Network interface with deactable automatic bypass function between two

Abstract

The invention relates to a network interface (1; the invention relates to a network interface (1, 100) comprising a first network connector (3), a second network connector (4), and a connector-to-connector bypass unit (20). The bypass unit (20) comprises a monostable switching unit (30) for enabling a bypass connection between the first network connector (3) and the second network connector (4) in a steady state and for disabling the bypass connection in an unstable state. In order to have high flexibility in use, the bypass unit (20) further comprises a bistable switching unit (40) wherein the bistable switching unit (40) disconnects the bypass connection in the open state. The invention also relates to a network interface (1; 100) is provided. The invention also relates to an automation controller module (200).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a network interface, for example for an automation controller module, comprising a first network connector, a second network connector, and a connector-to-connector bypass unit. The invention further relates to an automation controller module having a network interface.

[0002] Different types of network topologies are known.

[0003] On the one hand, in many industrial applications, data communication between control devices is carried out through low-speed two-wire bus networks, such as controller area network (CAN bus), local operating network (LON) and RS-485. The corresponding network topology has some inherent fault resilience: dead nodes or powered-off nodes will not paralyze the entire network; other nodes can continue their communication. However, such bus two-wire networks usually allow only limited data transmission rates. Furthermore, the processing of accessing the bus network is usually very limited, for example, in terms of transmission windows and conflict handling. Typically, such bus networks do not support multiplexing and peer-to-peer networking of multiple protocols on the same network.

[0004] On the other hand, an Ethernet network is used. Most Ethernet networks adopt a hub topology (also known as a star topology). Ethernet networks allow relatively high data transmission rates. Known Ethernet networks have a media access control layer, peer-to-peer full duplex networking, and an open standard protocol stack. Ethernet networks have high flexibility. It can support the reuse of many different protocols in the same network, and can even support the processing of different logical communication layers reused on the same physical network. However, Ethernet networks have certain disadvantages. Ethernet cables are composed of four pairs of twisted pairs. They are thicker and more expensive than cables with a single pair of copper wires, wherein cables with a single pair of copper wires can meet the above-mentioned two-wire bus network. Since Ethernet networks are typically based on a star topology at least in sections, all corresponding Ethernet cables need to be connected to a central node, such as an Ethernet switch or a hub. The star topology means that if the central node fails, the network is completely interrupted. In addition, the star topology typically causes it to be more difficult to connect all nodes using network cables in industrial applications. This increases complexity and cost.

[0005] A method to reduce the cost and complexity of connecting various nodes using network cables is the so-called daisy-chaining. The Ethernet star topology is essentially converted into a series of chained star topology segments. Each node that is part of the chain (each "chain node") includes at least two Ethernet connectors and an Ethernet switch unit connected to the two Ethernet connectors. The Ethernet switch unit allows the chain node to send and receive network traffic about the corresponding chain node itself. In addition, the Ethernet switch forwards traffic to other nodes through the corresponding chain node. In principle, the daisy chain method allows all nodes of the network to be connected in series. This helps with network cable management.

[0006] However, there remains the problem that if one of the chain nodes fails, the entire Ethernet network is interrupted. Therefore, it has been proposed to provide an automatic bypass function in each chain node. When the chain node is not powered, the automatic bypass function activates a bypass connection within the chain node between at least two Ethernet connectors of the chain node. Therefore, if one of the chain nodes fails, the previous chain node and the next chain node in the chain are still connected and the network is not completely interrupted.

[0007] This approach can be used in an operational technology (OT) network. An OT network can include one or more automation controller modules as nodes, for example as chain nodes.

[0008] However, it is usually necessary to connect the OT network (which can be such an Ethernet-based daisy-chain network) with an external network (e.g., an information technology (IT) network) via a connection node. When the connection node is effective, it manages and limits the communication between the OT network and the IT network in order to protect the OT network. If the connection node has an automatic bypass function, the OT network will be directly electrically connected to the IT network if the connection node is not powered. This may lead to significant safety and security risks.

[0009] Therefore, the joining node must be a different type from the chain node that is connected only within the OT network. This leads to increased costs and reduced flexibility in using the same type of node for different purposes. For example, it is not easy to simply use a chain node different from the joining node at the new location to connect the OT network to the IT network. Instead, the joining node must be reinstalled at the new location.

[0010] US2012 / 0287975 A1 describes a network device, which includes a connector connected to a network, a receiving line connected to the connector, and a transmitting line connected to the connector. A communication control unit is configured to control communication with an external network device by receiving a signal from the network through the connector and the receiving line, and sending the signal to the network through the transmitting line and the connector. When the communication control unit is in a power-off state or a standby state, a loopback processing unit loops back the signal transmitted through the receiving line to the transmitting line. The loopback processing unit is a bypass connection characterized by a switch that connects the receiving line and the transmitting line when turned on.

[0011] US2014 / 0064059 A1 discloses a network backup device, which includes a first connector configured to be connected to one or more ports of a first network equipment, a second connector configured to be connected to one or more network equipment, and a third connector configured to be connected to a third network equipment. The switching module aggregates data sent from the second connector, transmits the aggregated data to the third connector, and distributes the data sent from the third connector to the second connector. Further, the switch is configured to switch from the connection between the second connector and the faulty port of the first network equipment to the connection between the second connector and the switching module in response to a fault occurring in the port of the first network equipment. The bypass switch is used to directly connect the first connector and the second connector under the control of the controller when the network backup device is in a non-operating state.

[0012] From EP 2 706 644 A1, a method, system and apparatus for charging a host device from a charging source via an accessory are known. Upon detecting an input power signal from the charging source, the accessory may send an identification request to the host device and authenticate the host device based on the identification information received from the host device. After authenticating the host device, the accessory may enable a power path between the charging source and the host device to supply a charging current to charge the host device. The power path is enabled / disabled by a bypass switch arranged in parallel with a resistive element.

[0013] The problem underlying the invention is to provide a network interface which is suitable for an automation controller module and which has a high flexibility in use.

[0014] This problem is solved by a network interface (preferably for an automation controller module) according to claim 1 .

[0015] The network interfaces include:

[0016] a first network connector;

[0017] a second network connector; and

[0018] Connector to connector bypass unit;

[0019] wherein the bypass unit comprises a monostable switching unit for enabling a bypass connection between the first network connector and the second network connector in a stable state and for disabling the bypass connection in an unstable state;

[0020] The bypass unit further comprises a bistable switching unit, wherein the bistable switching unit disconnects the bypass connection in an off state.

[0021] Specifically, the bistable switching unit can switch between two stable states (ie, a disconnected state and a connected state), and disconnects the bypass connection in the disconnected state, while not disconnecting the bypass connection in its connected state.

[0022] The network interface has a particularly high flexibility. When the bistable switching unit is not in its disconnected state (i.e., in the connected state), the bypass unit has an automatic bypass function controlled by the monostable switching unit. Further, when the bistable switching unit is in the disconnected state, the automatic bypass function is reliably deactivated.

[0023] The same network interface can be used for different kinds of applications.

[0024] In one aspect, the network interface (and any device employing the network interface) can be used for a first application, where, in certain circumstances, such as in the event of a power failure, a network interface failure (e.g., a failure of an Ethernet switch of the network interface), and / or a failure of a device incorporating the network interface (e.g., an automation controller module), the bypass connection should automatically bridge the network traffic between the first network connector and the second network connector. Even in the event of such a failure, the network is not interrupted. Other nodes will still be connected by the network.

[0025] In one aspect, the network interface (and any device employing the network interface) may be used in a second application where a network connected to a first network connector should be kept separate from another network connected to a second network connector.

[0026] As an example, both the first network connector and the second network connector may be connected to the same dedicated network, for example, to the same OT network. Even if a network interface (and / or a device employing the network interface) fails, the operational technology network is not interrupted and other devices in the network can still communicate because, in this case, the bypass unit automatically bridges the network between the first network connector and the second network connector.

[0027] For example, one of the first network connector and the second network connector may be connected to an external network, while the other of the first network connector and the second network connector is connected to a private network.

[0028] The external network may be an IT network, a wide area network (WAN) (eg, the Internet), a demilitarized zone (DMZ) network, a corporate wide area network, or the like.

[0029] The dedicated network can be an OT network, such as an automation network. It can adopt an industrial communication protocol. For example, it can be a fieldbus.

[0030] The bistable switching unit can switch between two stable states. One of them is an off state, in which the bistable switching unit reliably disconnects the bypass connection. In other words, when the bistable switching unit is in its off state, it prevents the first network connector and the second network connector from being connected via the bypass connection. Even if the monostable switching unit is in its stable state, the bistable switching unit in its off state disconnects the bypass connection so that the bypass connection cannot be established. In other words, the bistable switching unit is configured to disconnect the bypass connection in the off state, regardless of the state of the monostable switching unit (i.e., whether the switching unit is in its stable state or in an unstable state). The bistable switching unit allows the bypass function to be deactivated.

[0031] Another state of the bistable switching unit is the connection state. In the connection state, the bistable switching unit will not disconnect the bypass connection. In other words, the automatic bypass function is activated (and controlled by the monostable switching unit).

[0032] The bypass connection is enabled (only) under the following conditions:

[0033] - the bistable switching unit is in its connected state (ie not in the disconnected state) and

[0034] - At the same time the monostable switching cell is in its stable state.

[0035] When enabled, the bypass connection may directly connect the first network connector and the second network connector. The bypass connection may be configured to directly transmit network signals between the first network connector and the second network connector (in more detail, from the first network connector to the second network connector and vice versa) when enabled. In particular, the network signals may be transmitted without any processing, etc.

[0036] The activated and enabled bypass connection bridges the network between the first network connector and the network connector.

[0037] The monostable switching unit must be effectively maintained in an unstable state. It can be configured to be in an unstable state only when a predetermined condition is met. When the predetermined condition is not met, the monostable switching unit automatically enters a stable state.

[0038] Once the predetermined condition is no longer met, the monostable switching unit automatically switches from the unstable state to the stable state and remains in the stable state until the predetermined condition is met again.

[0039] The predetermined condition may include applying a disconnect signal to the first switching unit. The disconnect signal may indicate the predetermined condition, for example, whether the network interface is powered and / or whether the Ethernet switch of the network interface is valid. In this regard, the network signal arriving at the first network connector and / or the second network connector may not be considered as power supply.

[0040] The network interface may include a conditional input (eg, a connector) for receiving a disconnect signal.

[0041] For example, the monostable switching unit is configured to be in an unstable state when an off signal is applied to the monostable switching unit. Otherwise, the monostable switching unit is automatically in a stable state.

[0042] The monostable switching unit is adapted to be used as a power loss and / or logic failure switching device. In contrast, the bistable switching unit provides a configuration change between a first mode in which the automatic bypass function is enabled (activated) and a second mode in which the automatic bypass function is disabled.

[0043] The bistable switching cell remains stable in both the connected and disconnected states. Therefore, it has a configuration memory. Even after a complete power failure, the bistable switching cell remains in the same state.

[0044] In one embodiment, the monostable switching cell and the bistable switching cell are arranged in series.

[0045] Additionally or alternatively, the bypass connection is only enabled under the following conditions:

[0046] - the bistable switching unit is in its connected state and

[0047] - At the same time the monostable switching cell is in its stable state.

[0048] According to one aspect, regarding the bypass connection, the monostable switching unit and the bistable switching unit are arranged in series. This method has low complexity, is easy to implement, and is cost-effective.

[0049] Generally, a bistable switching unit may comprise at least one (preferably non-volatile) bistable switching element.

[0050] According to one aspect, the bistable switching unit comprises at least one bistable relay. Relays are easy to implement and inexpensive.

[0051] The at least one bistable relay may be a bistable small signal relay. A small signal relay can handle particularly small voltages.

[0052] The at least one bistable relay may be a double-pole double-throw relay (DPDT relay). Additionally or alternatively, the bistable switching unit may include at least one bistable double-pole single-throw relay (DPST relay).

[0053] Since most network lines include a number of lines corresponding to N·2, where N is a natural number (1, 2, 3, ...), using a double-pole relay (DP) is cost-effective, reduces the required space, and is easy to manufacture compared to using a single-pole (SP) relay.

[0054] Each DPDT relay comprises two relay terminals and four relay connectors, i.e. two relay connectors per relay terminal. For each terminal, one of the two relay connectors may not form part of the bypass connection. They are referred to as "dead relay connectors". For example, they are not permanently electrically connected to any other element at all. If the DPDT relay is in its disconnected state, the relay terminals are connected to the dead relay connectors. If the DPDT relay is in its connected state, the relay terminals are connected to the other relay connectors, which may be referred to as "bypass relay connectors".

[0055] Naturally, there is no need for a "dead relay connector" at all. Accordingly, a bistable DPST relay can also be used. However, bistable DPDT relays are particularly readily available and inexpensive.

[0056] In particular, the bistable switching unit may include at least two DPDT relays. Additionally or alternatively, the bistable switching unit may include at least two DPST relays.

[0057] In one embodiment, the bistable switching unit comprises at least one manual switch which can only be operated by a person who has direct physical access to the network interface.

[0058] In one embodiment, the bistable switching unit includes at least one trigger and an independent energy supplier, which may include, for example, a battery, an accumulator, and / or a solar cell.

[0059] In one embodiment, the bistable switching unit includes at least one floating gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (floating gate MOSFET). The floating gate MOSFET can "store" a state even when no power is supplied.

[0060] In one embodiment, the bistable switching cell comprises at least one phase change memory switch, for example, operating similarly to a cell in a phase change memory using chalcogenide glass.

[0061] Generally, the monostable switching unit may include at least one monostable switching element that automatically enables the bypass connection when a predetermined condition is not satisfied, and disables the bypass connection when the predetermined condition is satisfied.

[0062] According to one aspect, the monostable switching unit includes at least one monostable relay.

[0063] The at least one monostable relay may be a small signal relay.

[0064] The at least one monostable relay may be a monostable DPDT relay, such as a monostable DPDT signal relay. Additionally or alternatively, the monostable switching unit comprises at least one monostable double-pole double-throw relay (DPST relay), such as a monostable DPST signal relay. The relay terminal should be electrically connected to the relay connector in a stable state.

[0065] According to one aspect, the network interface is configured so that the bistable switching unit can be switched between a disconnected state and a connected state by a switching signal, which allows a bypass connection to be enabled by a monostable switching unit. For example, the network interface includes a switching input for receiving a switching signal from a processor and / or a microcontroller unit (MCU). The switching signal may include or be composed of an electrical signal (e.g., an electrical power pulse). For (multiple) switching signals for switching from the disconnected state to the connected state and (multiple) switching signals for switching from the connected state to the disconnected state, the voltage drop may be opposite.

[0066] In one embodiment, the network interface (or a device including the network interface) is configured such that the bistable switching unit can be switched between a disconnected state and a connected state by software configuration.

[0067] According to another aspect, the network interface includes an Ethernet switch. The Ethernet switch can be functionally coupled to the first network connector and the second network connector. The Ethernet switch can be configured to control data reception and transmission via the first network connector and via the second network connector. The Ethernet switch can be configured to forward network traffic between the first network connector and the second network connector. The Ethernet switch can be adapted so that the network interface can be used for daisy chaining.

[0068] The Ethernet switch may be configured to apply a disconnect signal to the monostable switching unit when the Ethernet switch is active. When the Ethernet switch is inactive, for example due to a power failure and / or because the Ethernet switch itself fails, the disconnect signal is no longer applied to the monostable switching unit. Therefore, the monostable switching unit then automatically switches to a stable state and remains in the stable state (unless the control signal is applied again). If the bistable switching unit is in a connected state (not in a disconnected state), the bypass connection is automatically enabled thereby.

[0069] According to another aspect, the network interface may be configured to constitute a node in an Ethernet network.

[0070] The Ethernet switch may be provided with at least one media access control address (MAC address). The Ethernet switch may be provided with a first MAC address for a first network connector and a second MAC address for a second network address. This facilitates connecting a network interface to two different networks, such as to an OT network and an external network.

[0071] According to one aspect, the Ethernet switch is a three-port Ethernet 100Base-TX switch. A first Ethernet switch port is functionally coupled to a first network connector, a second Ethernet switch port is functionally coupled to a second network connector, and a third Ethernet switch port is (at least configured to) be coupled to a processor and / or MCU.

[0072] As mentioned above, the network interface may include a processor and / or an MCU.

[0073] The processor and / or MCU may include an Ethernet switch.

[0074] In one embodiment, the network interface includes a connector for connecting to a processor and / or MCU. For example, the MCU may be disposed on a main circuit board of a device (eg, an automation controller module) employing the network interface.

[0075] According to one aspect, the network interface may be configured to support:

[0076] a first configuration in which the first network connector and the second network connector are connected to the same network (eg, an OT network), and

[0077] - A second configuration in which one of the first network connector and the second network connector is connected to a first network (eg, an OT network) and the other network connector is connected to a different second network (eg, an external network).

[0078] In a first configuration, the bistable switching unit may be in a connected state (the automatic bypass function between the two network connectors is activated). In a second configuration, the bistable switching unit may be in a disconnected state (the automatic bypass function between the two network connectors is deactivated).

[0079] The network interface may be configured to constitute a node in the first network and a node in the second network in the second configuration / second mode.

[0080] In one embodiment, the first network connector includes at least one of the following:

[0081] -RJ-45 connector,

[0082] -GG45 connector,

[0083] -RJ-11 connector,

[0084] -RJ-22 connector,

[0085] - RS-232 connector, and

[0086] -10base-T1L connector.

[0087] According to another aspect, the second network connector may include at least one of the following:

[0088] -RJ-45 connector,

[0089] -GG45 connector,

[0090] -RJ-11 connector,

[0091] -RJ-22 connector,

[0092] - RS-232 connector, and

[0093] -10base-T1L connector.

[0094] The first network connector may comprise a female network connector, such as a network connector socket. In one embodiment, the first network connector consists of exactly one female network connector only.

[0095] Additionally or alternatively, the second network connector may comprise a female network connector, such as a network connector socket. In one embodiment, the second network connector consists of exactly one female network connector only.

[0096] According to another aspect, the first network connector may comprise a male network connector, such as a network connector plug. In one embodiment, the first network connector consists of exactly one male network connector only.

[0097] Additionally or alternatively, the second network connector may comprise a male network connector, such as a network connector plug. In one embodiment, the second network connector consists of exactly one male network connector only.

[0098] As an example, the corresponding female network connector may be one of the following:

[0099] -RJ-45 jack,

[0100] - GG45 jack,

[0101] -RJ-11 jack,

[0102] -RJ-22 jack,

[0103] - RS-232 female connector, and

[0104] -10base-T1L female connector.

[0105] As an example, the corresponding male network connector may be one of the following:

[0106] -RJ-45 plug,

[0107] -GG45 plug,

[0108] -RJ-11 plug,

[0109] -RJ-22 plug,

[0110] - RS-232 male connector, and

[0111] -10base-T1L male connector.

[0112] In one embodiment, the first network connector and the second network connector are of the same connection type (e.g., both are RJ-45 connectors). In particular, the first network connector and the second network connector may be the same embodiment (e.g., both are RJ-45 jacks). In particular, the first network connector and the second network connector may be Ethernet 100Base-TX jacks, respectively.

[0113] The network interface may include a first galvanic isolation bridge device for (galvanic isolation of) the first network connector. The Ethernet switch may be coupled to the first network connector via the first galvanic isolation device. For example, the first galvanic isolation bridge device may include a magnetic transformer device and / or a capacitive bridge device.

[0114] Additionally or alternatively, the network interface may include a second galvanic isolation bridge device for (galvanic isolation of) the second network connector. The Ethernet switch may be coupled to the second network connector via the second galvanic isolation bridge device. For example, the second galvanic isolation bridge device may include a magnetic transformer device and / or a capacitive bridge device.

[0115] The bypass unit can be connected to the first network connector in parallel with the first galvanic isolation bridge device. The bypass unit can be connected to the second network connector in parallel with the second galvanic isolation bridge device. Therefore, the bypass connection bypasses the first galvanic isolation bridge device and / or the second galvanic isolation bridge device. The network signal can be transmitted by the bypass connection without being damaged by the first galvanic isolation bridge device and / or the second galvanic isolation bridge device.

[0116] In one embodiment, the first galvanic isolation bridge device is connected to the first network connector in parallel with the monostable switching unit. In other words, the monostable switching unit is connected to the first network connector in parallel (directly) with the first galvanic isolation bridge device. This is particularly applicable to the case where the monostable switching unit includes or consists of at least one monostable DPST relay.

[0117] Alternatively, the first galvanic isolation bridge device is connected in series to the first network connector via a monostable switching unit. In other words, the monostable switching unit is connected in series (directly) with the first network connector between the first network connector and the first galvanic isolation bridge device. This is particularly suitable if the monostable switching unit includes or consists of at least one monostable DPDT relay. For example, a relay terminal is connected to the first network connector. For each relay terminal, a corresponding relay connector that is electrically connected to the corresponding relay terminal in a stable state forms part of the bypass connection; another corresponding relay connector is connected to the first galvanic isolation bridge device. Therefore, the at least one DPDT relay connects the first network connector to the bypass connection (in a stable state, thereby enabling the bypass connection) or to the first galvanic isolation bridge device (in an unstable state, thereby disabling the bypass connection). This is suitable because the functional connection between the first network connector and the Ethernet switch may be outdated, and the bypass connection is enabled due to the ineffectiveness of the Ethernet switch.

[0118] According to another aspect, the second galvanic isolation bridge device can be connected to the second network connector in parallel with the bistable switching unit. In other words, the bistable switching unit and the second galvanic isolation bridge device are connected to the second network connector in parallel.

[0119] The monostable switching unit can be directly connected to the bistable switching unit to form a bypass connection.

[0120] According to another aspect, the network interface may include a printed circuit board, wherein at least the first network connector, the second network connector, the monostable switching unit, and the bistable switching unit are directly mounted on the printed circuit board. In addition, the Ethernet switch, the first current isolation bridge device and / or the second current isolation bridge device may be mounted on the printed circuit board. The bypass connection may extend in the circuit board. The electrical connection between the components may be formed by conductive traces within the PCB.

[0121] In one embodiment, the monostable switching unit disconnects the first network connector from the first galvanic isolation bridge device in its stable state.

[0122] In more detail, in its unstable state, the monostable switching unit can connect the first network connector to the first current bridge device and disconnect the first network connector from the bistable switching unit. In its stable state, the monostable switching unit can connect the first network connector to the bistable switching unit and disconnect the first network connector from the first current bridge device. This reduces the damping of the network signal when the bypass is enabled.

[0123] According to one aspect, the bypass unit may include a second monostable switching unit.

[0124] The second monostable switching unit can disconnect the second network connector from the second current isolation bridge device in its stable state. In more detail, in its unstable state, the second monostable switching unit can connect the second network connector to the second current bridge device and disconnect the second network connector from the bistable switching unit. In its stable state, the second monostable switching unit can connect the second network connector to the bistable switching unit and disconnect the second network connector from the second current bridge device.

[0125] In one embodiment, the second isolation bridge device can be connected to the second network connector via a second monostable switching unit. The second monostable switching unit can be connected in series between the second network connector and the bistable switching unit.

[0126] The bistable switching cell may be connected in series between the (first) monostable switching cell and the second monostable switching cell.

[0127] According to another aspect, the bypass unit may be configured to, under certain circumstances (as explained above), functionally disconnect the Ethernet switch from any, several or all of the following:

[0128] - first network adapter,

[0129] - A second network adapter, and

[0130] -Bypass unit.

[0131] The above mentioned problem is further solved by an automation controller module comprising a network interface according to any one of the preceding claims. The automation controller module may further comprise

[0132] - at least one additional I / O connector (ie in addition to the first network connector and the second network connector) and / or

[0133] -Processor and / or Microcontroller Unit (MCU).

[0134] Modifications and advantages described with respect to the interface network apply correspondingly to the automation controller module and vice versa.

[0135] The processor and / or MCU may be connected to the network interface. For example, it is connected to a switching input and is configured to send a switching signal. Additionally or alternatively, it is connected to an Ethernet switch.

[0136] If the automation controller module includes an MCU, the MCU may include a processor.

[0137] The at least one additional I / O connector may include a cable clamp.

[0138] In one embodiment, the automation controller includes a plurality of additional I / O connectors.

[0139] The automation controller module may be configured to form part of an automation controller system, for example for controlling a climate system, an air conditioning system, a refrigerant system and / or an industrial facility (like a production facility).

[0140] In one embodiment, the automation controller module is configured to control external functional components, which include at least one, several, or all of the following:

[0141] - actuator,

[0142] -compressor,

[0143] - Valves, such as expansion valves, and

[0144] -fan.

[0145] Additional features, advantages and possible applications of the invention are derived from the following description of exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. All features described and / or illustrated diagrammatically herein form the subject matter of the invention either individually or in any desired combination, regardless of how they are combined in the claims or in their retroactive references to preceding claims.

[0146] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0147] Figure 1 An embodiment of a network interface with a bypass unit according to the present invention is schematically shown, wherein the monostable switching unit is in an unstable state;

[0148] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 a network interface of the present invention, wherein the bistable switching unit of the bypass unit is in an open state and disconnects the bypass connection between the first network connector and the second network connector, although the monostable switching unit is in a stable state, which would otherwise enable the bypass connection;

[0149] Figure 3 Shown in more detail Figure 1 A bypass unit for a network interface in;

[0150] Figure 4 Schematically shows Figure 1 A modification of a network interface of , wherein the first galvanic isolation bridge device is connected in series to the first network connector via a monostable switching unit;

[0151] Figure 5 Shown include Figure 1 A perspective view of an automation controller unit having a network interface;

[0152] Figure 6 Shown is the installation on the rail Figure 5 a cross-sectional view of an automation controller unit; and

[0153] Figure 7 Schematically shows Figure 4 A modification of the network interface, wherein the second galvanic isolation bridge device is also connected in series to the second connector via a second monostable switching unit.

[0154] Figure 1 The network interface 1 shown includes a printed circuit board (PCB) 2 , a first network connector 3 , a second network connector 4 , a node function unit 10 , and a bypass unit 20 .

[0155] The node functional unit 10 includes a first galvanic isolation bridge device 11, a second galvanic isolation bridge device 12, an Ethernet switch 13, and a connector 16. In addition to or instead of the Ethernet switch 13, the node functional unit 10 may include a processor (not shown). In the case of replacing the Ethernet switch, the processor itself may include the functionality of the Ethernet switch 13.

[0156] The Ethernet switch 13 comprises a first Ethernet switch port 14 and a second Ethernet switch port 15. The Ethernet switch 13 is functionally coupled to the first network connector 3. In more detail, the Ethernet switch 13 (i.e. the first Ethernet switch port 14) is connected to the first network port 3 via a first galvanic isolation bridge device 11. The first galvanic isolation bridge device 11 ensures galvanic isolation of the Ethernet switch 13 from the first network connector 3 and vice versa, but forwards network signals in both directions.

[0157] Similarly, the Ethernet switch 13 is functionally coupled to the second network connector 4. In more detail, the Ethernet switch 13 (i.e. the second Ethernet switch port 15) is connected to the second network port 4 via a second galvanic isolation bridge device 12. The second galvanic isolation bridge device 12 ensures galvanic isolation of the Ethernet switch 13 from the second network connector 4 and vice versa, but forwards network signals in both directions.

[0158] In this exemplary embodiment, the first galvanic isolation bridge device 11 comprises a first magnetic transformer device and / or a first capacitive bridge device. Correspondingly, the second galvanic isolation bridge device 12 comprises a second magnetic transformer device and / or a second capacitive bridge device.

[0159] Optionally, the Ethernet switch 13 comprises a first Media Access Control (MAC) address for the first Ethernet switch port 14 (and thus for the first network connector 3) and a second MAC address for the second Ethernet switch port 15 (and thus for the second network connector 4).

[0160] The connector 16 of the node functional unit 10 can be used to connect the Ethernet switch 13 with the processor and / or microcontroller unit (MCU). The connector 16 can be a third port of the Ethernet switch 13 or connected to the port.

[0161] The node functional unit 10 allows the network interface 1 to constitute a node in the network. Specifically, the network interface 1 can be used in an Ethernet network with a daisy chain, for example in an operational technology network (OT network).

[0162] It also allows the network interface 1 to work as a node in two different networks. For example, the first network connector 3 can be connected to an external network (such as the Internet or a DMZ network), and at the same time the second network connector 4 can be connected to the OT network. The Ethernet switch 13 and / or the MCU connected thereto can handle the data exchange between the external network and the OT network.

[0163] The bypass unit 20 is configured to enable a direct bypass connection between the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 in certain circumstances. If enabled, the bypass connection directly transmits network signals from the first network connector 3 to the second network connector 4, and vice versa, without processing or modifying them. When the bypass connection is enabled, it bypasses the node function unit 10 of the network interface 1 or "shortcuts". Similarly, the first network cable connected to the first network connector 3 and the second network cable connected to the second network connector 4 will be replaced by one continuous network cable.

[0164] The bypass unit 20 includes a monostable switching unit 30 and a bistable switching unit 40 , which are directly connected to each other via a bypass conductive trace 21 formed in the PCB 2 in this example. Figure 3 Several individual bypass conductive traces 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d are shown.

[0165] The bypass unit 20 connects the first network connector 3 with the second network connector 4 via the monostable switching unit 30 and the bistable switching unit 40 , wherein the monostable switching unit 30 and the bistable switching unit are connected in series between the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 .

[0166] The monostable switching unit 30 is further directly connected to the first network connector 3. In this example, the monostable switching unit is connected to the first network connector 3 in parallel with the first galvanic isolating bridge device 11.

[0167] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the node functional unit 10 (ie, the first galvanic isolation bridge device 11 ) is directly connected to the first network connector 3 via a first conductive trace 5 formed in the PCB 2 . Figure 3 Several individual first conductive traces 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d are shown. A first branch trace 23 formed in the PCB 2 connects the monostable switching unit 30 with the first conductive trace 5 or directly with the first network connector 3. Figure 3 Several individual first branch traces 23a, 23b, 23c, 23sd are shown.

[0168] Similarly, the bistable switching unit 40 is also directly connected to the second network connector 4 in parallel with the second galvanic isolation bridge device 12 .

[0169] The node functional unit 10 , ie the second galvanic isolation bridge device 12 , is directly connected to the second network connector 4 via a second conductive trace 6 formed in the PCB 2 . Figure 3Several individual second conductive traces 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d are shown. A second branch trace 24 formed in the PCB 2 connects the bistable switching unit 40 with the second conductive trace 6 or directly with the second network connector 4. Figure 3 Several individual second branch traces 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d are shown.

[0170] Naturally, the number of individual traces may be the same for the first conductive traces 5, 5a to 5d, the second conductive traces 6, 6a to 6d, the bypass conductive traces 21, 21a to 21d, the first branch traces 23, 23a to 23d, and the second branch traces 24, 24a to 24d. The number may be referred to as the number of traces. For example, the number of traces may be 2, 4, or 8. The number of traces may correspond to N·2, where N is the number of pairs of network cables that may be connected to the first network connector 3 and / or the second network connector 4.

[0171] The bypass unit 20 further includes a switching input 41 for receiving a switching signal of a bistable switching unit 40. By applying a switching signal, the bistable switching unit 40 can switch between two stable states (a disconnected state and a connected state). In this regard, "bistable" may mean that the switching unit 40 changes its state only when a switching signal is applied. As long as the switching signal is not applied, the bistable switching unit 40 remains in the current state, regardless of whether the current state is a disconnected state or a connected state. The bistable switching unit 40 is also non-volatile. In other words, as long as the switching signal is not applied, the bistable switching unit 40 remains in the current state even in the event of a complete power failure.

[0172] The bistable switching unit 40 has a "configuration memory" as to whether it is in the disconnected state or in the connected state.

[0173] When the bistable switching unit 40 is in the Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the connection state shown, this bypasses the conductive track 21 and thus connects the monostable switching unit 30 directly to the second network connector 4 .

[0174] When the bistable switching unit 40 is in the Figure 2 In the disconnected state shown, it disconnects the bypass connection. In more detail, it then disconnects the bypass conductive trace 21 from the second network connector 4.

[0175] For example, a current pulse can be used as a switching signal to switch the bistable switching unit 40 between the connected state and the disconnected state. This allows switching between these states via the MCU in connection with the switching input 41. As a result, switching between the connected state and the disconnected state can be configured by software. As long as no new switching signal is applied, the bistable switching unit 40 will remain in the current state, regardless of whether it is the disconnected state or the connected state, even in the event of a complete power failure.

[0176] The bypass unit 20 further comprises a condition input terminal 31 for receiving a disconnection signal of the monostable switching unit 30 .

[0177] When the off signal is applied to the monostable switching unit 30, the switching unit 30 is in Figure 1 In the unstable state, the monostable switching unit 30 disables the bypass connection between the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4. In this embodiment, the monostable switching unit 30 disconnects the bypass conductive trace 21 from the first network connector 3 when it is in the unstable state.

[0178] When the disconnect signal is not applied to the monostable switching unit 30, for example during a power failure and / or during other types of failures of the node functional unit 10 (or at least a portion thereof), the monostable switching unit 30 is automatically in a stable state. The stable state is shown in FIG. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In its stable state, the monostable switching unit 30 connects the first connector 3 to the bypass conductive trace 21 and thus to the bistable switching unit 40. Assuming that the bistable switching unit 40 is in its connected state, the monostable switching unit 30 automatically enables the bypass connection between the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 when it is in the stable state. The bypass connection extends at least via the first branch traces 23, 23a to 23d, the monostable switching unit 30, the bypass conductive traces 21, 21a to 21d, the bistable switching unit 40, and the second branch traces 24, 24a to 24d.

[0179] The disconnect signal can be, for example, a simple power indication. If the power supply to the network interface 1 fails, the node functional unit 10 does not work. In this case, the Ethernet switch 13 cannot send data. In particular, it cannot forward received network signals sent to other nodes between the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4. If the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 are connected to the same network in a daisy-chain manner, then in this case, the network is interrupted at the location of the network interface 1. The bypass connection automatically enabled by the monostable switching unit 30 (assuming that the bistable switching unit 40 is in a connected state) solves this problem: the invalid node functional unit 10 is bypassed.

[0180] However, if the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 are connected to different networks, which should be kept separate (e.g. due to security / safety considerations), the bypass function can be reliably deactivated. To this end, the bistable switching unit 40 is in its open state, for example due to a corresponding switching signal. When the bistable switching unit 40 is in the open state, it prevents that a bypass connection can be enabled.

[0181] The additional bi-stable switch allows arbitrary switching between a first mode in which the auto-bypass function is activated (eg, as a daisy chain backup) and a second mode in which the auto-bypass function is deactivated.

[0182] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 and Figure 2 . In this example, the number of traces is four, the monostable switching unit 30 includes two monostable double-pole double-throw small-signal relays 32, 33 (referred to as monostable DPDT relays 32, 33), and the bistable switching unit 40 includes two bistable double-pole double-throw small-signal relays 42, 43 (referred to as bistable DPDT relays 42, 43).

[0183] Each of the DPDT relays 32 , 33 , 42 , 43 includes two relay terminals 36 , 46 and, for each relay terminal 36 , 46 , two corresponding relay connectors 34 a to 34 d , 35 , 44 a to 44 d , 45 .

[0184] Arrow 37 indicates that when the disconnect signal is no longer applied via the conditional input 31, the monostable DPDT relays 32, 33 automatically switch to Figure 3 Their respective stable states shown, and will automatically remain in the stable state when the disconnect signal is not (again) applied. In contrast, the bistable DPDT relays 42, 43 only change their state when a switching signal is applied via the switching input 41.

[0185] exist Figure 3 In the embodiment, the relay terminals 36 of the monostable DPDT relays 32 and 33 are connected in parallel with the first magnetic transmission device 11 to the first network connector 3 (the first magnetic transmission device is connected in parallel with the first network connector 3). Figure 3 Not shown, but in Figure 1 and Figure 2 For each relay terminal 36, one of the two corresponding relay connectors is connected to one of the bypass connection traces 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, and these relay connectors are called "bypass relay connectors" 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d; the other relay connectors are actually connected to one of the bypass connection traces 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d. Figure 3 is not used in and is referred to as the “dead relay connector” 35.

[0186] In the stable state, the monostable DPDT relays 32, 33 connect their relay terminals 36 to the bypass relay connectors 34a to 34d to enable the bypass connection. In the unstable state, the monostable DPDT relays 32, 33 connect their relay terminals 36 to the dead relay connector 35. This disables the bypass connection in any case.

[0187] The relay terminals 46 of the bistable DPDT relays 42 and 43 are connected to the second magnetic transmission device 12 (the second magnetic transmission device is Figure 3 Not shown, but in Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) is connected in parallel to the second network connector 4. For each relay terminal 46, one of the two corresponding relay connectors is connected to one of the bypass connection traces 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, and these relay connectors are called "bypass relay connectors" 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d; the other relay connectors are not used and are called "dead relay connectors" 45.

[0188] In the connected state, the bistable DPDT relays 42, 43 connect their relay terminals 46 with their bypass relay connectors 44a to 44d. The bypass connection can be enabled by the monostable switching unit 30 being in a stable state.

[0189] In the off state, the bistable DPDT relays 42, 43 connect their relay terminals 46 with their dead relay connectors 46. The bypass function is completely disabled, so that the monostable switching unit 30 is in a stable state and cannot enable the bypass function.

[0190] The connector 16, the signal input terminal 31 and / or the switching input terminal 41 may use a common hardware connector, such as a pin assembly or a female head pin socket (see Figure 6 ).

[0191] exist Figure 4 In the modified network interface 100 shown, the node functional unit 10 (ie, the first galvanic isolation bridge device 11 ) and the monostable switching unit 30 are connected in series to the first network connector 3 .

[0192] In case of complete power failure and / or failure of the node functional unit 10, the connection between the first network connector 3 and the node functional unit 10 (ie the first galvanic isolation bridge device 11) is not required. Therefore, the monostable switching unit 30 is allowed to disconnect such connection in its stable state.

[0193] besides, Figure 4 The network interface 100 shown in FIG. Figure 1 The network interface 1 shown in FIG. 1 is the same as the network interface 1 shown in FIG. 1 and uses the same reference numerals.

[0194] consider Figure 3 Combined with Figure 4 The modification omits the portion below the junction of the first conductive traces 5, 5a to 5d and the branch traces 23, 23a to 23d. Instead, Figure 3 The "dead relay contacts" 35 of the monostable DPDT relays 32, 33 in the embodiment are connected to the node functional unit 10, ie the first galvanic isolation bridge device 11. The modified PCB 102 is adjusted accordingly.

[0195] exist Figure 7 In the further modified network interface 300 shown, the node functional unit 10 (ie, the second galvanic isolation bridge device 12 ) and another (second) monostable switching unit 330 are connected in series to the second network connector 4 .

[0196] In case of complete power failure and / or failure of the node functional unit 10, the connection between the second network connector 4 and the node functional unit 10 (ie the second galvanic isolation bridge device 12) is not required. Therefore, the second monostable switching unit 330 is allowed to disconnect the connection in its stable state.

[0197] In this example, the bypass unit 20 comprises a second conditional input terminal 331 for receiving a disconnection signal of the second monostable switching unit 330. The conditional input terminal 331 of the second monostable switching unit 330 may be configured to receive the same disconnection signal as the conditional input terminal 31 of the (first) monostable switching unit 30. The second conditional input terminal 331 may be omitted, and the second monostable switching unit 330 may be connected to the connection input terminal 31.

[0198] Consider the basis Figure 7 Modifications combined Figure 3, the second monostable switching unit 330 may include two monostable DPDT relays arranged between the second network connector 4 and the node functional unit 10 (i.e., the second current isolation bridge 12). For example, one of those monostable DPDT relays may be used for TX, and the other may be used for RX. In summary, Figure 7 The bypass unit 20 in the embodiment may include four monostable DPDT relays, namely, two monostable DPDT relays of the (first) monostable switching unit 30 and two monostable DPDT relays of the second monostable switching unit 30, and two bistable DPDT relays (with Figure 3 Compared with the bistable DPDT relays 42 and 43 in FIG.

[0199] The modified PCB 302 is adjusted accordingly.

[0200] Figure 7 The modification shown in ensures that in case of a power failure and / or a failure of the node functional unit 10, the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 are disconnected from the node functional unit 10. In fact, the entire bypass unit 20 is disconnected from the node functional unit 10. The bypass unit is then connected only to the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4.

[0201] This avoids adverse loading of the Ethernet network when the bypass connection is active. Such loading could negatively affect the electrical signal when "fail-safe mode" is active.

[0202] besides, Figure 7 The network interface 300 shown in FIG. Figure 4 The network interface 100 shown in FIG. 1 is the same as the network interface 100 shown in FIG. 1 and uses the same reference numerals.

[0203] Figure 5 An automation controller module 200 is shown, which includes Figure 1 Network interface 1 or according to Figure 4 Most of the components are embedded inside the housing 201 of the automation controller module 200. However, the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 can be Figure 5 In this example, the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4 are both RJ-45 or GG-45 jacks.

[0204] The automation controller module 200 includes a plurality of input / output (I / O) connectors in addition to the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4. For example, it includes a plurality of digital I / O connectors 203. In this embodiment, the I / O connectors 203 are depicted as cable clamps.

[0205] The I / O connector 203 may be connected to sensors and / or operating components, such as actuators, valves, fans, compressors, fluid mixers, and / or the like. The automation controller module 200 is configured to provide control signals for controlling the operating components (e.g., via the I / O connector 203) based on information received from the I / O connector 203, the first network port 3, and / or the second network port 4.

[0206] The automation controller module 200 is configured to be mounted on a standardized rail 250 for mounting controller modules, such as a rail according to IEC / EN 60715. The housing 201 includes a mounting section 202 for mounting the automation controller module 200 on the rail 250. Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the controller module system 200 mounted on a rail 250 along a longitudinal cross-sectional plane is shown. In addition to the PCB 2 of the network interface 1, 100, the automation controller 200 also includes at least one further PCB 207 (actually two in the depicted embodiment). The at least one further PCB 207 includes a microcontroller unit 208. The at least one further PCB 207 and in particular the MCU 208 are connected to the network interface 1, 100. For example, the MCU 208 can apply a switching signal to the bistable switching unit 40, thereby allowing the network interface 1, 100 to be configured via software whether it is in the first mode or in the second mode. In addition, the MCU 208 is operatively connected to the Ethernet switch 13, so that data can be transmitted between the MCU 208 and the first network connector 3 and the second network connector 4.

[0207] Reference numerals list:

[0208] 1, 100, 300 network interfaces

[0209] 2.102,302 Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

[0210] 3 First network connector

[0211] 4 Second network connector

[0212] 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d first conductive trace

[0213] 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d second conductive trace

[0214] 10-node functional unit

[0215] 11 first current isolation bridge device 12 second current isolation bridge device 13 Ethernet switch

[0216] 14 First Ethernet switch port 15 Second Ethernet switch port 16 Connector

[0217] 20 Bypass unit

[0218] 21, 21a to 21d bypass conductive traces

[0219] 23, 23a to 23d First branch trace

[0220] 24, 24a to 24d Second branch trace

[0221] 30, 330 Monostable switching unit

[0222] 31, 331 Conditional input terminal

[0223] 32, 33 Monostable switching relay

[0224] 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d bypass relay connector

[0225] 35 Dead relay connector

[0226] 36 Relay terminals

[0227] 37 Arrow

[0228] 40 Bistable switching unit

[0229] 41 Switch input

[0230] 42, 43 Bistable relay

[0231] 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d bypass relay connector

[0232] 45 Dead relay connector

[0233] 46 Relay terminals

[0234] 200 Automation Controller Module

[0235] 201 Shell

[0236] 202 Installation section 202

[0237] 203 (Digital) I / O Connector

[0238] 207 Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

[0239] 208 Microcontroller Unit (MCU)

[0240] 250 Guide Rail

Claims

1. A network interface (1; 100; 300), including: A first network connector (3); a second network connector (4); and A connector-to-connector bypass unit (20); The bypass unit (20) comprises a monostable switching unit (30; 330), which is used to enable the bypass connection between the first network connector (3) and the second network connector (4) in a stable state and to disable the bypass connection in an unstable state; The bypass unit (20) is characterized in that it further comprises a bistable switching unit (40), wherein the bistable switching unit (40) disconnects the bypass connection in an off state.

2. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to claim 1, wherein: The bistable switching unit (40) comprises at least one bistable relay (42, 43).

3. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to claim 2, wherein: The at least one bistable relay (42, 43) is a double-pole double-throw bistable signal relay.

4. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The monostable switching unit (30; 330) comprises at least one monostable relay (32, 33).

5. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to claim 4, wherein: The at least one monostable relay (32, 33) is a double-pole double-throw monostable signal relay.

6. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The network interface (1; 100; 300) is configured to enable the bistable switching unit (40) to switch between the disconnected state and the connected state by an electrical switching signal, which allows the bypass connection to be enabled by the monostable switching unit (30; 330).

7. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The network interface (1; 100; 300) comprises an Ethernet switch (13) which is functionally connected to the first network connector (3) and the second network connector (4).

8. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The first network connector (3) comprises at least one of the following: RJ-45 connector (3), GG45 connector, RJ-11 connector, RJ-22 connector, RS-232 connector, and 10base-T1L connector.

9. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The second network connector (4) comprises at least one of the following: RJ-45 connector (4), GG45 connector, RJ-11 connector, RJ-22 connector, RS-232 connector, and 10base-T1L connector.

10. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The first network connector (3) and the second network connector (4) are of the same type.

11. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The network interface (1; 100; 300) comprises a first galvanic isolation bridge device (11) for the first network connector (3), wherein the first galvanic isolation bridge device (11) is connected to the first network connector (3) in the following manner: - connected in parallel with the monostable switching unit (30) to the first network connector, or - connected in series to the first network connector via the monostable switching unit (30).

12. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The network interface (1; 100; 300), wherein the bistable switching unit (40) is capable of switching between two stable states, namely the disconnected state and the connected state, and disconnects the bypass connection in the disconnected state and does not disconnect the bypass connection in the connected state, and / or The bypass connection is enabled only under the following conditions: - the bistable switching unit (40) is in its connected state and -At the same time the monostable switching unit (30; 330) is in its stable state.

13. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The monostable switching unit (30) and the bistable switching unit (40) are arranged in series.

14. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The network interface (1; 100; 300) comprises a second galvanic isolation bridge device (12) for the second network connector (4), wherein the second galvanic isolation bridge device (12) is connected to the second network connector (4) in the following manner: - connected in parallel with the bistable switching unit (40) to the second network connector, or - connected in series to the second network connector via a second monostable switching unit (330), wherein the second monostable switching unit (330) is connected in series between the second network connector (4) and the bistable switching unit (40).

15. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The network interface (1; 100; 300) comprises a printed circuit board (2; 102; 302), wherein at least the first network connector (3), the second network connector (4), the monostable switching unit (30; 330) and the bistable switching unit (40) are directly mounted on the printed circuit board (2).

16. The network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The network interface (1; 100; 300) comprises a connector (16, 31, 331, 41) for connecting to a microcontroller unit (208).

17. An automation controller (200) comprising a network interface (1; 100; 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, and - at least one additional I / O connector (203) and / or - A processor and / or microcontroller unit (208).

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