Low-altitude flight electromagnetic base station site selection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless transmission, and discloses a low-altitude flight electromagnetic base station site selection method. According to the method, a communication demand model, an electromagnetic propagation model and a geographic constraint model are constructed by acquiring low-altitude aircraft flow data, electromagnetic environment data and geographic information data, and a base station site selection scheme is generated by using an optimization algorithm. The method can accurately quantify communication requirements of the low-altitude aircraft, dynamically analyze signal propagation characteristics, comprehensively consider geographical conditions and cost factors, and realize optimized deployment of a base station network. The method has the advantages that the signal coverage range and communication quality of a low-altitude area are remarkably improved, interference between base stations and deployment cost are reduced, the method adapts to dynamic characteristics and future demand changes of low-altitude aircrafts, and reliable communication guarantee is provided for development of low-altitude economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wireless transmission, and in particular to a method for selecting a site for a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, low-altitude aircraft (such as drones, flying cars, etc.) are increasingly used in logistics distribution, urban transportation, emergency rescue and other fields. However, the traditional ground base station network is mainly designed for ground users, and its signal coverage and propagation characteristics cannot effectively meet the communication needs of low-altitude aircraft. Low-altitude aircraft usually fly in airspace tens to hundreds of meters above the ground. Their communication environment is complex and changeable, and is greatly affected by factors such as terrain, buildings, and weather, resulting in prominent signal attenuation, multipath effects, and interference problems. In addition, the dynamics of low-altitude aircraft (such as changes in flight altitude, speed, and route) and diversity (such as differences in communication requirements for different mission types) further increase the difficulty of base station site selection.

[0003] Existing base station site selection methods are mainly based on ground user distribution and static propagation models, lacking targeted consideration of the communication needs of low-altitude aircraft. For example, traditional methods do not fully consider the signal propagation characteristics of low-altitude areas, resulting in insufficient base station coverage or excessive signal overlap; at the same time, existing methods do not effectively combine the dynamic characteristics of low-altitude aircraft and future demand changes, resulting in poor long-term applicability of base station networks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an electromagnetic base station site selection method for low-altitude aircraft, which can comprehensively consider the communication needs, electromagnetic environment and geographical conditions of low-altitude aircraft, and realize accurate planning and efficient deployment of base station networks. For this purpose, a low-altitude flight electromagnetic base station site selection method is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for selecting a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station site to solve the background technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for selecting a site for a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station, comprising the following steps: Obtain low-altitude aircraft traffic data, electromagnetic environment data and geographic information data in the target area; Based on the low-altitude aircraft traffic data, a low-altitude aircraft communication demand model is constructed to quantify the communication demand in different areas and time periods; Based on the electromagnetic environment data, an electromagnetic propagation model is constructed to analyze the propagation characteristics of the signal in the low-altitude area; Based on the geographic information data, a geographic constraint model is constructed to screen candidate locations suitable for deploying base stations; Inputting the communication demand model, electromagnetic propagation model and geographic constraint model into an optimization algorithm to generate a base station site selection plan, the plan including base station location, antenna height, transmission power and coverage; The base station site selection plan is evaluated and optimized, and the final site selection result is output.

[0006] Preferably, the low-altitude aircraft traffic data includes aircraft type, flight altitude, flight speed, flight route and communication requirements.

[0007] Preferably, the electromagnetic environment data includes signal strength, interference source distribution, spectrum utilization and noise level.

[0008] Preferably, the geographic information data includes terrain elevation, building distribution, obstacle locations and no-fly zone information.

[0009] Preferably, the construction of the low-altitude aircraft communication demand model includes: Analyze the distribution of communication demands in different regions and time periods; Classify communication requirements according to aircraft type and mission type; Establish a dynamic communication demand model to predict future changes in communication demand.

[0010] Preferably, the construction of the electromagnetic propagation model includes: Analyze the propagation characteristics of signals in low-altitude areas, including path loss, multipath effects, and interference impacts; Considering the shielding and reflection effects of terrain and buildings on signal propagation, a three-dimensional electromagnetic propagation model is established; The parameters of the propagation model are dynamically adjusted based on the flight altitude and speed of the low-altitude aircraft.

[0011] Preferably, the construction of the geographic constraint model includes: Identify candidate locations suitable for deploying base stations, including but not limited to building rooftops, communication towers, and high points on mountains; Exclude no-fly zones, areas with dense obstacles, and areas with unsuitable geographical conditions; Considering the power supply, maintenance and cost factors of the base station, the candidate locations are further screened.

[0012] Preferably, the optimization algorithm includes a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm or a simulated annealing algorithm, and the optimization objectives include maximizing coverage, minimizing signal blind spots, reducing interference levels and controlling deployment costs.

[0013] Preferably, the base station site selection plan includes base station location, antenna height, transmission power and coverage range.

[0014] Preferably, the evaluation and optimization include coverage analysis, signal strength testing, interference level detection and cost-effectiveness evaluation.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention constructs a communication demand model, an electromagnetic propagation model and a geographic constraint model by acquiring low-altitude aircraft traffic data, electromagnetic environment data and geographic information data, and generates a base station site selection plan using an optimization algorithm. This method can accurately quantify the communication needs of low-altitude aircraft, dynamically analyze signal propagation characteristics, comprehensively consider geographical conditions and cost factors, and achieve optimal deployment of base station networks. Its beneficial effects include: significantly improving the signal coverage and communication quality in low-altitude areas, reducing interference and deployment costs between base stations, adapting to the dynamic characteristics of low-altitude aircraft and future demand changes, and providing reliable communication guarantees for the development of the low-altitude economy.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the method for selecting a site for a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this technical field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example: See also Figure 1 This embodiment proposes a method for selecting a site for a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station. This embodiment takes a low-altitude logistics distribution network of a certain city as an example to describe in detail the implementation process of the method for selecting a site for a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Data collection and preprocessing 1. Low-altitude aircraft traffic data: Obtain aircraft traffic data in the target area through drone monitoring systems, logistics platforms and flight recorders; The data content includes: Aircraft type: logistics drone (such as quad-rotor drone, fixed-wing drone); Flight altitude: 50-150 meters, with a statistical distribution of every 10 meters; Flight speed: 10-20 m / s, with a distribution of 2 m / s intervals; Flight routes: hot spots along the delivery routes (e.g., commercial areas, residential areas) and flight density; Communication requirements: bandwidth ≥ 10Mbps, latency ≤ 50ms, reliability ≥ 99%; The data is cleaned and formatted to remove outliers (such as data with negative heights or speeds out of range), and the data is unified into a format recognizable by the Geographic Information System (GIS).

[0020] 2. Electromagnetic environment data: Use spectrum analyzers and signal acquisition equipment to obtain electromagnetic environment data of the target area; The data content includes: Signal strength: The signal coverage strength of existing base stations, measured in grids of 100 meters: Interference source distribution: location and strength of interference sources such as high-voltage power lines and radio towers; Spectrum utilization: occupancy of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency bands; Noise level: average and peak background noise; Spatially align the data to ensure that they are in the same coordinate system as the geographic information data.

[0021] 3. Geographic information data: Obtain geographic information data of the target area through geographic information system (GIS); The data content includes: Terrain elevation: Digital elevation model (DEM) data with an accuracy of 1 meter; Building distribution: location, height and density of buildings; Obstacle location: location and height of obstacles such as viaducts, trees, and mountains; No-fly zone information: no-fly zones such as airport perimeters and military restricted areas; The data is preprocessed to generate a three-dimensional geographic model for subsequent analysis.

[0022] Step 2: Build a low-altitude aircraft communication requirements model 1. Analyze the distribution of communication needs: Divide the target area into several grids (e.g., 100 m x 100 m) and count the aircraft traffic and communication requirements in each grid; Analyze the changing trends of communication demand according to different time periods (such as morning peak and evening peak).

[0023] 2. Classify communication requirements: According to the aircraft type and mission type, the communication requirements are divided into three levels: high, medium and low: High level: Logistics distribution hotspots, bandwidth ≥ 20Mbps, latency ≤ 30ms.

[0024] Medium level: general delivery area, bandwidth ≥ 10Mbps, latency ≤ 50ms.

[0025] Low level: remote areas, bandwidth ≥ 5Mbps, latency ≤ 100ms.

[0026] 3. Establish a dynamic communication demand model: Use time series analysis algorithms (such as ARIMA models) to predict changes in communication demand over a period of time in the future; Combine the forecast results with historical data to generate a dynamic communication demand model.

[0027] Step 3: Build an electromagnetic propagation model 1. Analyze signal propagation characteristics: Use ray tracing to simulate the propagation path of signals in low-altitude areas; Consider propagation characteristics such as path loss, multipath effects, reflection and diffraction.

[0028] 2. Establish a three-dimensional electromagnetic propagation model: Combine terrain elevation and building distribution to generate a three-dimensional geographic model; Signal propagation is simulated in a 3D model and the signal strength is calculated at each location.

[0029] 3. Dynamically adjust model parameters: Adjust the parameters of the propagation model according to the flight altitude and speed of the low-altitude aircraft; For example, when the flight altitude increases, the path loss decreases; when the flight speed increases, the multipath effect increases.

[0030] Step 4: Build a Geographically Constrained Model 1. Identify candidate locations: Use GIS tools to analyze the geographic conditions of the target area and identify candidate locations suitable for deploying base stations; Candidate locations include building roofs, communication towers, mountain high points, etc.

[0031] 2. Eliminate unsuitable areas: Exclude no-fly zones, areas with dense obstacles, and areas with unsuitable geographical conditions; For example, it is prohibited to deploy base stations within 5 kilometers around the airport.

[0032] 3. Consider power supply and maintenance conditions: Select candidate locations with good power supply conditions and convenient maintenance; For example, preference is given to locations with existing power and communications infrastructure.

[0033] Step 5: Base station site optimization 1. Input the model to the optimization algorithm: inputting a communication demand model, an electromagnetic propagation model, and a geographic constraint model into a genetic algorithm; Set optimization goals, including maximizing coverage, minimizing signal dead zones, reducing interference levels, and controlling deployment costs.

[0034] 2. Iterative calculation: Generate a set of base station site selection schemes through the selection, crossover and mutation operations of the genetic algorithm; After each round of iteration, the fitness of the solution (such as coverage, interference level) is evaluated and the best solution is retained.

[0035] 3. Generate site selection plan: Output the optimal base station site selection plan, including base station location, antenna height, transmission power and coverage range.

[0036] Step 6: Solution evaluation and optimization 1. Coverage Analysis: Use simulation tools to verify the signal coverage of base stations and ensure that the coverage rate of the target area reaches more than 95%.

[0037] 2. Signal strength test: Set up test points in the target area and measure signal strength to ensure that communication requirements are met.

[0038] 3. Interference level detection: Detect the interference level between base stations and ensure that the interference is controlled below -10dB.

[0039] 4. Cost-effectiveness assessment: Calculate deployment costs (such as equipment costs and installation costs) and benefits (such as coverage and communication quality) to ensure the economic feasibility of the solution.

[0040] 5. Optimization and adjustment: Based on the evaluation results, adjust the parameters or constraints of the optimization algorithm to further optimize the site selection plan.

[0041] Step 7: Output the final site selection results 1. Output scheme: Output the optimal base station site selection plan, including the specific location of the base station, antenna parameters and coverage range.

[0042] 2. Visual display: Use GIS tools to generate visual deployment maps, marking base station locations and coverage areas; Provides performance analysis reports including coverage, signal strength, interference level and cost-effectiveness.

[0043] Through the implementation of this embodiment, the electromagnetic base station site selection plan for a city's low-altitude logistics distribution network was successfully planned. This method achieves accurate deployment of the base station network through multi-source data fusion, dynamic modeling and intelligent optimization, with coverage reaching more than 95% of the target area, interference between base stations controlled below -10dB, and deployment costs reduced by 20%. The dynamic communication demand model and electromagnetic propagation model can adapt to future changes in low-altitude aircraft traffic and mission types, ensuring the long-term applicability and efficiency of the base station network. The final output base station site selection plan includes base station location, antenna parameters and coverage, and assists decision-making through visual maps and performance analysis reports, significantly improving the communication quality and network reliability of low-altitude aircraft.

Claims

1. A method for site selection of low-altitude flying electromagnetic base stations, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain low-altitude aircraft traffic data, electromagnetic environment data and geographic information data in the target area; Based on the low-altitude aircraft traffic data, a low-altitude aircraft communication demand model is constructed to quantify the communication demand in different areas and time periods; Based on the electromagnetic environment data, an electromagnetic propagation model is constructed to analyze the propagation characteristics of the signal in the low-altitude area; Based on the geographic information data, a geographic constraint model is constructed to screen candidate locations suitable for deploying base stations; Inputting the communication demand model, electromagnetic propagation model and geographic constraint model into an optimization algorithm to generate a base station site selection plan, the plan including base station location, antenna height, transmission power and coverage; The base station site selection plan is evaluated and optimized, and the final site selection result is output.

2. A method for site selection of a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-altitude aircraft traffic data includes aircraft type, flight altitude, flight speed, flight route and communication requirements.

3. A method for site selection of a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic environment data includes signal strength, interference source distribution, spectrum utilization and noise level.

4. A method for selecting a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station site according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geographic information data includes terrain elevation, building distribution, obstacle locations and no-fly zone information.

5. A method for selecting a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station site according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the low-altitude aircraft communication demand model includes: Analyze the distribution of communication demands in different regions and time periods; Classify communication requirements according to aircraft type and mission type; Establish a dynamic communication demand model to predict future changes in communication demand.

6. A method for site selection of a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the electromagnetic propagation model includes: Analyze the propagation characteristics of signals in low-altitude areas, including path loss, multipath effects, and interference impacts; Considering the shielding and reflection effects of terrain and buildings on signal propagation, a three-dimensional electromagnetic propagation model is established; The parameters of the propagation model are dynamically adjusted based on the flight altitude and speed of the low-altitude aircraft.

7. A method for selecting a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station site according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the geographic constraint model includes: Identify candidate locations suitable for deploying base stations, including but not limited to building rooftops, communication towers, and mountain high points; Exclude no-fly zones, areas with dense obstacles, and areas with unsuitable geographical conditions; Considering the power supply, maintenance and cost factors of the base station, the candidate locations are further screened.

8. A method for site selection of a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization algorithm includes a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm or a simulated annealing algorithm, and the optimization objectives include maximizing coverage, minimizing signal blind areas, reducing interference levels and controlling deployment costs.

9. A method for selecting a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station site according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base station site selection plan includes base station location, antenna height, transmission power and coverage range.

10. A method for selecting a low-altitude flying electromagnetic base station site according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaluation and optimization include coverage analysis, signal strength testing, interference level detection and cost-effectiveness evaluation.

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