Method for efficiently planting rice in saline-alkali soil at low cost

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently planting rice in saline-alkali soil at low cost and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil planting. The method comprises the following steps: 1, selecting saline-alkali soil with a water source, the pH value of 8.0-10.0 and the salt content of 3.5%-5.7% as a rice field, cleaning the field, flattening the field, perfecting a water supply and drainage system, and carrying out saline-alkali treatment; 2, planting and managing. According to the method, the rice in the whole field is good in growth vigor, free of lodging and high in saline-alkaline tolerance and yielding ability, and the yield per mu can reach 567.8 kg and is close to the yield of the rice of the variety and the yield in a normal paddy field; according to the method, the planting cost is reduced by 238 yuan per mu, gypsum does not need to be applied in the planting process of the next year after harvesting, the cost can be further reduced, and it is predicted that the cost can be equal to the cost of normal paddy field planting after three years; the planting method provided by the invention is convenient for re-carving of transformation planting of the same type of saline-alkali soil, accelerates the steps from test to demonstration and from scientific research to field, and realizes consideration of salt tolerance and high yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost. Background Art

[0002] Heilongjiang's saline-alkali lands are primarily distributed in Qiqihar, Daqing, and Suihua, west of the Songnen Plain. These inland soda-alkali lands cover a total area exceeding 15 million mu (approximately 1.5 million hectares). These saline-alkali lands affect plant growth, and with the development of modern agricultural practices, many saline-alkali lands have transitioned from mild to moderately severe salinization. The area is expected to continue expanding, and the degree of salinization is expected to intensify. To address this, Heilongjiang Province has implemented a series of measures to improve saline-alkali lands, including the breeding of salt-tolerant soybeans and rice, promoting the agricultural utilization of saline-alkali lands.

[0003] In recent years, the Institute of Cultivation and Soil Science at the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences has achieved a series of scientific and technological achievements in increasing crop productivity in saline-alkali soils. Their salt-alkali-tolerant rice variety, Longdao 202, has been cultivated on a 500-mu (approximately 1.5-1.7 acres) demonstration area. The soil type is typical soda saline-alkali soil with a pH of approximately 10.0. By utilizing integrated land leveling, calcium ion exchange, strong oxidant alkalinity reduction, multi-ion interference, and organic matter enrichment techniques, field yield measurements by experts have shown a yield of 400.13 kg per mu. With continued improvements, the yield has reached 436.8 kg per mu. Longdao 202 has an average yield of 615.7 kg per mu in normal paddy fields, consistently recognized for its high yield and lodging resistance. However, its yield in saline-alkali paddy fields remains below par with that in normal paddy fields. Furthermore, the high cost of cultivation in existing saline-alkali paddy fields is compounded by the long distances between large saline-alkali lands and the high cost of renovation. Therefore, reducing cultivation costs, standardizing and unifying management methods, and achieving a balance between salt tolerance and high yield are pressing technical challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost.

[0005] A method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1. Saline-alkali land management:

[0007] Select saline-alkali land with water source, pH value of 8.0-10.0, and salt content of 3.5‰-5.7‰ as rice fields. After clearing and leveling the land, improve the water supply and drainage system. In mid-October of the same year, build standard strip fields and evenly apply gypsum. In mid-to-late April of the following year, fill the fields with water after turning the land, cover the paddy blocks with water, soak the fields after beating the pulp for 2-3 days, and then drain until there is no water on the surface. Repeat this process 2-3 times. Then fill the rice fields with water to keep the subsurface soil moist. Then apply humic acid, saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer and crushed straw, and let it stand for 2-3 days.

[0008] 2. Planting and management:

[0009] The method comprises applying decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the rice field, allowing the rice field to stand for 2 to 4 days, then flooding the field with water to a depth of 0.8 to 1.2 cm, and mechanically transplanting rice seedlings. After 2 to 3 days, water is added to a water layer depth of 4 to 5 cm. The field is drained and sun-dried for 2 days after every 3 days. Rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate are applied as topdressing fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate are applied as tillering fertilizer. Conventional methods are then used for irrigation, weeding and pest control. During the grain filling period, the water layer depth is maintained at 4 to 5 cm. Irrigation is stopped at the end of waxy maturity. The field is drained and sun-dried for 3 days at the beginning of yellowing maturity. A 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is then sprayed. The rice is harvested when the yellowing rate reaches 95% to 98%, thereby completing the method.

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of gypsum used in step 1 is 40 cubic meters per hectare of land.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil is turned over in step 1 by rotary tillage at a depth of 20 to 30 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the dosage of humic acid, saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer and crushed straw in step 1 is 500-1000 kg / hm 2 20~50kg / hm 2 and 800kg / hm 2 .

[0013] Furthermore, the amount of decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in step 2 is 2000-3000 kg / hm 2 , 6~10kg / hm 2 , 5~6kg / hm 2 and 7-8 kg / hm 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the mechanical transplanting described in step 2: the row spacing of transplanting is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 5 cm, the depth is 2 cm, and there are 3 to 4 plants in each hole; the seedling variety used for transplanting is Longdao 202, which has a seedling age of 35 to 40 days and a leaf age of 3 to 4 leaves.

[0015] Furthermore, the dosage of the rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate in step 2 is 2 kg / hm 2 , 2~4kg / hm 2 and 2-3 kg / hm 2 .

[0016] Furthermore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate in step 2 is 2-3 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0017] Furthermore, the dosage of the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in step 2 is 50-80 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0018] Furthermore, after the harvesting in step 2 is completed, the rice straw together with the root system is directly broken in the field from late October to early November, and saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer is applied, and then the field is plowed and leveled; the plowing depth is 20 to 25 cm.

[0019] The principles and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. In the present invention, gypsum is applied after standard strip fields are built in the autumn. Calcium ions exchange ions with sodium ions adsorbed by soil colloids, and the outer layer of calcium ion-containing colloidal particles does not adsorb water molecules. The colloidal particles themselves can approach each other and agglomerate. If they are not dispersed in the soil cracks, the soil will be difficult to compact. When water molecules penetrate between the particles, the particles will expand, and cracks will occur in the soil during the drying process. After this process is repeated, the soil will form a granular structure, which is conducive to the growth of crop roots and water absorption. At the same time, calcium ions react with carbonate ions and bicarbonate in the soil to precipitate, reducing the high pH of the soil caused by carbonate and bicarbonate. The sodium sulfate formed after the sodium ions are replaced moves with water and discharges the soil body, thereby reducing the pH of saline-alkali soil. In the present invention, gypsum is only used in newly opened saline-alkali land plots, and it does not need to be applied next year, which is effective and controls costs.

[0021] 2. The present invention washes alkali from newly opened saline-alkali land, utilizing the characteristics of soda-type saline-alkali land in the Northeast region and available irrigation water sources, and scientifically and rationally constructs a water supply and drainage system. Usually, the irrigation water source is well irrigation groundwater, with single irrigation and single drainage and regular drainage.

[0022] The water seepage of the paddy field in the present invention is relatively stable, with no obvious daily and seasonal changes. The average daily seepage is 1 mm, and the total seepage from mid-May to mid-September is 124 mm.

[0023] 3. In the present invention, the average salt content of the soil profile decreases by 1.5 g / kg in the year of rice harvest; maintaining the operation in the following year can reduce the average salt content of the soil profile to 1 g / kg. In addition, the rice straw accumulated year by year is crushed and returned to the field together with the root system, which effectively improves the permeability of the soil. The effective combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, combined with rotary tillage and deep land preparation, constructs a fertile arable layer of paddy soil, coordinates the relationship between straw decomposition and the growth of previous and next crops, and takes reasonable fertilizer, water and soil management measures to optimize the population quality of rice.

[0024] 4. The use of humic acid in the present invention can further regulate soil aggregate structure and reduce the migration and accumulation of various soluble salts toward the surface. The addition of humic acid forms a humic acid-calcium complex, which improves soil structural stability, increases soil porosity, improves air content, increases base exchange capacity, and enhances soil water retention. In this embodiment, humic acid is applied continuously for more than three years.

[0025] 5. The saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer of the present invention can adjust the pH value of the soil, break up soil compaction, loosen the soil, deepen the tillage layer, improve the soil aggregate structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, increase cation exchange capacity, reduce soil-borne diseases caused by repeated cropping, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, release phosphorus and potassium, allow the solidified phosphorus and potassium in the soil to be absorbed and utilized again, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used.

[0026] 6. The rice-specific bacteria of the present invention are applied by root irrigation and are a composite agricultural microbial agent that promotes the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, enhances the absorption capacity of the root system, makes the stems thick and the seedlings strong, and makes the plants upright, enhances the lodging resistance, and promotes the growth of ears and prevents ear drop.

[0027] 7. During the planting process of the present invention, field investigations showed that the rice in the whole field grew well, uniformly, without disease or lodging, showing strong salt-alkali tolerance and high yield, with an yield of 567.8 kg per mu, close to the yield of this variety of rice and that in normal paddy fields. The planting cost of the present invention was reduced by 238 yuan per mu, and no gypsum was required during the planting process in the following year after harvesting, which could further reduce the cost. It is estimated that the cost will be on par with the cost of normal paddy field planting in three years. Moreover, through technical improvements and policy support, the cost can be gradually reduced and the economic benefits can be improved, providing more possibilities for the promotion of rice planting in saline-alkali land.

[0028] 8. The present invention can continuously tap into reserve arable land resources and help improve food production capacity; the expected harvest can be achieved in the first year of improved planting, effectively preventing the formation of secondary saline-alkali land, reducing planting costs, adopting standardized and unified management methods, providing technical training for farmers, and improving the management level of saline-alkali land rice planting. The method is simple and convenient for replicating the transformation and planting of the same type of saline-alkali land, continuously tapping into reserve arable land resources, providing more scientific basis for the precise development and sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land, accelerating the pace from experiment to demonstration, from scientific research to field, and achieving a balance between salt tolerance and high yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation methods listed below, but also includes any reasonable combination of the specific implementation methods.

[0030] Specific embodiment 1: This embodiment provides a method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost, which includes the following steps:

[0031] 1. Saline-alkali land management:

[0032] Select saline-alkali land with water source, pH value of 8.0-10.0, and salt content of 3.5‰-5.7‰ as rice fields. After clearing and leveling the land, improve the water supply and drainage system. In mid-October of the same year, build standard strip fields and evenly apply gypsum. In mid-to-late April of the following year, fill the fields with water after turning the land, cover the paddy blocks with water, soak the fields after beating the pulp for 2-3 days, and then drain until there is no water on the surface. Repeat this process 2-3 times. Then fill the rice fields with water to keep the subsurface soil moist. Then apply humic acid, saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer and crushed straw, and let it stand for 2-3 days.

[0033] 2. Planting and management:

[0034] The method comprises applying decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the rice field, allowing the rice field to stand for 2 to 4 days, then flooding the field with water to a depth of 0.8 to 1.2 cm, and mechanically transplanting rice seedlings. After 2 to 3 days, water is added to a water layer depth of 4 to 5 cm. The field is drained and sun-dried for 2 days after every 3 days. Rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate are applied as topdressing fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate are applied as tillering fertilizer. Conventional methods are then used for irrigation, weeding and pest control. During the grain filling period, the water layer depth is maintained at 4 to 5 cm. Irrigation is stopped at the end of waxy maturity. The field is drained and sun-dried for 3 days at the beginning of yellowing maturity. A 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is then sprayed. The rice is harvested when the yellowing rate reaches 95% to 98%, thereby completing the method.

[0035] In the present embodiment, gypsum is applied after standard strip fields are built in the autumn. Calcium ions exchange ions with sodium ions adsorbed by soil colloids, and the outer layer of calcium ion-containing colloidal particles does not adsorb water molecules. The colloidal particles themselves can approach each other and agglomerate. If they are not dispersed in the soil cracks, the soil will be difficult to compact. When water molecules penetrate between the particles, the particles will expand, and the soil will crack during the drying process. After this process is repeated, the soil forms a granular structure, which is conducive to the growth of crop roots and water absorption. At the same time, calcium ions react with carbonate ions and bicarbonate in the soil to precipitate, reducing the high pH of the soil caused by carbonate and bicarbonate. The sodium sulfate formed after the sodium ions are replaced moves with water and discharges the soil, thereby reducing the pH of saline-alkali soil. In the present invention, gypsum is only used in newly opened saline-alkali land plots, and it does not need to be applied next year, which is effective and controls costs.

[0036] This implementation method washes alkali from newly opened saline-alkali land, utilizing the characteristics of soda-type saline-alkali land in the Northeast region and available irrigation water sources, and scientifically and rationally constructs a water supply and drainage system. The irrigation water source is usually well irrigation groundwater, with single irrigation and single drainage and regular drainage.

[0037] In this embodiment, the amount of water leakage in the paddy field is relatively stable, with no obvious daily and seasonal changes. The average daily leakage is 1 mm, and the total leakage from mid-May to mid-September is 124 mm.

[0038] In the year of rice harvest in this embodiment, the average salt content of the soil profile decreases by 1.5g / kg; maintaining the operation in the following year can reduce the average salt content of the soil profile to 1g / kg, and the rice straw accumulated year by year is crushed and returned to the field together with the root system, which effectively improves the permeability of the soil. The effective combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, combined with rotary tillage and deep land preparation, constructs a fertile arable layer of rice field soil, coordinates the relationship between straw decomposition and the growth of previous and next crops, and takes reasonable fertilizer, water and soil management measures to optimize the population quality of rice.

[0039] The use of humic acid in this embodiment can further regulate soil aggregate structure and reduce the migration and accumulation of various soluble salts toward the surface. The addition of humic acid forms a humic acid-calcium complex, which improves soil structural stability. It also increases soil porosity, air content, base exchange capacity, and water retention. In this embodiment, humic acid is applied continuously for at least three years.

[0040] The saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer in this embodiment can adjust the soil pH value, break up soil compaction, loosen the soil, deepen the tillage layer, improve the soil aggregate structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, increase cation exchange capacity, reduce soil-borne diseases caused by repeated cropping, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, release phosphorus and potassium, allow the phosphorus and potassium solidified in the soil to be absorbed and utilized again, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used.

[0041] In this embodiment, the rice-specific fungus is applied by root irrigation and is a composite agricultural microbial agent that promotes the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, enhances the absorption capacity of the root system, makes the stems thick and the seedlings strong, makes the plants upright, enhances the lodging resistance, and promotes the growth of ears and prevents ear drop.

[0042] Specific embodiment 2: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 in that the amount of gypsum used in step 1 is 40 cubic meters per hectare of land. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 1.

[0043] Specific embodiment 3: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 in that the soil turning in step 1 is done by rotary tillage with a depth of 20 to 30 cm. Other aspects are the same as those of specific embodiment 1.

[0044] Specific embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from the specific embodiment 1 in that the dosage of humic acid, saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer and crushed straw in step 1 is 500-1000 kg / hm 2 20~50kg / hm 2 and 800kg / hm 2 The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

[0045] The saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer in this embodiment was purchased from Guangxi Xinqili Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. under the trade name New Qili .

[0046] In this embodiment, the length of the pulverized straw is ≤5 cm.

[0047] Specific embodiment 5: This embodiment is different from the specific embodiment 1 in that the amount of decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in step 2 is 2000-3000 kg / hm 2 , 6~10kg / hm 2 , 5~6kg / hm 2 and 7-8 kg / hm 2 The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

[0048] In this embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated in terms of pure nitrogen; the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are calculated in terms of P2O5 and K2O.

[0049] Specific embodiment 6: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 in that the mechanical transplanting described in step 2 is performed with a row spacing of 20 cm, a plant spacing of 5 cm, a depth of 2 cm, and 3-4 plants per hole. The rice seedlings used are Longdao 202, 35-40 days old, and have 3-4 leaves. All other aspects are the same as specific embodiment 1.

[0050] Specific embodiment seven: This embodiment differs from the specific embodiment one in that the dosage of the rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate in step two is 2 kg / hm 2 , 2~4kg / hm 2 and 2-3 kg / hm 2 The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

[0051] The rice-specific bacteria described in this embodiment were purchased from Guangzhou Weiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0052] Specific embodiment eight: This embodiment differs from the specific embodiment one in that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate in step two is 2-3 kg / hm2. 2 The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

[0053] Specific embodiment 9: This embodiment is different from the specific embodiment 1 in that the amount of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in step 2 is 50-80 kg / hm2. 2 The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

[0054] Specific embodiment ten: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that, after the harvest in step two, the rice straw and roots are directly broken up in the field from late October to early November, and saline-alkaline soil remediation fertilizer is applied, followed by plowing and leveling; the plowing depth is 20-25 cm. Other aspects are the same as specific embodiment one.

[0055] In this embodiment, the rice straw and its roots are broken into pieces with a length of ≤5 cm.

[0056] In this embodiment, the saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer is 20-50 kg / hm 2 .

[0057] The beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by the following examples:

[0058] Example:

[0059] This example was carried out at the Northeast Center All-Round Soda Saline-alkali Land Improvement Technology Demonstration Base in Dürbert Mongol Autonomous County, Daqing City, with a pH value of 10 and a salt content of 5.7‰. The improved water supply and drainage system included well irrigation with groundwater, single irrigation and single drainage, and regular drainage. The rice variety selected was Longdao 202, and the control group selected Longjing 20 and conventional planting. The time period was from October 2023 to November 2024. The area was 2 mu for each group.

[0060] A method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost, comprising the following steps:

[0061] 1. Saline-alkali land management:

[0062] Select saline-alkali land with a water source, a pH value of 10.0, and a salt content of 5.7‰ as the rice field. After clearing and leveling the land, improve the water supply and drainage system. In mid-October of the same year, build standard strip fields and evenly apply gypsum. In mid-to-late April of the following year, turn the land and fill the fields with water. Cover the paddy with water. After beating the pulp, soak the fields for 2-3 days and then drain until there is no water on the surface. Repeat this process 2-3 times. Then fill the rice field with water to keep the subsurface soil moist. Then apply humic acid, saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer and crushed straw, and let it stand for 2-3 days.

[0063] The amount of gypsum used is 40 cubic meters per hectare of land;

[0064] The soil is tilled to a depth of 25 cm by rotary tillage.

[0065] The dosage of humic acid, saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer and crushed straw is 900 kg / hm 2 , 40kg / hm 2 and 800kg / hm 2 ;

[0066] 2. Planting and management:

[0067] Applying decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the rice field, leaving it to stand for 2-4 days, then flooding the field with water to a depth of 0.8-1.2 cm, mechanically transplanting rice seedlings, and after 2-3 days, flooding the field to a depth of 4-5 cm. Draining the field and sun-drying it for 2 days after every 3 days, applying rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate as topdressing, and applying nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate as tillering fertilizer, then irrigating, weeding and pest control using conventional methods, maintaining a water depth of 4-5 cm during the grain filling stage, stopping irrigation at the end of waxy maturity, draining the field and sun-drying it for 3 days at the beginning of yellowing maturity, and then spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. Harvesting the rice when the yellowing rate reaches 95%-98%, thus completing the method.

[0068] The amount of the decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 3000 kg / hm 2 、80kg / hm 2 , 5kg / hm 2 and 7kg / hm 2 ;

[0069] The mechanical transplanting has the following characteristics: the row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 5 cm, the depth is 2 cm, and 3 to 4 plants are transplanted in each hole; the rice seedling variety used for transplanting is Longdao 202, which is 35 to 40 days old and has 3 to 4 leaves.

[0070] The dosage of the rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate is 2 kg / hm 2 , 2~4kg / hm 2 and 2-3 kg / hm2 .

[0071] The dosage of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate is 2-3 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0072] The dosage of the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 50-80 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0073] After the harvest is completed, in late October to early November, the rice straw and roots are directly broken in the field, and saline-alkali soil repair fertilizer is applied, and then the field is plowed and leveled; the plowing depth is 20 to 25 cm.

[0074] The saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer described in this embodiment was purchased from Guangxi Xinqili Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., and the trade name is Xinqili; the rice-specific bacteria were purchased from Guangzhou Weiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0075] In the actual operation of this embodiment, the pest control is mainly preventive, and tricyclazole and validamycin are sprayed regularly.

[0076] Control group: Longjing 20 was selected; conventional planting and irrigation were applied, and 10 kg of urea was applied during the tillering stage. Pest and disease control: Conventional pesticides were sprayed after the onset of disease.

[0077] After field investigation, the rice in the whole field grew well, uniformly, without disease or lodging, showing strong salt-alkali tolerance and high yield.

[0078] The results, as shown in Table 1, show that Longdao 202 in this embodiment exhibits strong salt tolerance and high yield, with an yield of 567.8 kg per mu, which is a significant increase compared with the yield of Longjing 20; it is greatly improved compared with the yield of Longdao 202 (436.8 kg) grown in existing saline-alkali land; and it is also close to the yield of this variety of rice in normal paddy fields. By adopting the method in this embodiment, the yield and quality of Longdao 202 grown in saline-alkali land are significantly better than those of conventional varieties.

[0079] Table 1

[0080] index Control group (Longjing 20) This embodiment (Longdao 202) Yield per mu (kg) 435 567.8 Thousand-grain weight (g) 25.2 29.2 Number of effective ears (10,000 / mu) 23 28 Rice yield (%) 72 84.5 Protein content (%) 8.0 8.5 Rice blast incidence (%) 15 4 Incidence rate of sheath blight (%) 10 3

[0081] The cost, yield and income of the Long Rice 202 planted in this embodiment were compared with the Long Rice 202 planted in existing saline-alkali land. The results are shown in Table 2. The cost difference between the two is that the planting cost in this embodiment is reduced by 238 yuan per mu; and in this embodiment, no gypsum is required during the planting process in the following year after harvest, which can further reduce the cost. It is expected that the cost will be the same as that of normal paddy field planting in three years; and through technical improvements and policy support, the cost can be gradually reduced and the economic benefits can be improved, providing more possibilities for the promotion of saline-alkali land rice planting.

[0082] Table 2: Cost comparison

[0083] Cost Items This embodiment (yuan / mu) Current saline-alkali land planting (yuan / mu) Difference (yuan / mu) Saline-alkali land management 500 700 -200 Water and fertilizer management 125 135 -10 irrigation 200 200 0 Pest and disease control 3 11 -8 Manual and mechanical 200 220 -20 total 1028 1266 -238

[0084] The yield per mu of this embodiment is 567.8 kg. Based on the rice price of 4 yuan / kg, the income is 567.8×4=2271.2 yuan / mu. The 202 mu of dragon rice planted on existing saline-alkali land produces 436.8 kg. Based on the rice price of 4 yuan / kg, the income is 436.8×4=1747.2 yuan / mu. In this embodiment, the income per mu can be increased by 524 yuan. It can be seen that the method in this embodiment can reduce costs and increase yield and income. The method in this embodiment is simple, provides technical training to farmers, improves the management level of rice planting in saline-alkali land, facilitates the replication of the transformation and planting of similar saline-alkali land, continuously taps into reserve arable land resources, provides more scientific basis for the precise development and sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land, accelerates the pace from experiment to demonstration, from scientific research to field, and achieves a balance between salt tolerance and high yield.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost, characterized in that It includes the following steps:

1. Saline-alkali land management: Select saline-alkali land with water source, pH value of 8.0-10.0, and salt content of 3.5‰-5.7‰ as rice fields. After clearing and leveling the land, improve the water supply and drainage system. In mid-October of the same year, build standard strip fields and evenly apply gypsum. In mid-to-late April of the following year, turn the land and fill the fields with water. Cover the paddy fields with water. After beating the pulp, soak the fields for 2-3 days and then drain until there is no water on the surface. Repeat this process 2-3 times, then fill the rice fields with water to keep the soil moist, then apply humic acid, saline-alkali soil repair fertilizer and crushed straw, and let it stand for 2-3 days.

2. Planting and management: Apply decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the rice field, let it stand for 2 to 4 days, then fill the field with water to a water layer depth of 0.8 to 1.2 cm, transplant rice seedlings mechanically, fill the field with water to a water layer depth of 4 to 5 cm after 2 to 3 days, drain the field and sun-dry for 2 days after every 3 days, apply rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate as topdressing, apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate as tillering fertilizer, then use conventional methods for irrigation, weeding and pest control, keep the water layer depth of 4 to 5 cm during the filling period, stop irrigation at the end of waxy maturity, drain the field and sun-dry for 3 days at the beginning of yellow maturity, then spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and harvest when the yellow maturity rate of rice reaches 95% to 98%, thus completing the method.

2. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of gypsum used in step 1 is 40 cubic meters per hectare of land.

3. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The soil is turned over as described in step 1: rotary tillage is used with a depth of 20 to 30 cm.

4. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The dosage of humic acid, saline-alkali soil remediation fertilizer and crushed straw in step 1 is 500-1000 kg / hm 2 , 20~50kg / hm 2 and 800kg / hm 2 .

5. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of decomposed sheep manure, nitrogen fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in step 2 is 2000-3000 kg / hm 2 , 6~10kg / hm 2 , 5~6kg / hm 2 and 7-8 kg / hm 2 .

6. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The mechanical transplanting described in step 2: the row spacing of transplanting is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 5 cm, the depth is 2 cm, and there are 3 to 4 plants in each hole; the seedling variety used for transplanting is Longdao 202, which has a seedling age of 35 to 40 days and a leaf age of 3 to 4 leaves.

7. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The dosage of rice-specific bacteria, nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate in step 2 is 2 kg / hm 2 , 2~4kg / hm 2 and 2-3 kg / hm 2 .

8. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The dosage of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium sulfate in step 2 is 2-3 kg / hm2. 2 .

9. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that The dosage of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in step 2 is 50-80 kg / hm 2 .

10. The method for growing rice in saline-alkali land with high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, characterized in that After the harvesting in step 2 is completed, in late October to early November, the rice straw together with the root system is directly broken in the field, and saline-alkali soil repair fertilizer is applied, and then plowing and leveling are carried out; the plowing depth is 20 to 25 cm.