Method for interplanting vicia villosa with ecological balance in orchard

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting vicia villosa with ecological balance in an orchard. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting the orchard; (2) orchard cleaning and soil preparation; (3) treatment before sowing: soaking the vicia villosa seeds with warm water of 60 DEG C for 10-12 hours until the seeds are broken and germinated; (4) sowing time and sowing quantity: sowing in spring or autumn, wherein the sowing quantity per mu is 2.6-3.4 kg; (5) planting method: deeply ploughing soil, applying barnyard manure and phosphate fertilizer before sowing, controlling the line spacing of drill sowing to be 30-45 cm, and covering soil and pressing after uniformly sowing; (6) water and fertilizer management: watering and fertilizing after sowing, and dressing plant ash or phosphate fertilizer for 1-2 times in the growing period. The method can increase soil nutrients, improve the soil structure, preserve water and fertilizer, reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve the ecological environment of the orchard, promote the growth of fruit trees, improve the yield and quality of fruits, and enhance the stability and sustainability of the ecological system of the orchard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an orchard interplanting method, in particular to an orchard ecologically balanced interplanting method for glossy-leaf purple vetch. Background Art

[0002] The glossy-leaved purple vetch is an annual or biennial herb with a beautiful shape. It is a plant with wide applicability, high ornamental value and good ecological benefits. It is widely used in agriculture, horticulture and ecological restoration. In addition, the glossy-leaved purple vetch has a high feeding value. Cattle, sheep, pigs and rabbits all like to eat it. It can be used as hay or silage. Harvested in the bud stage, the yield of fresh grass per mu is 2000~3500kg. If harvested in batches, it can avoid yellowing or mildew of the lower leaves due to too thick grass layer, and the grass is tender. According to the analysis of the grassland workstation in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the dry matter of the whole grass in the branching stage contains 30.69% crude protein, 9.7% crude fat, 22.82% crude fiber, 28.05% nitrogen-free extract, 8.74% crude ash, 1.48% calcium and 0.24% phosphorus. Purple vetch is rich in nitrogen. The nitrogen remaining in the soil after 1 hectare of purple vetch is equivalent to about 75 kg of pure nitrogen, which is like applying about 165 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, purple vetch is a good cover crop. Its hard seeds (usually containing 10-15%) can be used as a cover crop in March-June to cover the land. At the same time, purple vetch can be used as a pioneer crop for reclaiming wasteland. It has a good effect of suppressing weeds and improving soil. It can also be used as a green manure in farmland as a precursor to crops such as rice, cotton, and corn. If it is plowed in time, the yield increase effect will be significant.

[0003] Fruit trees have a long growth cycle and slow results. Mixed planting is a good way to use land rationally, which can not only improve land utilization, but also increase income. However, in the process of mixed planting, due to the different maturity periods, resistance and growth habits of fruit tree varieties, unreasonable matching will cause a large number of diseases and insect pests, affecting yields, weakening tree vigor, and even affecting the yield, quality and life of fruit trees, resulting in unnecessary losses in manpower and material resources.

[0004] Intercropping is a method of planting or transplanting crops in the later stages of the previous season. It is a method of planting that makes intensive use of time. Intercropping other crops before fruit trees enter their peak fruit-bearing period can make full use of land space, increase short-term returns, achieve "short-term support for long-term", and reduce market risks. Therefore, the exploration of intercropping in orchards is aimed at improving soil structure, conserving water and fertilizer, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improving the ecological environment of orchards.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention aims to provide a method for interplanting glossy-leaf purple flower vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner, which solves the problems of low land space utilization rate, decreased fruit yield and quality, etc. in single planting of fruit trees. Interplanting glossy-leaf purple flower vetch with fruit trees can increase soil nutrients, improve soil structure, conserve water and fertilizer, reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve the ecological environment of the orchard, promote the growth of fruit trees, increase fruit yield and quality, and enhance the stability and sustainability of the orchard ecosystem.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for interplanting glossy purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner, the method comprising: (1) Select an orchard: Select a newly built or young orchard with a row spacing of 3 to 5 meters; (2) Orchard cleaning and land preparation: Remove strong weeds and shrubs in the orchard, and turn the weeds and shrub branches into the soil 25-30 cm deep for burial; the strong weeds and shrubs refer to weeds and shrubs that affect the growth of fruit trees; (3) Seed treatment before sowing: Soak the seeds of Vetch in warm water at 60 °C for 10 to 12 hours until the seeds are easy to break the skin and germinate; (4) Sowing time and sowing amount: Sowing in spring or autumn, with a sowing amount of 2.6-3.4 kg per mu; (5) Planting method: Deeply plow the soil and apply manure or phosphate fertilizer before sowing; use row sowing with a row spacing of 30-45 cm, and cover the soil and compact after even sowing; (6) Water and fertilizer management: Water and fertilize after sowing, apply wood ash and / or phosphate fertilizer 1 to 2 times during the growing season. If there is a drought, water 1 to 2 times during the branching and flowering periods.

[0008] Preferably, the orchard comprises a peach orchard, a pear orchard or an orange orchard.

[0009] Preferably, the sowing time in spring is from early April to early May, and the sowing time in autumn is from late August to early October.

[0010] Preferably, the sowing time is selected in spring when there is water shortage or autumn drought in mountainous areas.

[0011] Preferably, the sowing amount is adjusted according to soil barrenness and sowing time: when the soil is compacted, the available nitrogen in the soil nutrients is <50 mg / kg, the available phosphorus is <10 mg / kg, the available potassium is <100 mg / kg and the organic matter content is <1.5%, or the sowing time is more than 10 days later than the locally recommended sowing period, the sowing amount is 3.1-3.4 kg / mu; when the soil is loose, the soil nutrients are ≥50 mg / kg, the available phosphorus is ≥10 mg / kg, the available potassium is ≥100 mg / kg and the organic matter content is ≥1.5% and within the locally recommended sowing period, the sowing amount is greater than or equal to 2.6 kg / mu and less than 3.1 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the manure is obtained by composting the manure harmlessly and fermenting it at a high temperature greater than 80 ºC.

[0013] Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, including any one or more of superphosphate, diammonium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0014] Preferably, in the planting method, the application amount of manure is 300 kg / mu, and the application amount of phosphate fertilizer is 3.5 kg / mu.

[0015] Preferably, in the water and fertilizer management, the application amount of wood ash and / or phosphate fertilizer is 3.5 kg / mu.

[0016] The method for interplanting glossy-leaved purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner solves the problems of low land space utilization, reduced fruit yield and quality, etc. in single fruit tree planting, and has the following advantages: (1) The present invention intercrops Vetch with fruit trees, and utilizes Vetch to absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and release organic matter through the root system to provide nutrients for the fruit trees. Moreover, the root growth and residue decomposition of Vetch can increase the soil organic matter content and nitrogen source, improve soil structure, increase the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and can also effectively fix the soil, reduce soil erosion, and protect the soil resources of the orchard. In addition, Vetch grows luxuriantly, forming a dense green cover between the fruit trees, effectively inhibiting the growth of weeds and reducing competition for the fruit trees. Therefore, intercropping Vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner can increase soil nutrients, improve soil structure, retain water and fertilizer, reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve the orchard's ecological environment, promote the growth of fruit trees, increase fruit yield and quality, and enhance the stability and sustainability of the orchard's ecosystem;

[0017] (2) The present invention aims to solve the bottleneck problem that the fruit market has a large demand, the growth environment requirements are high, and the excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to a decline in fruit quality, thus making the industry unsustainable. The present invention selects an excellent green manure plant, namely, purple-flowered glossy-leaved vetch, and provides a method for interplanting purple-flowered glossy-leaved vetch in an orchard with ecological balance. The method has strong operability, significant effect, and low cost. (3) The method of the present invention can achieve the purpose of high yield and high quality of fruits, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion, improve the ecological environment, and provide a scientific basis for the high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency and sustainable production and development of fruits in mountainous areas; (4) The method of the present invention is simple and practical, has strong operability and significant effect. It is an environmentally friendly and ecological resource utilization technology, suitable for planting in orchards, especially in mountainous areas. It has obvious economic, social and ecological benefits and has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that: if the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out under conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the instruments is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. If the manufacturer of the raw materials and reagents is not specified, they are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.

[0020] In the present invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as values, quantities, contents and concentrations, are only for brevity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be deemed to have included and specifically disclosed all possible secondary ranges and individual values ​​within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0021] The features mentioned in the present invention can be combined arbitrarily, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these features, all possible combinations should be considered as the scope of this specification. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that can provide the same, equal or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are only general examples of equal or similar features.

[0022] Example 1 A method for interplanting glossy-leafed purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner, the method comprising the following steps: A. Site selection: A new peach orchard was selected in Longquan Mountain, Chengdu. The variety was Golden Peach No. 1, and the row spacing of fruit trees was 5 m. B. Orchard cleaning and land preparation: remove strong weeds and bushes in the orchard, plow 25 cm deep, and bury weeds and twigs; C. Treatment before sowing: Soak the seeds of Vetch in 60°C warm water for 10 hours until they break the skin and sprout; D. Sowing time and sowing amount: Sowing in early April, within the local recommended sowing period, the soil is loose, and the soil nutrients are ≥50mg / kg, the available phosphorus is ≥10mg / kg, the available potassium is ≥100 mg / kg, the organic matter content is ≥1.5%, and the sowing amount per mu is 3 kg; F. Planting method: Deeply plow the soil, apply 300kg / mu of manure and 3.5kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate before sowing, sow in rows with a row spacing of 35 cm, and cover the soil and compact after sowing evenly; G. Water and fertilizer management: Water appropriately after sowing, and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate once during the growing period, with a dosage of 3.5 kg / mu.

[0023] Comparative Example 1 Film mulching was adopted for planting, and the row spacing of fruit trees and water and fertilizer management were the same as those in Example 1.

[0024] Comparing the method of Example 1 of the present invention with the film-covered planting method of Comparative Example 1, the results show that after the present invention interplants the light-leaved purple flower vetch in the ecological balance of the peach garden, the soil bulk density is reduced and the soil structure is improved (see Table 1). The quality of peaches was tested by the Agricultural Chemical Testing Center of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. See Table 1. The total sugar, vitamin C and titratable acid content are all higher than those of peaches planted with local film covering. It can be seen from Table 1 that the average single fruit weight of peaches planted in Example 1 of the present invention is 147.9 g, and the per mu yield is 1981.86 kg, which is higher than the single fruit weight (143.6 g) and per mu yield (1924.24 kg) of peaches planted with local film covering.

[0025] Table 1 Comparison of yields between film-covered planting and this method

[0026] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for interplanting glossy purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner, characterized in that: The method includes: (1) Select an orchard: Select a newly built or young orchard with a row spacing of 3 to 5 meters; (2) Orchard cleaning and land preparation: Remove strong weeds and shrubs in the orchard, and turn the weeds and shrub branches into the soil 25-30 cm deep for burial; the strong weeds and shrubs refer to weeds and shrubs that affect the growth of fruit trees; (3) Seed treatment before sowing: Soak the seeds of Vetch in warm water at 60 °C for 10 to 12 hours until the seeds are easy to break the skin and germinate; (4) Sowing time and sowing amount: Sowing in spring or autumn, with a sowing amount of 2.6-3.4 kg per mu; (5) Planting method: Deeply plow the soil and apply manure and / or phosphate fertilizer before sowing; use row sowing with a row spacing of 30-45 cm, and cover the soil and compact after sowing evenly; (6) Water and fertilizer management: Water and fertilize after sowing, apply wood ash or phosphate fertilizer 1 to 2 times during the growing season. If there is a drought, water 1 to 2 times during the branching and flowering periods.

2. The method for interplanting glossy purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orchard includes a peach orchard, a pear orchard or an orange orchard.

3. The method for interplanting glossy purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing time in spring is from early April to early May, and the sowing time in autumn is from late August to early October.

4. The method for interplanting glossy purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sowing time is selected in spring when there is water shortage or autumn drought in mountainous areas.

5. The method for interplanting glossy purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing amount is adjusted according to soil barrenness and sowing time: When the soil is compacted, the available nitrogen content in the soil is <50 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content is <10 mg / kg, the available potassium content is <100 mg / kg, and the organic matter content is <1.5%, or the sowing time is more than 10 days later than the locally recommended sowing period, the sowing rate is 3.1~3.4 kg / mu; when the soil is loose, the soil nutrients are ≥50 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content is ≥10 mg / kg, the available potassium content is ≥100 mg / kg, and the organic matter content is ≥1.5% and within the locally recommended sowing period, the sowing rate is greater than or equal to 2.6 kg / mu and less than 3.1 kg / mu.

6. The method for interplanting glossy purple vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manure is obtained by composting the manure harmlessly and fermenting it at a high temperature of more than 80 ºC.

7. The method for interplanting Vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: Phosphate fertilizer is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, including any one or more of superphosphate, diammonium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

8. The method for interplanting Vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the planting method, the application amount of manure is 300 kg / mu, and the application amount of phosphate fertilizer is 3.5 kg / mu.

9. The method for interplanting Vetch in an orchard in an ecologically balanced manner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: In the water and fertilizer management, the application amount of wood ash and / or phosphate fertilizer is 3.5 kg / mu.

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