Underground soilless culture method for protected tomatoes

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground soilless culture method for protected tomatoes, and relates to the field of soilless culture methods, and the underground soilless culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, digging trapezoidal grooves in a sunlight greenhouse in the north-south direction, the lower width of each groove is 80 cm, the upper width of each groove is 1 m, the depth of each groove is 30 cm, and the distance between every two adjacent grooves is 1 m; s2, a non-woven fabric isolation layer is laid in the groove, and then the groove is filled with a culture medium to the position 5 cm away from the ground; s3, light-reflecting ground cloth with planting holes is laid on the surface of the substrate layer, the width of the light-reflecting ground cloth is 3 m, and the planting holes with the diameter of 15 cm are formed in the 1.5 m area in the middle of the light-reflecting ground cloth at equal intervals of 23 cm. The method has the advantages that the trapezoid grooves (with the lower width of 80 cm and the upper width of 1 m) are combined with reserved pedestrian paths (with the gaps of 1 m), operation convenience is guaranteed, land waste is avoided, the matrix layer is covered with the non-woven fabric, salt is effectively prevented from moving upwards and soil hardening is effectively prevented, the soil temperature is kept stable, and therefore the secondary salinization problem of greenhouse soil is relieved, and the yield of greenhouse soil is increased. The yield and quality of tomatoes are greatly improved through light energy and resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soilless cultivation methods, and more particularly to an underground soilless cultivation method for facility tomatoes. Background Art

[0002] Soilless cultivation is a cultivation technology that aims to improve the safety of agricultural products. Soilless cultivation is a modern agricultural technology that does not rely on traditional soil. It provides plants with the water, nutrients and oxygen they need for growth through hydroponics, aeroponics or substrate cultivation. This technology uses nutrient solution or artificial substrate to replace soil, which can accurately control the growth environment of plants, improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce pests and diseases, and achieve the goal of high yield and high quality.

[0003] Compared with terrestrial cultivation, facility soil is in a relatively closed space. Affected by environmental conditions and agronomic activities such as high temperature, humidity, evaporation, high fertilizer and water input, and high multiple cropping index, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of facility soil evolve dramatically in complex and diverse ways, often leading to soil secondary salinization, nutrient imbalance, accumulation of harmful elements, deterioration of microbial community flora, and other soil quality problems. In addition, because the soil environment cannot be regulated, facility vegetable soil cultivation has low yield and poor quality, which is increasingly unable to meet people's requirements for high-quality agricultural products.

[0004] At present, in the existing relevant technical solutions, traditional facility soilless cultivation or nutrient solution cultivation requires high-cost special facility cultivation equipment, and the agronomic management technology is relatively complex, and the greenhouse environment control requirements are high. It is suitable for multi-span greenhouses or glass greenhouses with hardened ground, but not suitable for cultivated soil-utilizing solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses. As a result, due to the excessive pursuit of yield in traditional tomato planting and cultivation, the abuse of pesticides, fertilizers, ripening agents and other drugs has led to the inability to reliably guarantee the quality and nutrition of tomatoes, and the inability to meet people's requirements for tomatoes. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for underground soilless cultivation of facility tomatoes.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution, the steps are as follows:

[0007] S1. Dig trapezoidal trenches in the north-south direction in the greenhouse. The trenches are 80cm wide at the bottom, 1m wide at the top, and 30cm deep. The distance between adjacent trenches is 1m.

[0008] S2. Lay a non-woven fabric isolation layer in the trench and fill it with the cultivation substrate to 5 cm above the ground;

[0009] S3. A reflective floor cloth with planting holes is laid on the surface of the substrate layer. The reflective floor cloth is 3m wide, and planting holes with a diameter of 15cm are arranged at an equal interval of 23cm in the middle 1.5m area.

[0010] Preferably, the cultivation matrix is ​​prepared with peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, and the filling amount of each groove is controlled at 1500-1750L.

[0011] Preferably, the reflective floor cloth is made of PET aluminized material with a reflectivity of ≥85%, a water permeability of ≤5%, and a tensile strength of ≥80N / 5cm.

[0012] Preferably, the planting holes are arranged in two rows in a staggered manner, with a spacing of 40 cm between adjacent rows and a center distance of 23 cm between adjacent holes in the same row.

[0013] Preferably, a ceramsite drainage layer with a diameter of 2 cm and a thickness of 5 cm is laid at the bottom of the groove before the substrate is filled, and a 200-mesh insect-proof net is set between the drainage layer and the substrate layer.

[0014] Preferably, an integrated water-fertilizer system is used after planting, the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled at 1.8-2.2mS / cm, the pH value is maintained at 6.0-6.5, and the daily irrigation frequency is adjusted between 2-5 times according to the growth stage.

[0015] Preferably, drip irrigation belts are arranged on both sides of the reflective ground cloth, with a dripper spacing of 30 cm, a dripper flow of 2 L / h, and a horizontal distance of 10 cm from the center of the planting hole.

[0016] Preferably, CO is implemented during the cultivation process 2 Supplementation of gas fertilizer, maintaining CO in the greenhouse on sunny mornings 2 Concentration 800-1000ppm, lasting 3-4 hours.

[0017] Preferably, during the fruit expansion period, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled, with the daytime temperature at 28-30°C / nighttime at 16-18°C, and the relative humidity controlled at 60-70%.

[0018] Preferably, 0.2% potassium sulfate is added to the nutrient solution 15 days before harvesting for quality improvement.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. By setting up trapezoidal grooves (80cm wide at the bottom and 1m wide at the top) combined with pedestrian passages (1m gap), it not only ensures the convenience of operation but also avoids land waste. The substrate layer is covered with non-woven fabric, which effectively prevents salt migration and soil compaction, maintains soil temperature stability, and thus alleviates the problem of secondary salinization of the facility soil. The utilization of light energy and resources greatly improves the yield and quality of tomatoes.

[0021] 2. This technology is suitable for traditional farming soil scenarios such as solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses. It does not need to rely on high-cost multi-span greenhouse facilities, which lowers the promotion threshold. Through single-row two-division planting (seedling spacing of 23cm), it optimizes the group structure and reduces the risk of continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the steps of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Reference Figure 1 The present invention further describes an underground soilless cultivation method for tomatoes in a facility.

[0024] A method for underground soilless cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Dig trapezoidal trenches in the north-south direction in the greenhouse. The trenches are 80cm wide at the bottom, 1m wide at the top, and 30cm deep. The distance between adjacent trenches is 1m.

[0026] S2. Lay a non-woven fabric isolation layer in the trench and fill it with the cultivation substrate to 5 cm above the ground;

[0027] S3. A reflective floor covering with planting holes is laid on the surface of the substrate layer. The reflective floor covering is 3m wide, and planting holes with a diameter of 15cm are set at equidistant intervals of 23cm in the middle 1.5m area;

[0028] Through the precise design of the trapezoidal groove structure (80cm lower width / 1m upper width / 30cm depth) and the 1m clearance between the two grooves, the following dual benefits are achieved:

[0029] Improved land utilization: The trapezoidal cross-section expands the substrate capacity (single trench filling volume reaches 1500-1750L), while avoiding the corner waste of traditional rectangular trenches, and the effective planting area is increased by 25% under the same area;

[0030] Enhanced management convenience: The 1m wide channel meets the needs of personnel passage and agricultural operations. Combined with the single-row double-division planting mode (seedling spacing of 23cm), it reduces the shading rate between plants and improves daily management efficiency by more than 30%.

[0031] Use a special trenching machine to dig a trapezoidal trench with a bottom width of 80cm / upper width of 1m / depth of 30cm, a trench spacing of 1m, and a trench bottom slope of 2‰. After the trench wall is compacted, spray it with 5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection;

[0032] First, lay a 5cm ceramsite drainage layer at the bottom of the ditch, cover it with a 200-mesh insect-proof net, and then lay 120g / m 2 Non-woven fabric, the edge extends to 10cm from the ground and is fixed;

[0033] The initial matrix EC value after each groove filling was 1.2-1.5 mS / cm, pH 6.2-6.8.

[0034] The cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, and the filling amount of each groove is controlled at 1500-1750L;

[0035] The premixed substrate (peat: vermiculite: perlite = 5:3:2, EC value 0.8 mS / cm) was filled in layers and compacted every 20 cm. The final substrate layer thickness was 25 cm, and 32 bags of substrate were consumed per trench (50 L / bag).

[0036] The reflective floor cloth is made of PET aluminum-plated material, with a reflectivity of ≥85%, a water permeability of ≤5%, and a tensile strength of ≥80N / 5cm;

[0037] The synergy of the reflective ground cloth (width 3m / hole diameter 15cm / hole spacing 23cm) and the non-woven isolation layer is as follows:

[0038] Improved photosynthetic efficiency: The light reflected by the reflective cloth increases the light intensity of the lower leaves of the plant by 40%, promoting photosynthesis of the whole plant. Experimental data show that the accumulation of sugar in the fruit increases by 1.5%-2%;

[0039] Optimized resource utilization: non-woven fabrics block substrate loss (fertilizer retention rate > 90%), reflective fabrics reduce evaporation (saving 35% water), and precise hole design ensures that water and fertilizer reach the root system directly, increasing nitrogen fertilizer utilization from the traditional 45% to 68%;

[0040] A laser locator was used to mark the planting sites at 23 cm intervals in the middle 1.5 m area, and a 15 cm diameter circular hole was made using thermal cutting technology;

[0041] The 3m wide reflective floor cloth is made of PET aluminized material, with a reflectivity of ≥85% (wavelength 400-700nm), water permeability ≤5% (GB / T 13759 standard test), tensile strength ≥80N / 5cm (longitudinal / lateral), and weather resistance ≥5 years (QUV accelerated aging test).

[0042] The planting holes are arranged in two rows in a staggered manner, with a spacing of 40 cm between adjacent rows and a center distance of 23 cm between adjacent holes in the same row;

[0043] The purpose of setting specific parameters for staggered planting of two rows is to meet the needs of crown expansion of tomato plants. The planting hole layout satisfies the following formula:

[0044] Planting density = furrow length plant spacing × number of rows = 900cm23cm×2≈78 plants / furrow Planting density = furrow length plant spacing × number of rows = 23cm900cm×2≈78 plants / furrow;

[0045] Select 5-leaf 1-heart strong seedlings (plant height 18-20cm), staggered planting in two rows, 78 plants per furrow. Keep the substrate moisture content at 80% within 3 days after planting, and implement dynamic water and fertilizer management after the seedlings have grown.

[0046] Before filling the substrate, lay a 2cm diameter ceramsite drainage layer at the bottom of the trench with a thickness of 5cm, and set a 200-mesh insect-proof net between the drainage layer and the substrate layer;

[0047] The bulk density of the ceramsite drainage layer is 0.8-1.0g / cm 3 between;

[0048] The insect-proof net is made of PE material with a breaking strength of ≥300N, and the edge of the insect-proof net extends to the top of the groove side wall and is fixed.

[0049] After planting, a water-fertilizer integrated system is used, the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled at 1.8-2.2mS / cm, the pH value is maintained at 6.0-6.5, and the daily irrigation frequency is adjusted between 2-5 times according to the growth stage;

[0050] The EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled at 1.8-2.0mS / cm during the seedling period and 2.0-2.2mS / cm during the fruiting period;

[0051] The single irrigation volume is 50-150 ml / plant, and the irrigation time interval is automatically triggered by a substrate moisture content sensor (the threshold value is set at 15%-18%).

[0052] Drip irrigation belts are set on both sides of the reflective ground cloth, with a dripper spacing of 30cm, a dripper flow rate of 2L / h, and a horizontal distance of 10cm from the center of the planting hole;

[0053] The drip irrigation belt is of inner-inserted type, and its working pressure is between 0.1-0.2MPa;

[0054] The dripper spacing is 30cm, the dripper flow rate error per hour is ±5%, and the drip irrigation tape is buried 2cm deep to prevent light and heat aging.

[0055] Implementing CO during cultivation 2 Supplementation of gas fertilizer, maintaining CO in the greenhouse on sunny mornings 2 Concentration 800-1000ppm, lasting 3-4 hours;

[0056] CO in the shed 2 The concentration is controlled by infrared sensors in a closed loop, while liquefied CO 2 Gas is supplied by cylinders, the discharge port is 1.5m above the ground, and the flow rate is 0.5-1.0m 3 / h·mu.

[0057] During the fruit expansion period, the temperature difference between day and night is regulated, with the daytime temperature at 28-30℃ / nighttime at 16-18℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 60-70%;

[0058] Dynamic balance of temperature and humidity is achieved through a circulating fan (wind speed 0.3-0.5m / s) and a wet curtain-fan system.

[0059] 15 days before harvest, add 0.2% potassium sulfate to the nutrient solution to improve quality;

[0060] The daytime temperature is maintained at 28℃ / nighttime temperature at the flowering stage, and the temperature is increased to 30℃ / 18℃ at the fruit setting stage. 2 The generator replenishes to 900ppm from 9:00 to 12:00; the light intensity under the plant is increased by 30% through the reflective ground cloth;

[0061] Simultaneously reducing the nitrogen fertilizer supply by 30%, the soluble solid content of the fruit increased by 0.8%-1.2% and the vitamin C content increased by 15%-20%;

[0062] Through the innovative combination of north-south trapezoidal trench construction (80cm width at the bottom / 1m width at the top / 30cm depth), collaborative laying of non-woven isolation layer and reflective floor cloth, quantitative filling of matrix (30-35 bags of 50L / ditch) and precise planting hole design (15cm diameter / 23cm spacing), the problems of soil quality deterioration, continuous cropping obstacles and high costs in traditional facility cultivation have been solved. The reflective floor cloth enhances photosynthetic efficiency by more than 20% through light reflection, and combines the water-retention characteristics of the matrix to increase water and fertilizer utilization by 35%. This solution is suitable for solar greenhouse scenarios, with the technical effects of reducing construction costs by 40%, increasing land utilization by 25%, and increasing the soluble solids content of fruits to more than 8.2%.

[0063] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for underground soilless cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Dig trapezoidal trenches in the north-south direction in the greenhouse. The trenches are 80cm wide at the bottom, 1m wide at the top, and 30cm deep. The distance between adjacent trenches is 1m. S2. Lay a non-woven fabric isolation layer in the trench and fill it with the cultivation substrate to 5 cm above the ground; S3. A reflective floor cloth with planting holes is laid on the surface of the substrate layer. The reflective floor cloth is 3m wide, and planting holes with a diameter of 15cm are arranged at an equal interval of 23cm in the middle 1.5m area.

2. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:3:2, and the filling amount of each groove is controlled at 1500-1750L.

3. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reflective floor cloth is made of PET aluminum-plated material, with a reflectivity of ≥85%, a water permeability of ≤5%, and a tensile strength of ≥80N / 5cm.

4. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The planting holes are arranged in two rows in a staggered manner, with a spacing of 40 cm between adjacent rows and a center distance of 23 cm between adjacent holes in the same row.

5. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before filling the substrate, a 2cm diameter expanded clay drainage layer with a thickness of 5cm is laid at the bottom of the trench, and a 200-mesh insect-proof net is set between the drainage layer and the substrate layer.

6. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 5, characterized in that: After planting, an integrated water-fertilizer system is used, the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled at 1.8-2.2mS / cm, the pH value is maintained at 6.0-6.5, and the daily irrigation frequency is adjusted between 2-5 times according to the growth stage.

7. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 6, characterized in that: Drip irrigation belts are set on both sides of the reflective ground cloth, with a dripper spacing of 30cm, a dripper flow rate of 2L / h, and a horizontal distance of 10cm from the center of the planting hole.

8. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the cultivation process, CO2 gas fertilizer is supplemented, and the CO2 concentration in the greenhouse is maintained at 800-1000ppm on sunny mornings for 3-4 hours.

9. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the fruit expansion period, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled, with the daytime temperature at 28-30℃ / nighttime at 16-18℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 60-70%.

10. The underground soilless cultivation method of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 9, characterized in that: 0.2% potassium sulfate was added to the nutrient solution 15 days before harvest to improve quality.

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