Seasonal frozen earth earthquake physical model material and preparation method and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of earthquake physical model materials, and relates to a seasonal frozen earth earthquake physical model material and a preparation method and an application method thereof. The model material comprises phase change paraffin and loess particles; wherein in terms of 100 parts by weight of the phase change paraffin, the loess particles account for 10-250 parts by weight. The invention has the following effects: (1) the phase-change paraffin is in a solid state when the temperature is lower than the melting point and is in a liquid state when the temperature is higher than the melting point, so that the sound wave physical property difference during freezing and melting of water in the seasonal frozen soil is simulated; (2) the sound wave speed range of the model material is 618m / s to 2300m / s, and the model material can simulate frozen soil zones with different speed characteristics; and (3) the model material prepared by the invention can respectively realize earthquake simulation acquisition in a frozen soil zone melting state and a cold ice state in a temperature-controllable water tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of seismic physical model materials, and specifically relates to a seismic physical model material for seasonal frozen soil, a preparation method thereof, and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Seismic physical simulation is a forward simulation that makes a physical model of the actual formation structure or geological body in a laboratory at a certain scale similarity ratio using corresponding materials and collects experimental data for field seismic exploration using ultrasonic testing methods. In order to make the physical simulation consistent with the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the actual geological structure and geological body, first, the parameters such as velocity, density, and attenuation of the physical model material must be in a certain proportional relationship with the parameters such as velocity, density, and attenuation of the actual formation. Usually, the scale factor is 1:1 or 1:2, which is the basic principle of similarity of seismic physical simulation technology.

[0003] In polar, subpolar regions and high mountains and plateaus in mid - low latitudes, under strong continental climate conditions, the temperature is extremely low, the precipitation is very small, there is no snow on the surface, and a frozen soil layer below 0°C containing ice is formed, which is called frozen soil. Seasonal frozen soil refers to the periodic freezing and thawing of frozen soil with the change of seasons. The soil layer freezes in winter and thaws completely in summer. Seasonal frozen soil zones are widely distributed in regions such as the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau in China. The acoustic wave velocity of pure water is about 1480 m / s, and the acoustic wave velocity of ice after freezing is about 3300 m / s, with the velocity changing by about 1 time. Usually, the seasonal frozen soil layer shows low acoustic wave velocity characteristics in summer and autumn due to ice melting and soil containing water, and shows high acoustic wave velocity characteristics in winter and spring due to water freezing and soil containing ice. When conducting plateau exploration with a near - surface seasonal frozen soil zone, with the change of seasons, the physical properties of the frozen soil layer have a great impact on seismic wave propagation. Therefore, when carrying out seismic physical simulation in plateau areas with seasonal frozen soil layers, first, a model material with the same physical property characteristics as the seasonal frozen soil layer must be realized, that is, with a low velocity in the melting state and a high velocity in the frozen state.

[0004] Industrial plates that can be applied to the production of seismic physical models include aluminum, resin plates, plexiglass, etc. By machining industrial plates, a more precise geometric structure can be obtained. The most commonly used formable materials for seismic physical models refer to mixtures of some liquid polymer materials and powder materials, which become solids by adding curing agents. Such model materials have good uniformity and plasticity and can conveniently produce physical models with complex structures. However, the existing model materials do not have the characteristic of changing with temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material, a preparation method thereof, and an application method. By mixing liquid phase change paraffin and loess particles, after curing, the model material can have significant acoustic velocity differences at different temperatures (less than or greater than the melting point of the phase change paraffin).

[0006] To achieve the above object, in the first aspect of the present invention, a seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material is provided, and the model material includes: phase change paraffin and loess particles;

[0007] Wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the phase change paraffin, the loess particles are 10 - 250 parts.

[0008] According to the present invention, preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the phase change paraffin, the loess particles are 50 - 200 parts.

[0009] According to the present invention, preferably, the phase change paraffin is paraffin with a melting point of 20°C to 50°C, preferably paraffin with a melting point of 32 - 38°C.

[0010] According to the present invention, preferably, the loess particles are loess particles without moisture, and preferably, the particle size of the loess particles is 70 - 100 mesh.

[0011] According to the present invention, preferably, the model material further includes hollow glass microspheres, and the density of the hollow glass microspheres is 0.3 g / cm 3 ~0.8 g / cm 3 Preferably, it is 0.4 g / cm 3 ~0.6 g / cm 3 .

[0012] Preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the phase change paraffin, the hollow glass microspheres are 1 - 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 - 60 parts by weight.

[0013] In the second aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material is provided, including the following steps:

[0014] Step S1: Preheat the phase change paraffin and the loess particles respectively to obtain the preheated phase change paraffin and the preheated loess particles, and then mix the preheated phase change paraffin and the preheated loess particles, and stir evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0015] Step S2: Pour the obtained mixture into a mold, then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust, and then carry out curing and demolding to obtain the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material.

[0016] According to the present invention, preferably, in step S1, the preheating conditions include: a temperature of 40 to 80 °C, preferably 50 to 70 °C, and a time of 10 to 40 h, preferably 20 to 30 h.

[0017] According to the present invention, preferably, the curing conditions include: a temperature of 10 to 30 °C and a time of 10 to 40 h, preferably 20 to 30 h.

[0018] According to the present invention, preferably, step S1 further includes preheating hollow glass microspheres to obtain preheated hollow glass microspheres, and then mixing the preheated hollow glass microspheres, preheated phase change paraffin, and preheated loess particles to obtain a mixture.

[0019] Preferably, the preheating conditions of the hollow glass microspheres include: a temperature of 40 to 80 °C, preferably 50 to 70 °C, and a time of 10 to 40 h, preferably 20 to 30 h.

[0020] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application method of the seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material described above or the seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material prepared by the preparation method described above in earthquake physical simulation, including the following steps:

[0021] After processing the seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material into models of various shapes, the surface of the model is sealed with epoxy resin, and then the model is placed in a controllable water bath for collection of earthquake simulation data.

[0022] Preferably, when the temperature in the water bath is set above the melting point of the phase change paraffin and the paraffin is in a completely melted state, simulation collection of the melting state of the frozen soil zone is performed.

[0023] Preferably, when the temperature in the water bath is set below the melting point of the phase change paraffin and the paraffin is in a solid state, simulation collection of the cold ice state of the frozen soil zone is performed.

[0024] The present invention provides a seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material, a preparation method, and an application method, having the following effects:

[0025] (1) By the fact that the phase change paraffin presents a solid state when the temperature is lower than the melting point and a liquid state when the temperature is higher than the melting point, the present invention simulates the acoustic property differences during the freezing and melting of water in seasonal frozen soil.

[0026] (2) The acoustic wave velocity range of the model material of the present invention is from 618 m / s to 2300 m / s, and it can simulate frozen soil zones with different velocity characteristics.

[0027] (3) The model material prepared by the present invention can respectively achieve earthquake simulation collection of the melting and cold ice states of the frozen soil zone in a controllable water bath.

[0028] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] By describing the exemplary embodiments of the present invention in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent. Among them, in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components.

[0030] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.

[0032] To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material, the model material comprising: phase change paraffin and loess particles;

[0033] Wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the phase change paraffin, the loess particles are 10 - 250 parts.

[0034] In the present invention, the present invention simulates the freezing and melting of water in seasonal frozen soil by the phase change paraffin presenting a solid state when the temperature is below the melting point and a liquid state when the temperature is above the melting point. The acoustic velocity of pure water is about 1480 m / s, and the acoustic velocity of ice after freezing is about 3300 m / s, with the velocity changing by about 1 time. The acoustic velocity of the phase change paraffin in the molten state is about 1300 m / s, and the acoustic velocity in the solid state is about 2700 m / s, with the velocity changing by about 1 time. The two are very close in terms of the velocity value and the degree of change. Therefore, the phase change paraffin can be used to simulate the phase state change and physical property change of water in the frozen soil layer. Mixing the liquid phase change paraffin and the loess particles and then curing can achieve significant acoustic velocity differences of the model material at different temperatures (less than or greater than the melting point of the phase change paraffin).

[0035] According to the present invention, preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the phase change paraffin, the loess particles are 50 - 200 parts.

[0036] According to the present invention, preferably, the phase change paraffin is paraffin with a melting point of 20°C to 50°C, preferably paraffin with a melting point of 32 - 38°C.

[0037] According to the present invention, preferably, the loess particles are loess particles without moisture, and preferably, the particle size of the loess particles is 70 - 100 mesh.

[0038] According to the present invention, preferably, the model material further comprises hollow glass microspheres, and the density of the hollow glass microspheres is 0.3 g / cm 3 ~0.8 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.4 g / cm 3 ~0.6 g / cm 3 .

[0039] In the present invention, by further adding hollow glass microspheres in different proportions to the composition, the simulatable speed range of the model material can be further expanded, which is used to simulate seasonal frozen soil layers with different speed characteristics, laying a foundation for the plateau exploration seismic physical simulation research with near-surface frozen soil zones.

[0040] Preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the phase change paraffin, the hollow glass microspheres are 1 - 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 - 60 parts by weight.

[0041] The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil seismic physical model material, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step S1: Preheat the phase change paraffin and the loess particles respectively to obtain the preheated phase change paraffin and the preheated loess particles, and then mix the preheated phase change paraffin and the preheated loess particles, and stir thoroughly and evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0043] Step S2: Pour the obtained mixture into a mold, then place it on a vibrating table for vibrating and exhausting air, and then carry out curing and demolding to obtain the seasonal frozen soil seismic physical model material.

[0044] According to the present invention, preferably, in step S1, the preheating conditions include: the temperature is 40 - 80 °C, preferably 50 - 70 °C, and the time is 10 - 40 h, preferably 20 - 30 h.

[0045] According to the present invention, preferably, the curing conditions include: the temperature is 10 - 30 °C, and the time is 10 - 40 h, preferably 20 - 30 h.

[0046] According to the present invention, preferably, step S1 further includes preheating the hollow glass microspheres to obtain the preheated hollow glass microspheres, and then mixing the preheated hollow glass microspheres, the preheated phase change paraffin and the preheated loess particles to obtain a mixture.

[0047] Preferably, the preheating conditions of the hollow glass microspheres include: the temperature is 40 - 80 °C, preferably 50 - 70 °C, and the time is 10 - 40 h, preferably 20 - 30 h.

[0048] The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for applying the seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material described above or the seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material prepared by the preparation method described above in earthquake physical simulation, including the following steps:

[0049] After processing the seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material into models of various shapes, seal the surface of the models with epoxy resin, and then put the models into a controllable temperature water tank for collecting earthquake simulation data.

[0050] Preferably, set the temperature in the water tank above the melting point of the phase change paraffin. When the paraffin is in a completely melted state, perform simulation acquisition of the melting state of the frozen soil zone.

[0051] Preferably, set the temperature in the water tank below the melting point of the phase change paraffin. When the paraffin is in a solid state, perform simulation acquisition of the cold ice state of the frozen soil zone.

[0052] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

[0053] The raw material information used in the embodiments of the present invention is as follows:

[0054] Phase change paraffin: Shanghai Xinguang Chemical Factory, melting point 35°C.

[0055] Loess particles: Suzhou Lanyuyue Information Technology Co., Ltd.

[0056] Hollow glass microspheres: Wuhan Fuxinyuan Technology Co., Ltd., density 0.5 g / cm 3 。

[0057] Example 1

[0058] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen ground earthquake physical model material in this embodiment is as Figure 1 shown, including the following steps:

[0059] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill and ball mill for 1 hour, and then screen out the loess fine powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0060] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin, 200 parts of loess fine powder, and 10 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60°C and preheat for 24 hours;

[0061] Material mixing: Mix the materials after the above preheating and stir evenly;

[0062] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0063] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for curing for 24 hours. After the paraffin is consolidated, demold and take out to complete the production of the model material.

[0064] The model materials were placed in an incubator at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials was measured using the ultrasonic transmission method. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and includes the following steps:

[0067] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill and ball mill them for 1 hour, then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0068] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin, 200 parts of fine loess powder, and 20 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60 °C and preheat for 24 hours;

[0069] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as described above and stir evenly;

[0070] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0071] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for curing for 24 hours. After the paraffin is consolidated, demold and take out, and the production of the model material is completed.

[0072] The model materials were placed in an incubator at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials was measured using the ultrasonic transmission method. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and includes the following steps:

[0075] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill and ball mill them for 1 hour, then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0076] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin, 200 parts of fine loess powder, and 30 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60 °C and preheat for 24 hours;

[0077] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as described above and stir evenly;

[0078] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0079] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for 24 hours of curing. After the paraffin wax solidifies, demold it to obtain the model material, thus completing the production of the model material.

[0080] Place the model materials in incubators at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and it includes the following steps:

[0083] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0084] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin wax, 200 parts of fine loess powder, and 40 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60 °C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0085] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as above and stir evenly;

[0086] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0087] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for 24 hours of curing. After the paraffin wax solidifies, demold it to obtain the model material, thus completing the production of the model material.

[0088] Place the model materials in incubators at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and it includes the following steps:

[0091] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0092] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin wax, 200 parts of fine loess powder, and 50 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60 °C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0093] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as above and stir evenly;

[0094] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0095] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for 24 hours of curing. After the paraffin wax solidifies, demold it to obtain the model material, thus completing the production of the model material.

[0096] Place the model materials in an incubator at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials using the ultrasonic transmission method. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0097] Example 6

[0098] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown and includes the following steps:

[0099] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0100] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin wax, 175 parts of fine loess powder, and 20 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60 °C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0101] Material mixing: Mix the above preheated materials and stir evenly;

[0102] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0103] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for 24 hours of curing. After the paraffin wax solidifies, demold it to obtain the model material, thus completing the production of the model material.

[0104] Place the model materials in an incubator at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials using the ultrasonic transmission method. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Example 7

[0106] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown and includes the following steps:

[0107] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0108] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin wax, 150 parts of fine loess powder, and 30 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60 °C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0109] Material mixing: Mix the above preheated materials and stir evenly;

[0110] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0111] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for 24 hours of curing. After the paraffin wax solidifies, demold it to obtain the model material, thus completing the production of the model material.

[0112] Place the model materials in incubators at 20°C and 50°C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Example 8

[0114] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and it includes the following steps:

[0115] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling and crushing for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0116] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin wax, 100 parts of fine loess powder, and 40 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60°C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0117] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as described above and stir evenly;

[0118] Vibration exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibration exhaust;

[0119] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for 24 hours of curing. After the paraffin wax solidifies, demold it to obtain the model material, thus completing the production of the model material.

[0120] Place the model materials in incubators at 20°C and 50°C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0121] Example 9

[0122] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and it includes the following steps:

[0123] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling and crushing for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0124] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin wax, 50 parts of fine loess powder, and 50 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60°C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0125] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as described above and stir evenly;

[0126] Vibrating exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibrating exhaust;

[0127] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for curing for 24 hours. After the paraffin solidifies, demold and take it out, and the production of the model material is completed.

[0128] Place the model materials in an incubator at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the sound wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0129] Example 10

[0130] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and includes the following steps:

[0131] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill and ball mill for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0132] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin and 200 parts of fine loess powder into an oven at 60 °C and preheat for 24 hours;

[0133] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as above and stir evenly;

[0134] Vibrating exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibrating exhaust;

[0135] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for curing for 24 hours. After the paraffin solidifies, demold and take it out, and the production of the model material is completed.

[0136] Place the model materials in an incubator at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the sound wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0137] Example 11

[0138] The preparation method of the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material in this example is as Figure 1 shown, and includes the following steps:

[0139] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill and ball mill for 1 hour, and then screen out the fine loess powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0140] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin, 200 parts of fine loess powder and 80 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60 °C and preheat for 24 hours;

[0141] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as above and stir evenly;

[0142] Vibrating exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibrating exhaust;

[0143] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for curing for 24 hours. After the paraffin solidifies, demold and take it out to complete the production of the model material.

[0144] Place the model materials in an incubator at 20°C and 50°C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0145] Comparative Example 1

[0146] The preparation method of the soil earthquake physical model material in this comparative example is as Figure 1 shown, and includes the following steps:

[0147] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling for 1 hour, and then screen out the loess fine powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0148] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin and 50 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60°C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0149] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as above and stir evenly;

[0150] Vibrating exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibrating exhaust;

[0151] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for curing for 24 hours. After the paraffin solidifies, demold and take it out to complete the production of the model material.

[0152] Place the model materials in an incubator at 20°C and 50°C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0153] Comparative Example 2

[0154] The preparation method of the soil earthquake physical model material in this comparative example is as Figure 1 shown, and includes the following steps:

[0155] Loess crushing and screening: Put the loess particles into a ball mill for ball milling for 1 hour, and then screen out the loess fine powder with particles smaller than 80 mesh;

[0156] Material preheating preparation: Put 100 parts of phase change paraffin, 300 parts of loess fine powder, and 50 parts of hollow glass microspheres into an oven at 60°C for preheating for 24 hours;

[0157] Material mixing: Mix the preheated materials as above and stir evenly;

[0158] Vibratory exhaust: Pour all the raw materials obtained in step 3 into the mold, and then place it on a vibrating table for vibratory exhaust;

[0159] Curing process: Place the mold at room temperature for curing for 24 hours. After the paraffin wax is consolidated, demold and take it out, and the production of the model material is completed.

[0160] Place the model materials in an incubator at 20 °C and 50 °C respectively, and use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure the acoustic wave velocity of the model materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0161] Table 1

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Examples 1-2, the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model materials obtained in the examples have significant differences in acoustic wave velocity. By adding different proportions of hollow glass microspheres to the composition, the velocity range of the model materials can be further expanded, and seasonal frozen soil layers with different velocity characteristics can be simulated. The model materials prepared by the present invention can respectively realize seismic simulation acquisition in the frozen soil zone during the melting and freezing states in a controllable water tank, and establish a model material and application basis for the seismic physical simulation research of plateau exploration with seasonal frozen soil zones.

[0165] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material, characterized in that: The model material comprises: phase change paraffin wax and loess particles; Wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the phase-change wax, the loess particles account for 10-250 parts.

2. The seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material according to claim 1, wherein: Based on 100 parts by weight of the phase-change paraffin wax, the loess particles account for 50-200 parts.

3. The seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material according to claim 1, wherein: The phase-change paraffin wax is a paraffin wax with a melting point of 20°C to 50°C, preferably a paraffin wax with a melting point of 32°C to 38°C.

4. The seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material according to claim 1, wherein: The loess particles are water-free loess particles. Preferably, the loess particles have a particle size of 70 to 100 meshes.

5. The seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The model material also includes hollow glass microspheres, the density of which is 0.3 g / cm 3 ~0.8g / cm 3 , preferably 0.4 g / cm 3 ~0.6g / cm 3 .

6. The seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material according to claim 5, wherein: Based on 100 parts by weight of the phase-change wax, the hollow glass microspheres are 1-100 parts by weight, preferably 5-60 parts by weight.

7. The method for preparing the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, preheating the phase change paraffin wax and the loess particles respectively to obtain the preheated phase change paraffin wax and the preheated loess particles, and then mixing the preheated phase change paraffin wax and the preheated loess particles, and stirring them sufficiently and evenly to obtain a mixture; Step S2, pouring the obtained mixture into a mold, then placing it on a vibration table for vibration exhaust, and then curing and demolding to obtain the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein: In step S1, the preheating conditions include: a temperature of 40 to 80°C, preferably 50 to 70°C, and a time of 10 to 40 hours, preferably 20 to 30 hours.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein: In step S2, the curing conditions include: a temperature of 10 to 30°C and a time of 10 to 40 hours, preferably 20 to 30 hours.

10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein: Step S1 also includes preheating the hollow glass microspheres to obtain preheated hollow glass microspheres, and then mixing the preheated hollow glass microspheres, the preheated phase change paraffin wax and the preheated loess particles to obtain a mixture.

11. The preparation method according to claim 10, wherein: The preheating conditions of the hollow glass microspheres include: a temperature of 40 to 80° C., preferably 50 to 70° C., and a preheating time of 10 to 40 hours, preferably 20 to 30 hours.

12. A method for using the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 11 in earthquake physical simulation, characterized in that: The steps include: After processing the seasonal frozen soil earthquake physical model material into models of various shapes, the surface of the model is sealed with epoxy resin, and then the model is placed in a temperature-controlled water tank to collect earthquake simulation data; Preferably, the temperature in the water tank is set to be above the melting point of the phase-change paraffin wax, and when the paraffin wax is completely melted, simulated collection of the thawing state of the permafrost zone is performed; Preferably, the temperature in the water tank is set below the melting point of the phase-change paraffin wax, and when the paraffin wax is in a solid state, simulated collection of the cold ice state of the permafrost zone is performed.

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