Tillage and soil preparation equipment and method for improving water utilization efficiency

Abstract

The invention provides tillage and soil preparation equipment and method for improving the water utilization efficiency, and relates to the technical field of strip tillage and agricultural machinery, in particular to the tillage and soil preparation equipment and method for improving the water utilization efficiency. Therefore, the water utilization efficiency of soil and the yield and quality of crops are remarkably improved, the power consumption of tillage and soil preparation equipment can be reduced, the strip tillage quality and the strip tillage efficiency are improved, and the maintenance cost of machinery is indirectly reduced; the tillage and soil preparation equipment can achieve the integrated functions of straw returning, soil preparation, fertilization, pressing, drip irrigation belt laying, mulching film laying and the like, the tillage depth can be adjusted according to the actual situation, the number of the auxiliary racks can be selected according to the area of a field during tillage, the width can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the strip tillage wheel and the width of the pressing wheel, and the tillage and soil preparation efficiency is improved. And a wide-narrow row farming mode is realized by adjusting the distance between the auxiliary racks according to actual conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of strip tillage and agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a tillage and soil preparation equipment and method for improving water use efficiency. Background Art

[0002] At present, the organic matter in the black soil has decreased significantly. In some areas, the black soil layer has decreased from an average of 60 - 70 cm in the 1950s of the last century to the current average of 20 - 30 cm. The organic matter content in the black soil layer has decreased from 5% in history to the current average of 2.2%. The sustainability of black soil resources faces severe challenges.

[0003] Research shows that returning crop straw to the field supplements soil nutrients with the organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contained in the crop straw, and increases soil organic matter. After returning corn straw to the field per mu, it is equivalent to applying 5 - 10 kg of urea, 3 - 4 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 5 - 10 kg of potassium sulfate. The annual average increase in soil organic matter is 0.01%. Returning straw to the field adds a large amount of energy substances to soil microorganisms, and the quantity and enzyme activity of various microorganisms also increase accordingly. The number of microorganisms can increase by 18.9%, the contact enzyme activity can increase by 33%, the invertase activity can increase by 47%, and the urease activity can increase by 17%. This accelerates the decomposition of organic substances and the transformation of mineral nutrients, balances the soil pH value, thereby improving the effectiveness of soil nutrients, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, making the soil loose, increasing the porosity, reducing the bulk density, and enhancing the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water. However, about 40 million tons of straw resources are produced in Jilin Province every year. At the same time, due to reasons such as the scattered distribution of straw, high collection and transportation costs, poor economic efficiency of comprehensive utilization, high treatment input costs, and low industrialization level, a large amount of straw resources are not utilized, and the waste is relatively serious. Currently, the direct straw return rate is about 10%.

[0004] Traditional tillage methods require multiple processes such as deep loosening, rotary tillage, ditch opening, sowing and fertilizing, and rolling. When the traditional ditch opener is used as a whole, the soil gaps after tillage are large, the water retention ability is poor, which easily causes crops to suffer from drought and freezing disasters, and the roots cannot penetrate deeply, which easily leads to lodging, affecting the growth of crops, and ultimately affecting the yield and quality.

[0005] Strip tillage technology belongs to a type of reduced tillage planting method, and it is a conservation tillage technology developed on the basis of returning corn straw to the field for planting. Under this technical model, by shallowly tilling and arranging the sowing belt (seedbed), a flat and loose soil environment can be created, improving the consistency of the depth of seed entry into the soil, which is beneficial to achieving uniform seedlings, strong seedlings, and even seedlings. This technology combines the ecological advantages of straw mulch no - tillage and overcomes the low - temperature obstacle caused by straw mulch in spring, meeting the major requirements for current black soil protection and high - yield and high - efficiency crop development.

[0006] This technology reduces the area of bare soil, effectively prevents rainwater scouring and wind erosion, reduces the degree of soil erosion, and through the formation of strip or intercropping farmland layouts, reduces the evaporation of topsoil and water loss, effectively maintains soil moisture, provides a good growth environment for crops, and its effect is significantly better than traditional tillage methods. However, the water content of the soil and the degree of soil moisture conservation are different at different tillage times. If the tillage time is too early or too late, it will not only cause soil entropy loss, reduce the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, thus affecting crop yields, but also result in a greater resistance on the tillage device, increase energy consumption, and reduce energy utilization efficiency. Most importantly, special agricultural equipment is required for strip tillage. Current strip tillage equipment has many mechanical components and requires regular maintenance. The maintenance cost is relatively high and difficult for small-scale farmers to afford. Moreover, it does not have the function of fertilizing simultaneously during the tillage process, which will also indirectly affect the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. Therefore, tillage time, tillage depth, tillage width, and tillage equipment are crucial for improving water utilization efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, providing a tillage and soil preparation equipment and method for improving water use efficiency has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a tillage and soil preparation method for improving water use efficiency, specifically by using tillage and soil preparation equipment to perform strip tillage on the large field. The strip tillage time is after autumn harvest and before winter freezing. The strip tillage depth is 18 - 25 cm, and the soil water content during strip tillage is 10 - 20%. If it is a wide-narrow row planting method, the wide row is 70 cm and the narrow row is 50 cm during strip tillage. If it is a uniform ridge planting mode, the ridge spacing is 60 - 65 cm during strip tillage.

[0009] The present invention also provides a tillage and soil preparation equipment, including a main frame and a sub-frame. A first transmission mechanism, a row-forming mechanism, and a connecting frame are provided on the main frame. A strip tillage mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a laying mechanism, a pressing wheel, and a pressing wheel mounting frame are provided on the sub-frame. The connecting frame is connected to a traction device. The first transmission mechanism is respectively connected to the output end of the traction device and the second transmission mechanism. The sub-frame is fixedly connected to the main frame;

[0010] The row-forming mechanism includes a first hay rake, a second hay rake, a first hay rake fixing frame, and a second hay rake fixing frame. The first hay rake is movably connected to the first hay rake fixing frame, and the second hay rake is movably connected to the second hay rake fixing frame. The first hay rake fixing frame and the second hay rake fixing frame are respectively installed on the main frame. The first hay rake and the second hay rake are in a mirror image state and are respectively inclined towards the traveling direction;

[0011] The strip tillage mechanism includes a strip tillage wheel, a second shaft body, a second housing, and a hydraulic cylinder. The strip tillage wheel is installed on the second shaft body. The second housing is sleeved on the second shaft body, and the strip tillage wheel is located inside the second housing. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the second housing. The second shaft body is connected to a second transmission mechanism;

[0012] The fertilizing mechanism includes a box body, a motor, a stirring shaft, and a blanking pipe. The box body is provided with a discharge port and a feed port. One end of the stirring shaft is movably connected to the inner surface of the box body, and the other end passes through the box body and is connected to the output end of the motor. The two ends of the blanking pipe are respectively communicated with the discharge port and the outside;

[0013] The laying mechanism includes a shaft mounting frame, a plastic film mounting shaft, a drip irrigation tape mounting shaft, a first auxiliary wheel, a second auxiliary wheel, a film pressing wheel, a first auxiliary wheel mounting frame, a second auxiliary wheel mounting frame, and a film pressing wheel mounting frame. The plastic film mounting shaft and the drip irrigation tape mounting shaft are respectively installed on the shaft mounting frame. The first auxiliary wheel is shaft-connected to the first auxiliary wheel mounting frame. The second auxiliary wheel is shaft-connected to the first auxiliary wheel mounting frame. The film pressing wheel is shaft-connected to the film pressing wheel mounting frame;

[0014] On the upper surface of the auxiliary frame, a first auxiliary wheel mounting frame, a box body, and a shaft mounting frame are sequentially installed in the traveling direction. The hydraulic cylinder is installed on the upper surface of the auxiliary frame and is located below the drip irrigation tape mounting shaft. On the lower surface of the auxiliary frame, a film pressing wheel mounting frame, a second auxiliary wheel mounting frame, a soil compaction wheel mounting frame, a blanking pipe, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder are sequentially installed in the traveling direction.

[0015] Preferably, the first transmission mechanism includes a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, and a third transmission shaft. A fourth bevel gear is installed on the third transmission shaft. One end of the second transmission shaft is universally connected to the first transmission shaft, and the other end of the second transmission shaft is connected to the fourth bevel gear through a reversing device. The third transmission shaft is installed on the lower surface of the main frame.

[0016] Preferably, the second transmission shaft is universally connected to the first transmission shaft through a universal joint.

[0017] Preferably, the reversing device includes a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a third bevel gear, and a first shaft body. The two ends of the first shaft body are respectively connected to the second bevel gear and the third bevel gear. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are meshed with each other. The third bevel gear and the fourth bevel gear are meshed with each other. The first bevel gear is connected to the second transmission shaft.

[0018] Preferably, the reversing device further includes a first housing. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are located inside the first housing. The third bevel gear is located outside the first housing. The first housing is installed on the main frame.

[0019] Preferably, the second transmission mechanism includes a first sprocket and a second sprocket. The first sprocket is connected to the second sprocket by a chain. The first sprocket is connected to the first transmission mechanism. The second sprocket is installed on the second shaft body and is located outside the second housing.

[0020] Preferably, a deflector is installed at the end of the blanking pipe.

[0021] Preferably, a plurality of stirring rods are provided on the stirring shaft.

[0022] Preferably, there are multiple auxiliary frames, and the different auxiliary frames are connected by fixing columns.

[0023] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] (1) The tillage and land preparation method of the present invention can improve the water retention of the soil, thereby significantly improving the water use efficiency of the soil and further increasing the yield and quality of crops.

[0025] (2) The tillage and land preparation method of the present invention can significantly reduce the power consumption of the tillage and land preparation equipment, improve the resource utilization rate, avoid energy waste, improve the strip tillage quality and strip tillage efficiency, and indirectly reduce the maintenance cost of the machinery.

[0026] (3) The tillage and land preparation equipment of the present invention can realize the integrated functions of straw rowing, land preparation, fertilization, rolling, drip irrigation tape laying and plastic film laying, etc. Moreover, the tillage depth can be adjusted according to the actual situation. When tilling, the number of auxiliary frames can be selected according to the area of the large field. The width of the strip tillage wheel and the rolling wheel can be adjusted to adjust the width, and the narrow and wide row tillage mode can be realized by adjusting the distance between the auxiliary frames according to the actual situation. Description of the Drawings

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a front elevation sectional view of the device.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a bottom plan view of the device.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the first transmission mechanism.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the strip tillage mechanism.

[0032] Figure 5It is the structure diagram of the strip tillage wheel.

[0033] Figure 6 It is the structure diagram of the fertilizing mechanism.

[0034] Figure 7 It is the comparison of soil water retention in different strip tillage periods (Caijia).

[0035] Figure 8 It is the comparison of soil water retention in different strip tillage periods (Sikeshu).

[0036] Figure 9 It is the comparison of soil water retention in different strip tillage periods (Linhai).

[0037] Figure 10 It is the investigation and comparison of emergence rate in different strip tillage periods (Caijia).

[0038] Figure 11 It is the investigation and comparison of emergence rate in different strip tillage periods (Wanfa).

[0039] Figure 12 It is the investigation and comparison of emergence rate in different strip tillage periods (Linhai).

[0040] Figure 13 It is the comparison of corn yields under different strip tillage periods (Caijia).

[0041] Figure 14 It is the comparison of corn yields under different strip tillage periods (Wanfa).

[0042] Figure 15 It is the comparison of corn yields under different strip tillage periods (Linhai).

[0043] Figure 16 It is the comparison of operation efficiency under different strip tillage depths.

[0044] Figure 17 It is the comparison of operation power consumption under different strip tillage depths.

[0045] Figure 18 It is the frequency distribution of strip tillage depths of 68 cooperatives or family farms.

[0046] Figure 19 It is the influence of strip tillage operation on the surface flatness under different soil moisture conditions.

[0047] Figure 20 It is the influence of strip tillage operation on power consumption under different soil moisture conditions.

[0048] Figure 21 It is the comparison of the dragging and piling rate under different widths. Specific implementation method

[0049] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] Embodiment 1

[0051] Combined with the attached Figures 1-6 , this embodiment provides a tillage and soil preparation equipment, including a main frame 8 and a sub-frame 9. A first transmission mechanism, a row-folding mechanism, and a connecting frame 7 are provided on the main frame 8. A strip tillage mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a laying mechanism, a pressing wheel 67, and a pressing wheel mounting bracket 6701 are provided on the sub-frame 9. The pressing wheel 67 is axially connected to the pressing wheel mounting bracket 6701.

[0052] The transmission mechanism includes a first transmission shaft 11, a second transmission shaft 12, and a third transmission shaft 13. A fourth bevel gear 14 is installed on the third transmission shaft 13. One end of the second transmission shaft 12 is connected to the first transmission shaft 111 through a universal joint 16, and the other end of the second transmission shaft 12 is connected to the fourth bevel gear 14 through a reversing device 17. The reversing device 17 includes a first bevel gear 1701, a second bevel gear 1702, a third bevel gear 1703, a first shaft body 1704, and a first housing 1705. The two ends of the first shaft body 1704 are respectively connected to the second bevel gear 1702 and the third bevel gear 1703. The first bevel gear 1701 meshes with the second bevel gear 1702, the third bevel gear 1703 meshes with the fourth bevel gear 1704. The first bevel gear 1701 is connected to the second transmission shaft 12. The first bevel gear 1701 and the second bevel gear 1704 are located inside the first housing 1705, and the third bevel gear 1703 is located outside the first housing 1705.

[0053] The row-folding mechanism includes a first hay rake disc 21, a second hay rake disc 23, a first hay rake disc fixing bracket 22, and a second hay rake disc fixing bracket 24. The first hay rake disc 21 is movably connected to the first hay rake disc fixing bracket 22 through a pin shaft, and the second hay rake disc 23 is movably connected to the second hay rake disc fixing bracket 24 through a pin shaft.

[0054] The first housing 1705 is fixed on the upper surface of the main frame 8. The third transmission shaft 13 is installed on the lower surface of the main frame 8 through a transmission shaft mounting seat 15. The transmission shaft mounting seat 15 is sleeved on the third transmission shaft 13. The first hay rake disc fixing bracket 22 and the second hay rake disc fixing bracket 24 are respectively installed on the main frame 8. The first hay rake disc 21 and the second hay rake disc 23 are in a mirror image state and are respectively inclined towards the traveling direction at an angle of 15 degrees.

[0055] The strip tillage mechanism includes a strip tillage wheel 31, a second shaft body 32, a second housing 33, and a hydraulic cylinder 34. The strip tillage wheel 31 is installed on the second shaft body 32. The second housing 33 is sleeved on the second shaft body 32, and the strip tillage wheel 31 is located inside the second housing 33. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 34 is fixedly connected to the second housing 33.

[0056] The second transmission mechanism includes a first sprocket 41 and a second sprocket 42. The first sprocket 41 is connected to the second sprocket 42 through a chain 43. The first sprocket 41 is installed on the third transmission shaft 13, and the second sprocket 42 is installed on the second shaft body 32. The second sprocket 42 is located outside the second housing 33.

[0057] The fertilizing mechanism includes a box body 51, a motor 52, a stirring shaft 53, a blanking pipe 55, and a guide plate 56. The box body 51 is provided with a discharge port 5101 and a feed port 5102. One end of the stirring shaft 53 is installed on the inner surface of the box body 51 through a bearing, and the other end penetrates through the box body 51 and is connected to the output end of the motor 52. A number of stirring rods 54 are provided on the stirring shaft 53. The two ends of the blanking pipe 55 are respectively communicated with the discharge port 5101 and the guide plate 56.

[0058] The laying mechanism includes a shaft body mounting frame 61, a plastic film mounting shaft 62, a drip irrigation tape mounting shaft 63, a first auxiliary wheel 64, a second auxiliary wheel 65, a film pressing wheel 66, a first auxiliary wheel mounting frame 6401, a second auxiliary wheel mounting frame 6501, and a film pressing wheel mounting frame 6601. The plastic film mounting shaft 62 and the drip irrigation tape mounting shaft 63 are respectively installed on the shaft body mounting frame 61. The first auxiliary wheel 64 is axially connected to the first auxiliary wheel mounting frame 6401. The second auxiliary wheel 65 is axially connected to the first auxiliary wheel mounting frame 6401. The film pressing wheel 66 is axially connected to the film pressing wheel mounting frame 6601.

[0059] On the upper surface of the auxiliary frame 9, a first auxiliary wheel mounting frame 6401, a box body 51, and a shaft body mounting frame 61 are sequentially installed in the traveling direction. The hydraulic cylinder 34 is installed on the upper surface of the auxiliary frame 9 and is located below the drip irrigation tape mounting shaft 63. On the lower surface of the auxiliary frame 9, a film pressing wheel mounting frame 6601, a second auxiliary wheel mounting frame 6501, a pressing wheel mounting frame 6701, a blanking pipe 55, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 34 are sequentially installed in the traveling direction.

[0060] There are two groups of auxiliary frames 8, which are respectively fixedly connected to the main frame 9. The different auxiliary frames 8 are connected by a fixing column 10. A set of row returning mechanisms are provided in front of each auxiliary frame 8.

[0061] The operating principle of this device is as follows:

[0062] The connecting frame 7 is connected to the traction device, and the first transmission shaft 11 is connected to the power output end of the traction device. When the traction device drives the main frame 8 and the sub-frame 9 to move forward, the rake disks 21 and 23 at a 30° angle can rake the straws to both sides to clear the road. The power provided by the traction device sequentially passes through the first transmission shaft 11, the second transmission shaft 12, the reversing device 17, the third transmission shaft 13, the first sprocket 41, the chain 43 and the second sprocket 42, reaches the second shaft body 32 and drives the strip tillage wheel 31 to rotate, starting to plow the soil. The fertilizer is put into the box body 51 through the feed port 5102, the motor 52 is started to stir the fertilizer, and the fertilizer sequentially passes through the discharge port 5101, the blanking pipe 55 and the diversion plate 56 and enters the plowed soil. The compaction wheel 67 compacts the plowed soil and the fertilizer. The drip irrigation tape 102 is installed on the drip irrigation tape installation shaft 63, and the plastic film 101 is installed on the plastic film installation shaft 62. The plastic film 101 is above the drip irrigation tape 102. The plastic film 101 covers the drip irrigation tape 102 and sequentially passes through the first auxiliary wheel 64, the second auxiliary wheel 65 and the film pressing wheel 66. The film pressing wheel 66 lays the plastic film 101 and the drip irrigation tape 102 on the just plowed soil. Multiple groups of sub-frames 9 can be set according to actual needs. The widths of the strip tillage wheels 31, the compaction wheels 67 and the film pressing wheels 66 can also be adjusted according to actual needs. The length of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder can be adjusted according to the depth of tillage required, and then a chain of appropriate length is installed to achieve strip tillage at different depths.

[0063] Test Example 1

[0064] The tillage equipment of Example 1 was used to perform strip tillage at three periods respectively: strip tillage after autumn harvest, strip tillage on the frozen soil in the second spring (frozen soil strip tillage), and strip tillage before sowing (pre-sowing strip tillage). The soil mass water content at a soil depth of 0 - 40 cm under different strip tillage periods was measured. The results showed that whether on black soil or sandy soil, it was all shown that the soil mass water content of autumn strip tillage > strip tillage on frozen soil > pre-sowing spring strip tillage.

[0065] The specific soil water content performance is as follows: According to Figure 7 shown at the Caijia black soil test site, it was shown that at the surface layer (0 - 10 cm), pre-sowing spring strip tillage > autumn strip tillage > strip tillage on frozen soil in spring, while at a soil depth of 20 - 40 cm, it was all shown that autumn strip tillage was significantly > strip tillage on frozen soil in spring > pre-sowing spring strip tillage. Among them, the soil moisture difference at a depth of 30 cm was the largest. The autumn strip tillage was 2.69 and 4.34 percentage points higher than the strip tillage on frozen soil in spring and the pre-sowing spring strip tillage respectively.

[0066] According to Figure 8 shown at the sandy soil monitoring site, it can be seen that at a soil depth of 0 - 40 cm, at all four locations, it was shown that autumn strip tillage > strip tillage on frozen soil in spring > pre-sowing spring strip tillage. According to Figure 9As shown at the Linhai monitoring point, for the soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm surface layer, there was no significant difference between spring tillage with thawed soil and spring tillage before sowing, but both were significantly lower than that of autumn tillage. For the soil moisture content at a depth of 30-40 cm, autumn tillage was significantly greater than spring tillage with thawed soil, and the soil moisture content of spring tillage before sowing was the lowest.

[0067] Therefore, for the technical model of returning crop straw to the field by strip tillage, it is recommended that strip tillage be carried out after the autumn harvest of corn and before the soil freezes. If strip tillage needs to be carried out in spring, it should be carried out before the soil thaws to avoid moisture loss.

[0068] Test Example 2

[0069] Since rotary tillage at different times has a significant impact on soil moisture, it will also affect the emergence quality of corn seedlings and corn yield. From the statistics of the seedling retention rate after emergence (the survey date was 2 weeks after emergence) and the yield at different test points, whether in the black soil area or the sandy soil area, the order was autumn strip tillage > spring strip tillage with thawed soil > spring strip tillage before sowing.

[0070] According to Figures 10-12 As shown, there was no obvious difference in the seedling retention rate between spring strip tillage with thawed soil and autumn strip tillage at the Caijia monitoring point, but both were significantly higher than that of spring strip tillage before sowing. Spring strip tillage before sowing was 4.85% lower than autumn strip tillage. At the Wanfa monitoring point, the highest seedling retention rate of autumn strip tillage was 89.33%, followed by spring strip tillage with thawed soil at 88.13%, while spring strip tillage before sowing was 81.88%, significantly lower than the previous two treatments. The performance pattern at the Linhai monitoring point was basically the same as that at Wanfa, showing autumn strip tillage > spring strip tillage with thawed soil > spring strip tillage before sowing.

[0071] According to Figures 13-15 As shown, the corn yield of spring strip tillage with thawed soil at the Caijia monitoring point was 6.86% lower than that of autumn strip tillage, and spring strip tillage before sowing was 12.55% lower than autumn strip tillage. At the Wanfa monitoring point, spring strip tillage with thawed soil was 2.69% lower than autumn strip tillage, and spring strip tillage before sowing was 4.91% lower than autumn strip tillage. The performance pattern at the Linhai monitoring point was basically the same as that at Wanfa, showing autumn strip tillage > spring strip tillage with thawed soil > spring strip tillage before sowing.

[0072] Test Example 3

[0073] The strip tillage depth of corn directly affects the efficiency and cost of mechanical operations. From the research and statistics results of the typical demonstration base and the cooperative ( Figures 16-18) As the strip tillage depth increases, the mechanical operation efficiency shows an obvious downward trend. From a strip tillage depth of 15.2 cm to 35 cm, the operation efficiency has decreased by more than 50%. Analyzing from the operation cost, as the strip tillage depth increases from 15.2 cm to 35 cm, the operation cost has increased by nearly 70% or more. When the operation depth is 25 cm, both power consumption and operation efficiency can be balanced, which is the optimal operation depth and can also meet the agronomic requirements in production (depth > 15 cm is required to break the plow sole).

[0074] Combined with the survey results of 68 sample points of family farms or cooperatives distributed in Lishu Town and Wanfa Town of Lishu County, Jilin Province, Jiutai District and Yushu City of Jilin Province from 2018 to 2019, the proportion of cooperatives or family farms with strip tillage depth in the range of 15 - 25 cm accounts for the vast majority, reaching 86.36%.

[0075] Therefore, combined with the fixed-point monitoring of typical cooperatives and the research data of 68 cooperative bases, it is determined that the recommended strip tillage depth is 18 - 25 cm.

[0076] Test Example 4

[0077] From the investigation results of the operation quality under different soil moisture contents, low-moisture soil is beneficial to improving the soil operation quality ( Figure 19 ), when the soil moisture mass water content exceeds 13.5%, the flatness of the soil after strip rotary tillage begins to decrease, and when the soil moisture mass water content exceeds 19.8%, the flatness of the soil decreases significantly.

[0078] In addition, soil moisture also significantly affects the power consumption of machinery. Too low or too high soil moisture will affect the shear force of the soil during mechanical operation, thus affecting the power consumption of the machinery. From Figure 20 it can be seen that when the soil mass water content is between 6.5% and 10%, the power consumption of mechanical operation shows a decreasing trend. When the soil mass water content is greater than 10%, the mechanical power consumption shows an increasing trend. Especially when the soil mass water content exceeds 20%, the mechanical power consumption increases significantly. Therefore, through comprehensive analysis of the above parameters, when the soil mass water content is between 10% and 20%, it is suitable for mechanical operation, which is the recommended operation timing.

[0079] Test Example 5

[0080] Under the straw mulching strip tillage mode, the determination of the strip tillage width and the mulching width is closely related to the local farming habits, especially the row spacing. In the central region of Jilin Province, the recommended width for the wide-narrow row planting method is 120 cm, with the wide row and the narrow row being 70 cm and 50 cm respectively. Under the uniform ridge planting mode, the ridge spacing is 60 - 65 cm. In order not to change the regional agricultural planting habits, the working width of the strip tillage machine is adjusted and set to four treatments of 58 cm, 60 cm, 65 cm, and 70 cm respectively, and the strip tillage depth is carried out under the condition of 25 ± 2.0 cm. Figure 21 The results show that the strip width of strip tillage can significantly affect the straw dragging of the strip tillage machine. As the strip tillage width increases, the probability of mechanical straw dragging shows a significant decreasing trend. Among them, under the condition of a 70-cm strip width, the incidence of straw dragging is the lowest, but it also increases the disturbed soil area. Therefore, it is recommended that in actual operation, the strip tillage width should be 65 cm. Therefore, under this mode, the strip tillage width and the mulching width of the straw are 65 cm and 55 cm respectively.

[0081] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for tilling and preparing land for improving water use efficiency, characterized in that: Use tillage equipment to perform strip tillage on the field. The strip tillage time is after the harvest in autumn and before the winter freeze. The strip tillage depth is 18-25cm, and the soil moisture content is 10-20% during strip tillage. If the wide and narrow row planting method is adopted, the wide row is 70cm and the narrow row is 50cm. If the uniform ridge planting mode is adopted, the ridge spacing is 60-65cm.

2. A land preparation equipment based on the method of claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a main frame and an auxiliary frame, wherein the main frame is provided with a transmission mechanism 1, a row returning mechanism and a connecting frame, and the auxiliary frame is provided with a strip tillage mechanism, a transmission mechanism 2, a fertilizing mechanism, a laying mechanism, a pressing wheel and a pressing wheel mounting frame, the connecting frame is connected to a traction device, the transmission mechanism 1 is respectively connected to an output end of the traction device and the transmission mechanism 2, and the auxiliary frame is fixedly connected to the main frame; The return mechanism comprises a raking disc 1, a raking disc 2, a raking disc fixing frame 1 and a raking disc fixing frame 2, the raking disc 1 is movably connected to the raking disc fixing frame 1, the raking disc 2 is movably connected to the raking disc fixing frame 2, the raking disc fixing frame 1 and the raking disc fixing frame 2 are respectively mounted on the main frame, the raking disc 1 and the raking disc 2 are in a mirror image state, and are respectively inclined in the direction of travel; The strip tillage mechanism comprises a strip tillage wheel, a second shaft body, a second housing and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the strip tillage wheel is mounted on the second shaft body, the second housing is sleeved on the second shaft body, and the strip tillage wheel is located inside the second housing body, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the second housing body, and the second shaft body is connected to the second transmission mechanism; The fertilization mechanism includes a box, a motor, a stirring shaft and a feeding pipe. The box is provided with a discharge port and a feeding port. One end of the stirring shaft is movably connected to the inner surface of the box, and the other end passes through the box and is connected to the output end of the motor. Both ends of the feeding pipe are connected to the discharge port and the outside respectively. The laying mechanism comprises an axle body mounting frame, a ground film mounting shaft, a drip irrigation tape mounting shaft, an auxiliary wheel 1, an auxiliary wheel 2, a film pressing wheel, an auxiliary wheel mounting frame 1, an auxiliary wheel mounting frame 2 and a film pressing wheel mounting frame, wherein the ground film mounting shaft and the drip irrigation tape mounting shaft are respectively mounted on the axle body mounting frame, the auxiliary wheel 1 is connected to an auxiliary wheel mounting frame 1 shaft, the auxiliary wheel 2 is connected to an auxiliary wheel mounting frame 1 shaft, and the film pressing wheel is connected to a film pressing wheel mounting frame shaft; The upper surface of the auxiliary frame is equipped with an auxiliary wheel mounting frame 1, a box body and an axle body mounting frame in sequence according to the direction of travel; the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the upper surface of the auxiliary frame and is located below the drip irrigation tape mounting axis; the lower surface of the auxiliary frame is equipped with a film pressing wheel mounting frame, an auxiliary wheel mounting frame 2, a suppression wheel mounting frame, a feed pipe and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder in sequence according to the direction of travel.

3. A land preparation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism 1 includes a transmission shaft 1, a transmission shaft 2 and a transmission shaft 3, and a bevel gear 4 is installed on the transmission shaft 3. One end of the transmission shaft 2 is universally connected to the transmission shaft 1, and the other end of the transmission shaft 2 is connected to the bevel gear 4 through a reversing device. The transmission shaft 3 is installed on the lower surface of the main frame.

4. The land preparation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second transmission shaft is universally connected to the first transmission shaft via a universal joint.

5. The land preparation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reversing device includes bevel gear 1, bevel gear 2, bevel gear 3 and shaft body 1, the two ends of the shaft body 1 are respectively connected to bevel gear 2 and bevel gear 3, the bevel gear 1 is meshed with bevel gear 2, the bevel gear 3 is meshed with bevel gear 4, and the bevel gear 1 is connected to transmission shaft 2.

6. The land preparation equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reversing device also includes a housing 1, the bevel gear 1 and the bevel gear 2 are located inside the housing 1, the bevel gear 3 is located outside the housing 1, and the housing 1 is installed on the main frame.

7. The land preparation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism 2 includes sprocket 1 and sprocket 2, the sprocket 1 is connected to sprocket 2 through a chain, the sprocket 1 is connected to the transmission mechanism 1, the sprocket 2 is installed on the shaft body 2, and the sprocket 2 is located outside the shell 2.

8. The land preparation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide plate is installed at the end of the feeding pipe.

9. The land preparation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of stirring rods are arranged on the stirring shaft.

10. The land preparation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are multiple sub-frames, and the different sub-frames are connected by fixing columns.

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