Daily ration for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens as well as preparation method and application of daily ration

Abstract

The invention provides a daily ration for improving the production performance and egg quality of old laying hens and a preparation method and application of the daily ration. According to the laying hen feed disclosed by the invention, various traditional Chinese medicine residues (such as pseudo-ginseng, angelica sinensis, ligusticum wallichii, radix achyranthis bidentatae and the like) and basic daily ration (such as corn, soybean meal, calcium hydrophosphate, vegetable oil and premix) are reasonably proportioned, so that the growth performance, egg quality and health condition of old laying hens are remarkably improved. Specifically, the feed can improve the laying rate, the eggshell strength and the yolk color of the laying hens, also can enhance the oxidation resistance and the immunity of the laying hens, and reduces the incidence of diseases. Meanwhile, by replacing or reducing the use of antibiotics, the risk of drug residues in laying hen breeding is reduced, and greenization and sustainable development of laying hen breeding are promoted. The invention not only provides a new way for efficiently utilizing the traditional Chinese medicine residues, but also provides technical support for improving the quality and efficiency of the laying hen breeding industry, maintains the health state of laying hens, prolongs the production cycle of the laying hens, reduces the breeding cost, and has wide market prospect and social value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, and in particular to a diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the scale of laying hen farming has continued to expand, and the demand for feed has increased. Modern laying hens, as high-yield and high-intensity farmed animals, gradually enter the late laying period after experiencing the peak period of high-intensity metabolism. At this stage, laying hens face many thorny problems, the most prominent of which is the significant decline in production performance and egg quality. The root cause is that the relatively weak intestinal function is one of the key factors. At the same time, after experiencing the high-intensity metabolic load during the peak period of laying, laying hens are very likely to have metabolic disorders in the late laying period, which in turn causes excessive accumulation of liver fat. This phenomenon not only seriously affects the normal physiological function of the liver, but also has an extremely adverse effect on the overall health and production performance of laying hens. Given that the late laying period accounts for a high proportion of the entire production cycle of laying hens, how to effectively improve the production performance of laying hens at this stage is of vital economic significance to the laying hen farming industry. Therefore, the development of a new, safe, efficient, and antibiotic-free feed additive has become a core research direction in the field of laying hen farming.

[0003] Traditional Chinese medicine residue is the solid waste left after the effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine are extracted, and it is usually regarded as industrial waste. However, studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine residue still contains rich active ingredients such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, etc. These ingredients have significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and growth-promoting biological activities. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine residue also contains a certain amount of protein, cellulose and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is a potential high-quality feed resource. The resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residue and its development as a feed additive for laying hens can not only effectively reduce the pollution of traditional Chinese medicine residue waste to the environment, but also provide laying hens with natural functional nutrients, reduce feed costs, and improve the production performance and health level of laying hens. This resource utilization model has important economic value and ecological significance, and is in line with the concept of green agriculture and sustainable development.

[0004] At present, some studies have attempted to apply Chinese medicine residues to livestock and poultry feed, but these studies mostly focus on a single Chinese medicine residue or a simple mixture, lacking systematicity and scientificity. For example, some studies only explore the function of a certain type of Chinese medicine residue (such as astragalus residue or angelica residue), without comprehensively considering the synergistic effects of multiple Chinese medicine residues. In addition, the treatment methods for Chinese medicine residues in the prior art are relatively simple, usually only drying and crushing, which fails to fully release and utilize its active ingredients, resulting in low bioavailability.

[0005] Therefore, developing a feed additive for aged laying hens based on a composite of multiple Chinese medicinal residues, which can give full play to the multifunctionality of Chinese medicinal residues through scientific proportioning and optimized process, has important innovative significance and application prospects. This composite can not only make up for the limitations of the function of a single Chinese medicinal residue, but also comprehensively improve the production performance and health of laying hens through the synergistic effect of multiple active ingredients. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention provides a diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, and a preparation method and application thereof, aiming to effectively solve the problems of decreased production performance, reduced immunity, high culling rate, etc. of aged laying hens.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide a diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of old laying hens, and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention significantly improves the growth performance, egg quality and health status of old laying hens by rationally proportioning a variety of Chinese medicine residues (such as Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Achyranthes bidentata, etc.) and basic nutrients (such as corn, soybean meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.). Specifically: the present invention can not only improve the egg production rate, eggshell strength and yolk color of laying hens, but also enhance the antioxidant capacity and immunity of laying hens, and reduce the incidence of diseases. At the same time, the present invention reduces the risk of drug residues in laying hen farming by replacing or reducing the use of antibiotics, and promotes the greening and sustainable development of laying hen farming. It not only provides a new way for the efficient utilization of Chinese medicine residues, but also provides technical support for improving the quality and efficiency of laying hen farming, maintains the healthy state of laying hens, prolongs their production cycle, and reduces breeding costs, and has broad market prospects and social value.

[0008] The embodiment of the present invention provides a diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0009] 50-58 parts of corn, 30-34 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-3 parts of vegetable oil, 3-5 parts of premix, and 20-80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue compound;

[0010] The active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine residue complex include Panax notoginseng, Chuanxiong, saffron, angelica, Achyranthes bidentata, Dipsacus asper, Astragalus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, Rhubarb, Pheretima and Angelica dahurica.

[0011] Preferably, the vegetable oil is at least one of soybean oil, rapeseed oil and corn oil.

[0012] Preferably, the premix comprises at least one of complex vitamins, amino acids, minerals, probiotics and digestive enzymes.

[0013] Preferably, the vitamin complex includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid and D-pantothenic acid.

[0014] Preferably, the minerals include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine.

[0015] Preferably, the Chinese medicine residue complex is prepared by drying, crushing, sieving and evenly mixing 50-100 parts of Panax notoginseng, 50-100 parts of Chuanxiong, 10-20 parts of saffron, 50-100 parts of Angelica sinensis, 50-100 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 50-100 parts of Dipsacus asper, 50-100 parts of Astragalus, 50-100 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 30-60 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 30-60 parts of Rhubarb, 30-60 parts of Pheretima and 30-60 parts of Angelica dahurica.

[0016] Preferably, the drying process requires: the moisture content is lower than 8% to 10%; and the particle size after crushing reaches 60 to 80 meshes.

[0017] Based on an overall concept of the invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, by uniformly mixing 50 to 58 parts of corn, 30 to 34 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 to 3 parts of vegetable oil, 8 to 10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 to 5 parts of premix and 20 to 80 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine residue complex to prepare the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens.

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention also provide the above-mentioned diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens or the use of the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in breeding.

[0019] Preferably, the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens can improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestion and absorption capacity, blood physiological and biochemical status, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of aged laying hens.

[0020] Preferably, the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens can enhance the antioxidant capacity of aged laying hens, reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum, and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).

[0021] Preferably, the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens can regulate the balance of intestinal flora of aged laying hens, increase the number of lactic acid bacteria, reduce the number of Escherichia coli, and improve intestinal health.

[0022] Mechanism description

[0023] The present invention improves the growth performance, egg quality, blood physiological and biochemical conditions, body antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of old laying hens through the active ingredients (such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc.) in the traditional Chinese medicine residue complex, promotes intestinal digestion and absorption, and maintains intestinal health. Specifically manifested as follows: saponins and flavonoid compounds in ingredients such as Panax notoginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and Crocus can dilate blood vessels, reduce blood viscosity, improve the microcirculation of old laying hens, promote nutrient transport and metabolic waste discharge, thereby improving egg production rate and feed conversion rate. Polysaccharides and phenolic compounds in ingredients such as Angelica sinensis, Achyranthes bidentata, and Dipsacus asper can remove free radicals, improve antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce oxidative stress damage to the body of old laying hens, significantly improve total protein, albumin, globulin content in serum of old laying hens, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, reduce malondialdehyde content, improve blood physiological and biochemical conditions and body antioxidant capacity, delay aging, and extend the production cycle. Polysaccharides and saponin compounds in ingredients such as astragalus, codonopsis, and atractylodes can significantly increase the immunoglobulin content and lymphocyte transformation rate in the serum of old laying hens, improve the activity of immune cells and stimulate the development of immune organs, enhance the immunity and disease resistance of old laying hens, reduce the incidence of diseases, and reduce the use of antibiotics. Anthraquinones and volatile oil compounds in ingredients such as rhubarb, earthworms, and angelica can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, maintain the balance of intestinal flora, increase the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestines of old laying hens, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, maintain the balance of intestinal flora, improve intestinal health, and increase feed utilization, thereby improving egg quality.

[0024] The above scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) Raw materials are safe and environmentally friendly: The Chinese medicinal materials used in the present invention are all natural raw materials, which are widely available and safe and reliable. After reasonable processing and compatibility, they can exert their efficacy without any side effects and will not cause adverse effects on the health of aging laying hens. At the same time, the entire production process and the products are pollution-free to the environment after use, which is in line with the concept of green breeding and sustainable development. In addition, the process of purchasing Chinese medicinal materials selects regular planting bases or suppliers that meet the GAP (Good Manufacturing Practice for Chinese Medicinal Materials) standards to ensure the safety and quality controllability of the raw materials.

[0026] (2) Significant comprehensive benefits: The present invention has the effects of improving the growth performance of aged laying hens, improving egg quality, enhancing immunity and disease resistance, etc. The present invention can also effectively extend the production cycle of aged laying hens, reduce breeding costs, improve breeding benefits, and bring significant economic and social benefits to the laying hen breeding industry. In addition, breeding companies can give full play to the advantages of the products of the present invention and maximize economic and social benefits by establishing standardized feed additive use procedures and breeding management models. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 Graph showing the effect of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues on the intestinal tissue morphology of laying hens in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 1 A is the effect of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues on the height of intestinal villi of laying hens; Figure 1 B is the effect of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues on the depth of intestinal crypts in laying hens; Figure 1 C is the effect of adding different levels of Chinese medicine residue on the intestinal vegetative ratio of laying hens; 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% represent 0, 20, 40, and 80 parts of the Chinese medicine residue complex, respectively;

[0029] Figure 2 Graphs showing the effects of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues on the intestinal morphology of laying hens in the embodiments of the present invention; Figures S0, S2, S4, and S8 show the duodenum of the group adding 0, 20, 40, and 80 parts of Chinese medicinal residues; Figures K0, K2, K4, and K8 show the jejunum of the group adding 0, 20, 40, and 80 parts of Chinese medicinal residues; Figures H0, H2, H4, and H8 show the ileum of the group adding 0, 20, 40, and 80 parts of Chinese medicinal residues;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a diagram of the intestinal microbial phylum of laying hens with different levels of Chinese medicinal residue added in the embodiment of the present invention; 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% represent 0 parts, 20 parts, 40 parts, and 80 parts of the Chinese medicinal residue complex, respectively;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a graph of the genus level of intestinal microorganisms of laying hens added with different levels of Chinese medicinal residues according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A is the dominant bacterial flora at the genus level in the intestinal microorganisms of laying hens supplemented with different levels of Chinese medicinal residues; Figure 4 B is the relative abundance of Ruminococcus intestinal microorganisms with different levels of Chinese medicine residues added; 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% represent 0, 20, 40, and 80 parts of Chinese medicine residue composites, respectively;

[0032] Figure 5 The level diagram of intestinal microbial species of laying hens with different levels of traditional Chinese medicine residue added in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A is the dominant bacteria map of intestinal microbial species of laying hens supplemented with different levels of Chinese medicinal residues; Figure 5 B is the relative abundance diagram of Desulfovibrio D168; Figure 5C is the relative abundance diagram of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Figure 5 D is the relative abundance diagram of Lactobacillus salivarius; 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% represent 0, 20, 40, and 80 parts of the traditional Chinese medicine residue complex, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0035] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0036] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0037] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0038] In view of the problems of decreased production performance, reduced immunity, high elimination rate, etc. of existing aged laying hens, an embodiment of the present invention provides a diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, which comprises the following components by weight:

[0039] 50-58 parts of corn, 30-34 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-3 parts of vegetable oil, 3-5 parts of premix, and 20-80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue compound;

[0040] The active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine residue complex include Panax notoginseng, Chuanxiong, saffron, angelica, Achyranthes bidentata, Dipsacus asper, Astragalus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, Rhubarb, Pheretima and Angelica dahurica.

[0041] Preferably, the vegetable oil is at least one of soybean oil, rapeseed oil and corn oil.

[0042] Preferably, the premix comprises at least one of complex vitamins, amino acids, minerals, probiotics and digestive enzymes.

[0043] Preferably, the vitamin complex includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid and D-pantothenic acid.

[0044] Preferably, the minerals include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine.

[0045] Preferably, the Chinese medicine residue complex is prepared by drying, crushing, sieving and evenly mixing 50-100 parts of Panax notoginseng, 50-100 parts of Chuanxiong, 10-20 parts of saffron, 50-100 parts of Angelica sinensis, 50-100 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 50-100 parts of Dipsacus asper, 50-100 parts of Astragalus, 50-100 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 30-60 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 30-60 parts of Rhubarb, 30-60 parts of Pheretima and 30-60 parts of Angelica dahurica.

[0046] Preferably, the drying process requires: the moisture content is lower than 8% to 10%; and the particle size after crushing reaches 60 to 80 meshes.

[0047] Based on an overall concept of the invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, by uniformly mixing 50 to 58 parts of corn, 30 to 34 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 to 3 parts of vegetable oil, 8 to 10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 to 5 parts of premix and 20 to 80 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine residue complex to prepare the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens.

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention also provide the above-mentioned diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens or the use of the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in breeding.

[0049] Preferably, the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens can improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestion and absorption capacity, blood physiological and biochemical status, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of aged laying hens.

[0050] Preferably, the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens can enhance the antioxidant capacity of aged laying hens, reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum, and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).

[0051] Preferably, the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens can regulate the balance of intestinal flora of aged laying hens, increase the number of lactic acid bacteria, reduce the number of Escherichia coli, and improve intestinal health.

[0052] Mechanism description

[0053] The present invention improves the growth performance, egg quality, blood physiological and biochemical conditions, body antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of old laying hens through the active ingredients (such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc.) in the traditional Chinese medicine residue complex, promotes intestinal digestion and absorption, and maintains intestinal health. Specifically manifested as follows: saponins and flavonoid compounds in ingredients such as Panax notoginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and Crocus can dilate blood vessels, reduce blood viscosity, improve the microcirculation of old laying hens, promote nutrient transport and metabolic waste discharge, thereby improving egg production rate and feed conversion rate. Polysaccharides and phenolic compounds in ingredients such as Angelica sinensis, Achyranthes bidentata, and Dipsacus asper can remove free radicals, improve antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce oxidative stress damage to the body of old laying hens, significantly improve total protein, albumin, globulin content in serum of old laying hens, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, reduce malondialdehyde content, improve blood physiological and biochemical conditions and body antioxidant capacity, delay aging, and extend the production cycle. Polysaccharides and saponin compounds in ingredients such as astragalus, codonopsis, and atractylodes can significantly increase the immunoglobulin content and lymphocyte transformation rate in the serum of old laying hens, improve the activity of immune cells and stimulate the development of immune organs, enhance the immunity and disease resistance of old laying hens, reduce the incidence of diseases, and reduce the use of antibiotics. Anthraquinones and volatile oil compounds in ingredients such as rhubarb, earthworms, and angelica can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, maintain the balance of intestinal flora, increase the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestines of old laying hens, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, maintain the balance of intestinal flora, improve intestinal health, and increase feed utilization, thereby improving egg quality.

[0054] The following is a description of the specific embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The present embodiment provides a diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, which comprises, by weight: 20 parts of a Chinese medicinal residue compound, 55 parts of corn, 30 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of soybean oil, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 4 parts of a premix.

[0057] Among them, the Chinese medicine residue complex is prepared by drying, crushing and mixing the following Chinese medicinal materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of Panax notoginseng, 80 parts of Chuanxiong, 15 parts of saffron, 80 parts of Angelica sinensis, 60 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 60 parts of Dipsacus asper, 60 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 60 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 60 parts of Dipsacus asper, 40 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 40 parts of Rhubarb, 40 parts of Pheretima and 30 parts of Angelica dahurica are dried and crushed respectively, passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve, mixed evenly, and the Chinese medicine residue complex is prepared.

[0058] Premix ingredients include: Vitamin A 10,000 KIU, Vitamin D3 2,500 KIU, Vitamin E 50 KIU, Vitamin K3 2 mg / kg, Vitamin B1 2 mg / kg, Vitamin B2 6 mg / kg, Vitamin B6 3 mg / kg, Vitamin B12 0.02mg / kg, niacin 30mg / kg, pantothenic acid 10mg / kg, folic acid 1mg / kg, biotin 0.1mg / kg, choline 500mg / kg; minerals include iron 50mg / kg, zinc 60mg / kg, copper 5mg / kg, manganese 70mg / kg, selenium 0.2mg / kg, iodine 1mg / kg; amino acids include lysine 1,000mg / kg and methionine 500mg / kg; digestive enzymes include xylanase 500U and β-glucanase 300U; probiotics include lactic acid bacteria 1×10^9CFU / g and Bacillus subtilis 1×10^8CFU / g.

[0059] The method for preparing the above-mentioned diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens comprises the following steps:

[0060] 55 parts of corn, 30 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of soybean oil, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of premix and 20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue complex are uniformly mixed to prepare the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that there are 40 portions of the Chinese medicinal residue composite material, and the other components, contents, steps and parameters are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that 80 portions of the Chinese medicinal residue composite are used, and the other components, contents, steps and parameters are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 1

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no Chinese medicinal residue composite is added, and other components, contents, steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0067] Comparative Example 2

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that Panax notoginseng, Ligusticum chuanxiong and saffron are not added, and the other ingredients, contents, steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no angelica, Achyranthes bidentata and Dipsacus asper are added, and the other ingredients, contents, steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 4

[0072] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that astragalus, codonopsis and atractylodes are not added, and other ingredients, contents, steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 5

[0074] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that rhubarb, earthworm and angelica dahurica are not added, and other ingredients, contents, steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0075] The above examples and comparative examples were subjected to single factor experimental design, which specifically included the following steps:

[0076] 360 healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 56 weeks were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups (3 example groups and 5 comparative example groups), with 45 hens allocated to each treatment group.

[0077] The Chinese medicine residue used in this experiment was provided by the Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical College. The pre-feeding period of this experiment was 2 weeks and the feeding period was 56 days. The basic feed used in the experiment was prepared according to the Chinese Chicken Feeding Standard (NYT33-2004).

[0078] The feeding and management process is as follows: The experiment was conducted at the relevant animal experiment base of Changsha Medical College (Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Agricultural Biogenomics). After the pens were disinfected, the experimental laying hens were transferred to the experiment. The experiment adopted a three-layer stepped cage, with a daily temperature of 24℃-26℃, a humidity of 40-60%, a light of 16h, natural ventilation, free access to food and water, feeding at 8:00 am every day, and collecting eggs from the previous day at 10:00; and recording data such as feed loss, residual feed, and the number of dead eggs. On the 56th day of the experiment, 6 eggs were randomly selected from each treatment group for egg quality determination: After fasting for 12h, a laying hen was randomly selected from each treatment group, and the ovaries were separated and weighed to calculate the ovarian index.

[0079] Results and Analysis

[0080] 1. Effects of adding different Chinese medicine residue complexes to diet on the growth performance of laying hens

[0081] During the experiment, the average daily feed intake of the group adding 80 portions of Chinese medicine residue compound to the diet of Example 3 was significantly lower than that of Example 1 and Example 2, and there was no significant difference with Comparative Examples 1 to Comparative Examples 5 (P=0.032); the feed-egg ratio of Example 3 was significantly lower than that of other groups (P=0.025); the average daily feed intake, average egg weight, feed-egg ratio, and egg production rate of Example 1 and Example 2 increased to a certain extent compared with the comparative example, and the egg breaking rate decreased, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05, Table 1 below). Comparing Comparative Examples 1 to Comparative Examples 5, the average daily feed intake, average egg weight, feed-egg ratio, and egg production rate increased to a certain extent, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05); in addition, the egg breaking rate decreased to a certain extent, but it was not significant (P>0.05). These results show that adding different doses of Chinese medicinal residue complex to the diet has a certain effect on the production performance of aged laying hens, among which Example 3 has a significant advantage in terms of feed-egg ratio, and the addition amount within a certain range (Examples 2 and 3) also has a positive trend, which provides a certain reference basis for further research on the rational application of Chinese medicinal residue as a feed additive.

[0082] Table 1 Effects of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to diet on the growth performance of laying hens

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] 2. Effects of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet on egg quality

[0086] As can be seen from Table 2, adding an appropriate proportion of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet of laying hens can improve the egg quality to a certain extent, but too high an addition will have a negative impact on the eggs. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the addition of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet on the eggshell thickness, egg weight, longitudinal diameter, eggshell weight and yolk weight of the eggs; the addition of Chinese medicinal residues can significantly improve the yolk color, and each embodiment has a significant difference from the comparative example; Example 2 can significantly increase the transverse diameter of the egg, while Examples 1 and 3 have no significant difference from the comparative example; Example 3 will reduce the egg protein height and Haugh unit, which is significantly lower than the comparative example (P=0.003), affecting the egg quality. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) between Comparative Examples 1 to Comparative Examples 5 in eggshell thickness, height, egg weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, eggshell weight, yolk weight, yolk color, and Haugh unit, and they are lower than the levels of Examples 1 to 3.

[0087] Table 2 Effects of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to diet on egg quality

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] 3. Effects of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet on serum antioxidant indices of laying hens

[0091] The effects of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet on the antioxidant indexes of laying hens' serum are shown in Table 3 below. Adding Chinese medicinal residues to the diet can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the serum glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels of laying hens in other comparative examples and embodiments are significantly increased (P < 0.05); adding Chinese medicinal residues increases the level of catalase (CAT) in laying hens, and the CAT in the comparative example is significantly lower than that in Examples 2 and 3 (P < 0.05), and there is no significant difference with Example 1; from a numerical point of view, Chinese medicinal residues can reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of laying hens, and the MDA level is lower than that in the comparative example; the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level is higher than that in the comparative example, but there is no significant difference (P > 0.05). Comparative Examples 1 to 5 showed significant increases in GSH and GSH-Px levels (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the expression of CAT, SOD, T-AOC, MDA, yolk weight, yolk color, and Haugh units (P > 0.05); compared with the examples, GSH, SOD, and GSH-Px levels were all increased to a certain extent, and MDA showed a significant downward trend. These results show that adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity of laying hens, and may have a positive impact on the health and production performance of laying hens.

[0092] Table 3 Effects of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to diet on serum antioxidant indexes of laying hens

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] 4. Effects of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to diet on serum lipoprotein in laying hens

[0096] As shown in Table 4, there was no significant difference in the content of serum lipoprotein LDL-C and HDL-C in laying hens with different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to the diets of the comparative example and the example (P>0.05). These results show that under the conditions of this experiment, the addition of Chinese medicinal residues has no significant effect on the content of serum lipoprotein LDL-C and HDL-C in laying hens.

[0097] Table 4 Effects of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to diet on serum lipoprotein in laying hens

[0098]

[0099] 5. Effects of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to diet on blood biochemical parameters of laying hens

[0100] Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are the three major metabolic indicators of liver disease. As can be seen from Table 5, the increase of these indicators indicates liver cell damage and necrosis and intrahepatic cholestasis. In this experiment, different levels of Chinese medicine residues were added to the basic diet of laying hens. The results showed that there was no effect on the ALT index (P>0.05), and Examples 2 and 3 could significantly reduce the content of ALP (P<0.05), and the AST level was significantly higher than the control ratio (P<0.05); the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level Increased blood sugar levels can damage body tissues and are a sign of inflammatory response. In this experiment, adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues significantly reduced the LDH content in the blood (P=0.000), which was reduced by 291.33U / L, 483.83U / L, and 225.03U / L, respectively. Blood sugar concentration reflects the efficiency of nutrient decomposition into the blood for energy supply. The experimental results show that Examples 2 and 3 increased blood sugar concentrations, among which Example 3 increased significantly compared with Comparative Example 1 (P<0.05), indicating that Chinese medicinal residues effectively increased the efficiency of carbohydrate decomposition into glucose, and glucose was absorbed into the blood more quickly. In addition, compared with Comparative Example 1, Comparative Examples 2 to Comparative Example 5 all had certain improvements in ALP, AST, TP, GLB, GLU, TC, AST, AST / ALT, ALB, ALB / GLB, BUN, TG, HDL, and LDL levels, and the values ​​were all lower than those in the embodiment; these results show that adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet has no significant effect (P>0.05) on the blood biochemical indicators of laying hens such as total protein (TP), globulin (GLB), albumin (ALB), ALB / GLB, total cholesterol (TC), the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (AST / ALT), urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

[0101] Table 5 Effects of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to diet on serum biochemical parameters of laying hens

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] 6. Effects of different levels of Chinese medicinal residues added to diet on intestinal tissue morphology of laying hens

[0105] Intestinal villus height, crypt depth and their ratio are often used as evaluation indicators of intestinal mucosal barrier function or intestinal health. Experimental data analysis shows that the test results of Comparative Examples 2 to 5 are significantly lower than those of Examples 1 to 3. Based on this, this study further carried out comparative experiments between Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3 to conduct a systematic performance evaluation. Figure 1and Figure 2 The results showed that adding different levels of Chinese medicine residue complexes to the diet can increase the height of villus and the ratio of villus to crypts and reduce the depth of crypts in the intestinal tract of laying hens to varying degrees. The height of the jejunal villus in the duodenum of laying hens in Example 1 and Example 3 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), while the height of the ileum villus was not significantly different from that in the control group (P > 0.05); the depth of the crypts in the duodenum of Example 3 was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), while the depth of the jejunal crypts was not significantly different from that in the control group (P > 0.05); the villus to crypt ratios of the duodenum and jejunum of each example gradually increased with the increase of the level of Chinese medicine residue addition, and there was a significant difference between the villus to crypt ratios of the jejunum in Example 2 and Example 3 in the duodenum and the control group (P < 0.05), and the villus to crypt ratio of the ileum decreased with the increase of the proportion of Chinese medicine residue addition, but was still higher than that in the control group.

[0106] 7. Effects of adding different levels of Chinese medicinal residues to the diet on intestinal microorganisms of laying hens

[0107] The dominant intestinal microflora of laying hens supplemented with different levels of Chinese medicinal residues were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, etc. ( Figure 3 ); the dominant genera are Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Collinsella, etc. ( Figure 4 A); Ruminococcus is one of the most efficient bacterial genera in breaking down carbohydrates and plays a vital role in metabolism. Figure 4 B shows that Example 2 and Example 3 significantly increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and improved the digestion and degradation ability of laying hens (P = 0.001); the dominant species were Mucispinillum schaedleri, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Megamonashypermegale, etc. ( Figure 5 A); Desulfovibrio D168 belongs to the genus Desulfovibrio. Increased flora may cause gastrointestinal diseases, caused by Figure 4 A It can be seen that Example 2 and Example 3 significantly reduced the relative abundance of the bacteria (P=0.014); Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the important producers of butyric acid, has anti-inflammatory effects, maintains the activity of bacterial enzymes, and protects the digestive system from intestinal pathogens. Example 3 can effectively increase the relative abundance of the bacteria ( Figure 5C), which was significantly different from the control group (P=0.026); Lactobacillus salivarius is a rare probiotic strain that can improve allergic constitution and prevent recurrent allergic attacks. Its function is to adjust allergic constitution, but after adding Chinese medicine residue, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus salivarius in each treatment group decreased significantly ( Figure 5 D).

[0108] In summary, the experimental results show that adding an appropriate proportion of Chinese medicinal residues to the basic diet of old laying hens can significantly improve multiple physiological indicators of laying hens. Specifically, Chinese medicinal residue additives can effectively improve the growth performance of laying hens (P < 0.05), improve egg quality parameters, optimize blood physiological and biochemical indicators, and enhance the body's antioxidant capacity (SOD and GSH-Px activities are significantly increased, and MDA content is reduced) and intestinal health (villus height / crypt depth ratio is significantly increased). Based on the statistical analysis of the above indicators and combined with the dose-effect relationship study, it was determined that under the conditions of this experiment, adding 40 portions of Chinese medicinal residue complex to the diet of old laying hens is the optimal additive dose. This amount of addition can achieve the best comprehensive benefits under the premise of ensuring animal safety, and has high practical application value and promotion significance.

[0109] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens, characterized in that: According to parts by weight, it includes the following components: 50-58 parts of corn, 30-34 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-3 parts of vegetable oil, 3-5 parts of premix, and 20-80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue compound; The active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine residue complex include Panax notoginseng, Chuanxiong, saffron, angelica, Achyranthes bidentata, Dipsacus asper, Astragalus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, Rhubarb, Pheretima and Angelica dahurica.

2. A diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetable oil is at least one of soybean oil, rapeseed oil and corn oil.

3. A diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix includes at least one of complex vitamins, amino acids, minerals, probiotics and digestive enzymes.

4. A diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens according to claim 3, characterized in that: The complex vitamin includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid and D-pantothenic acid.

5. A diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens according to claim 3, characterized in that: The minerals include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine.

6. A diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traditional Chinese medicine residue complex is prepared by drying, crushing, sieving and uniformly mixing 50-100 parts of Panax notoginseng, 50-100 parts of Chuanxiong, 10-20 parts of saffron, 50-100 parts of Angelica sinensis, 50-100 parts of Achyranthes bidentata, 50-100 parts of Dipsacus asper, 50-100 parts of Astragalus, 50-100 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 30-60 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 30-60 parts of Rhubarb, 30-60 parts of Pheretima and 30-60 parts of Angelica dahurica.

7. A diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying process requires that the moisture content is lower than 8% to 10% and the particle size after crushing reaches 60 to 80 meshes.

8. A method for preparing a diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: 50-58 parts of corn, 30-34 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-3 parts of vegetable oil, 8-10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts of premix and 20-80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue complex are uniformly mixed to prepare the diet for improving the production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens.

9. Use of a diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 or a diet for improving production performance and egg quality of aged laying hens prepared by the preparation method of claim 8 in breeding.

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