the ultraviolet irradiation, and the change of a* is the absolute value of the difference between the second a* and the first a*.

[0021] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the change in b* measured by the following measurement method 5 may be less than 10:

[0022] [Measurement method 5]

[0023] The first b* of the electrochromic element is measured before ultraviolet irradiation, and the second b* of the electrochromic element is measured after the ultraviolet irradiation, and the change of b* is the absolute value of the difference between the second b* and the first b*.

[0024] The electrochromic element may include an ultraviolet blocking layer disposed on the first substrate, wherein a light transmittance of the ultraviolet blocking layer with respect to ultraviolet light of 340 nm is 10% or less.

[0025] In one embodiment, the ultraviolet blocking layer may include at least one ultraviolet absorber selected from the group consisting of a benzophenone ultraviolet absorber, a benzoxazinone ultraviolet absorber, a benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, and a triazine ultraviolet absorber.

[0026] In one embodiment, the first light transmittance may be 50% to 85%, and the first haze may be 0.1% to 5%.

[0027] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the first L* is 80 to 100, the first a* is −2 to 1.5, and the first b* is 0.5 to 4.

[0028] In one embodiment, the ultraviolet blocking layer may be disposed between the first substrate and the electrochromic portion.

[0029] According to another aspect of the present invention, a window device is provided, the window device comprising: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic element disposed in the window, wherein the electrochromic element comprises: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; and an electrochromic portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the light transmittance change measured by the following measurement method 1 is less than 0.25:

[0030] [Measurement method 1]

[0031] Use UV light from a UVA340 lamp at 7.5 W / m 2 The electrochromic part is irradiated with an intensity of ultraviolet light through the first substrate for 1 hour, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic element before irradiation with ultraviolet light is measured, the second light transmittance of the electrochromic element after irradiation with ultraviolet light is measured, and the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance is divided by the first light transmittance to obtain the change in light transmittance.

[0032] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may include a first substrate; a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate; a first color-changing layer disposed on the first transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer disposed on the first color-changing layer; a second color-changing layer disposed on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode disposed on the second color-changing layer; and a second substrate disposed on the second transparent electrode, wherein the tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test measured by the following measurement method 6 is less than 0.4:

[0033] [Measurement method 6]

[0034] 1) The electrochromic element was cut into a size of 4 m in length and 0.5 m in width.

[0035] 2) Fix one end of the electrochromic element on a first core having a diameter of 15 cm.

[0036] 3) The fixed electrochromic element is wound on the first core at a speed of 6 turns per minute while maintaining a tension of 10N.

[0037] 4) The electrochromic element, in a state of being wound around the first core, was placed under conditions of a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours.

[0038] 5) The other end of the placed electrochromic element is fixed to a second core having a diameter of 15 cm.

[0039] 6) The electrochromic element wound on the first core is unwound while maintaining a tension of 10 N and wound on the second core at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute, and the direction of winding on the second core is opposite to the direction of winding on the first core.

[0040] 7) The electrochromic element is placed in a state of being wound around the second core at a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours, thereby completing a winding test.

[0041] 8) In the electrochromic element subjected to the winding test, a central area with a length of 3 m and a width of 0.4 m was defined.

[0042] 9) The central area was cut into 10 cm x 10 cm measurement areas in order to obtain multiple samples.

[0043] 10) Applying a driving voltage to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode included in the sample, thereby coloring the sample.

[0044] 11) Measure the first transmittance of the colored sample.

[0045] 12) Dividing the difference between the maximum first transmittance and the minimum first transmittance among the first transmittances of the samples by the average first transmittance of the samples to obtain the tinted transmittance deviation.

[0046] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the color change transmittance deviation after the winding test measured by the following measurement method 7 may be less than 0.2:

[0047] [Measurement method 7]

[0048] A driving voltage is applied to the colored sample in the opposite direction to change the color of the colored sample. The second transmittance of each color-changed sample is measured, and the difference between the maximum second transmittance and the minimum second transmittance in the second transmittance of the sample is divided by the average second transmittance of the sample to obtain the color-changing transmittance deviation.

[0049] In an embodiment, the haze deviation after the winding test measured by the following measurement method 8 may be less than 0.2:

[0050] [Measurement method 8]

[0051] In the electrochromic element subjected to the winding test, the haze of each sample was measured, and the difference between the maximum haze and the minimum haze among the samples was divided by the average haze of the samples to obtain the haze deviation.

[0052] In an embodiment, the electrolyte layer may include a curable resin composition, a solvent, and a metal salt, and the thickness of the electrolyte layer may be greater than 50 μm.

[0053] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the driving range deviation after the winding test measured by the following measurement method 9 may be less than 0.2:

[0054] [Measurement method 9]

[0055] In the electrochromic element that has undergone the winding test, the driving range of the sample refers to the difference between the first light transmittance of the sample and the second light transmittance of the sample, and the driving range deviation is the value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum driving range of the sample and the minimum driving range of the sample by its average driving range.

[0056] In an embodiment, the curable resin composition may include a photocurable polymer having a thermosetting functional group.

[0057] In an embodiment, the modulus of the first substrate in the first direction may be 200 kgf / mm 2 Up to 400kgf / mm 2 , and the modulus of the second substrate in the first direction may be 200 kgf / mm 2 Up to 400kgf / mm 2 .

[0058] In an embodiment, the first substrate has an elongation at break of 30% to 150% in the first direction, and the second substrate may have an elongation at break of 30% to 150% in the first direction.

[0059] In an implementation, the first average light transmittance may be 5% to 40%.

[0060] In an implementation, the second average light transmittance may be 40% to 80%.

[0061] According to another aspect of the present invention, a window device is provided, the window device comprising: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic element arranged in the window, wherein the electrochromic element comprises: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode arranged on the first substrate; a first color-changing layer arranged on the first transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer arranged on the first color-changing layer; a second color-changing layer arranged on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode arranged on the second color-changing layer; and a second substrate arranged on the second transparent electrode, wherein the tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test measured by the following measurement method 10 is less than 0.4:

[0062] [Measurement method 10]

[0063] 1) The electrochromic element was cut into a size of 4 m in length and 0.5 m in width.

[0064] 2) Fix one end of the electrochromic element on a first core having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0065] 3) The fixed electrochromic element is wound on the first core at a speed of 6 turns per minute while maintaining a tension of 10N.

[0066] 4) The electrochromic element, in a state of being wound around the first core, was placed under conditions of a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours.

[0067] 5) Fix the other end of the placed electrochromic element onto a second core having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0068] 6) The electrochromic element wound on the first core is unwound while maintaining a tension of 10 N and wound on the second core at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute, and the direction of winding on the second core is opposite to the direction of winding on the first core.

[0069] 7) The electrochromic element is placed in a state of being wound around the second core at a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours, and the winding test is completed.

[0070] 8) In the electrochromic element subjected to the winding test, a central area with a length of 3 m and a width of 0.4 m was defined.

[0071] 9) The central area was cut into 10 cm x 10 cm measurement areas in order to obtain multiple samples.

[0072] 10) Applying a driving voltage to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode included in the sample, thereby coloring the sample.

[0073] 11) The first light transmittance of the colored sample is measured.

[0074] 12) Dividing the difference between the maximum first light transmittance and the minimum first light transmittance among the first light transmittances of the samples by the average first light transmittance of the samples to obtain the tinting transmittance deviation.

[0075] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electrochromic element is provided, the electrochromic element comprising: a first polymer substrate; a first transparent electrode disposed on the first polymer substrate; a first color-changing layer disposed on the first transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer disposed on the first color-changing layer, the electrolyte layer being configured to include a curable resin composition, a solvent having low permeability, and a metal salt; a second color-changing layer disposed on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode disposed on the second color-changing layer; and a second polymer substrate disposed on the second transparent electrode, wherein the haze increase measured by the following measurement method 11 is less than 8%:

[0076] [Measurement method 11]

[0077] 1) The electrochromic element is wound on a first cylindrical core with a diameter of 20 cm.

[0078] 2) The electrochromic element was left standing for 500 hours at a temperature of 85° C. and a humidity of 30% in a state of being wound around the first core.

[0079] 3) The electrochromic element is unwound from the first core and wound in the opposite direction onto a second core, the second core being cylindrical and having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0080] 4) The electrochromic element was placed at a temperature of 85° C. and a humidity of 60% for 500 hours while being wound on the second core, thereby completing a 1000-hour static test.

[0081] 5) The initial first haze of the electrochromic element was measured, and the second haze of the electrochromic element after a 1000-hour standing test was measured.

[0082] 6) The haze increase is the difference between the second haze and the first haze.

[0083] In an embodiment, the solvent having low permeability may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acetamide, adiponitrile, polyethylene glycol, and sulfolane.

[0084] In an embodiment, the curable resin may include urethane acrylate and epoxy acrylate.

[0085] In an embodiment, the haze increase may be less than 7%.

[0086] In an embodiment, the haze increase may be less than 6%.

[0087] In an embodiment, the spherical power increase measured by the following measurement method 12 may be less than 0.1D:

[0088] [Measurement method 12]

[0089] The initial first spherical optical power of the electrochromic element is measured, and the second spherical optical power of the electrochromic element is measured after 1000 hours of static testing. The increase in spherical optical power is the difference between the second spherical optical power and the first spherical optical power.

[0090] In an embodiment, the astigmatism power increase measured by the following measurement method 13 may be less than 0.5D:

[0091] [Measurement method 13]

[0092] The initial first astigmatism power of the electrochromic element is measured, and the second astigmatism power of the electrochromic element after 1000 hours of static testing is measured, and the increase in astigmatism power is the difference between the second astigmatism power and the first astigmatism power.

[0093] In embodiments, the solvent may be in direct contact with the first polymer substrate and the second polymer substrate.

[0094] In an embodiment, the molecular weight of the solvent may be 200 to 400.

[0095] In an embodiment, the boiling point of the solvent may be above 200°C.

[0096] In an embodiment, the polarity of the solvent may be from 0.3 to 0.5.

[0097] According to another aspect of the present invention, a window device is provided, the window device comprising: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic element arranged in the window, wherein the electrochromic element comprises: a first polymer substrate; a first transparent electrode arranged on the first polymer substrate; a first color-changing layer arranged on the first transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer arranged on the first color-changing layer, the electrolyte layer being configured to include a curable resin composition, a solvent with low permeability, and a metal salt; a second color-changing layer arranged on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode arranged on the second color-changing layer; and a second polymer substrate arranged on the second transparent electrode, wherein the haze increase measured by the following measurement method 14 is less than 8%:

[0098] [Measurement method 14]

[0099] 1) The electrochromic element is wound on a first cylindrical core with a diameter of 20 cm.

[0100] 2) The electrochromic element was left standing for 500 hours at a temperature of 85° C. and a humidity of 30% while being wound around the first core.

[0101] 3) The electrochromic element is unwound from the first core and wound in the opposite direction onto a second core, the second core being cylindrical and having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0102] 4) The electrochromic element was placed at a temperature of 85° C. and a humidity of 60% for 500 hours while being wound on the second core, thereby completing a 1000-hour static test.

[0103] 5) The initial first haze of the electrochromic element was measured, and the second haze of the electrochromic element after a 1000-hour standing test was measured.

[0104] 6) The haze increase is the difference between the second haze and the first haze.

[0105]

Beneficial effects

[0106] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment effectively blocks external ultraviolet rays, the internal electrochromic portion can be effectively protected from the external ultraviolet rays.

[0107] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent electrons from being generated from the first color-changing layer when external ultraviolet rays are incident. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent color change due to external ultraviolet rays to a certain extent.

[0108] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have uniform optical properties without being affected by the external environment such as ultraviolet rays contained in sunlight.

[0109] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is driven to have constant optical properties. In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has constant driving characteristics, it can be driven with a constant driving voltage.

[0110] Therefore, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be driven with a constant driving voltage, it can improve durability.

[0111] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment has an appropriate tinting transmittance deviation after the winding test. That is, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is flexible while preventing performance degradation caused by a certain degree of mechanical deformation such as winding.

[0112] Even if mechanical deformation such as winding is applied to the electrochromic element according to the embodiment by an external force, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have uniform optical properties as a whole.

[0113] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have uniform colored transmittance, color-changing transmittance, and haze as a whole when recovering after being subjected to external mechanical deformation.

[0114] In particular, the thickness of the electrolyte layer in the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is about 30 μm or more. Therefore, the electrolyte layer of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have a buffering function even under external mechanical impact. At the same time, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have appropriate flexibility.

[0115] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can minimize the change in appearance caused by squeezing and / or bending, etc., and can maintain the color change performance. In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a fast recovery performance, it can have an improved appearance.

[0116] In addition, the electrolyte layer can be formed by a thermal crosslinking process and a photocuring process of the curable resin, so that the electrolyte layer can have a high crosslinking density.

[0117] Therefore, the electrolyte layer can be firmly combined with the first color-changing layer and the second color-changing layer. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have improved peel strength.

[0118] In addition, since the electrolyte layer has an improved crosslinking density, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent leakage of the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer. In addition, since the electrolyte layer has appropriate bonding strength and elasticity even if the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is wound or twisted, the coloring transmittance deviation that may occur due to peeling, etc. can be reduced.

[0119] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have uniform performance even when manufactured in a mass production process such as a roll-to-roll process. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be easily manufactured while having improved performance.

[0120] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes a solvent having low permeability, and the haze increase amount after a 1000-hour standing test is less than 8%.

[0121] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes a solvent having low permeability, the optical properties of the first polymer substrate and the second polymer substrate do not change even if left for a long time in a rolled state.

[0122] In particular, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes the first polymer substrate and the second polymer substrate, it can be flexible. Here, when the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is bent, the solvent with low permeability can be in direct contact with the first polymer substrate and / or the second polymer substrate. Even if the solvent with low permeability is in direct contact with the first polymer substrate and / or the second polymer substrate, the optical properties of the first polymer substrate and / or the second polymer substrate will not change.

[0123] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved optical durability even in a mechanically deformed state for a long period of time.

[0124] In addition, since the electrolyte layer includes a curable resin composition, a low permeability solvent and a metal salt, the electrolyte layer can have the above-mentioned appropriate elasticity. Therefore, when an external physical impact is applied, the electrolyte layer can be appropriately deformed. In addition, since the electrolyte layer has appropriate elasticity, the electrolyte layer can quickly recover from external physical impacts such as twisting, winding and extrusion.

[0125] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can minimize the change in appearance due to pressing and / or bending, etc. In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a quick recovery property, it can have an improved appearance.

[0126] Furthermore, since the electrolyte supports the first polymer substrate and the second polymer substrate with appropriate elasticity, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved thickness uniformity.

[0127] In addition, the electrolyte layer can be formed by a thermal crosslinking process and a photocuring process of the curable resin. Therefore, the electrolyte layer can have a high crosslinking density.

[0128] Therefore, the electrolyte layer can be firmly combined with the first color-changing layer and the second color-changing layer. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have improved peel strength.

[0129] In addition, since the electrolyte layer has an improved crosslinking density, the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen into the electrolyte layer can be reduced. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can suppress the whitening phenomenon, etc., and can have improved durability.

[0130] Furthermore, since the electrolyte layer has improved cross-linking density, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent leakage of the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0131] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic element according to an embodiment.

[0132] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an electrochromic element according to another embodiment is shown.

[0133] Figures 3 to 6 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of an electrochromic element according to an embodiment.

[0134] Figure 7 An example of the spectrum emitted by a UVA340 lamp is shown.

[0135] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic element according to an embodiment.

[0136] Figures 9 to 12 A manufacturing process of an electrochromic element according to still another embodiment is shown.

[0137] Fig.13 and Fig.14 A process of performing a winding test on an electrochromic element according to yet another embodiment is shown.

[0138] Fig.15 A process of measuring a light transmittance deviation after a winding test is performed on an electrochromic element according to an embodiment is shown.

[0139] Fig.16 is a sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic element according to still another embodiment.

[0140] Figures 17 to 20A manufacturing process of an electrochromic element according to yet another embodiment is shown.

[0141] Fig.21 and Fig. 22 The process of performing a 1000-hour static test is shown.

[0142] Fig.23 A window arrangement according to an embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0143] In the description of the embodiments, it should be understood that when each part, surface, layer or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another part, surface, layer or substrate, the part, surface, layer or substrate may be directly on the other part, surface, layer or substrate, or on a part, surface, layer or substrate therebetween, and the standards of "on" and "under" will be given based on the drawings. For convenience and clear explanation, the elements in the following drawings may be exaggerated, omitted or schematically shown, and the sizes of the elements do not fully reflect their actual sizes.

[0144] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic element according to an embodiment.

[0145] refer to Figure 1 , the electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes a first substrate 100 , a second substrate 200 , a UV blocking layer 800 , and an electrochromic part 11 .

[0146] The electrochromic portion 11 includes a first transparent electrode 300 , a second transparent electrode 400 , a first color-changing layer 500 , a second color-changing layer 600 , and an electrolyte layer 700 .

[0147] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the UV blocking layer 800 and the electrochromic portion 11 .

[0148] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0149] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700 are sandwiched between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0150] The first substrate 100 may include a polymer resin. The first substrate 100 may include at least one selected from polyester-based resins, polyimide-based resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and polyolefin-based resins. The first substrate 100 may be a polymer substrate.

[0151] The first substrate 100 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The first substrate 100 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 90wt% or more of the total composition. The first substrate 100 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 95wt% or more of the total composition. The first substrate 100 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 97wt% or more of the total composition. The first substrate 100 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 98wt% or more of the total composition.

[0152] The first substrate 100 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The first substrate 100 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a longitudinal direction and / or a width direction.

[0153] The first substrate 100 may have high mechanical properties, thereby reinforcing glass when applied to a window of a building or a vehicle.

[0154] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm in the longitudinal direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm in the longitudinal direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0155] The first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 7 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0156] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm in the longitudinal direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the longitudinal direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the longitudinal direction. 2To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0157] The first substrate 100 may have a rigidity of about 200 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0158] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% in the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% in the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% in the width direction.

[0159] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% in the longitudinal direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% in the longitudinal direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% in the longitudinal direction.

[0160] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to 150% in the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to 130% in the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% in the width direction.

[0161] Modulus, elongation at break and tensile strength can be measured according to KS B 5521.

[0162] In addition, modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break may be measured in accordance with ASTM D882.

[0163] Since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, and the electrolyte layer 700. In addition, since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0164] The first substrate 100 may include glass. The first substrate 100 may be a glass substrate.

[0165] In addition, the first substrate 100 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the first substrate 100 leaks, damage to the surface of the first substrate 100 may be minimized.

[0166] The first substrate 100 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0167] The haze of the first substrate 100 may be less than about 20%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0168] The total light transmittance and haze can be measured according to methods such as ASTM D 1003.

[0169] Since the first substrate 100 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic element according to another embodiment can have improved optical properties. That is, since the first substrate 100 has appropriate light transmittance and haze, when the electrochromic element according to another embodiment is applied to a window, an improved appearance can be achieved by minimizing the distortion of an image from the outside while appropriately controlling the light transmittance.

[0170] In addition, the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0171] The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0172] The in-plane phase difference may be derived from the refractive index and the thickness according to the direction of the first substrate 100 .

[0173] Since the first substrate 100 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic film according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0174] The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0175] The first substrate 100 may include an organic filler or an inorganic filler. The organic filler or the inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0176] The average particle diameter of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle diameter of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle diameter of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0177] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide particles, barium sulfate particles, aluminum oxide particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0178] In addition, the filler included in the first substrate 100 may be included in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % of the total amount of the first substrate 100. The filler included in the first substrate 100 may be included in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % of the total amount of the first substrate 100.

[0179] The first substrate 100 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0180] The first substrate 100 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film. The multi-layer co-extruded structure may include a core layer, a first surface layer, and a second surface layer. Fillers may be included in the first surface layer and the second surface layer.

[0181] The second substrate 200 faces the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be misaligned with one end of the first substrate 100. The other end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be misaligned with the other end of the first substrate 100.

[0182] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0183] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 are sandwiched between the second substrate 200 and the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 together with the first substrate 100 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0184] The second substrate 200 may include a polymer resin. The second substrate 200 may include at least one selected from polyester-based resins, polyimide-based resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and polyolefin-based resins. The second substrate 200 may be a polymer substrate.

[0185] The second substrate 200 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 90wt% or more of the total composition. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 95wt% or more of the total composition. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 97wt% or more of the total composition. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate at a content of about 98wt% or more of the total composition.

[0186] The second substrate 200 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The second substrate 200 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a longitudinal direction and / or a width direction.

[0187] The substrate 200 may have high mechanical properties to strengthen glass contained in a window when applied to a window of a building or a vehicle.

[0188] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm in the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm in the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0189] The second substrate 200 may have a thickness of about 7 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0190] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm in the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0191] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm in the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0192] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% in the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% in the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% in the length direction.

[0193] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% in the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% in the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% in the length direction.

[0194] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% in the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% in the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% in the width direction.

[0195] Since the second substrate 200 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it can effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600 and the electrolyte layer 700. In addition, since the second substrate 200 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached can be effectively enhanced.

[0196] The second substrate 200 may include glass. The second substrate 200 may be a glass substrate.

[0197] In addition, the second substrate 200 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the second substrate 200 leaks, damage to the surface of the second substrate 200 may be minimized.

[0198] The second substrate 200 may have improved optical properties. The second substrate 200 may have a total light transmittance of about 55% or more. The second substrate 200 may have a total light transmittance of about 70% or more. The second substrate 200 may have a total light transmittance of about 75% to about 99%. The second substrate 200 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% to about 99%.

[0199] The haze of the second substrate 200 may be less than about 20%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0200] Since the second substrate 200 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic element according to another embodiment can have improved optical properties. That is, since the second substrate 200 has appropriate light transmittance and haze, when the electrochromic element according to another embodiment is applied to a window, an improved appearance can be achieved by minimizing the distortion of an image from the outside and appropriately controlling the light transmittance.

[0201] In addition, the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm. The second substrate 20 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0202] The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0203] The in-plane phase difference may be derived from the refractive index and the thickness according to the direction of the second substrate 200 .

[0204] Since the second substrate 200 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0205] The second substrate 200 may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0206] The second substrate 200 may include an organic filler or an inorganic filler, and the organic filler or the inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0207] The average particle diameter of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle diameter of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle diameter of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0208] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide particles, barium sulfate particles, aluminum oxide particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0209] In addition, the filler included in the second substrate 200 may be included in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % of the total amount of the second substrate 200. The filler included in the second substrate 200 may be included in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % of the total amount of the second substrate 200.

[0210] The second substrate 200 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0211] The second substrate 200 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film.

[0212] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may be flexible. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to another embodiment may be flexible as a whole.

[0213] The UV blocking layer 800 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The UV blocking layer 800 is disposed below the first transparent electrode 300. The UV blocking layer 800 is disposed between the first substrate 100 and the first transparent electrode 300.

[0214] The UV blocking layer 800 may include a UV absorber.

[0215] The UV absorber may be at least one selected from benzoxazinone-based UV absorbers, triazine-based UV absorbers, benzotriazole-based UV absorbers, and benzophenone-based UV absorbers.

[0216] Examples of commercially available UV absorbers are as follows: examples of benzoxazinone-based UV absorbers include CYASORB UV-3853S produced by CYTEC; examples of triazine-based UV absorbers include CYASORB UV-1164 produced by CYTEC, and TINUVIN 1577, TINUVIN P, TINUVIN 234, TINUVIN 326, TINUVIN 328, TINUVIN 329, TINUVIN 571, TINUVIN 400 and TINUVIN 479 produced by BASF; examples of benzotriazole-based UV absorbers include CYASORB UV-2337 and CYASORB UV-5411 produced by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, and TINUVIN 360, TINUVIN 213, TINUVIN 99-2, TINUVIN 171, TINUVIN 328, TINUVIN 329, TINUVIN 571, TINUVIN 400 and TINUVIN 479 produced by BASF. Examples of benzophenone-based UV absorbers include CYASORB UV-9, CYASORB UV-24, CYASORB UV-531 produced by CYTEC, CHIMASSORB 81 produced by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, and SONGSORB8100 produced by SONGWON. These UV absorbers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0217] The UV absorber may have a first absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 290 nm to about 310 nm, and may have a second absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 330 nm to about 350 nm.

[0218] The UV absorber may have a first absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 280 nm to about 300 nm, and may have a second absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 320 nm to about 340 nm.

[0219] The UV absorber may have a first absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 270 nm to about 290 nm, and may have a second absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 330 nm to about 350 nm.

[0220] The UV absorber may have an absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 290 nm to about 310 nm. The UV absorber may have an absorption maximum in the wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 320 nm.

[0221] Since the UV absorber has the absorption maximum as described above, it can effectively block the ultraviolet rays incident on the first color-changing layer 500. Therefore, the UV absorber can effectively prevent the ultraviolet rays from being incident on the first color-changing layer 500 to generate electrons.

[0222] The UV blocking layer 800 may further include a photocurable resin. The photocurable resin may include a photocurable (meth)acrylate oligomer and / or a photocurable (meth)acrylate monomer.

[0223] One or more selected from urethane (meth)acrylate, polyester (meth)acrylate, and epoxy (meth)acrylate may be used as the photocurable (meth)acrylate oligomer. Examples of commercially available oligomers include EB-1290 (SK CYTEC Corporation); Adeka Optomer KR BY series (KR-400, KR-410, KR-550, KR-566, KR-567, BY-320B (ASAHIDENKA Co. Ltd.); Koei Hard A-101-KK, A-101-WS, C-302, C-401-N, C-501, M-101, M-102, T-102, D-102, NS-101, FT-102Q8, MAG-1-P20, AG-106, M-101-C (KOEI CHEMICAL COMPANY, LIMITED); Seika Beam PHC2210 (S), PHC X-9(K-3), PHC2213, DP-10, DP-20, DP-30, P1000, P1100, P1200, P1300, P1400, P1500, P1600, SCR900 (DaiichiSeikagaku Corporation); KRM7033, KRM7039, KRM7130, KRM7131, UVECRYL 29201, UVECRYL29202 (Daicel UCBCo., Ltd.); RC-5015, RC-5016, RC-5020, RC-5031, RC-5100, RC-5102, RC-5120, RC-5122, RC-5152, RC-5171, RC-5180, RC-5181 (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.); OLEX No.340CLEAR (Chugoku Marine Paints, Ltd.); SANRADH H-601, RC-750, RC-700, RC-600, RC-500, RC-611, RC-612 (Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.); SP-1509, SP-1507 (Showa Highpolymer Co. Ltd.); RCC-15C (Grace Japan Co., Ltd.), ARONIX M-6100, M-8030, M-8060 (Toagosei Co., Ltd.); etc.

[0224] Examples of photocurable (meth)acrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri / penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta / hexa(meth)acrylate, isoborneol (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentane (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofuranol (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyisopropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and the like.

[0225] As the photocurable resin, a mixture of one or more of the above-exemplified photocurable (meth)acrylate oligomers and photocurable (meth)acrylate monomers may be used, but the kind and content thereof are not particularly limited.

[0226] The UV blocking layer 800 includes a photocuring initiator. The photocuring initiator may include a phosphine oxide-based photoinitiator having an absorption wavelength of 400 nm or more. The photoinitiator may be at least one selected from the following: bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-4-methylphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-2,5-diisopropylphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-2-methylphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-4-methylphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-2,5-diethylphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO), and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide (Igacure-819).

[0227] The content of the photocurable resin included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 60 wt % to about 98 wt % of 100 wt % of the entire UV blocking layer 800. The content of the photocurable resin included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 70 wt % to about 90 wt % of 100 wt % of the entire UV blocking layer 800. The content of the photocurable resin included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 80 wt % to about 90 wt % of 100 wt % of the entire UV blocking layer 800.

[0228] The content of the UV absorber included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The content of the UV absorber included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 1 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The content of the UV absorber included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 1 part by weight to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The content of the UV absorber included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 3 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin.

[0229] The content of the photocuring initiator included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The content of the photocuring initiator included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 3 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The content of the photocuring initiator included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 5 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The content of the photocuring initiator included in the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 10 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin.

[0230] Since the UV blocking layer 800 includes the photocurable resin, the UV absorber, and the photocuring initiator within the above ranges, it may have appropriate mechanical properties and appropriate UV blocking properties.

[0231] Therefore, the first color change layer 500 can suppress the generation of electrons due to ultraviolet rays incident from the outside.

[0232] The UV blocking layer 800 may further include a UV stabilizer, a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, or a surfactant.

[0233] The thickness of the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 0.1 μm to about 20 μm. The thickness of the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 1 μm to about 20 μm. The thickness of the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 1 μm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the UV blocking layer 800 may be about 3 μm to about 8 μm.

[0234] Since the UV blocking layer 800 has the thickness within the above range, it may have appropriate mechanical properties and appropriate UV blocking properties.

[0235] The UV blocking laminate including the first substrate 100 and the UV blocking layer 800 may have low UV light transmittance.

[0236] The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance of less than about 20% for light in the wavelength range of about 250 nm to about 400 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance of less than about 15% for light in the wavelength range of about 250 nm to about 400 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance of less than about 10% for light in the wavelength range of about 250 nm to about 400 nm.

[0237] The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance of less than about 20% for light in the wavelength range of about 350 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance of less than about 15% for light in the wavelength range of about 350 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance of less than about 10% for light in the wavelength range of about 350 nm.

[0238] The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance greater than about 60% for light in the wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 650 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance greater than about 70% for light in the wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 650 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance greater than about 80% for light in the wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 650 nm.

[0239] The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance greater than about 60% for light in the wavelength range of about 550 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance greater than about 70% for light in the wavelength range of about 550 nm. The UV blocking laminate may have a light transmittance greater than about 80% for light in the wavelength range of about 550 nm.

[0240] Since the UV blocking laminate has the above-mentioned ultraviolet light transmittance and visible light transmittance, it can have an improved appearance while suppressing the generation of electrons caused by external light.

[0241] Figure 2 is a sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic element according to another embodiment.

[0242] refer to Figure 2 , the UV blocking layer 800 may be disposed below the first substrate 100. The UV blocking layer 800 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the first substrate 100. The UV blocking layer 800 may be directly coated, cured, and formed on the lower surface of the first substrate 100.

[0243] Alternatively, the UV blocking layer 800 and the first substrate 100 may be formed as a single layer. A UV absorber may be included in the first substrate 100. Therefore, the first substrate 100 may simultaneously function as a supporting layer and a UV blocking function.

[0244] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the UV blocking layer 800. The first transparent electrode 300 may be deposited on the UV blocking layer 800.

[0245] The first transparent electrode 300 may include at least one selected from tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), niobium-doped titanium oxide (NTO), and cadmium tin oxide (CTO).

[0246] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300 may include graphene, silver nanowires, and / or a metal mesh.

[0247] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0248] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of less than about 10%. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of less than about 7%. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of less than about 5%.

[0249] The surface resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The surface resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The surface resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0250] The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0251] The first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the first color-changing layer 500. In addition, the first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700 through the first color-changing layer 500.

[0252] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed under the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be deposited on the second substrate 200. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0253] The second transparent electrode 400 may include at least one selected from tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), niobium-doped titanium oxide (NTO), and cadmium tin oxide (CTO).

[0254] In addition, the second transparent electrode 400 may include graphene, silver nanowires, and / or a metal mesh.

[0255] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0256] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of less than about 10%. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of less than about 7%. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of less than about 5%.

[0257] The surface resistance of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The surface resistance of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The surface resistance of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0258] The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0259] The second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the second color-changing layer 600. In addition, the second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700 through the second color-changing layer 600.

[0260] The first color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on an upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0261] The first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 300. In addition, the first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 500 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0262] The first color-changing layer 500 may change color when supplied with electrons. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic material, the color of which may change when supplied with electrons. The first electrochromic material may include at least one selected from tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, vilogen, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).

[0263] The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic material in the form of particles. Tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles having an average particle diameter of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle diameter of the first electrochromic material may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle diameter of the first electrochromic material may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0264] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic material in an amount of about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic material in an amount of about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic material in an amount of about 85 wt % to about 94 wt % of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0265] Since the first color-changing layer 500 includes the first electrochromic material within the above average particle diameter range and weight range, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved optical properties and electrochromic properties.

[0266] In addition, the first color-changing layer 500 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include a silicone gel. The adhesive may be formed of a silica sol containing tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0267] The first color-changing layer 500 may include a binder in an amount of about 1 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a binder in an amount of about 5 wt% to 15 wt% of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a binder in an amount of about 7 wt% to 13 wt% of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0268] The second color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0269] The second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may directly access the second transparent electrode 400. In addition, the second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The second color-changing layer 600 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0270] The second color-changing layer 600 may change color while losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material that is oxidized and changes color while losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include at least one selected from Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0271] The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material in the form of particles. Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles having a particle diameter of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0272] In addition, the second color-changing layer 600 may further include an adhesive.

[0273] The second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are included in the second laminate. That is, the second laminate includes the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600. The second laminate may be composed of the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0274] The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 is disposed below the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0275] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a solid polymer electrolyte containing metal ions, an inorganic hydrate, etc. The electrolyte layer 700 may include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + )wait.

[0276] Specifically, poly-AMPS, PEO / LiCF 3 SO 3 etc. can be used as solid polymer electrolytes, and Sb 2 O 5 ·4H 2 O and the like can be used as inorganic hydrates.

[0277] In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 is a configuration that provides electrolyte ions that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The electrolyte ions may be, for example, H + , Li + 、Na + , K+ , Rb + or Cs + of monovalent cations.

[0278] The electrolyte layer 700 may include an electrolyte. For example, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, etc. may be used as the electrolyte, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the electrolyte may be in the form of a single layer or a film so as to be laminated with an electrode or a substrate.

[0279] The type of electrolyte salt used in the electrolyte layer 700 is not particularly limited as long as it contains electrolyte salts capable of providing monovalent cations (i.e., H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + ) compounds. For example, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a 4 , LiBF 4 、LiAsF 6 、LiPF 6 、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li or (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 Lithium salt compounds such as NLi; or NaClO 4 Sodium salt compound.

[0280] For example, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing a Cl element or a F element as an electrolyte salt. Specifically, the first electrolyte layer 410 may include a compound selected from LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 、LiAsF 6 、LiPF 6 、LiCl、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCF 3 CO 2、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiAlCl 4 CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi and NaClO 4 One or more electrolyte salts.

[0281] In addition, the electrolyte may further include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since the carbonate compound has a high dielectric constant, it can improve ionic conductivity. As a non-limiting example, a solvent such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) may be used as the carbonate compound.

[0282] As another example, when the electrolyte layer 700 includes a gel polymer electrolyte, the electrolyte layer 700 may include, for example, polyethylene sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene sulfonic acid, poly-2-acrylamido-2methyl-propane sulfonic acid, polyperfluorosulfonic acid, polytoluene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyethylene oxide (silicone PEOS), polyethylene glycol siloxane, polypropylene oxide siloxane, polyethylene oxide-methyl methacrylate (PEO-PMMA), polyethylene oxide-acrylic acid (PEO PAA), polypropylene glycol-methyl methacrylate (PPG PMMA), polyethylene succinate, or polyethylene adipate. In one example, a mixture of two or more of the listed polymers or two or more copolymers may be used as the polymer electrolyte.

[0283] In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heating. The curable resin may be at least one selected from the following: acrylate-based oligomers, polyethylene glycol-based oligomers, polyurethane-based oligomers, polyester-based oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol diacrylate. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may also include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0284] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0285] The electrolyte layer 700 may have a light transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 may have a light transmittance in the range of 60% to 95% for visible light having a wavelength in the range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, for visible light having a wavelength of 400nm or a wavelength of 550nm. The light transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter (HM).

[0286] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may further include a sealing portion (not shown).

[0287] The sealing portion includes a curable resin. The sealing portion may include a thermosetting resin and / or a photocurable resin.

[0288] Examples of thermosetting resins include epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, unsaturated polyester resins, etc. In addition, examples of epoxy resins include phenol novolac type epoxy resins, cresol novolac type epoxy resins, biphenyl novolac type epoxy resins, trisphenol novolac type epoxy resins, dicyclopentadiene novolac type epoxy resins, bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, 2,2'-diaryl bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol S type epoxy resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resins, propylene oxide addition bisphenol A type epoxy resins, biphenyl type epoxy resins, naphthalene type epoxy resins, resorcinol type epoxy resins, glycidylamine, etc.

[0289] In addition, the sealing part may also include a thermal curing agent. Examples of the sealing part include hydrazide compounds such as 1,3-bis[hydrazinocarbonylethyl-5-isopropylhydantoin], adipic acid (adipic acid) hydrazide; dicyandiamide, guanidine derivatives, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, N-[2-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)ethyl]urea, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-methylimidazolyl (1')]-ethyl-s-thiazine, N,N'-bis(2-methyl-1-imidazolylethyl)urea, N,N'-(2-methyl-1-imidazolylethyl)-azabisamide, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-imidazoline-2-thiol, 2,2'-thiodiethanethiol, various amines and epoxy resins, etc.

[0290] The first sealing portion may include a photocurable resin. Examples of the photocurable resin include acrylate-based resins such as polyurethane acrylate. In addition, the sealing portion may further include a photocurable initiator. The photocurable initiator may be at least one selected from acetophenone-based compounds, benzophenone-based compounds, thioxanthone-based compounds, benzoin-based compounds, triazine-based compounds, and oxime-based compounds.

[0291] In addition, the sealing part may also include a hygroscopic agent, such as zeolite and / or silicon dioxide. In addition, the sealing part may also include an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be a material with high insulation, transparency and durability. Examples of inorganic fillers include silicon, aluminum, zirconium oxide, and mixtures thereof.

[0292] In addition, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may further include a first bus bar (not shown) and a second bus bar (not shown).

[0293] The first bus bar may be disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0294] The first bus bar may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be in direct contact with an upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be connected to the first transparent electrode 300 by solder.

[0295] The second bus bar is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar is connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0296] The second bus bar may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar may be in direct contact with a lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar may be connected to the second transparent electrode 400 by solder.

[0297] The first bus bar and / or the second bus bar may include a metal. The first bus bar and / or the second bus bar may include a metal strip. The first bus bar and / or the second bus bar may include a conductive paste. The first bus bar and / or the second bus bar may include an adhesive and a conductive filler.

[0298] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be manufactured by the following method. Figures 3 to 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment.

[0299] Reference Figure 3 , a UV blocking layer 800 is formed on the first substrate 100 .

[0300] In order to form the UV blocking layer 800, a photocurable resin composition including a UV absorbent is formed.

[0301] The photocurable resin composition includes a photocurable resin, a UV absorber and a photoinitiator. In addition, the photocurable resin composition may further include an organic solvent.

[0302] Examples of organic solvents include alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, propylene glycol methoxy alcohol, etc.), ketones (methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone, etc.), acetates (methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methoxy acetate, etc.), cellosolves (methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, propyl cellosolve, etc.), hydrocarbons (n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.), etc. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0303] The photocurable resin composition may include an organic solvent in an amount of about 30 parts by weight to about 200 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The photocurable resin composition may include an organic solvent in an amount of about 50 parts by weight to about 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin. The photocurable resin composition may include an organic solvent in an amount of about 70 parts by weight to about 120 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable resin.

[0304] The photocurable resin composition may be appropriately coated on the first substrate 100 using a known method such as a die coater, an air knife, a reverse roll, spraying, a doctor blade, casting, gravure printing, micro gravure printing, or spin coating.

[0305] The coating layer formed by coating the curable resin composition may have a thickness of about 0.1 μm to about 50 μm. The coating layer formed by coating the curable resin composition may have a thickness of about 0.5 μm to about 50 μm.

[0306] After the curable resin composition is applied, a drying process may be performed. The drying process may be performed at about 40° C. to about 120° C. for about 1 minute to about 5 minutes.

[0307] Next, the dried curable resin composition coating layer may be cured by light. During the curing process, the light source may be a lamp having a dominant wavelength of 400 nm or more.

[0308] Therefore, the UV blocking layer 800 is formed on the first substrate 100 .

[0309] Next, the first transparent electrode 300 is formed on the UV blocking layer 800. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. The first transparent electrode 300 is formed by depositing a metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide, on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like.

[0310] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process. The metal nanowires are coated on the first substrate 100 together with a binder, thereby forming the first transparent electrode 300. The first substrate 100 may be coated with a conductive polymer, thereby forming the first transparent electrode 300.

[0311] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like and the metal layer may be patterned to form a layer of the first transparent electrode 300 including a metal mesh on the first substrate 100 .

[0312] Next, a first color-changing layer 500 is formed on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic material, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic material, an electron accepting material, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0313] The first sol solution may include a first electrochromic material in the form of particles, and its content is about 5wt% to about 30wt% of the total weight of the first sol solution. The first sol solution may include a binder, and its content may be about 0.5wt% to about 5wt% of the total weight of the first sol solution. The first sol solution may include a solvent, and its content may be about 70wt% to about 95wt% of the total weight of the first sol solution.

[0314] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0315] The solvent may be at least one of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and the like.

[0316] As mentioned above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0317] refer to Figure 4 , forming an electrolyte composition for forming the electrolyte layer 700.

[0318] The electrolyte composition may include a metal salt, an electrolyte, a photocurable resin, and a photocurable initiator. The photocurable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), trimethylolpropane ethoxylated triacrylate (TMPEOTA), propoxylated glycerol triacrylate (GPTA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA).

[0319] The metal salt, electrolyte and photocuring initiator may be the same as described above.

[0320] The electrolyte composition is coated on the first color-changing layer 500. Thus, an electrolyte composition coating layer 701 is formed on the first color-changing layer 500.

[0321] Reference Figure 5 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0322] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a vacuum coating process, and a metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide, may be deposited on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process, so as to form the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0323] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process, and the metal nanowires may be coated on the second substrate 200 together with a binder to form the second transparent electrode 400. A conductive polymer may be coated on the second substrate 200 to form the second transparent electrode 400.

[0324] In addition, the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process, and the metal layer may be patterned to form a layer of the second transparent electrode 400 including a metal mesh on the second substrate 200 .

[0325] Next, a second color-changing layer 600 is formed on the layer of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be formed using a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution is coated on the layer of the second transparent electrode 400, the second sol solution including a second electrochromic material, a binder, and a solvent. A sol-gel reaction occurs in the coated second sol solution, and the second color-changing layer 600 may be formed.

[0326] The second sol solution may include a second color-changing material in the form of particles, and the content of the second color-changing material accounts for about 5wt% to about 30wt% of the total weight of the second sol solution. The second sol solution may include a binder in an amount of about 0.5wt% to about 5wt% of the total weight of the second sol solution. The second sol solution may include a solvent in an amount of about 70wt% to about 95wt% of the total weight of the second sol solution.

[0327] The second sol solution may additionally include a dispersant.

[0328] See also Figure 6 , the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, and the second color-changing layer 600 are laminated on the coated electrolyte composition layer 701. Here, the second color-changing layer 600 is in direct contact with the coated electrolyte composition layer 701.

[0329] Next, the coated electrolyte composition layer 701 is photocured, and a first laminate including a first substrate 100, a first transparent electrode 300, and a first color-changing layer 500 is laminated to each other, and a second laminate including a second substrate 200, a second transparent electrode 400, and a second color-changing layer 600 is laminated to each other. That is, the first laminate and the second laminate can be adhered to each other through the electrolyte layer 700.

[0330] In addition, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have light transmittance. Here, the light transmittance may refer to the light transmittance based on the state in which the electrochromic element does not undergo photochromism. In addition, the light transmittance may refer to the total light transmittance.

[0331] The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 50% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 55% to about 88%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 68% to about 86%.

[0332] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a change in light transmittance. The change in light transmittance is a change in light transmittance after exposure to ultraviolet light relative to initial light transmittance.

[0333] The change in light transmittance can be measured by the following measurement method 1:

[0334] [Measurement method 1]

[0335] Use ultraviolet light at 7.5W / m 2 The electrochromic portion 11 is irradiated with an intensity of for 1 hour through the first substrate 100.

[0336] Use ultraviolet light at about 7.5W / m 2The intensity of the ultraviolet light is transmitted through the first substrate 100 to irradiate the electrochromic part 11 for 1 hour, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic element before ultraviolet light irradiation is measured, and the second light transmittance of the electrochromic element after ultraviolet light irradiation is measured. The difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance is divided by the first light transmittance to obtain the change in light transmittance.

[0337] The ultraviolet light may be light emitted from a UVA 340 ultraviolet lamp. The UVA 340 ultraviolet lamp may be a fluorescent lamp that emits light having a spectrum with a maximum peak of about 340 nm. The UVA 340 ultraviolet lamp may have a Figure 7 The luminescence spectrum is shown.

[0338] The change in light transmittance (△TR) can be expressed by the following formula 1:

[0339] [Formula 1]

[0340] △TR=(T1-T2) / T1

[0341] Wherein, T1 represents the initial light transmittance of the electrochromic element, and T2 represents the light transmittance of the electrochromic element when exposed to ultraviolet light at about 7.5 W / m 2 The light transmittance of the electrochromic element after the intensity of the first substrate 100 is irradiated on the electrochromic part for 1 hour.

[0342] The change in light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than about 0.25. The change in light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0 to about 0.30. The change in light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0 to about 0.25. The change in light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.01 to about 0.20. The change in light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.02 to about 0.18. The change in light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.03 to about 0.15.

[0343] The light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 45% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 50% to about 85%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 60% to about 80%.

[0344] The light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment after irradiation with ultraviolet rays may be about 40% to about 80%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment after irradiation with ultraviolet rays may be about 45% to about 80%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment after irradiation with ultraviolet rays may be about 50% to about 70%.

[0345] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment has the above-mentioned light transmittance change. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can reduce the light transmittance change caused by external sunlight or the like.

[0346] That is, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can reduce the light transmittance deviation due to external sunlight, it can easily control the target transmittance at on-off time.

[0347] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have haze.

[0348] The haze may refer to the haze of the electrochromic element according to the present embodiment in a non-photochromic or non-electrochromic state.

[0349] The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than about 5%. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than about 4%. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than about 3%. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than about 2%.

[0350] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a haze change.

[0351] The haze change can be measured by the following measurement method2:

[0352] [Measurement method 2]

[0353] The first haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured before irradiation with ultraviolet rays, the second haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured after irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the haze change is a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

[0354] The haze change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 5.5%. The haze change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 5%. The haze change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 4%. The haze change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 3%. The haze change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 2%.

[0355] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation with ultraviolet rays may be less than about 6%. In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation with ultraviolet rays may be less than about 5%. In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation with ultraviolet rays may be less than about 4%. In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation with ultraviolet rays may be less than about 3%.

[0356] The light transmittance may be a total light transmittance. The total light transmittance may be within a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm.

[0357] Light transmittance and haze can be measured according to ASTM D 1003.

[0358] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have L*, a*, and b*.

[0359] The L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 70 to about 100. The L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 80 to about 100. The L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 91 to about 100. The L* may be measured when the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is in a non-photochromic or non-electrochromic state.

[0360] The L* of an electrochromic element according to embodiments may vary.

[0361] The change L* can be measured by the following measurement method 3:

[0362] [Measurement method 3]

[0363] The first L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured before irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the second L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured after irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the change in L* is the absolute value of the difference between the second L* and the first L*.

[0364] The change of L* can be expressed by the following formula 2:

[0365] [Formula 2]

[0366] Change of L* = │Second L* - First L*│

[0367] The change in L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 7. The change in L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 6. The change in L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 5. The change in L* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 4.

[0368] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have an L* of about 70 to about 95 after being irradiated with UV. The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have an L* of about 76 to about 94 after being irradiated with UV.

[0369] The a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be -3 to 2. The a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be -2.5 to 1.5. The a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be -2 to 1. a* may be measured when the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is in a non-photochromic or non-electrochromic state.

[0370] The a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be changed.

[0371] The change in a* can be measured by the following measurement method4:

[0372] [Measurement method 4]

[0373] The first a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured before irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the second a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured after irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the change in a* is the value obtained by subtracting the first a* from the second a*.

[0374] The change in a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be expressed by the following Formula 3:

[0375] [Formula 3]

[0376] Change of a* = | second a* - first a* |

[0377] The change of a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 6. The change of a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 5. The change of a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 2. The change of a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 3. The change of a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 1.8. The change of a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 1.6. The change of a* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 1.5.

[0378] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a* of about −5 to about 0 after being irradiated with UV. The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a* of about −4.5 to about 0 after being irradiated with UV.

[0379] The b* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0 to 4. The b* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.1 to 3.5. The b* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.5 to 3. The b* may be measured when the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is in a non-photochromic or non-electrochromic state.

[0380] The b* of an electrochromic element according to embodiments may vary.

[0381] The change in b* can be measured by the following measurement method5:

[0382] [Measurement method 5]

[0383] The first b* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured before irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the second b* of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured after irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the change in b* is the value obtained by subtracting the first b* from the second b*.

[0384] The change in b* can be calculated using the following formula 4:

[0385] [Formula 4]

[0386] Change of b* = │Second b* - First b*│

[0387] The b* change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 10. The b* change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 8. The b* change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 7. The b* change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 2.8. The b* change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 2.6. The b* change of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be less than 2.5.

[0388] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a b* of about -5 to about 3 after being irradiated with UV. The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a b* of about -4.5 to about 2 after being irradiated with UV.

[0389] A spectrophotometer can be used to measure L*, a*, and b*.

[0390] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a change in haze as described above. In addition, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a change in L*, a*, and b*.

[0391] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can reduce the change in appearance due to external sunlight. Therefore, even if the external environment changes, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can still have the same appearance.

[0392] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment effectively blocks external ultraviolet light, the internal electrochromic portion 11 can be effectively protected from external ultraviolet rays.

[0393] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent the first color-changing layer from generating electrons when external ultraviolet light is incident. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent some color change due to external ultraviolet light.

[0394] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have uniform optical properties without being affected by the external environment such as ultraviolet light included in sunlight.

[0395] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is driven to have constant optical properties. In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has constant driving characteristics, the electrochromic element can be driven with a constant driving voltage.

[0396] Therefore, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be driven with a constant driving voltage, the electrochromic element may have improved durability.

[0397] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic element according to an embodiment.

[0398] refer to Figure 8 , the electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes a first substrate 100 , a second substrate 200 , a first transparent electrode 300 , a second transparent electrode 400 , a first color-changing layer 500 , a second color-changing layer 600 , and an electrolyte layer 700 .

[0399] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0400] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700 are sandwiched between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0401] The second substrate 200 faces the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end 11 of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be misaligned with one end 11 of the first substrate 100. The other end 12 of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be misaligned with the other end 12 of the first substrate 100.

[0402] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0403] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700 are sandwiched between the second substrate 200 and the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 together with the first substrate 100 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0404] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be deposited on the first substrate 100. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 300 and the first substrate 100.

[0405] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed below the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be deposited on the second substrate 200. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0406] The first color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on an upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0407] The first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may directly access the first transparent electrode 300. In addition, the first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 500 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0408] The first color-changing layer 500 may change color when supplied with electrons. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic material, the color of which may change when supplied with electrons. The first electrochromic material may include at least one selected from the following: tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)).

[0409] The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic material in the form of particles. Tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles having a particle diameter of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. That is, the diameter of the first electrochromic particles included in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 2 nm to about 150 nm. The diameter of the first electrochromic particles included in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The diameter of the first electrochromic particles included in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0410] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic material in an amount of about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic material in an amount of about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic material in an amount of about 85 wt % to about 94 wt % of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0411] In addition, the first color-changing layer 500 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive, and the adhesive may include a silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by a silica sol containing tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0412] The first color-changing layer 500 may include a binder in an amount of about 1 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a binder in an amount of about 2 wt% to 15 wt% of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a binder in an amount of about 3 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0413] The second color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0414] The second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 400. In addition, the second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The second color-changing layer 600 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0415] The second color-changing layer 600 may change color by losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material that changes color by oxidation by losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include at least one of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0416] The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material in the form of particles. Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles having a particle diameter of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. That is, the particle diameter of the second electrochromic particles included in the second color-changing layer 600 may be about 2 nm to about 150 nm. The particle diameter of the second electrochromic particles may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The particle diameter of the second electrochromic particles may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0417] The second color-changing layer 600 may include the following second electrochromic material, the content of which is about 70wt% to about 98wt% of the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include the following second electrochromic material, the content of which is about 80wt% to about 96wt% of the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include the following second electrochromic material, the content of which is about 85wt% to about 94wt% of the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600.

[0418] In addition, the second color-changing layer 600 may further include an adhesive, which may be an inorganic adhesive, which may include silica gel, and which may be formed by silica sol containing tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0419] The second color-changing layer 600 may include a binder in an amount of about 1 wt% to 20 wt% of the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a binder in an amount of about 2 wt% to 15 wt% of the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a binder in an amount of about 3 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0420] The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 is located below the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0421] The electrolyte layer 700 may include cations that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The cations may include metal ions. The metal ions may be at least one of lithium ions (Li+), sodium ions (Na+), and potassium ions (K+). The cations may be rubidium ions (Rb+) or cesium ions (Cs+).

[0422] The electrolyte layer 700 includes a solvent. The solvent may be at least one selected from acetamide, adiponitrile, sulfolane, and polyethylene glycol.

[0423] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a metal salt. The metal salt may be at least one selected from the following: LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 、LiAsF 6 、LiPF 6 、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF6 、LiSbF 6 、LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 Nli and NaClO 4 .

[0424] In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing Cl or F elements as a metal salt. The electrolyte layer 700 may include one or more metal salts selected from the following: LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 、LiAsF 6 、LiPF 6 、LiCl、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiAlCl 4 CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi and NaClO 4 .

[0425] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin composition that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heating. The curable resin composition may be at least one selected from the following: acrylate-based oligomers, polyethylene glycol-based oligomers, polyurethane-based oligomers, polyester-based oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0426] In more detail, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin composition. The curable resin composition may have photocurability and / or thermal curability.

[0427] The curable resin composition may include an acrylate copolymer.

[0428] The acrylate copolymer may be at least one selected from urethane acrylate and epoxy acrylate.

[0429] The molecular weight of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 3000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol. The molecular weight of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0430] The urethane acrylate may include ether-based urethane acrylate.

[0431] The ether-based urethane acrylate may include a first polyol, a diisocyanate, and an acrylate, and the ether-based urethane acrylate may be formed by reacting a polyether diol, a diisocyanate, and an acrylate.

[0432] The ether-based urethane acrylate may include a first polyol having a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol; a first diisocyanate having a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol; and a first acrylate having a molecular weight of about 50 g / mol to about 500 g / mol.

[0433] The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 200 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 200 g / mol to about 700 g / mol.

[0434] The first polyol may include a polyether diol.

[0435] The first polyol may include poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol.

[0436] The ether-based polyurethane acrylate may include a first polyol in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mole parts of the first diisocyanate based on 100 mole parts. The ether-based polyurethane acrylate may include a first polyol in an amount of about 65 to about 95 mole parts of the first diisocyanate based on 100 mole parts. The ether-based polyurethane acrylate may include a first polyol in an amount of about 70 to about 90 mole parts of the first diisocyanate based on 100 mole parts.

[0437] The first diisocyanate may have a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol.

[0438] The first diisocyanate may be one or more of isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0439] The first diisocyanate may be isophorone diisocyanate.

[0440] The first diisocyanate may be included in the ether-based urethane acrylate in an amount of about 30 mol % to about 70 mol % based on the total moles of the ether-based urethane acrylate. The diisocyanate may be included in the ether-based urethane acrylate in an amount of about 40 mol % to about 60 mol % based on the total moles of the ether-based urethane acrylate.

[0441] The first acrylate may have a molecular weight of about 50 g / mol to about 500 g / mol.

[0442] The first acrylate may include monoacrylate.

[0443] The first acrylate may be at least one selected from 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate methacrylate.

[0444] The ether-based urethane acrylate may include the first acrylate in an amount of about 20 to about 40 molar parts based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether-based urethane acrylate may include the first acrylate in an amount of about 23 to about 37 molar parts based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether-based urethane acrylate may include the first acrylate in an amount of about 25 to about 35 molar parts based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate.

[0445] The weight average molecular weight of the ether-based polyurethane acrylate may be about 1000 g / mol to about 100000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the ether-based polyurethane acrylate may be about 2000 g / mol to about 70000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the ether-based polyurethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0446] The ether-based urethane acrylate may include a second diisocyanate, a second polyol, and a second acrylate.

[0447] The second diisocyanate may include an aliphatic diisocyanate.

[0448] The second diisocyanate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (H12MDI), and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0449] The second diisocyanate may be included in an amount of about 20 mol% to about 60 mol% based on 100 mol% of the ether-based urethane acrylate. The second diisocyanate may be included in an amount of about 30 mol% to about 50 mol% based on 100 mol% of the ether-based urethane acrylate.

[0450] The second polyol may include a polyester diol or a polycaprolactone diol.

[0451] The weight average molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol may be about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol may be about 100 g / mol to about 800 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol may be about 200 g / mol to about 800 g / mol.

[0452] The second acrylate may be at least one selected from 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate methacrylate.

[0453] The molecular weight of the ether-based urethane acrylate may be about 3000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol. The molecular weight of the ether-based urethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0454] The viscosity of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 10,000 cPs to about 100,000 cPs at about 25° C. The viscosity of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 1,000 cPs to about 8,000 cPs at about 60° C.

[0455] Polyurethane acrylates are commercially available. Polyurethane acrylates can be at least one selected from the following, for example: products Miramer PU210, Miramer PU256, Miramer PU2050, Miramer PU2100, Miramer PU2300C, Miramer PU2560, Miramer PU320, Miramer PU340, Miramer PU3000, Miramer PU3200, Miramer PU3450, Miramer PU5000, Miramer PU610, Miramer MU9500, Miramer MU9800, Miramer SC2154, Miramer SC2404 and Miramer SC2565 from MIWON.

[0456] The acrylate copolymer may include epoxy acrylate.

[0457] Epoxy acrylate can be formed by reacting epoxy compound and acrylate. The molar ratio of epoxy compound to acrylate can be about 1:1.5 to about 1:3.5.

[0458] The epoxy compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A epoxy compounds, bisphenol F epoxy compounds, and novolac epoxy compounds.

[0459] The acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.

[0460] The weight average molecular weight of the epoxy acrylate may be about 200 g / mol to about 3000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the epoxy acrylate may be about 500 g / mol to about 2000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the epoxy acrylate may be about 500 g / mol to about 2000 g / mol.

[0461] The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 100 cPs to about 5000 cPs at about 25° C. The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 100 cPs to about 5000 cPs at about 25° C. The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 10000 cPs to about 40000 cPs at about 25° C.

[0462] In addition, the epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 3000 cPs to about 8000 cPs at about 40°C.

[0463] In addition, the epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 200 cPs to about 6000 cPs at about 60°C.

[0464] Epoxy acrylates are commercially available. The epoxy acrylate may be at least one selected from the following: for example, the products Miramer PE210, Miramer PE250, Miramer SC6300, Miramer SC6400, Miramer PE110H, Miramer PE230, Miramer PE310, Miramer EA2235, Miramer EA2255, Miramer EA2259 or Miramer EA2280 from MIWON.

[0465] The curable resin composition may further include a multifunctional acrylate monomer.

[0466] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may include a difunctional acrylate or a trifunctional acrylate.

[0467] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may include two or more functional groups. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be a monomer comprising two or more functional acrylate groups. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be an aliphatic compound comprising three acrylates.

[0468] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be at least one selected from the following: trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane (ethylene oxide) 3 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO)3 Triacrylate), trimethylolpropane (EO) 6 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO) 6 Triacrylate), trimethylolpropane (EO) 9 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO) 9 Triacrylate), trimethylolpropane (EO) 15 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO) 15 Triacrylate), glycerol (propylene oxide) 3 Triacrylate(Glycerol(PO) 3 triacrylate) and pentaerythritol triacrylate.

[0469] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a molecular weight of about 200 to about 800. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a molecular weight of about 200 to about 400.

[0470] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a viscosity of about 20 cps to about 300 cps at about 25°C.

[0471] The content of the multifunctional acrylate monomer in the curable resin composition can be about 5wt% to about 30wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the multifunctional acrylate monomer in the curable resin composition can be about 10wt% to about 25wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the multifunctional acrylate monomer in the curable resin composition can be about 13wt% to about 23wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0472] The curable resin composition may include a monofunctional acrylate monomer. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be a monomer including one functional acrylate group. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be an aromatic compound including one functional acrylate group.

[0473] The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be at least one selected from the group consisting of caprolactone acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, phenoxybenzyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, o-phenylphenol ethylene oxide acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, biphenyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, phenol (ethylene oxide) acrylate (phenol (EO) acrylate), phenol (ethylene oxide) acrylate, and the like. 2 Acrylate(phenol(EO) 2 Acrylate), Phenol(ethylene oxide) 4 Acrylate(phenol(EO) 4 acrylate) and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate.

[0474] In addition, the molecular weight of the monofunctional acrylate monomer may be about 150 to about 800. The molecular weight of the monofunctional acrylate monomer may be about 200 to about 400.

[0475] In addition, the monofunctional acrylate monomer may have a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 60 cps at about 25°C.

[0476] The content of the monofunctional acrylate monomer in the curable composition can be about 5wt% to about 20wt% of the weight of the curable composition. The content of the monofunctional acrylate monomer in the curable composition can be about 5wt% to about 10wt% of the weight of the curable composition. The content of the monofunctional acrylate monomer in the curable composition can be about 10wt% to about 15wt% of the total weight of the curable composition.

[0477] The curable composition may include an acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group. That is, the acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group may have both thermal curability and photocurability.

[0478] The heat-curable acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of urethane acrylate including a thermosetting functional group, epoxy acrylate including a thermosetting functional group, ester-based acrylate including a thermosetting functional group, and ether-based acrylate including a thermosetting functional group.

[0479] The heat-curable acrylate may include a carboxyl group. The heat-curable acrylate may be at least one of the compounds represented by the following Chemical Formulas 1 to 9:

[0480] [Chemical formula 1]

[0481]

[0482] [Chemical formula 2]

[0483]

[0484] [Chemical formula 3]

[0485]

[0486] [Chemical formula 4]

[0487]

[0488] [Chemical formula 5]

[0489]

[0490] [Chemical formula 6]

[0491]

[0492] [Chemical formula 7]

[0493]

[0494] [Chemical formula 8]

[0495]

[0496] [Chemical formula 9]

[0497]

[0498] The content of the heat-curable acrylate in the curable resin composition can be about 1wt% to about 10wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the heat-curable acrylate in the curable resin composition can be about 0.5wt% to about 5wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the heat-curable acrylate in the curable resin composition can be about 2wt% to about 8wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0499] Since the curable resin composition includes the thermally curable acrylate, the electrolyte composition coating layer coated with the electrolyte composition including the curable resin composition can be easily cured or semi-cured.

[0500] Therefore, the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be effectively protected from external physical and chemical influences.

[0501] The curable resin composition may further include a photocuring initiator.

[0502] The photoinitiator may be one or more selected from the group consisting of benzophenone-based photoinitiators, thioxanthone-based photoinitiators, α-hydroxyketone-based photoinitiators, ketone-based photoinitiators, phenylglyoxylate-based photoinitiators, and acryloylphosphine oxide-based photoinitiators.

[0503] The photoinitiator may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0504] The photocurable resin composition may include a first photoinitiator and a second photoinitiator operating in different wavelength ranges.

[0505] Specifically, the curable resin composition may include a first photoinitiator operating in a wavelength range of 208 nm to 295 nm and a second photoinitiator operating in a wavelength range of 320 nm to 395 nm.

[0506] The operating wavelength range of the first photoinitiator may be 208 nm to 275 nm, or 208 nm to 245 nm, and the operating wavelength range of the second photoinitiator may be 330 nm to 390 nm, or 340 nm to 385 nm.

[0507] As a specific example, the first photoinitiator can be provided by a light source having a wavelength in the range of 208 nm to 295 nm and a light quantity of 100 mJ / cm 2 Up to 200mJ / cm 2 In addition, the second photoinitiator can be generated by ultraviolet light with a wavelength range of 320nm to 395nm and a light quantity of 500mJ / cm 2 Up to 1000mJ / cm 2 The ultraviolet light breaks it down and produces free radicals.

[0508] The first photoinitiator may be, for example, a ketone photoinitiator, and the first photoinitiator may have one or more aromatic groups or alicyclic groups. Specific examples of the first photoinitiator include hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone.

[0509] The second photoinitiator may be, for example, a phosphine-based photoinitiator, and the second photoinitiator may have one or more aromatic groups. Specific examples of the second photoinitiator include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine.

[0510] Since the curable resin composition includes the first photoinitiator and the second photoinitiator, the electrolyte composition coating layer coated with the electrolyte composition including the curable resin composition can be easily cured or semi-cured. That is, ultraviolet rays of a specific wavelength can be used, and the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be easily cured or semi-cured.

[0511] Therefore, the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be effectively protected from external physical and chemical influences.

[0512] The electrolyte layer 700 may further include an antioxidant.

[0513] The antioxidant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a phenol-based antioxidant, a sulfur-based antioxidant, an amine-based antioxidant, a polyimide-based antioxidant, and a phosphorus-based antioxidant.

[0514] The antioxidant may be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte layer 700. The antioxidant may be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte layer 700.

[0515] Since the electrolyte layer 700 includes the antioxidant, the electrolyte layer 700 can be easily protected from chemical impacts such as external oxygen. Therefore, the electrolyte layer 700 can also have a constant light transmittance even if it is left for a long time.

[0516] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 30 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 30 μm to about 150 μm.

[0517] When the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is subjected to mechanical deformation (such as winding, bending or twisting), since the electrolyte layer 700 has the thickness range as described above, the electrolyte layer 700 can maintain an appropriate cell gap. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have uniform optical properties as a whole.

[0518] The transmittance of the electrolyte layer 700 may be in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 has a transmittance of 60% to 95% for visible light having a wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, visible light having a wavelength of 400nm or a wavelength of 550nm. The transmittance may be a total light transmittance, and a known haze meter (HM) may be used to measure the transmittance.

[0519] The electrochromic element of this embodiment can be produced by the following method. Figures 9 to 12 It is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the electrochromic element according to the present embodiment.

[0520] See also Fig. 9 , forming a first transparent electrode 300 on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. A metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide, is deposited on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like, thereby forming the first transparent electrode 300.

[0521] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process. The metal nanowires are coated on the first substrate 100 together with a binder to form the first transparent electrode 300. The first transparent electrode 300 may also be formed by coating the first substrate 100 with a conductive polymer.

[0522] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like and patterned, thereby forming a layer of the first transparent electrode 300 including a metal mesh on the first substrate 100 .

[0523] Next, a first color-changing layer 500 is formed on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic material, a binder and a solvent is coated on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic material, an electron accepting material, a binder and a solvent is coated on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0524] The first sol solution may include a first color-changing material in a particle form in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 30 wt %. The first sol solution may include a binder in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 30 wt %. The first sol solution may include a solvent in an amount of about 60 wt % to about 90 wt %.

[0525] The first sol solution may additionally include a dispersant.

[0526] The solvent may be at least one of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the following: ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, etc.

[0527] As mentioned above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0528] Reference Fig.10 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0529] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a vacuum coating process or by depositing a metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide, on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process.

[0530] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process. The metal nanowires may be coated on the second substrate 200 together with a binder to form the second transparent electrode 400. A conductive polymer may be coated on the second substrate 200 to form the second transparent electrode 400.

[0531] In addition, the second transparent electrode 400 may also be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, thereby forming a layer of the second transparent electrode 400 including a metal mesh on the second substrate 200 .

[0532] Next, a second color-changing layer 600 is formed on the second transparent electrode 400 layer. The second color-changing layer 600 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution including a second electrochromic material, a binder, and a solvent is coated on the layer of the second transparent electrode 400. A sol-gel reaction occurs in the coated second sol solution, thereby forming the second color-changing layer 600.

[0533] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing material in the form of particles. The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The second sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0534] The second sol solution may additionally include a dispersant.

[0535] Reference Fig.11 , an electrolyte composition for forming the electrolyte layer 700 is formed on the first color-changing layer 500 .

[0536] As described above, the electrolyte composition may include a solvent, a metal salt, and a curable resin composition. In addition, the electrolyte composition may further include additional additives, such as an antioxidant.

[0537] The electrolyte composition is coated on the first color-changing layer 500. Thus, an electrolyte composition layer is formed on the first color-changing layer 500.

[0538] Next, the electrolyte composition layer 701 may be cured or semi-cured.

[0539] The electrolyte composition layer may be cured or semi-cured by heating.The electrolyte composition layer may be cured or semi-cured at about 30°C to about 60°C for about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

[0540] The electrolyte composition layer 701 can be cured or semi-cured by light. The electrolyte composition layer can be cured or semi-cured by light with a wavelength range of 320 nm to 395 nm and a light intensity of 500 mJ / cm 2 Up to 1000mJ / cm 2 The ultraviolet light is used for curing or semi-curing.

[0541] See also Fig.12, the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are laminated on the electrolyte composition layer. Here, the second color-changing layer 600 is in direct contact with the electrolyte composition layer.

[0542] Next, the electrolyte composition layer is cured by light, and a first laminate including a first substrate 100, a first transparent electrode 300, and a first color-changing layer 500 is laminated to each other, and a second laminate including a second substrate 200, a second transparent electrode 400, and a second color-changing layer 600 is laminated to each other. That is, the first laminate and the second laminate may be adhered to each other through the electrolyte layer 700.

[0543] In addition, the electrochromic element of this embodiment may have light transmittance. Here, the light transmittance may refer to the light transmittance based on the state where the electrochromic element does not undergo photochromism. In the description of this embodiment, the light transmittance may refer to the total light transmittance.

[0544] The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 70% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 75% to about 88%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 78% to about 86%.

[0545] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a haze of about 5% or less. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 5%. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 4%. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 3%.

[0546] The light transmittance and haze can be measured according to ASTM D 1003 or the like.

[0547] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be subjected to a winding test.

[0548] Fig.13 and Fig.14 A process of performing a winding test on an electrochromic element according to an embodiment is shown. Fig.15 A plan view of a sample formed by cutting a portion of an electrochromic element according to an embodiment is shown.

[0549] refer to Fig.13 , one end of the electrochromic element 10 according to the embodiment is fixed to the outer periphery of the first core 11 to perform a winding test of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment.

[0550] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be machined for winding test. The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be cut. The cut electrochromic element may have a planar shape elongated in one direction. The cut electrochromic element may have a rectangular planar shape.

[0551] The cut electrochromic element may have a rectangular shape with a length of about 5 m and a width of about 0.5 m. The cut electrochromic element may have a rectangular shape with a length of about 4 m and a width of about 0.5 m. The cut electrochromic element may have a rectangular shape with a length of about 4.5 m and a width of about 0.45 m.

[0552] The first core 11 may be a tubular paper core or a tubular plastic core. The first core 11 may be in a cylindrical shape.

[0553] The diameter of the first core 11 may be about 20 cm. The diameter of the first core 11 may be about 25 cm. The diameter of the first core 11 may be about 30 cm. The diameter of the first core 11 may be about 15 cm.

[0554] Next, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be wound around the first core 11 in a state where a constant tension is applied to the electrochromic element 10 according to the embodiment.

[0555] The tension of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment when it is wound on the first core 11 may be about 10 N. The tension of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment when it is wound on the first core 11 may be about 15 N. The tension of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment when it is wound on the first core 11 may be about 5 N. The tension of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment when it is wound on the first core 11 may be about 20 N.

[0556] Next, the first wound electrochromic element may be placed for about a period of time. The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and at a relative humidity of about 50% for about 24 hours. The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and at a relative humidity of about 50% for about 10 days. The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and at a relative humidity of about 50% for about 15 days. The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and at a relative humidity of about 50% for about 20 days.

[0557] The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and at a relative humidity of about 30% for about 500 hours. The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and at a relative humidity of about 30% for about 1000 hours. The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and at a relative humidity of about 30% for about 700 hours.

[0558] Next, if Fig.14 As shown, the other end of the first wound electrochromic element 10 is fixed to the outer periphery of the second core 12 .

[0559] The second core 12 may be a tubular paper core or a tubular plastic core. The second core 12 may be cylindrical.

[0560] The diameter of the second core 12 may be about 20 cm. The diameter of the second core 12 may be about 25 cm. The diameter of the second core 12 may be about 30 cm. The diameter of the second core 12 may be about 15 cm.

[0561] Next, in a state where a constant tension is applied to the electrochromic element fixed to the second core 12 , the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is secondarily wound on the second core 12 while being unwound from the first core 11 .

[0562] The interval between the center of the first core 11 and the center of the second core 12 may be about 1 m.

[0563] The tension of the electrochromic element 10 according to the embodiment wound on the second core 12 may be about 10 N. The tension of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment wound on the second core 12 may be about 15 N. The tension of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment wound on the second core 12 may be about 5 N. The tension of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment wound on the second core 12 may be about 20 N.

[0564] Next, the twice-wound electrochromic element can be placed for about a period of time. The twice-wound electrochromic element can be placed at room temperature and in a relative humidity of about 50% for about 24 hours. The twice-wound electrochromic element can be placed at room temperature and in a relative humidity of about 50% for about 10 days. The twice-wound electrochromic element can be placed at room temperature and in a relative humidity of about 50% for about 15 days. The twice-wound electrochromic element can be placed at room temperature and in a relative humidity of about 50% for about 20 days.

[0565] The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and at a relative humidity of about 30% for about 500 hours. The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and at a relative humidity of about 30% for about 1000 hours. The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and at a relative humidity of about 30% for about 700 hours.

[0566] As described above, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be subjected to a winding test.

[0567] More specifically, the winding test can be performed in the following manner.

[0568] 1) The electrochromic element was cut into pieces having a length of about 4 m and a width of about 0.5 m.

[0569] 2) Fix one end of the electrochromic element on a first core having a diameter of 15 cm.

[0570] 3) The fixed electrochromic element is wound on the first core 11 at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute while maintaining a tension of 10N.

[0571] 4) The electrochromic element, in a state of being wound around the first core 11 , is placed under conditions of a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours.

[0572] 5) The other end of the placed electrochromic element is fixed to a second core 12 having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0573] 6) The electrochromic element wound on the first core 11 is unwound while maintaining a tension of 10 N and wound on the second core 12 at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute, and the direction of winding on the second core 12 is opposite to the direction of winding on the first core 11.

[0574] 7) The electrochromic element is placed in a state of being wound around the second core 12 at a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours, thereby completing a winding test.

[0575] Next, the coiled tested electrochromic element may be cut into multiple samples.

[0576] Next, refer to Fig.15 , a central region (CR) may be defined in the electrochromic element subjected to the winding test 10 , and measurement regions may be defined at various locations within the central region (CR).

[0577] In the electrochromic element 10 according to the embodiment, the central region (CR) may have a length of about 4 m and a width of about 0.4 m. The central region (CR) may have a length of about 3 m and a width of about 0.4 m. The central region (CR) may have a length of about 3 m and a width of about 0.35 m.

[0578] In addition, the size of each sample (S) may be about 10 cm x 10 cm. That is, the sample (S) may be obtained by cutting the central region (CR) into a square of about 10 cm x 10 cm.

[0579] Alternatively, samples can also be obtained by cutting a square of approximately 10 cm x 10 cm across the entire area.

[0580] Next, a driving voltage is applied to the cut sample so that the sample is colored. The driving voltage can be about 1V to about 5V. In addition, the driving voltage can be applied to the sample for about 20 seconds to about 2 minutes. A driving voltage of about 1.5V can be applied to the sample for about 1 minute. The driving voltage can be applied to the sample so that the sample can be fully colored.

[0581] In the samples, a driving voltage may be applied to the first transparent electrode 300 and the second transparent electrode 400, respectively. In the samples, a driving voltage may be applied to each sample in a state where a portion of the first transparent electrode 300 and a portion of the second transparent electrode 400 are exposed and electrically connected.

[0582] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a colored transmittance deviation after a winding test.

[0583] The tinted transmittance deviation can be measured by the following measurement method6:

[0584] [Measurement method 6]

[0585] After completing the winding test, the tinted transmittance of each sample is measured. Here, the average tinted transmittance, the maximum tinted transmittance, and the minimum tinted transmittance can be obtained from the sample. Here, the tinted transmittance deviation is the value (%) obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum tinted transmittance and the minimum tinted transmittance by the average tinted transmittance.

[0586] After the winding test, the tinted transmittance deviation can be expressed by the following formula 1:

[0587] [Formula 1]

[0588] Colored light transmittance deviation = (maximum colored transmittance - minimum colored transmittance) / average colored transmittance.

[0589] The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.4. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.35. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.3. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.25. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.2. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.15. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.1. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.07. The tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.05. The minimum value of the tinted transmittance deviation after the winding test may be about 0.001.

[0590] The average tinted transmittance may be about 5% to about 40%. The average tinted transmittance may be about 10% to about 30%. The average tinted transmittance may be about 10% to about 40%. The average tinted transmittance may be about 10% to about 30%. The average tinted transmittance may be about 10% to about 20%.

[0591] The maximum tinted transmittance may be from about 8% to about 43%. The maximum tinted transmittance may be from about 13% to about 33%. The maximum tinted transmittance may be from about 13% to about 43%. The maximum tinted transmittance may be from about 13% to about 33%. The maximum tinted transmittance may be from about 13% to about 23%.

[0592] The minimum tinted transmittance may be from about 3% to about 37%. The minimum tinted transmittance may be from about 7% to about 27%. The minimum tinted transmittance may be from about 7% to about 37%. The minimum tinted transmittance may be from about 7% to about 27%. The minimum tinted transmittance may be from about 7% to about 27%. The minimum tinted transmittance may be from about 7% to about 17%.

[0593] The difference between the maximum tinted transmittance and the average tinted transmittance may be less than about 5%. The difference between the maximum tinted transmittance and the average tinted transmittance may be less than about 3%. The difference between the maximum tinted transmittance and the average tinted transmittance may be less than about 2%.

[0594] The difference between the average tinted transmittance and the minimum tinted transmittance may be less than about 5%. The difference between the average tinted transmittance and the minimum tinted transmittance may be less than about 3%. The difference between the average tinted transmittance and the minimum tinted transmittance may be less than about 2%.

[0595] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a coloring transmittance deviation within the above range, and the maximum coloring transmittance, the minimum coloring transmittance, the average color-changing transmittance, and the difference between the maximum coloring transmittance and the average coloring transmittance, and the difference between the average coloring transmittance and the minimum coloring transmittance are within the above range, the electrochromic element can have an improved appearance.

[0596] After the winding test, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a color-changing transmittance deviation.

[0597] After the winding test, the color change transmittance deviation can be measured according to the following measurement method 7:

[0598] [Measurement method 7]

[0599] The colored sample is grounded, or an opposite driving voltage is applied to the colored sample to change color, and the color-changing transmittance of each color-changed sample is measured.

[0600] The reverse driving voltage may be about 1 V to about 5 V. In addition, the reverse driving voltage may be applied to the sample for about 20 seconds to about 2 minutes. A reverse driving voltage of about 1.5 V may be applied to the sample for about 1 minute.

[0601] After the winding test, the color change transmittance deviation is the value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum color change transmittance and the minimum color change transmittance of the sample by the average color change transmittance.

[0602] After the winding test, the color change transmittance deviation can be expressed by the following formula 2:

[0603] [Formula 2]

[0604] Color change transmittance deviation = (maximum color change transmittance - minimum color change transmittance) / average color change transmittance.

[0605] After the winding test, the color-changing transmittance deviation can be less than about 0.2. After the winding test, the color-changing transmittance deviation can be less than about 0.15. After the winding test, the color-changing transmittance deviation can be less than about 0.1. After the winding test, the color-changing transmittance deviation can be less than about 0.07. After the winding test, the color-changing transmittance deviation can be less than about 0.05. After the winding test, the minimum value of the color-changing transmittance deviation can be about 0.001.

[0606] The average color-changing transmittance may be about 40% to about 80%. The average color-changing transmittance may be about 45% to about 80%. The average color-changing transmittance may be about 50% to about 70%. The average color-changing transmittance may be about 50% to about 90%. The average color-changing transmittance may be about 55% to about 80%.

[0607] The maximum color-shifting transmittance may be about 43% to about 83%. The maximum color-shifting transmittance may be about 48% to about 83%. The maximum color-shifting transmittance may be about 53% to about 73%. The maximum color-shifting transmittance may be about 53% to about 93%. The maximum color-shifting transmittance may be about 58% to about 83%.

[0608] The minimum color-changing transmittance may be about 37% to about 77%. The minimum color-changing transmittance may be about 42% to about 77%. The minimum color-changing transmittance may be about 47% to about 67%. The minimum color-changing transmittance may be about 47% to about 87%. The minimum color-changing transmittance may be about 52% to about 77%.

[0609] The difference between the maximum color-shifting transmittance and the average color-shifting transmittance may be less than about 5%. The difference between the maximum color-shifting transmittance and the average color-shifting transmittance may be less than about 3%. The difference between the maximum color-shifting transmittance and the average color-shifting transmittance may be less than about 2%.

[0610] The difference between the average color-changing transmittance and the minimum color-changing transmittance may be less than about 5%. The difference between the average color-changing transmittance and the minimum color-changing transmittance may be less than about 3%. The difference between the average color-changing transmittance and the minimum color-changing transmittance may be less than about 2%.

[0611] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a color-changing transmittance deviation within the above range, and the maximum color-changing transmittance, the minimum color-changing transmittance, the average color-changing transmittance, and the difference between the maximum color-changing transmittance and the average color-changing transmittance, and the difference between the average color-changing transmittance and the minimum color-changing transmittance are all within the above range, the electrochromic element can have an improved appearance.

[0612] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a haze deviation after a winding test.

[0613] After the winding test, the haze deviation can be measured using the following measurement method 8:

[0614] [Measurement method 8]

[0615] In the electrochromic element subjected to the winding test, the haze of each sample was measured.

[0616] After the winding test, the haze deviation is the value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum haze and the minimum haze of the sample by the average haze.

[0617] After the winding test, the haze deviation can be less than about 0.2. After the winding test, the haze deviation can be less than about 0.15. After the winding test, the haze deviation can be less than about 0.1. After the winding test, the haze deviation can be less than about 0.07. After the winding test, the haze deviation can be less than about 0.05. After the winding test, the minimum value of the haze deviation can be about 0.001.

[0618] After the winding test, the maximum haze can be less than about 5%. After the winding test, the maximum haze can be less than about 4%. After the winding test, the maximum haze can be less than about 3%.

[0619] After the winding test, the minimum haze can be less than about 4.5%. After the winding test, the minimum haze can be less than about 3.5%. After the winding test, the minimum haze can be less than about 2.5%.

[0620] After the roll test, the average haze can be less than about 5%. After the roll test, the average haze can be less than about 4%. After the roll test, the average haze can be less than about 3%.

[0621] After the winding test, the difference between the maximum haze and the average haze can be less than 1%; after the winding test, the difference between the maximum haze and the average haze can be less than 0.5%.

[0622] After the winding test, the difference between the average haze and the minimum haze can be less than 1%; after the winding test, the difference between the average haze and the minimum haze can be less than 0.5%.

[0623] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a haze deviation within the above range, as well as an average haze, a maximum haze, a minimum haze, and a difference between the maximum haze and the average haze, and a difference between the average haze and the minimum haze within the above range, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have an improved appearance.

[0624] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a driving range and a driving range deviation.

[0625] The drive range and the drive range deviation can be measured by the following measurement method9:

[0626] [Measurement method 9]

[0627] In the electrochromic element after the winding test, the driving range of the sample is the difference between the color changing transmittance and the tinting transmittance of the sample, and the driving range deviation is the difference between the maximum driving range and the minimum driving range of the sample divided by the average driving range.

[0628] In an electrochromic element according to an embodiment, the drive range deviation after the winding test may be less than about 0.2. After the winding test, the drive range deviation may be less than about 0.15. After the winding test, the drive range deviation may be less than about 0.1. After the winding test, the drive range deviation may be less than about 0.07. After the winding test, the drive range deviation may be less than about 0.05. After the winding test, the minimum value of the drive range deviation may be about 0.001.

[0629] The driving range can be obtained by the following formula 3:

[0630] [Formula 3]

[0631] Driving range = color change transmittance - coloring transmittance

[0632] The driving range deviation can be obtained by the following formula 4:

[0633] [Formula 4]

[0634] Drive range deviation = (maximum drive range - minimum drive range) / average drive range

[0635] The average drive range may be about 30% to about 70%. The average drive range may be about 40% to about 60%. The average drive range may be about 42% to about 58%.

[0636] The maximum drive range may be from about 35% to about 75%. The maximum drive range may be from about 45% to about 65%. The maximum drive range may be from about 45% to about 61%.

[0637] The minimum drive range may be about 25% to about 65%. The minimum drive range may be about 35% to about 55%. The minimum drive range may be about 39% to about 55%.

[0638] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has the driving range deviation, the average driving range, the maximum driving range, and the minimum driving range within the above ranges, light incident to the inside may be appropriately controlled according to the external environment.

[0639] After the winding test, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has an appropriate coloring transmittance deviation, an appropriate color-changing transmittance deviation, an appropriate haze deviation, an appropriate driving range deviation, an appropriate maximum coloring transmittance, an appropriate minimum coloring transmittance, an appropriate average coloring transmittance, an appropriate maximum color-changing transmittance, an appropriate minimum color-changing transmittance, and an appropriate average color-changing transmittance within the above range. That is, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has flexibility, and at the same time, it can prevent the performance from being degraded due to a certain degree of mechanical deformation such as winding.

[0640] Since the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 have appropriate mechanical properties, the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 can be appropriately bent by external force. In addition, since the electrolyte layer 700 has appropriate mechanical properties, the electrolyte layer 700 can be easily bent by external force while effectively maintaining the cell gap.

[0641] Therefore, even if mechanical deformation such as winding is applied to the electrochromic element according to the embodiment by an external force, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can have uniform optical properties as a whole.

[0642] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have uniform colored transmittance, color-changing transmittance, and haze as a whole when recovering after being subjected to external mechanical deformation.

[0643] Specifically, the thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 in the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 30 μm or more. Therefore, the electrolyte layer 700 of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a buffering function even under external mechanical impact. At the same time, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have appropriate flexibility.

[0644] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can minimize the appearance change caused by squeezing and / or bending, etc., and can maintain the color change performance. In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a fast recovery performance, the electrochromic element can have an improved appearance.

[0645] Furthermore, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is resistant to mechanical deformation such as winding, it can be easily manufactured by a production process including a winding process such as a roll-to-roll process.

[0646] In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may be formed by a thermal cross-linking process and a photo-curing process of the curable resin, so that the electrolyte layer 700 may have a high cross-linking density.

[0647] Therefore, the electrolyte layer 700 may be firmly combined with the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved peel strength.

[0648] In addition, since the electrolyte layer 700 has an improved cross-linking density, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent leakage of the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer 700. In addition, since the electrolyte layer 700 has appropriate bonding strength and elasticity even if the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is wound or twisted, the coloring transmittance deviation that may occur due to peeling or the like can be reduced.

[0649] Fig.16 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic element according to an embodiment.

[0650] refer to Fig.16 , the electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes a first laminate 11 and a second laminate 12. The second laminate 12 is provided on the first laminate 11. The second laminate 12 is laminated on the first laminate 11.

[0651] The first laminate 11 includes a first substrate 100, a first transparent electrode 300, a first color-changing layer 500, and an electrolyte layer 700. The second laminate 12 includes a second substrate 200, a second transparent electrode 400, and a second color-changing layer 600.

[0652] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0653] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 are sandwiched between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0654] The second substrate 200 faces the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be misaligned with one end of the first substrate 100. The other end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be misaligned with the other end of the first substrate 100.

[0655] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0656] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 are sandwiched between the second substrate 200 and the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 together with the first substrate 100 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0657] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be deposited on the first substrate 100. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 300 and the first substrate 100.

[0658] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed under the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be deposited on the second substrate 200. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0659] The first color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on an upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0660] The first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 300. In addition, the first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 500 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0661] The second color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0662] The second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 400. In addition, the second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The second color-changing layer 600 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0663] The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 is disposed below the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0664] The electrolyte layer 700 may include cations that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The cations may include metal ions. The metal ions may be one selected from the following: lithium ions (Li+), sodium ions (Na+), and potassium ions (K+). The cations may be rubidium ions (Rb+) or cesium ions (Cs+).

[0665] The electrolyte layer 700 contains a solvent, which is a solvent with low permeability.

[0666] When the solvent contacts the first substrate 100 and / or the second substrate 200 , the solvent may hardly penetrate into the inside of the first substrate 100 and / or the second substrate 200 .

[0667] The molecular weight of the solvent may be from about 100 to about 1000. The molecular weight of the solvent may be from about 100 to about 800. The molecular weight of the solvent may be from about 500 to about 1000.

[0668] The melting point of the solvent may be from about 25° C. to about 98° C. The melting point of the solvent may be from about -5° C. to about 10° C.

[0669] The boiling point of the solvent may be above about 200° C. The boiling point of the solvent may be from about 200° C. to about 300° C.

[0670] The relative polarity of the solvent may be from about 0.3 to about 0.5 where water is 1.

[0671] The viscosity of the solvent may be about 10 cP to about 100 cP at 25°C.

[0672] The viscosity of the solvent may be from about 1500 cP to about 2500 cP at about 91°C.

[0673] The viscosity of the solvent may be from about 5 cP to about 20 cP at about 20°C.

[0674] Since the solvent has the above-mentioned properties, the solvent does not cause damage to the first substrate 100 and / or the second substrate 200. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved optical durability.

[0675] The solvent may be one or more of acetamide, adiponitrile, sulfolane and polyethylene glycol.

[0676] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a metal salt. The metal salt may be at least one selected from the following: LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 、LiAsF 6 、LiPF 6 、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi and NaClO 4 .

[0677] In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing Cl or F elements as a metal salt. The electrolyte layer 700 may include one or more metal salts selected from the following: LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 、LiAsF 6 、LiPF 6 、LiCl、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiAlCl 4 CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 Nli and NaClO 4 .

[0678] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin composition that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heating. The curable resin composition may be at least one selected from the following: acrylate-based oligomers, polyethylene glycol-based oligomers, polyurethane-based oligomers, polyester-based oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol diacrylate. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0679] In more detail, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin composition. The curable resin composition may have photocurability and / or thermal curability.

[0680] The curable resin composition may include an acrylate copolymer.

[0681] The acrylate copolymer may be at least one selected from the group consisting of urethane acrylate and epoxy acrylate.

[0682] The molecular weight of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 3000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol. The molecular weight of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0683] The urethane acrylate may include ether-based urethane acrylate.

[0684] The ether-based polyurethane acrylate comprises a first polyol, a diisocyanate and an acrylate. The ether-based polyurethane acrylate can be prepared by reacting a polyether diol, a diisocyanate and an acrylate.

[0685] The ether-based urethane acrylate may include a first polyol having a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol; a first diisocyanate having a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol; and a first acrylate having a molecular weight of about 50 g / mol to about 500 g / mol.

[0686] The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 200 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 200 g / mol to about 700 g / mol.

[0687] The first polyol may include a polyether diol.

[0688] The first polyol may include poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol.

[0689] The ether-based polyurethane acrylate may include a first polyol in an amount of about 60 to about 100 mole parts of the first diisocyanate based on 100 mole parts. The ether-based polyurethane acrylate may include a first polyol in an amount of about 65 to about 95 mole parts of the first diisocyanate based on 100 mole parts. The ether-based polyurethane acrylate may include a first polyol in an amount of about 70 to about 90 mole parts of the first diisocyanate based on 100 mole parts.

[0690] The first diisocyanate may have a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol.

[0691] The first diisocyanate may be one or more selected from isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0692] The first diisocyanate may be isophorone diisocyanate.

[0693] The first diisocyanate may be present in the ether-based urethane acrylate in an amount of about 30 mol% to about 70 mol% of the total moles of the ether-based urethane acrylate, and the diisocyanate may be present in the ether-based urethane acrylate in an amount of about 40 mol% to about 60 mol% of the total moles of the ether-based urethane acrylate.

[0694] The first acrylate may have a molecular weight of about 50 g / mol to about 500 g / mol.

[0695] The first acrylate may include monoacrylate.

[0696] The first acrylate may be at least one selected from 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate methacrylate.

[0697] The ether-based urethane acrylate may include the first acrylate in an amount of about 20 to about 40 molar parts based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether-based urethane acrylate may include the first acrylate in an amount of about 23 to about 37 molar parts based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether-based urethane acrylate may include the first acrylate in an amount of about 25 to about 35 molar parts based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate.

[0698] The weight average molecular weight of the ether-based polyurethane acrylate may be about 1000 g / mol to about 100000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the ether-based polyurethane acrylate may be about 2000 g / mol to about 70000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the ether-based polyurethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0699] The ether-based urethane acrylate may include a second diisocyanate, a second polyol, and a second acrylate.

[0700] The second diisocyanate may include an aliphatic diisocyanate.

[0701] The second diisocyanate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (H12MDI), and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0702] The second diisocyanate may be contained in the ether-based urethane acrylate in an amount of about 20 mol% to about 60 mol% based on 100 mol% of the ether-based urethane acrylate. The second diisocyanate may be contained in the ether-based urethane acrylate in an amount of about 30 mol% to about 50 mol% based on 100 mol% of the ether-based urethane acrylate.

[0703] The second polyol may include a polyester diol or a polycaprolactone diol.

[0704] The weight average molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol may be about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol may be about 100 g / mol to about 800 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol may be about 200 g / mol to about 800 g / mol.

[0705] The second acrylate may be at least one selected from 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate methacrylate.

[0706] The molecular weight of the ether-based urethane acrylate may be about 3000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol. The molecular weight of the ether-based urethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0707] The viscosity of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 10,000 cPs to about 100,000 cPs at about 25° C. The viscosity of the polyurethane acrylate may be about 1,000 cPs to about 8,000 cPs at about 60° C.

[0708] Polyurethane acrylates are commercially available. Polyurethane acrylates can be at least one selected from the following, for example: products Miramer PU210, Miramer PU256, Miramer PU2050, Miramer PU2100, Miramer PU2300C, Miramer PU2560, Miramer PU320, Miramer PU340, Miramer PU3000, Miramer PU3200, Miramer PU3450, Miramer PU5000, Miramer PU610, Miramer MU9500, Miramer MU9800, Miramer SC2154, Miramer SC2404 and Miramer SC2565 from MIWON.

[0709] The acrylate copolymer may include epoxy acrylate.

[0710] Epoxy acrylate may be generated by reacting an epoxy compound with an acrylate, wherein the molar ratio of the epoxy compound to the acrylate is 1:1.5 to 1:3.5.

[0711] The epoxy compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A epoxy compounds, bisphenol F epoxy compounds, and novolac epoxy compounds.

[0712] The acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.

[0713] The weight average molecular weight of the epoxy acrylate may be about 200 g / mol to about 3000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the epoxy acrylate may be about 500 g / mol to about 2000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the epoxy acrylate may be about 500 g / mol to about 2000 g / mol.

[0714] The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 100 cPs to about 5000 cPs at about 25° C. The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 100 cPs to about 5000 cPs at about 25° C. The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 10000 cPs to about 40000 cPs at about 25° C.

[0715] In addition, the epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 3000 cPs to about 8000 cPs at about 40°C.

[0716] In addition, the epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 200 cPs to about 6000 cPs at about 60°C.

[0717] Epoxy acrylates are commercially available. The epoxy acrylate may be at least one selected from the following: for example, the products Miramer PE210, Miramer PE250, Miramer SC6300, Miramer SC6400, Miramer PE110H, Miramer PE230, Miramer PE310, Miramer EA2235, Miramer EA2255, Miramer EA2259 or Miramer EA2280 from MIWON.

[0718] The curable resin composition may further include a multifunctional acrylate monomer.

[0719] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may include a difunctional acrylate or a trifunctional acrylate.

[0720] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may include two or more functional groups. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be a monomer comprising two or more acrylate functional groups. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be an aliphatic compound comprising three acrylates.

[0721] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be at least one selected from the following: trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane (ethylene oxide) 3 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO) 3 Triacrylate), trimethylolpropane (EO) 6 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO) 6 Triacrylate), trimethylolpropane (EO) 9 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO) 9 Triacrylate), trimethylolpropane (EO) 15 Triacrylate (Trimethylolpropane (EO) 15 Triacrylate), glycerol (propylene oxide) 3 Triacrylate(Glycerol(PO) 3 triacrylate) and pentaerythritol triacrylate.

[0722] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a molecular weight of about 200 to about 800. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a molecular weight of about 200 to about 400.

[0723] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a viscosity of about 20 cps to about 300 cps at about 25°C.

[0724] The content of the multifunctional acrylate monomer in the curable resin composition can be about 5wt% to about 30wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the multifunctional acrylate monomer in the curable resin composition can be about 10wt% to about 25wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the multifunctional acrylate monomer in the curable resin composition can be about 13wt% to about 23wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0725] The curable resin composition may include a monofunctional acrylate monomer. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be a monomer including one functional acrylate group. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be an aromatic compound including one functional acrylate group.

[0726] The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be at least one selected from the group consisting of caprolactone acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, phenoxybenzyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, o-phenylphenol ethylene oxide acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, biphenyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, phenol (ethylene oxide) acrylate (phenol (EO) acrylate), phenol (ethylene oxide) acrylate, and the like. 2 Acrylate(phenol(EO) 2 Acrylate), Phenol(ethylene oxide) 4 Acrylate(phenol(EO) 4 acrylate) and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate.

[0727] In addition, the molecular weight of the monofunctional acrylate monomer may be about 150 to about 800. The molecular weight of the monofunctional acrylate monomer may be about 200 to about 400.

[0728] In addition, the monofunctional acrylate monomer may have a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 60 cps at about 25°C.

[0729] The content of the monofunctional acrylate monomer in the curable composition can be about 5wt% to about 20wt% of the weight of the curable composition. The content of the monofunctional acrylate monomer in the curable composition can be about 5wt% to about 10wt% of the weight of the curable composition. The content of the monofunctional acrylate monomer in the curable composition can be about 10wt% to about 15wt% of the total weight of the curable composition.

[0730] The curable composition may include an acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group. That is, the acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group may have both thermal curability and photocurability.

[0731] The heat-curable acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of urethane acrylate including a thermosetting functional group, epoxy acrylate including a thermosetting functional group, ester-based acrylate including a thermosetting functional group, and ether-based acrylate including a thermosetting functional group.

[0732] The thermal curing acrylate may include a carboxyl group. The thermal curing acrylate may be at least one of the compounds represented by Chemical Formulas 1 to 9 as described above.

[0733] The content of the heat-curable acrylate in the curable resin composition can be about 1wt% to about 10wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the heat-curable acrylate in the curable resin composition can be about 0.5wt% to about 5wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition. The content of the heat-curable acrylate in the curable resin composition can be about 2wt% to about 8wt% of the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0734] Since the curable resin composition includes the thermally curable acrylate, the electrolyte composition coating layer coated with the electrolyte composition including the curable resin composition can be easily cured or semi-cured.

[0735] Therefore, the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be effectively protected from external physical and chemical influences.

[0736] The curable resin composition may further include a photocuring initiator.

[0737] The photoinitiator may be one or more selected from the group consisting of benzophenone-based photoinitiators, thioxanthone-based photoinitiators, α-hydroxyketone-based photoinitiators, ketone-based photoinitiators, phenylglyoxylate-based photoinitiators, and acryloylphosphine oxide-based photoinitiators.

[0738] The photoinitiator may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0739] The photocurable resin composition may include a first photoinitiator and a second photoinitiator operating in different wavelength ranges.

[0740] Specifically, the curable resin composition may include a first photoinitiator operating in a wavelength range of 208 nm to 295 nm and a second photoinitiator operating in a wavelength range of 320 nm to 395 nm.

[0741] The operating wavelength range of the first photoinitiator may be 208 nm to 275 nm, or 208 nm to 245 nm, and the operating wavelength range of the second photoinitiator may be 330 nm to 390 nm, or 340 nm to 385 nm.

[0742] As a specific example, the first photoinitiator can be provided by a light source having a wavelength in the range of 208 nm to 295 nm and a light quantity of 100 mJ / cm 2 Up to 200mJ / cm 2 In addition, the second photoinitiator can be generated by ultraviolet light with a wavelength range of 320nm to 395nm and a light quantity of 500mJ / cm 2 Up to 1000mJ / cm 2 The ultraviolet light breaks it down and produces free radicals.

[0743] The first photoinitiator may be, for example, a ketone photoinitiator, and the first photoinitiator may have one or more aromatic groups or alicyclic groups. Specific examples of the first photoinitiator include hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone.

[0744] The second photoinitiator may be, for example, a phosphine-based photoinitiator, and the second photoinitiator may have one or more aromatic groups. Specific examples of the second photoinitiator include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine.

[0745] Since the curable resin composition includes the first photoinitiator and the second photoinitiator, the electrolyte composition coating layer coated with the electrolyte composition including the curable resin composition can be easily cured or semi-cured. That is, ultraviolet rays of a specific wavelength can be used, and the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be easily cured or semi-cured.

[0746] Therefore, the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be effectively protected from external physical and chemical influences.

[0747] The electrolyte layer 700 may further include an antioxidant.

[0748] The antioxidant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a phenol-based antioxidant, a sulfur-based antioxidant, an amine-based antioxidant, a polyimide-based antioxidant, and a phosphorus-based antioxidant.

[0749] The antioxidant may be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte layer 700. The antioxidant may be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte layer 700.

[0750] Since the electrolyte layer 700 includes the antioxidant, the electrolyte layer 700 can be easily protected from chemical impacts such as external oxygen. Therefore, the electrolyte layer 700 can also have a constant light transmittance even if it is left for a long time.

[0751] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0752] The transmittance of the electrolyte layer 700 may be in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 has a transmittance of 60% to 95% for visible light having a wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, visible light having a wavelength of 400nm or a wavelength of 550nm. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter (HM).

[0753] The electrochromic element of this embodiment can be manufactured by the following method: Figures 17 to 20 It is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment.

[0754] See also Fig.17 , forming a first transparent electrode 300 on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. A metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide, is deposited on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like, thereby forming the first transparent electrode 300.

[0755] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process. The metal nanowires are coated on the first substrate 100 together with a binder to form the first transparent electrode 300. The first transparent electrode 300 may also be formed by coating the first substrate 100 with a conductive polymer.

[0756] In addition, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like and patterned, thereby forming a layer of the first transparent electrode 300 including a metal mesh on the first substrate 100 .

[0757] Next, a first color-changing layer 500 is formed on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic material, a binder and a solvent is coated on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic material, an electron accepting material, a binder and a solvent is coated on the layer of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0758] The first sol solution may include a first color-changing material in a particle form in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 30 wt %. The first sol solution may include a binder in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 30 wt %. The first sol solution may include a solvent in an amount of about 60 wt % to about 90 wt %.

[0759] The first sol solution may additionally include a dispersant.

[0760] The solvent may be at least one of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the following: ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, etc.

[0761] As mentioned above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0762] See also Fig.18 , an electrolyte composition for forming the electrolyte layer 700 is applied on the first color-changing layer 500 . Thus, an electrolyte composition layer 701 is formed on the first color-changing layer 500 .

[0763] As described above, the electrolyte composition may include a solvent, a metal salt, and a curable resin composition. In addition, the electrolyte composition may further include additional additives, such as an antioxidant.

[0764] Next, a protective layer 900 is formed on the electrolyte composition layer 701. The protective layer 900 may be a polymer film including a release layer. The protective layer 900 may be a polyethylene terephthalate film including a release layer. The protective layer 900 may protect the electrolyte composition layer 701. In addition, since the protective layer 900 includes a release layer, the protective layer 900 may be easily removed when the electrolyte composition layer 701 is laminated on another layer.

[0765] Next, the electrolyte composition layer 701 may be cured or semi-cured.

[0766] The electrolyte composition layer 701 may be cured or semi-cured by heating. The electrolyte composition layer 701 may be cured or semi-cured at about 30° C. to about 60° C. for about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

[0767] The electrolyte composition layer 701 can be cured or semi-cured by light. The electrolyte composition layer 701 can be cured or semi-cured by light with a wavelength range of 320 nm to 395 nm and a light intensity of 500 mJ / cm 2 Up to 1000mJ / cm 2 The ultraviolet light is used for curing or semi-curing.

[0768] Thus, a first laminate 11 including a first substrate 100, a first transparent electrode 300, a first color-changing layer 500, and an electrolyte composition layer 701 may be formed. The first laminate 11 may be a structural member for manufacturing an electrochromic element according to an embodiment. In addition, a protective layer 900 may be provided on the first laminate 11. The protective layer 900 may cover the upper surface of the electrolyte composition layer 701.

[0769] Reference Fig.19 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0770] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by vacuum coating process by depositing conductive metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide, on the second substrate 200 by sputtering process or the like, thereby forming the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0771] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process. The metal nanowires may be coated on the second substrate 200 together with a binder to form the second transparent electrode 400. A conductive polymer may be coated on the second substrate 200 to form the second transparent electrode 400.

[0772] In addition, the second transparent electrode 400 may also be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, thereby forming a layer of the second transparent electrode 400 including a metal mesh on the second substrate 200 .

[0773] Next, a second color-changing layer 600 is formed on the second transparent electrode 400 layer. The second color-changing layer 600 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution including a second electrochromic material, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the second transparent electrode 40. A sol-gel reaction occurs in the coated second sol solution, thereby forming the second color-changing layer 600.

[0774] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing material in the form of particles. The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The second sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0775] The second sol solution may additionally include a dispersant.

[0776] Thus, a laminate 12 including a second substrate 200, a second transparent electrode 400 and a second color-changing layer 600 is formed. The second laminate 12 may be a structural member for forming an electrochromic element according to an embodiment. In addition, a release liner for protecting the second color-changing layer 600 may be provided on the second color-changing layer 600.

[0777] Prior to the lamination process described below, the first laminate 11 may be placed for about 60 days or longer. For example, the first laminate 11 may be transported for about 60 days or longer. The first laminate 11 may be transported for about 90 days or longer. The first laminate 11 may be transported for about 120 days or longer.

[0778] The first laminate 11 may be stored or transported in a roll state for the above-mentioned time. In addition, the first laminate 11 may be stored or transported at room temperature and in a humidity state of about 30% to about 60% for the above-mentioned period of time or longer.

[0779] In addition, before the lamination process described below, the second laminate 12 can be placed for about 60 days or more. For example, the second laminate 12 can be transported for about 60 days or more. The second laminate 12 can be transported for about 90 days or more. The second laminate 12 can be transported for about 120 days or more.

[0780] The second laminate 12 may be stored or transported in a roll state for the above-mentioned time. In addition, the second laminate 12 may be stored or transported at room temperature and in a humidity state of about 30% to about 60% for the above-mentioned period of time.

[0781] See also Fig. 20 , the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are laminated on the electrolyte composition layer 701. Here, the second color-changing layer 600 is in direct contact with the electrolyte composition layer 701. In addition, the protective layer 900 is removed, and the second color-changing layer 600 is laminated on the electrolyte composition layer 701.

[0782] The lamination process may be performed after the above-mentioned period of time has passed.

[0783] Next, the electrolyte composition layer is cured by light, and the first laminate 11 including the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300 and the first color-changing layer 500 and the second laminate 12 including the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are laminated to each other. That is, the first laminate 11 and the second laminate 12 may be adhered to each other through the electrolyte layer 700.

[0784] In addition, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have light transmittance. Here, the light transmittance may refer to the light transmittance based on the state where the electrochromic element does not undergo photochromism. In addition, the light transmittance may refer to the total light transmittance.

[0785] The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 70% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 75% to about 88%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 78% to about 86%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic element may be about 65% to about 80%.

[0786] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a haze of about 5% or less. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 5%. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 4%. The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 3%.

[0787] The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may increase.

[0788] The haze increase amount may be the difference in haze before and after the following 1000-hour standing test.

[0789] The 1000-hour static test can be performed as follows.

[0790] Fig.21 and Fig. 22 A process of performing a 1000-hour static test on the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is shown.

[0791] See also Fig.21 In order to perform a 1000-hour static test on the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, one end of the electrochromic element 10 according to the embodiment is fixed to the outer periphery of the first core 15 .

[0792] For the 1000-hour static test, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be machined. The electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be cut. The cut electrochromic element can have a planar shape elongated in one direction. The cut electrochromic element can have a rectangular planar shape.

[0793] The cut electrochromic element may have a rectangular shape with a length of about 5 m and a width of about 0.5 m. The cut electrochromic element may have a rectangular shape with a length of about 4 m and a width of about 0.5 m. The cut electrochromic element may have a rectangular shape with a length of about 4.5 m and a width of about 0.45 m.

[0794] The first core 15 may be a tubular paper core or a tubular plastic core. The first core 15 may have a cylindrical shape.

[0795] The diameter of the first core 15 may be about 20 cm. The diameter of the first core 15 may be about 25 cm. The diameter of the first core 15 may be about 30 cm. The diameter of the first core 15 may be about 15 cm.

[0796] Next, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is wound around the first core 15 in a state where a constant tension is applied to the electrochromic element according to the embodiment.

[0797] When the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is wound on the first core 15, the tension may be about 10 N. When the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is wound on the first core 15, the tension may be about 15 N. When the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is wound on the first core 15, the tension may be about 5 N. When the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is wound on the first core 15, the tension may be about 20 N.

[0798] Next, the first wound electrochromic element may be placed for a period of about 500 minutes at room temperature and a relative humidity of about 50%.

[0799] The first wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and about 30% relative humidity for about 500 hours.

[0800] Next, if Fig. 22 As shown, the other end of the first wound electrochromic element 10 is fixed to the outer periphery of the second core 16 .

[0801] The second core 16 may be a tubular paper core or a tubular plastic core. The second core 16 may have a cylindrical shape.

[0802] The diameter of the second core 16 may be about 20 cm. The diameter of the second core 16 may be about 25 cm. The diameter of the second core 16 may be about 30 cm. The diameter of the second core 16 may be about 15 cm.

[0803] Next, in a state where a constant tension is applied to the electrochromic element fixed to the second core 16 , the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is secondarily wound on the second core 16 while being unwound from the first core 15 .

[0804] The interval between the center of the first core 15 and the center of the second core 16 may be about 1 m.

[0805] The tension of the electrochromic element when wound on the second core 16 according to the embodiment may be about 10 N. The tension of the electrochromic element when wound on the second core 16 according to the embodiment may be about 15 N. The tension of the electrochromic element when wound on the second core 16 according to the embodiment may be about 5 N. The tension of the electrochromic element when wound on the second core 16 according to the embodiment may be about 20 N.

[0806] Next, the twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed for about a period of time. The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and a relative humidity of about 50% for about 24 hours. The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and a relative humidity of about 50% for about 10 days. The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and a relative humidity of about 50% for about 15 days. The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at room temperature and a relative humidity of about 50% for about 20 days.

[0807] The twice-wound electrochromic element may be placed at about 85° C. and about 30% relative humidity for about 500 hours.

[0808] As described above, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can withstand the 1000-hour stationary test.

[0809] More specifically, the 1000-hour stationary test can be performed by the following method.

[0810] 1) The electrochromic element was cut into pieces with a length of about 4 m and a width of about 0.5 m.

[0811] 2) Fix one end of the electrochromic element on a first core 15 with a diameter of 20 cm.

[0812] 3) The fixed electrochromic element is wound on the first core 15 at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute while maintaining a tension of 10N.

[0813] 4) The electrochromic element, in a state of being wound around the first magnetic core 15 , was placed under conditions of a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of approximately 30% for 500 hours.

[0814] 5) The other end of the placed electrochromic element is fixed on a second core 16 having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0815] 6) The electrochromic element wound on the first core 15 is unwound while maintaining a tension of 10 N and wound on the second core 16 at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute. The direction of winding on the second core 16 is opposite to the direction of winding on the first core 15 .

[0816] 7) The electrochromic element is placed, while being wound on the second core 16 , at a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 30% for 500 hours, completing a 1000-hour static test.

[0817] The haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be increased. The haze increase refers to the difference between the second haze after the 1000-hour standing test and the first haze before the 1000-hour standing test. When the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is left standing for 1000 hours under the above conditions, the second haze may be the haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment.

[0818] The haze increase may be less than about 8%. The haze increase may be less than about 7%. The haze increase may be less than about 6%. The haze increase may be less than about 5%. The haze increase may be less than about 4%. The haze increase may be less than about 3%.

[0819] In addition, the transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be reduced. The transmittance reduction amount refers to the difference between the first transmittance before the 1000-hour standing test and the second transmittance after the 1000-hour standing test. The second transmittance may be the transmittance of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment when the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is left standing for 1000 hours under the above conditions.

[0820] The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 7%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 5%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 4%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 3%.

[0821] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has an increased amount of haze, a decreased amount of transmittance, and a decreased amount of bonding strength within the above ranges, it may have improved durability and long-term storage stability.

[0822] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have spherical optical power.

[0823] The spherical optical power of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0D to 0.09D. The spherical optical power of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.001D to 0.08D. The spherical optical power of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.001D to 0.07D. The spherical optical power of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.001D to 0.06D.

[0824] The spherical power of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be increased.

[0825] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the spherical power increase amount refers to the difference between the second spherical power after the 1000-hour standing test and the first spherical power before the 1000-hour standing test.

[0826] The increase in spherical power may be less than about 0.1 D. The increase in spherical power may be less than about 0.09 D. The increase in spherical power may be less than about 0.08 D. The increase in spherical power may be less than about 0.07 D.

[0827] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have astigmatic power.

[0828] The astigmatism focal length of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.001D to 0.3D. The astigmatism focal length of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.001D to 0.25D. The astigmatism focal length of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.001D to 0.2D. The astigmatism focal length of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be 0.001D to 0.15D.

[0829] The astigmatism power of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may be increased.

[0830] In the electrochromic element according to the embodiment, the astigmatic power increase amount refers to the difference between the second astigmatic power after the 1000-hour standing test and the first astigmatic power before the 1000-hour standing test.

[0831] The amount of astigmatism power increase may be less than about 0.5 D. The amount of astigmatism power increase may be less than about 0.45 D. The amount of astigmatism power increase may be less than about 0.4 D. The amount of astigmatism power increase may be less than about 0.35 D.

[0832] The spherical power and astigmatic power can be measured using a lens meter, etc. Model SLM-4000 can be used as the lens meter, and a product of Shin-Nippon Corporation can be used as the lens meter.

[0833] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has the spherical power and astigmatism power within the above range, it can have improved optical performance. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be installed on a window or the like, and can clearly present the external landscape without distorting the image from the outside.

[0834] In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has the spherical power increase amount and the astigmatic power within the above range, it can have improved optical durability. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can provide a clear image for a long time.

[0835] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have a color change speed. The color change speed may be measured by the following measurement method.

[0836] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment was cut into a size of about 7.5 cm×7.5 cm to manufacture a sample for a driving test.

[0837] In the sample for driving test, the first transparent electrode 300 and the second transparent electrode 400 are connected to the first bus bar and the second bus bar in parallel directions, respectively. The first bus bar and the second bus bar may be disposed over the entire width of the sample for driving test.

[0838] Next, a driving voltage of about 1.5 V was applied to the first bus bar and the second bus bar, and the driving time was measured until the transmittance of the sample decreased by about 50%. Thus, the color change speed could be measured.

[0839] The color change speed may be from about 0.5% / s to about 3% / s. The color change speed may be from about 1% / s to about 2.5% / s. The color change speed may be from about 1.5% / s to about 2% / s. The color change speed may be from about 0.5% / s to about 4% / s.

[0840] The color change speed of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can be reduced. The color change speed reduction refers to the difference between the second color change speed after the 1000-hour static test and the first color change speed before the 1000-hour static test. The color change speed reduction can be less than about 0.1% / s. The color change speed reduction can be less than about 0.05% / s. The color change speed reduction can be less than about 0.03% / s.

[0841] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has an improved color change speed, the amount of transmitted light can be quickly controlled when mounted on a window, etc. In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a low color change speed reduction, it has improved driving stability.

[0842] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes a solvent having low permeability, and the amount of increase in haze after a 1000-hour standing test is less than 8%.

[0843] Since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes a solvent having low permeability, the optical properties of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 do not change even if left for a long time in a rolled state.

[0844] In particular, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment includes the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, it can be flexible. Here, when the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is bent, the solvent having low permeability can be in direct contact with the first substrate 100 and / or the second substrate 200. Even if the solvent having low permeability is in direct contact with the first substrate 100 and / or the second substrate 200, the optical properties of the first substrate 100 and / or the second substrate 200 are not changed.

[0845] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved optical durability even in a mechanically deformed state for a long period of time.

[0846] In addition, since the electrolyte layer 700 includes a curable resin composition, a solvent with low permeability, and a metal salt, the electrolyte layer 700 can have the above-mentioned appropriate elasticity. Therefore, when an external physical impact is applied, the electrolyte layer 700 can be properly deformed. In addition, since the electrolyte layer 700 has appropriate elasticity, the electrolyte layer 700 can quickly recover from external physical impacts such as twisting, winding, and extrusion.

[0847] Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can minimize the change in appearance due to pressing and / or bending, etc. In addition, since the electrochromic element according to the embodiment has a quick recovery property, it can have an improved appearance.

[0848] Furthermore, since the electrolyte supports the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 with appropriate elasticity, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved thickness uniformity.

[0849] In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may be formed by a thermal cross-linking process and a photo-curing process of the curable resin, and thus the electrolyte layer 700 may have a high cross-linking density.

[0850] Therefore, the electrolyte layer 700 may be firmly combined with the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment may have improved peel strength.

[0851] In addition, since the electrolyte layer 700 has an improved crosslinking density, it is possible to reduce the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen into the electrolyte layer 700. Therefore, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can suppress a whitening phenomenon, etc., and has improved durability.

[0852] In addition, since the electrolyte layer 700 has improved cross-linking density, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment can prevent leakage of the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0853] Fig.23A first window arrangement according to an embodiment is shown.

[0854] See also Fig.23 , the first window device according to the embodiment includes an electrochromic element 10 , a frame 20 , a window 31 , a window 32 , a window 33 , a plug-in component 40 , and a power source 50 .

[0855] The frame 20 may be composed of one or more parts. For example, the frame 20 may be composed of one or more materials, such as vinyl, PVC, aluminum (Al), steel, or fiberglass. The frame 20 fixes the windows 31, 32, and 33 and seals the spaces between the windows 31, 32, and 33.

[0856] In addition, the frame 20 may contain or include a portion made of foam or other materials. The frame 20 includes a spacer, and the spacer may be disposed between adjacent windows 31, 32, and 33. In addition, the spacer may tightly seal the space between the windows 31, 32, and 33 together with the adhesive sealant.

[0857] The windows 31, 32 and 33 are fixed to the frame 20. The windows 31, 32 and 33 may be glass plates. The windows 31, 32 and 33 may be general silicon oxide (SOx) based glass substrates, for example, glass substrates composed of about 75% silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) plus Na 2 O, CaO and some trace additives composed of soda lime glass or float glass. However, any material with appropriate optical properties, electrical properties, thermal properties and mechanical properties can be used. Window 31, window 32 and window 33 can also include, for example, other glass materials, plastics and thermoplastic resins (for example, poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, SAN (styrene acrylonitrile copolymer), poly (4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, polyamide) or mirror materials. Window 31, window 32 and window 33 can include tempered glass.

[0858] The windows 31, 32, and 33 may include a first window 31, a second window 32, and a third window 33. The first window 31 and the third window 33 may be disposed at the outermost sides, and the second window 32 may be disposed between the first window 31 and the third window 33.

[0859] The electrochromic element 10 is disposed between the first window 31 and the second window 32. The electrochromic element 10 may be laminated to the first window 31 and the second window 32.

[0860] The electrochromic element 10 may be laminated to the first window 31 through the first polyvinyl butyral sheet. That is, the first polyvinyl butyral sheet may be disposed on the first window 31 and the electrochromic element 10, and may be laminated to the first window 31 and the electrochromic element 10.

[0861] The electrochromic element 10 may be laminated to the second window 32 through the second polyvinyl butyral sheet. That is, the second polyvinyl butyral sheet may be disposed on the second window 32 and the electrochromic element 10, and may be laminated to the second window 32 and the electrochromic element 10.

[0862] A space 60 may be formed between the second window 32 and the third window 33. The space may be filled with one or more gases, such as argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), or xenon (Xn).

[0863] Window 31, window 32 and window 33 can have the glass plate size for residential or commercial window application. The size of the glass plate can vary greatly according to the specific needs of the home or commercial enterprise. In some embodiments, window 31, window 32 and window 33 can be formed by architectural glass. Architectural glass is commonly used in commercial buildings, but can also be used in residential buildings. Usually, but not necessarily, the indoor environment is separated from the outdoor environment. In some embodiments, a suitable architectural glass substrate is at least about 20 inches by about 20 inches, and can be much larger, for example, about 80 inches by about 120 inches, or larger. Architectural glass is usually at least about 2 millimeters (mm) thick, and can be as thick as 6mm or thicker.

[0864] In an embodiment, windows 31 , 32 , and 33 have a thickness in a range of about 1 mm to about 10 mm.

[0865] In an embodiment, windows 31, 32, and 33 may be, for example, very thin and flexible Gorilla glass. Or Willow™ Glass, these glasses are available from Corning, Inc. of New York. These glasses can have a thickness of less than 0.3 mm or less than about 1 mm.

[0866] The plug-in component 40 may include a first electrical input terminal 41 , a second electrical input terminal 42 , a third electrical input terminal 43 , a fourth electrical input terminal 44 and a fifth electrical input terminal 45 .

[0867] Furthermore, the power source 50 includes a first power terminal 51 and a second power terminal 52 .

[0868] The first electrical input 41 is electrically connected to the first power terminal 51 through one or more wires or other electrical connections, components or devices.

[0869] The first electrical input terminal 41 may include a pin, a socket or other electrical connectors or conductors. In addition, the first electrical input terminal 41 may be electrically connected to the electrochromic element 10 through a first bus bar (not shown).

[0870] The first bus bar may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0871] The second electrical input 42 is electrically connected to the second power terminal 52 via one or more wires or other electrical connections, components or devices.

[0872] The second electrical input terminal 42 may include a pin, a socket or other electrical connector or conductor. In addition, the second electrical input terminal 42 may be electrically connected to the electrochromic element 10 through a second bus bar (not shown).

[0873] The second bus bar may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0874] The third electrical input 43 may be coupled to a device, system or building ground.

[0875] The fourth electrical input 44 and the fifth electrical input 45 may be used separately, for example, for controlling the communication between the controller or microcontroller of the first window device and the network controller.

[0876] The power source 50 supplies power to the electrochromic element 10 through the plug-in component 40. In addition, the power source 50 can also be controlled by an external controller to supply the electrochromic element 10 with power of a certain waveform.

[0877] In addition, the features, structures, effects, etc. described in the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. In addition, the features, structures, effects, etc. shown in the embodiments can be combined and modified by a person skilled in the art to which the embodiments belong. Therefore, it should be understood that the combined and modified embodiments are included in the present invention.

[0878] Although the above description focuses on the embodiments, these are only examples and do not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs will be able to recognize that various modifications and applications not exemplified above can be made without departing from the basic features of the present invention. For example, each component specifically shown in the embodiments can be modified and implemented, and the differences related to these modifications and applications should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the present invention defined in the appended claims.

[0879] Preparation example

[0880] ITO film: Hansung Industrial Co., Ltd., HI150-ABE-125A-AB

[0881] Tungsten oxide powder: AdcroCo., Ltd., ELACO-W

[0882] Nickel oxide powder: AdcroCo., Ltd., ELACO-P

[0883] Gel polymer electrolyte composition #1

[0884] About 39 parts by weight of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), about 80 parts by weight of ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [BMI-TFSI], and about 1 part by weight of diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP) were mixed, and LiBF was added thereto. 4 (Li + concentration: 1 mol / L), thereby preparing a gel polymer electrolyte composition.

[0885] Photocurable resin composition

[0886] 200 parts by weight of a composition comprising 60 parts by weight of EB-1290 from SK CYTEC, 40 parts by weight of M340 (pentaerythritol triacrylate) from Miwon Speciality Co., Ltd., 50 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone from Miwon Speciality Co., Ltd., 30 parts by weight of toluene, and 20 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol was stirred using a high-speed stirrer, and then a UV absorber (TinUVin 479) and a photoinitiator (Igacure 819) were mixed according to the composition shown in Table 1 below to prepare a photocurable resin composition.

[0887] Solvents: acetamide (AA), adiponitrile (AN), sulfolane (SF), polyethylene glycol (PEG, number average molecular weight: 400), propylene carbonate (PC)

[0888] Lithium salt: LiClO 4

[0889] Polyurethane acrylate

[0890] About 4 mol of toluene diisocyanate and about 6 mol of polyester polyol (Union Chemical Co., U-1220) with a weight average molecular weight of about 2000 mol / g were put into a reactor, and about 500 ppm of a tin-based catalyst was added thereto, and then stirred at about 85° C. for about 1 hour. Next, 2 mol of a (meth)acrylate having a hydroxyl group was added thereto, and stirred at about 85° C. for about 1 hour, thereby preparing ether-based polyurethane acrylate. The weight average molecular weight of the ether-based polyurethane acrylate was about 12000 g / mol.

[0891] Epoxy Acrylate

[0892] 4 mol parts of glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) and 8 mol parts of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) were put into a reactor, and about 500 ppm of an amine-based catalyst was added thereto, followed by stirring at about 100° C. for about 1 hour, thereby preparing glycerol epoxy acrylate.

[0893] Multifunctional acrylate #1: Miramer M500 (MIWON)

[0894] Multifunctional acrylate #2: Miramer M420 (MIWON)

[0895] Monofunctional acrylate #1: Miramer M150 (MIWON)

[0896] Monofunctional acrylate #2: Miramer M180 (MIWON)

[0897] Photoinitiator: Ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphonate

[0898] Antioxidant: SHIN SEUNG HICHEM Co., Ltd., Antioxidant-MD1024

[0899] Manufacturing Example 1

[0900] About 15 parts by weight of polyurethane acrylate, about 10 parts by weight of epoxy acrylate, about 5 parts by weight of multifunctional acrylate, about 5 parts by weight of monofunctional acrylate, about 1 part by weight of photoinitiator, about 15 parts by weight of lithium salt, about 50 parts by weight of acetamide and about 1 part by weight of antioxidant are added to prepare an electrolyte composition.

[0901] Manufacturing Examples 2 to 4

[0902] The composition of the electrolyte composition was changed as shown in Table 1 below.

[0903]

Table 1

[0904]

[0905] Manufacturing Example 5

[0906] About 10 parts by weight of polyurethane acrylate, about 15 parts by weight of epoxy acrylate, about 5 parts by weight of multifunctional acrylate, about 5 parts by weight of monofunctional acrylate, about 3 parts by weight of carboxyl-containing acrylate, about 1 part by weight of photoinitiator, about 15 parts by weight of lithium salt, about 50 parts by weight of acetamide and about 1 part by weight of antioxidant are added to prepare an electrolyte composition.

[0907] Manufacturing Examples 6 to 9

[0908] The composition of the electrolyte composition was changed as shown in Table 2 below.

[0909]

Table 2

[0910]

[0911] Example 1

[0912] In the first ITO film, a photocurable resin composition with a thickness of about 5 μm is applied on the surface opposite to the surface where the ITO layer is placed. Next, the applied photocurable resin composition is dried at about 80° C. for about 2 minutes, and then cured in a high-pressure mercury lamp under a nitrogen atmosphere at a light dose of about 500 mJ for about 5 minutes to form a UV blocking layer.

[0913] Next, about 10 parts by weight of tungsten oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS and about 90 parts by weight of ethanol are uniformly mixed to prepare a first color-changing material composition. The first color-changing material composition is coated on the first ITO film with a thickness of about 25 μm, and a sol-gel reaction is performed at a temperature of about 110° C. for about 5 minutes to form a first color-changing layer with a thickness of about 600 nm.

[0914] About 11 parts by weight of nickel oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS and about 89 parts by weight of ethanol are uniformly mixed to manufacture a second color-changing material composition. A second color-changing material composition having a thickness of about 40 μm is coated on a second ITO film, and a sol-gel reaction is performed at about 120° C. for about 5 minutes to manufacture a second laminate including a second color-changing layer having a thickness of 1200 nm. A gel polymer electrolyte composition #1 having a thickness of about 100 μm is coated on the first color-changing layer, a second ITO film having a second color-changing layer is laminated on the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition #1, and the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition #1 is cured by UV light. Next, the laminate is placed at room temperature for about 14 hours to age it. Thus, an electrochromic element according to an embodiment is prepared.

[0915] Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 1

[0916] As shown in Table 3 below, UV absorbers and photoinitiators are applied to form the UV blocking layer.

[0917]

Table 3

[0918] Classification UV absorber, content (parts by weight) Photoinitiator, content (parts by weight) Example 1 TinUVin 479,3 3 Example 2 TinUVin 479,6 5 Example 3 TinUVin 400,6 5 Example 4 TinUVin 400,10 5 Example 5 TinUVin 1130,10 3 Comparative Example 1 - -

[0919] Example 6

[0920] About 10 parts by weight of tungsten oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS and about 90 parts by weight of ethanol are uniformly mixed to manufacture a first color-changing material composition. A first color-changing material composition having a thickness of about 40 μm is coated on a first ITO film, and a sol-gel reaction is performed at about 110° C. for about 5 minutes to manufacture a first color-changing layer. About 11 parts by weight of nickel oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS and about 89 parts by weight of ethanol are uniformly mixed to manufacture a second color-changing material composition. A second color-changing material composition having a thickness of about 50 μm is coated on a second ITO film, and a sol-gel reaction is performed at about 120° C. for about 5 minutes to manufacture a second color-changing layer including a second color-changing layer. An electrolyte composition having a thickness of about 100 μm is coated on the first color-changing layer (Manufacturing Example 1). The coated electrolyte composition (Manufacturing Example 1) is dried at about 120° C. for about 10 minutes to manufacture a first laminate. Next, the first laminate and the second laminate are laminated, and the electrolyte composition is cured by UV. Next, the laminate was left at room temperature for about 14 hours to age. Thus, an electrochromic element according to an embodiment was prepared.

[0921] Examples 7 to 9

[0922] As shown in Table 4 below, the electrolyte layer was formed using the electrolyte composition. The rest of the process was similar to Example 1.

[0923]

Table 4

[0924] Classification Electrolyte composition Example 6 Manufacturing Example 1 Example 7 Manufacturing Example 2 Example 8 Manufacturing Example 3 Example 9 Manufacturing Example 4

[0925] Example 10

[0926] About 10 parts by weight of tungsten oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS and about 90 parts by weight of ethanol are uniformly mixed to produce a first color-changing material composition. A first color-changing material composition having a thickness of about 40 μm is coated on a first ITO film, and a sol-gel reaction is performed at about 110°C for about 5 minutes to produce a first color-changing layer. About 11 parts by weight of nickel oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS and about 89 parts by weight of ethanol are uniformly mixed to produce a second color-changing material composition. A second color-changing material composition having a thickness of about 50 μm is coated on a second ITO film, and a sol-gel reaction is performed at about 120°C for about 5 minutes to produce a second color-changing layer including a second color-changing layer. An electrolyte composition having a thickness of about 100 μm is coated on the first color-changing layer (manufacturing example 5). Next, a polyethylene terephthalate protective film including a release layer is placed on the coated electrolyte composition layer. Next, the coated electrolyte composition is heat-treated at about 120°C for about 10 minutes to produce a first laminate.

[0927] Next, the first laminate and the second laminate are laminated, and the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition is cured by UV light. Next, the laminate is placed at room temperature for about 14 hours for aging. Thus, the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is prepared.

[0928] Examples 10 to 13 and Comparative Example 2

[0929] As shown in Table 5 below, the electrolyte layer was formed using the electrolyte composition. In addition, as shown in Table 2 above, the thermal crosslinking temperature and the thermal crosslinking time were controlled. The rest of the process was similar to Example 1.

[0930]

Table 5

[0931]

[0932] Evaluation Example

[0933] 1.QUV test

[0934] The electrochromic element according to the embodiment is subjected to ultraviolet light from a UVA340 UV lamp at an intensity of about 0.75 W / m 2 The ultraviolet light is incident on the interior through the ultraviolet blocking layer.

[0935] 2. Total light transmittance

[0936] For the electrochromic elements of Example and Preparation Example, transmittance before UV irradiation and transmittance after UV irradiation were measured as total light transmittance in a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm using a solar spectrometer (EDTM Corporation, SS2450).

[0937] 3. Haze

[0938] For the electrochromic elements of Examples and Preparation Examples, the haze before UV irradiation and the haze after UV irradiation were measured using CM-5 (Konica-Minolta).

[0939] 4. Color Value

[0940] For the electrochromic elements of Examples and Preparation Examples, the color values ​​(L*, a*, b*) before UV irradiation and the color values ​​after UV irradiation were measured using a spectrophotometer (Konica-Minolta, CM-5).

[0941] 5. Charge / discharge test

[0942] Each of the electrochromic elements prepared in the examples and comparative examples is placed in a solar simulator and exposed to UV. In this state, the (-) electrode of the charge / discharge tester (WonATech, WBCS_D70714K1) is connected to the bus bar attached to tungsten oxide, and its (+) electrode is connected to the bus bar attached to nickel oxide. Next, when a predetermined voltage is applied and a sufficiently high color change transmittance state is thus reached, each voltage is reversely connected by the internal electrodeformation of the charge / discharge tester so that the (+) voltage is applied to the bus bar connected to tungsten oxide, and the (-) voltage is applied to the bus bar connected to nickel oxide. The charge / discharge test is performed by measuring the light transmittance and the charge / discharge amount, while the cycle is continuously repeated to achieve a sufficiently low coloring transmittance as a cycle, and the number of times the color change range does not decrease and the charge / discharge amount remains at 80% or more after a certain cycle operation is measured.

[0943] 6. Winding test

[0944] 1) The electrochromic element was cut into a size of 4 m in length and 0.5 m in width.

[0945] One end of the electrochromic element is fixed to a first core having a diameter of 15 cm.

[0946] 2) The fixed electrochromic element is wound on the first core at a speed of 6 turns per minute while maintaining a tension of 10N.

[0947] 3) The electrochromic element, in a state of being wound around the first core, was placed under conditions of a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours.

[0948] 4) The other end of the placed electrochromic element is fixed to a second core having a diameter of 15 cm.

[0949] 5) The electrochromic element wound on the first core is unwound while maintaining a tension of 10 N and wound on the second core at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute, and the direction of winding on the second core is opposite to the direction of winding on the first core.

[0950] 6) The electrochromic element is placed in a state of being wound around the second core at a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% for 24 hours, thereby completing a winding test.

[0951] 7) In the electrochromic element subjected to the winding test, a central area with a length of 3 m and a width of 0.4 m was defined.

[0952] 8) The central area was cut into 10 cm x 10 cm measurement areas to obtain multiple samples.

[0953] 7. Transmittance and haze

[0954] The transmittance of each sample was measured as total light transmittance using a solar spectrometer (EDTM Corporation, SS2450).

[0955] The haze of each sample was measured using a solar spectrometer (EDTM Corporation, SS2450).

[0956] 8. Coloring transmittance deviation

[0957] In the sample that has undergone the winding test, the first bus bar and the second bus bar are mounted on the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, respectively. Next, a driving voltage of about 1.5 V is applied to the first bus bar and the second bus bar for about 1 minute, thereby coloring the sample.

[0958] The transmittance of the colored samples was measured, and the maximum colored transmittance, the minimum colored transmittance, the average colored transmittance, and the colored transmittance deviation were found for each sample.

[0959] 9. Color change transmittance deviation

[0960] A reverse driving voltage of about 1.5 V was applied to the colored sample for about 1 minute, thereby causing the sample to change color. The transmittance of the color-changing sample was measured, and the maximum color-changing transmittance, the minimum color-changing transmittance and the average color-changing transmittance were obtained for each sample, and the color-changing transmittance deviation was obtained.

[0961] 10. Haze deviation

[0962] The haze of each sample after the winding test was measured. The maximum haze, minimum haze and average haze were obtained for each sample, and the haze deviation was obtained.

[0963] 11. Driving range deviation

[0964] For each sample, the driving range was derived from the tinted transmittance and the color-shifted transmittance, and the driving range deviation was calculated.

[0965] 12.1000 hours static test

[0966] 1) The electrochromic element was cut into a size of 4 m in length and 0.5 m in width.

[0967] 2) Fix one end of the electrochromic element to a first core having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0968] 3) The fixed electrochromic element is wound on the first core at a speed of 6 turns per minute while maintaining a tension of 10N.

[0969] 4) The electrochromic element was placed in a state of being wound around the first core at a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 30% for 500 hours.

[0970] 5) The other end of the placed electrochromic element is fixed to a second core having a diameter of 20 cm.

[0971] 6) The electrochromic element wound on the first core is unwound while maintaining a tension of 10 N and wound on the second core at a speed of 6 revolutions per minute, and the direction of winding on the second core is opposite to the direction of winding on the first core.

[0972] 7) The electrochromic element is placed, while being wound on the second core, at a temperature of 85° C. and a relative humidity of about 30% for 500 hours, thereby completing a 1000-hour static test.

[0973] 13. Transmittance and haze

[0974] In the electrochromic element manufactured in Example, the initial transmittance and the transmittance after a 1000-hour standing test were measured as the total light transmittance using a solar spectrometer (EDTM Corporation, SS2450).

[0975] In the electrochromic element manufactured in Example, the initial haze and the haze after a 1000-hour standing test were measured using a solar spectrometer (EDTM Corporation, SS2450).

[0976] 14. Color change speed

[0977] Each of the electrochromic elements manufactured in the examples and comparative examples was cut into a size of about 7.5 cm × 7.5 cm, and its two edge portions were peeled off to expose the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode. Next, the first bus bar and the second bus bar were connected to the exposed first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, respectively. A driving voltage of about 1.5 V was applied through the first bus bar and the second bus bar, and the time for the light transmittance in the electrochromic elements of the examples and comparative examples to decrease by about 50% was measured to measure the color change speed.

[0978] 15. Spherical power and astigmatism

[0979] In the electrochromic elements in the examples and comparative examples, the spherical power and the astigmatism were measured using a digital lens meter (model: SLM-4000, manufacturer: Shin-Nippon).

[0980] As shown in Table 6 below, the first light transmittance, the second light transmittance, the first haze, and the second haze of each of the electrochromic elements according to the example and the comparative example were measured.

[0981]

Table 6

[0982]

[0983]

[0984] As shown in Table 7 below, the color values ​​and charge / discharge cycles of the electrochromic elements according to Examples and Comparative Examples were measured.

[0985]

Table 7

[0986] Classification First L* Second L* First a* Second a* First b* Second b* Charge / discharge cycles Example 1 90.54 89.9 0.54 -4.3 2.1 -3.5 8000 Example 2 91.5 90.2 0.35 -2.8 2.25 0.89 11000 Example 3 84.6 80.8 -1.81 -5.2 1.80 -3.4 20000 Example 4 87.13 79.9 -1.80 -5.63 1.7 -2.2 15000 Example 5 91.34 90.5 -1.85 -1.5 1.9 0.16 20000 Comparison Examples 93.33 84.19 0.67 -6.7 1.6 -4.41 3000

[0987] As shown in Table 6 and Table 7, the electrochromic element according to the example has high light resistance to external ultraviolet light.

[0988] As shown in Table 8 below, the coloring transmittance deviation, the color-changing transmittance deviation, the haze deviation, and the driving range deviation were obtained from the electrochromic element according to the example.

[0989]

Table 8

[0990] Classification Colored transmittance deviation Color change transmittance deviation Haze Deviation Driving range deviation Example 6 0.133 0.083 0.05 0.11 Example 7 0.193 0.067 0.063 0.13 Example 8 0.166 0.05 0.12 0.07 Example 9 0.12 0.053 0.11 0.09

[0991] As shown in Table 8, it can be seen that the electrochromic element according to the example has low haze deviation, low tinting transmittance deviation, low coloring transmittance deviation, and low driving range deviation.

[0992] As shown in Table 9 below, the haze increase amount, transmittance decrease amount, color change speed, and color change speed after a 1000-hour standing test were obtained from the electrochromic elements according to the examples and the comparative examples.

[0993]

Table 9

[0994]

[0995] As shown in Table 10 below, spherical power, astigmatic power, spherical power after a 1000-hour standing test, and astigmatic power after a 1000-hour standing test were obtained from the electrochromic elements according to the examples and the comparative examples.

[0996]

Table 10

[0997]

[0998] As shown in Table 10, the electrochromic element according to the example has appropriate optical properties and color change characteristics.

Claims

1. An electrochromic element, comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; as well as an electrochromic portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, Wherein, the change of light transmittance measured by the following measurement method is less than 0.25, and the measurement method is: Use UV light from a UVA340 lamp at 7.5 W / m 2 The intensity of the ultraviolet light is transmitted through the first substrate to irradiate the electrochromic part for 1 hour, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic element before irradiation with ultraviolet light is measured, the second light transmittance of the electrochromic element after irradiation with ultraviolet light is measured, and the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance is divided by the first light transmittance to obtain the change in light transmittance.

2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein: The haze change measured by the following measurement method is less than 5.5%, and the measurement method is: The first haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured before ultraviolet irradiation, and the second haze of the electrochromic element according to the embodiment is measured after the ultraviolet irradiation, and the haze change is a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

3. The electrochromic element according to claim 2, wherein: The change in L* measured by the following measurement method is less than 9: The first L* of the electrochromic element is measured before the ultraviolet irradiation, and the second L* of the electrochromic element is measured after the ultraviolet irradiation, and the change of L* is the absolute value of the difference between the second L* and the first L*.

4. The electrochromic element according to claim 3, wherein: The change in a* measured by the following measurement method is less than 5, and the measurement method is: The first a* of the electrochromic element is measured before the ultraviolet irradiation, and the second a* of the electrochromic element is measured after the ultraviolet irradiation, and the change of a* is the absolute value of the difference between the second a* and the first a*.

5. The electrochromic element according to claim 4, wherein: The change in b* measured by the following measurement method is less than 10, and the measurement method is: The first b* of the electrochromic element is measured before the ultraviolet irradiation, and the second b* of the electrochromic element is measured after the ultraviolet irradiation, and the change of b* is the absolute value of the difference between the second b* and the first b*.

6. The electrochromic element according to claim 1, comprising an ultraviolet blocking layer disposed on the first substrate, in, The ultraviolet blocking layer has a transmittance of 10% or less with respect to ultraviolet light of 340 nm.

7. The electrochromic element according to claim 6, wherein: The ultraviolet blocking layer includes at least one ultraviolet absorber selected from the group consisting of a benzophenone ultraviolet absorber, a benzoxazinone ultraviolet absorber, a benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, and a triazine ultraviolet absorber.

8. The electrochromic element according to claim 2, wherein: The first light transmittance is 50% to 85%, and the first haze is 0.1% to 5%.

9. The electrochromic element according to claim 5, wherein: The first L* is 80 to 100, the first a* is -2 to 1.5, and the first b* is 0.5 to 4.

10. The electrochromic element according to claim 6, wherein: The ultraviolet blocking layer is disposed between the first substrate and the electrochromic portion.

11. A window device, comprising: frame; a window mounted on said frame; as well as an electrochromic element disposed in the window, Wherein, the electrochromic element comprises: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; and an electrochromic portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, Wherein, the light transmittance change measured by the following measurement method is less than 0.25, and the measurement method is: Use UV light from a UVA340 lamp at 7.5 W / m 2 The intensity of the ultraviolet light is transmitted through the first substrate to irradiate the electrochromic part for 1 hour, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic element before irradiation with the ultraviolet light is measured, the second light transmittance of the electrochromic element after irradiation with the ultraviolet light is measured, and the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance is divided by the first light transmittance to obtain the change in light transmittance.

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