Aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device

Abstract

The invention relates to an aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizer applying device which dynamically integrates soil loosening and fertilizer applying in the grassland crop planting process and is used in cooperation with agricultural machinery, the grassland planting working efficiency is improved, and the crop germination rate is increased. Comprising a supporting mechanism, an aeration device and an air and fertilizer supply device. The supporting mechanism comprises a supporting plate, a curve guide rail and a sliding block. The aeration device comprises an air needle support and an aeration air needle; the air and fertilizer supply device comprises an air pump, an air ring, a ventilation pipe, a fertilizer box, a fertilizer conveying pipe and a proximity switch. The device is installed on the outer side of a grassland agricultural machine crawler belt, aeration and fertilization processes are dynamically combined, soil loosening and fertilization integration and automatic operation are achieved, disassembly is convenient, operation is easy, the large-scale production requirement is met, the labor intensity is effectively reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, the scientific planting level of farmers can be effectively improved, and the productivity is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grassland agricultural machinery, in particular to innovative agricultural equipment combining soil treatment and planting operations, and relates to an aerated grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous degradation of grassland ecosystems, soil compaction and reduced fertility have become key issues restricting the sustainable development of grasslands. Under the combined effects of long-term natural factors (such as drought and freeze-thaw cycles) and human activities (such as overgrazing and mechanical rolling), the surface soil structure of grasslands has been severely hardened, and the bulk density has increased significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in soil aeration, water permeability and microbial activity. The decrease in permeability and organic matter content caused by soil compaction directly weakens the root development capacity and nutrient absorption efficiency of forage grass. In addition, the traditional separate operation mode of loosening soil and fertilizing operations further exacerbates this problem: although conventional farmland operation machinery such as disc harrows and deep tillers can loosen the soil, their large-scale tillage can easily destroy the native turf layer, causing soil erosion and a decrease in vegetation coverage, especially in ecologically fragile areas, which may lead to irreversible grassland desertification.

[0003] Although the current aeration and loosening technology can improve soil permeability through local puncture, it is still limited by the single function and structural defects of the equipment and has significant bottlenecks. For example, traditional aeration equipment mostly adopts manual drilling or hydraulic intermittent operation design. The equipment generally lacks continuous operation capacity and needs to be frequently stopped to clean the cutter or add fertilizer, which seriously restricts the efficiency of mechanized management of large-scale grasslands. The step-by-step implementation of the loosening and fertilization process not only increases the operating cost (fuel consumption increases by 20%-30%), but also forms secondary soil compaction due to multiple mechanical rolling, forming a vicious cycle of "management-degradation".

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient composite equipment that integrates soil loosening, aeration and precision fertilization functions, break through the limitations of continuous operation through innovative structural design, and achieve coordinated improvement of soil physical structure and fertility while minimizing turf damage, providing reliable technical support for the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems that existing grassland improvement machinery has single operating function, high soil disturbance intensity, and cannot simultaneously realize soil loosening, aeration and precise fertilization, the present invention proposes an aerated grassland loosening and fertilization device. Through innovative structural design and function integration, automatic soil aeration, loosening and fertilization can be realized, and the coordinated operation of soil physical structure repair and fertility improvement is achieved.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An aeration type grassland loosening soil fertilization device, the structure of which mainly includes a support mechanism, an aeration device, and an air and fertilizer supply device. The support mechanism includes a support plate, a curved guide rail, and a slider. The curved guide rail is arranged on the outer edge of the support plate. The curved guide rail includes a slide rail, a driving wheel, and a driving chain. The slider is arranged on the slide rail through a slider pulley and the inner side is bolted to the driving chain. The driving wheel is engaged with the guide track. The aeration device includes an air needle support and an aeration air needle. The air needle support is fixedly connected to the slider, and the aeration air needle is threadedly connected to the air needle support. The air and fertilizer supply device includes an air pump, an air ring, a vent pipe, a fertilizer box, a fertilizer delivery pipe, a proximity switch, and a main material box. The air pump and the main material box are located at the center of the agricultural machinery. The air ring is arranged at the center of the support plate. The support plate has a hole at the bottom of the air ring and near the air inlet of the air ring. One end of the vent pipe is connected to the air outlet of the air ring, and the other end is connected to the air inlet. One end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the fertilizer outlet, and the other end is connected to the fertilizer inlet. Two proximity switches are installed on the part of the slide rail close to the ground.

[0007] Preferably, the slider is fixedly connected to the drive chain bolts and is detachable. According to the aeration range, actual soil hardness of the grassland, growth requirements of sown crops and forward speed of agricultural machinery, an appropriate number of sliders are selected and corresponding spacing is designed to carry out soil aeration according to local conditions.

[0008] Preferably, the air needle support and the aeration air needle are connected by threads to facilitate the removal and replacement of the aeration air needle: suitable aeration air needles are selected according to different soil conditions and crop requirements. At the same time, the aeration air needles can be removed when there is no need to loosen the soil during agricultural machinery transportation, etc., without affecting the normal movement of the agricultural machinery.

[0009] Preferably, a curved slot is provided on the slider, and a support pin is provided on the air needle support and passes through the slot to connect with the slider. By moving the support pin and tightening it, the air needle support and the slider can form different angles, so that the aeration air needle can enter the soil surface at different angles.

[0010] Preferably, the air pump is powered by the electric energy provided by the motor. When compressed gas is supplied to the air ring through the air supply pipe, a pressure reducing valve is installed on the air supply pipe to supply gas of a certain pressure to the main material box, so as to ensure that the main material box can continuously supply fertilizer to the fertilizer box. The air ring is bolted to the geometric center of the curved guide rail and supplies air to the aeration needle through the vent pipe. A proximity switch is set on the part of the slide rail close to the ground. When the slider passes the front switch, the aeration valve is controlled to start aeration. When it passes the rear switch, the aeration valve is controlled to stop aeration. The part of the crawler track in contact with the ground is relatively still, and the aeration needle uses this period of relative stillness to complete aeration.

[0011] Preferably, a drum-shaped fertilizer box is installed on the air ring rotor outside the air ring, and the fertilizer in the box enters the fertilizer inlet through the fertilizer outlet and the fertilizer delivery pipe by its own weight. Fertilizer is added to the aeration needle using the feeding device, and injected into the soil through the aeration needle together with the gas. Loose soil is conducive to the entry and penetration of fertilizer, which is more conducive to the growth of crops and can also simplify the fertilization process to a certain extent.

[0012] The grassland aeration and loosening device of the present invention is installed on the outer side of the grassland seeder crawler through the support plate, and synchronizes the speed of the seeder crawler through the drive shaft to achieve soil loosening and fertilization during the movement of the seeder.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the combination of chains, guide rails and aeration needles, dynamic aeration, soil loosening and fertilization can be achieved while the fertilizer spacing is guaranteed.

[0014] 2. The threaded connection design between the air needle and the air needle support enables the air needle to be replaceable; the slide groove design enables the air needle to enter the soil at a variety of angles to adapt to the soil conditions in different regions.

[0015] 3. The present invention provides a method for dynamically combining aeration and soil loosening with fertilization, which realizes the integration of soil loosening and fertilization during the advancement of agricultural machinery, is more conducive to the infiltration of fertilizers into the soil, and reduces labor pressure to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of the grassland aeration and loosening device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the supporting mechanism; Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the aeration device; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas and fertilizer supply device; Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the aeration needle; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall equipment structure of the tractor; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the air pump and the main material box structure; The markings of the accompanying drawings are: 1. Support mechanism; 101, support plate; 102, curved guide rail; 1021, slide rail; 1022, drive wheel; 1023, drive chain; 103, slider; 1031, slider pulley; 1032, slide groove; 2. Aeration device; 201, air needle support; 2011, support slide nail; 202, aeration air needle; 2021, air inlet; 2022, fertilizer inlet; 2023, aeration outlet; 2024, aeration valve; 3. Air and fertilizer supply device; 301, air pump; 302, air ring; 3021, air ring air inlet; 3022, air ring stator; 3023, air ring rotor; 3024, air ring air outlet; 303, ventilation pipe; 304, fertilizer box; 3041, fertilizer outlet; 305, fertilizer delivery pipe; 306, proximity switch; 3061, front switch; 3062, rear switch; 307, main material box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples: Embodiment 1: Referring to the attached drawings, an aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device, the structure of which mainly includes a support mechanism 1, on which an aeration device 2 and an air and fertilizer supply device 3 are provided; The support mechanism 1 includes a support plate 101, a curved guide rail 102, and a slider 103. The curved guide rail 102 includes a slide rail 1021, a driving wheel 1022, and a driving chain 1023, and the driving wheel 1022 is meshed with the driving chain 1023. The slider 103 includes a slider pulley 1031 and a slide groove 1032, and the slider 103 is fixedly connected to the driving chain 1023. The slide rail 1021 passes through the center of four slider pulleys 1031, and the slider 103 can be moved on the slide rail 1021 by the drive of the driving chain 1023. The support plate 101 is welded to the curved guide rail 102, and at the same time plays the role of supporting the air supply and fertilizer supply device 3. The driving wheel 1022 is driven by the agricultural machinery crawler drive shaft, and the control speed is the same as that of the agricultural machinery driving crawler. The slider 103 plays the role of carrying the aeration device 2.

[0018] The aeration device 2 mainly includes an air needle support 201 and an aeration needle 202. The air needle support 201 is provided with a support slide nail 2011, the air needle support 201 is rotatably fixed with the slider 103, and the support slide nail 2011 passes through the slider 103 through the slide groove 1032, and the support slide nail 2011 can rotate in the slide groove 1032 and can be tightened and fixed. The aeration needle 202 includes an air inlet 2021, a fertilizer inlet 2022, an aeration port 2023, and an aeration valve 2024, and the fertilizer inlet 2022 is on the side of the air inlet 2021 close to the aeration port 2023, the aeration port 2023 is at the tip of the aeration needle 202, and the aeration valve 2024 is arranged between the fertilizer inlet 2022 and the aeration port 2023.

[0019] The air supply and fertilizer supply device 3 is located on the support mechanism 1, and mainly includes an air pump 301, an air ring 302, a vent pipe 303, a fertilizer box 304, a fertilizer delivery pipe 305, a proximity switch 306, and a main material box 307. The air ring 302 includes an air ring air inlet 3021, an air ring stator 3022, an air ring rotor 3023, and an air ring air outlet 3024. The air ring air inlet 3021 is located on the air ring stator 3022 and connected to the air pump 301, and the air ring air outlet 3023 is located on the air ring rotor 3022. One end of the vent pipe 303 is connected to the air ring air outlet 3023, and the other end is connected to the air inlet 2021. The fertilizer box 304 includes a fertilizer outlet 3041. The fertilizer box 304 is fixedly connected to the air ring rotor 3023 and rotates with the air ring rotor 3023. The fertilizer outlet 3041 is arranged on the fertilizer box 304. The fertilizer box 304 rotates with the air ring rotor 3023. One end of the fertilizer delivery pipe 305 is connected to the fertilizer outlet 3041, and the other end is connected to the fertilizer inlet 2022. The air ring rotor 3023 is driven to rotate through the high-strength ventilation pipe 303, thereby driving the rotation of the drum-shaped fertilizer box 304, and the rotation speed of the two is matched with the rotation speed of the slider 103. The proximity switch 306 is composed of a front switch 3061 and a rear switch 3062. The proximity switch 306 controls the switch of the aeration valve 2024. When the slider 103 moves to the front switch 3061, the aeration valve 2024 is opened and aeration starts; when it moves to the rear switch 3062, the aeration valve 2024 is closed and aeration ends. The air pump 301 and the main material box 307 are located in the center of the agricultural machinery. The air pump 301 is connected to the agricultural machinery generator. The engine provides power to generate gas to supply the gas to the air ring 302. At the same time, the ventilation pipe is provided with a pressure reducing valve to provide an appropriate amount of air pressure to the main material box 307, so that the fertilizer in the main material box 307 can continue to pass through the internal hollow air ring 302 to reach the fertilizer box 304.

[0020] Working process: In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, when in use, drive a tractor to a designated area and equip the soil loosening device.

[0021] First, survey the regional soil to understand the soil hardness and fertility, and select the appropriate type of aeration needle 202 based on the growth needs of the sown crops; select the appropriate number of aeration needles 202, i.e. the number of sliders 103 and the spacing between each aeration needle, i.e. the sliders, according to the needs; fix the angle of the aeration needle into the soil by moving and tightening the support slide pin 2011; and connect the ventilation pipe 303 and the fertilizer pipe 305.

[0022] Then, the tractor is started to move forward, and the starter motor supplies power to the air pump 301. The air pump 301 supplies high-pressure gas to the air ring 302, and at the same time, provides a certain air pressure to the main material box 307 through the pressure reducing valve to ensure that the fertilizer can be continuously input into the fertilizer box 304. When the tractor moves forward, the crawler drive shaft simultaneously drives the driving wheel 1022 in the device to rotate, thereby driving the driving chain 1023 engaged with the driving wheel 1022 to rotate, and further driving the slider 103 bolted to the driving chain 1023 to move. The slider 103 is fixed with an air needle support 201, and the air needle support 201 is fixed with an aeration air needle 202. The air inlet 2021 and the fertilizer inlet 2022 on the aeration air needle 202 are connected to the air ring rotor 3023 and the fertilizer box rotor 304 through the ventilation pipe 303 and the fertilizer delivery pipe 305 respectively. When the driving wheel 1022 rotates, the air ring rotor 3023 and the fertilizer box rotor 304 rotate passively. When the slider 103 rotates to the bottom of the fertilizer box 304, that is, the aeration needle 202 is inserted into the soil surface, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 304 is affected by gravity and enters the fertilizer inlet 2022 from the fertilizer outlet 3041 through the fertilizer delivery pipe 305. At the same time, when the slider 103 passes the front switch 3061, that is, when the aeration needle 202 is inserted into the soil, the aeration valve 2024 is opened, and the high-pressure gas enters the air inlet 2021 from the air ring outlet 3024 through the vent pipe 303, driving the fertilizer entering from the fertilizer inlet 2022 below the air inlet 2021 to be discharged through the aeration port 2023, and the high-pressure gas and the fertilizer enter the soil together, thereby completing the aeration process. When the slider 103 passes the rear switch 3062, that is, when the aeration needle 202 is about to leave the soil, the aeration valve 2024 is closed, the aeration needle stops aeration, and the fertilizer is affected by gravity and no longer enters the fertilizer delivery pipe. After that, the aeration valve 2024 remains closed, gas no longer enters the aeration needle 202, and fertilizer affected by gravity no longer enters the fertilizer delivery pipe 305. Until the slider 103 passes the front switch 3061 again, aeration starts again to complete the dynamic cycle.

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a support mechanism (1), an aeration device (2), and an air and fertilizer supply device (3); the support mechanism (1) comprises a support plate (101), a curved guide rail (102), and a slider (103); the curved guide rail (102) is arranged on the outer edge of the support plate (101); the curved guide rail (102) comprises a slide rail (1021), a drive wheel (1022), and a drive chain (1023); the drive wheel (1022) is meshed with the drive chain (1023); the slider (103) comprises a slider pulley (1031) and a slide groove (1032); the slider (103) is located on the slide rail (1021) and the bottom thereof is connected to the drive chain (1023); 023) is fixed with bolts, four slider pulleys (1031) are distributed in a rectangular shape and are fixedly connected to the bottom of the slider (103), the slide rail (1021) crosses the rectangle formed by the slider pulleys (1031), the slide groove (1032) is curved and is arranged on the slider (103), the aeration device (2) comprises an air needle support (201) and an aeration air needle (202), the air needle support (201) is arranged on the slider (103), the aeration air needle (202) is threadedly connected to the air needle support (201), and the air needle support (201) comprises a support slide nail (211), and the support slide nail (211) passes through the slide groove (1032).

2. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air supply and fertilizer supply device (3) comprises an air pump (301), an air ring (302), a ventilation pipe (303), a fertilizer box (304), a fertilizer delivery pipe (305), and a proximity switch (306); the air ring (302) is drum-shaped and comprises an air ring air inlet (3021), an air ring stator (3022), an air ring rotor (3023), and an air ring air outlet (3024); the air ring air inlet (3021) is arranged on the side of the air ring stator (3022) and is connected to the air pump (301); the air ring air outlet (3024) is arranged on the side of the air ring stator (3022) and is connected to the air pump (301); 023), the fertilizer box (304) is drum-shaped and includes a fertilizer outlet (3041), the fertilizer outlet (3041) is arranged on the side of the fertilizer box (304), one end of the ventilation pipe (303) is connected to the air ring outlet (3024), and the other end is connected to the air inlet (2021), one end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected to the fertilizer outlet (3041), and the other end is connected to the fertilizer inlet (2022), the proximity switch (306) includes a front switch (3061) and a rear switch (3062), and the proximity switch (306) is located on the straight portion of the slide rail (1021) close to the ground.

3. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The aeration needle (202) comprises an air inlet (2021), a fertilizer inlet (2022), an aeration port (2023), and an aeration valve (2024); the fertilizer inlet (2022) and the air inlet (2021) are arranged on the side of the aeration needle (202) and the former is closer to the aeration port (2023) than the latter; and the aeration valve (2024) is arranged on the air inlet (2021).

4. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The air and fertilizer supply device (3) is located at the center of the support plate (101). When the driving wheel (1022) rotates, it drives the driving chain (1023) meshing therewith to rotate, thereby driving the slider (103) to rotate, thereby driving the aeration needle (202) to rotate, thereby driving the air ring rotor (3023) and the fertilizer box (304) connected thereto through the ventilation pipe (303) and the fertilizer delivery pipe (305) respectively to rotate.

5. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The support plate (101) is vertically suspended on the outside of the crawler track of the agricultural machine through the main shaft of the agricultural machine and is arranged symmetrically; the aeration device (2) is located inside the agricultural machine relative to the air and fertilizer supply device (3) and is arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides of the agricultural machine; and a detachable protective shell is installed outside the support plate (101).

6. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The air needle support (201) and the slider (103) are rotatably fixed, and the support slide pin (2011) passes through the slide groove (1032) and can be adjusted in tightness, and can change the angle at which the aeration air needle (202) enters the soil.

7. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The aeration needle (202) and the needle support (201) are connected via a threaded connection, and can be conveniently assembled and disassembled. The type of the aeration needle (202) can be adjusted according to demand, and the aeration needle (202) can be disassembled to facilitate the transportation of agricultural machinery.

8. The aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The proximity switch (306) is installed at a portion of the slide rail (1021) close to the soil, with the front switch (3061) and the rear switch (3062) being at a certain distance from each other, and controls the switch of the aeration valve (2024). When the slider (103) rotates to the front switch (3061), that is, the aeration needle (202) on the slider (103) is inserted into the soil, the aeration valve (2024) is opened, and gas enters the aeration needle (202) to start aeration; when the slider (103) rotates to the rear switch (3062), that is, the aeration needle (202) on the slider (103) leaves the soil, the aeration valve (2024) is closed, gas no longer enters the aeration needle (202), and aeration ends.

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