Lithium battery thermal runaway in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression visual testing device based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression visual testing device based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition. Comprising a metal high-pressure tank, an atmosphere device, a gas collecting device, a battery fixing support, a thermal runaway heating simulation device, a suppression experiment fire extinguishing device, an explosive force measuring device, a needling experiment device, a gas component monitoring device, a thermal radiation monitoring device, a central control system, an ignition device and an image recording system. According to the testing device, smoke does not need to be collected into other containers for explosion risk testing, in-situ fire suppression and explosion of needled, overcharged and overheated batteries can be carried out under simulation of a complex gas atmosphere, multi-dimensional signal collection can be carried out in the whole experiment process, visualization is achieved, and the testing device is specially used for lithium iron phosphate batteries and low-nickel ternary lithium batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to battery experimental equipment, and particularly to a device for detecting the thermal runaway fire and explosion risk degree and suppression effect of lithium-ion batteries under multi-dimensional signals and in-situ conditions, mainly for lithium iron phosphate batteries and low-nickel ternary lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] The existing device places a lithium battery in a space and applies an external environment to the battery, such as overcharging, over-discharging, local overheating, acupuncture, etc., to cause the battery to thermally runaway and burn or explode, so as to study the battery state after runaway under different factors. However, the main defects of the existing equipment are: (a) The equipment has a single use and cannot be compatible with combustion, explosion, and suppression experiments; (b) It is impossible to control the gas atmosphere, and the experimental environment has great limitations; (c) It is impossible to perform in-situ explosion risk detection. Most of the existing equipment collects the gas after thermal runaway into another container for explosion risk testing, and cannot measure the explosion risk and evolution law of the multi-component ejecta under the in-situ temperature, momentum, and concentration during the disturbance of battery thermal runaway; (d) The control level of the information acquisition equipment is relatively low; (e) The current experimental device only targets high-nickel lithium batteries and cannot target lithium iron phosphate batteries and low-nickel ternary lithium batteries. After these batteries thermally runaway, only smoke is produced, and ignition is required after the smoke is produced to achieve in-situ explosion, which cannot be achieved by the current equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a device for in-situ fire suppression and explosion testing of thermal runaway of lithium batteries, which does not require collecting the smoke into another container for explosion risk testing, and performs in-situ fire, fire suppression, and explosion of the battery after acupuncture, overheating, overcharging, and coupling of various triggering methods under the simulation of a complex gas atmosphere. The entire experimental process can perform multi-dimensional signal acquisition and achieve visualization.

[0004] To this end, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A visualization testing device for in-situ fire, explosion, and fire suppression of thermal runaway of lithium batteries based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition, including a metal high-pressure tank, an atmosphere device, a gas collection device, a battery fixing bracket, a thermal runaway heating simulation device, a suppression experiment fire extinguishing device, an explosion force measurement device, an acupuncture experiment device, a gas component monitoring device, a thermal radiation monitoring device, a central control system, an overcharging experiment device, an ignition device, and an image recording system;

[0005] A manhole is provided in front of the tank body of the metal high-pressure tank, an acupuncture experiment device installation hole is provided in the middle of the back of the tank body, a waste discharge port is provided at the bottom end of the tank body, and a gas collection device installation port is provided above the top of the tank body; in addition, an explosion-proof lighting lamp installation hole, a glass window, a wire passing hole, a suppression device pipeline installation hole, an atmosphere device pipeline hole, and a camera installation port are also provided on the tank body;

[0006] The battery fixing bracket is arranged inside the metal high-pressure tank. The battery fixing bracket is surrounded by a battery bracket bottom plate, a left fixing baffle, and a right fixing baffle. A copper heating plate is arranged inside the right fixing baffle for simulating battery overheating. The left side of the copper heating plate is the battery placement area, and the length of this area can be adjusted in size through a sliding plate. A columnar force sensor is arranged on the left side of the sliding plate for measuring the volume expansion force of the battery during the thermal runaway process. An electronic scale is arranged at the bottom of the battery fixing bracket for real-time measurement of the mass change of the battery during the thermal runaway process.

[0007] Preferably, as the above solution, the atmosphere device includes a high-pressure gas cylinder. The high-pressure gas cylinder is connected to a plurality of gas nozzles arranged inside the tank through a pipeline passing through the pipeline hole of the atmosphere device. All the gas nozzles are evenly distributed on the same horizontal plane, and a porous flow equalizing plate is jointly arranged above the gas nozzles for simulating the gas atmosphere;

[0008] The gas collection device is connected to the gas collection device installation port through a gas discharge pipe, and an explosion-proof axial flow fan is combined to discharge the gas outside the tank;

[0009] The thermal runaway heating simulation device heats the copper heating plate by controlling the temperature and the heating rate, so as to simulate the situation where the smoke generated during the thermal runaway process of the battery caused by local overheating ignites and causes a fire and explosion after ignition. A plurality of armored thermocouples are arranged in different positions around the battery and the battery to obtain the temperature change around the battery and the battery in real time;

[0010] The suppression experiment fire extinguishing device is connected to the fire extinguishing pipeline arranged inside the tank through a pipeline passing through the suppression device pipeline installation hole of the metal high-pressure tank, so as to inject a fire extinguishing medium into the tank, and can replace any different fire extinguishing medium including water agent, powder, gel or gas according to needs;

[0011] The explosion pressure measurement device includes at least three explosion force sensors arranged on the same vertical line inside the tank for measuring the explosion force at different positions during the combustion and explosion process of the battery;

[0012] The needle punching experiment device can perform a puncture experiment on the battery through the pressure needle punching experiment device installation hole of the metal high-pressure tank. The puncture force is provided by a servo electric push rod, and a force sensor is equipped for measuring and feedback the actual force value.

[0013] Further preferably, the gas component monitoring device is used for real-time monitoring of the gas component change inside the tank; the thermal radiation monitoring device is used for real-time monitoring of the thermal radiation parameters inside the tank; the ignition device is installed at any position inside the tank and uses electric ignition for ignition and explosion after the battery generates smoke during thermal runaway; the image recording system uses a high-frequency camera for recording the experimental process; the central control system is divided into measurement and control parts, measures and statistics the feedback values of each sensor, and controls the specific experimental parameters of each part;

[0014] For the overcharge experimental device, the charge and discharge cycler is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery inside the tank through a wire passing through the wire hole of the metal high-pressure tank, so as to simulate the situation where the flue gas generated during the thermal runaway process caused by overcharging or fast charging of the battery triggers a fire and explosion after ignition. A number of armored thermocouples are arranged at different positions around the battery and the battery to obtain the temperature changes around the battery and the battery in real time.

[0015] Further preferably, the metal high-pressure tank is welded by steel plates, and all the open flange positions are sealed and designed to withstand a pressure of 2.5 MPa.

[0016] Further preferably, the explosion-proof lighting fixture mounting holes are arranged on both sides of the manhole, the glass viewing windows are arranged above the left and right sides of the tank body, the wire holes are arranged below the left and right sides of the tank body, the suppression device pipeline mounting holes are arranged at the uppermost end of the back of the tank body, the atmosphere device pipeline holes are arranged at the lower part of the tank body, and the camera mounting ports are arranged on both sides of the top of the tank body.

[0017] Further preferably, the wire hole uses an aviation plug to lead out the wire harness, and the glass viewing window uses sapphire glass.

[0018] Further preferably, there are a total of four explosion-proof lighting fixtures, and two are installed at intervals above and below on both sides of the manhole.

[0019] Further preferably, on the left side of the columnar force sensor is a sensor fixing plate for fixing and clamping the columnar force sensor. The left fixing baffle is located on the left side of the sensor fixing plate. The left fixing baffle is provided with a threaded hole, and the right end of the screw abuts against the sliding plate, and the battery is clamped by tightening the screw.

[0020] Advantages of the present invention:

[0021] (1) It can be compatible with combustion experiments, suppression experiments or explosion experiments in the same tank. In the specific operation process, the thermal runaway of lithium batteries can be either the thermal runaway triggered by heating, pinpricking, overcharging alone, or the thermal runaway under the coupling of multiple triggering methods, with a wider range of applications;

[0022] (2) By simulating the gas composition and concentration during the experiment through the atmosphere device, it can truly simulate different environments according to the on-site situation, and the experimental results are more targeted and authentic;

[0023] (3) Multiple thermal runaway conditions can be applied, and the original temperature of the battery and the thermal runaway state of the battery under the condition of heating at a certain rate can be measured. It is not necessary to collect the gas after thermal runaway into other containers for detection, realizing in-situ thermal runaway monitoring of the battery, which is especially suitable for lithium iron phosphate batteries and low-nickel ternary lithium batteries;

[0024] (4) The combustion and explosion of lithium-ion batteries pose certain risks. The present invention abandons the traditional simple housing or structures that cannot withstand pressure, and uses a metal high-pressure tank that can withstand pressure to construct the experimental main environment, which has better airtight and pressure-bearing functions;

[0025] In summary, the present invention integrates an atmosphere device, a gas collection device, a battery fixing bracket, a thermal runaway heating simulation device, a suppression experiment fire extinguishing device, an explosion pressure measurement device, a needle puncture experiment device, a gas composition monitoring device, a thermal radiation monitoring device, a central control system, an overcharge experiment device, an electronic scale, etc. on a metal high-pressure tank, which can realize in-situ battery fire, fire suppression and explosion experiments, and perform real-time multi-dimensional signal acquisition during the whole experimental process to achieve visualization, and has important popularization significance for the research of lithium iron phosphate batteries and low-nickel ternary lithium batteries. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional view of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0028] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional view of the metal high-pressure tank Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional view of the metal high-pressure tank Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 5 is a composition diagram of the atmosphere device.

[0031] Figure 6 is a composition diagram of the battery fixing bracket.

[0032] Figure 7 is a composition diagram of the needle puncture experiment device.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1 metal high-pressure tank, 2 atmosphere device, 3 gas collection device, 4 battery fixing bracket, 5 thermal runaway heating simulation device, 6 suppression experiment fire extinguishing device, 7 explosion force measurement device, 8 needle puncture experiment device, 9 gas component monitoring device, 10 thermal radiation monitoring device, 11 central control system, 12 electronic scale, 13 battery; 1a manhole, 1b explosion-proof lighting fixture installation hole, 1c glass window, 1d wire threading hole, 1e suppression device pipeline installation hole, 1f needle puncture experiment device installation hole, 1g atmosphere device pipeline hole, 1h waste discharge port, 1j camera installation port, 1k gas collection device installation port; high-pressure gas cylinder 2a, several gas nozzles 2b, porous flow equalizing plate 2c; gas discharge pipe 3a; battery support bottom plate 4a, left fixing baffle 4b, right fixing baffle 4c, copper heating plate 4d, sliding plate 4e, columnar force sensor 4f, sensor fixing plate 4g, tightening screw 4h, servo electric push rod 8a, force sensor 8b. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The present invention will be further described below through implementation manners in combination with the drawings:

[0035] As Figures 1 - 7 shown, a visual test device for in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression of lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition mainly consists of a metal high-pressure tank 1, an atmosphere device 2, a gas collection device 3, a battery fixing bracket 4, a thermal runaway heating simulation device 5, a suppression experiment fire extinguishing device 6, an explosion force measurement device 7, a needle puncture experiment device 8, a gas component monitoring device 9, a thermal radiation monitoring device 10, a central control system 11, an ignition device and an image recording system.

[0036] A manhole 1a is provided in the front of the tank body of the metal high-pressure tank 1 as a manual maintenance and disassembly hole to facilitate personnel to enter and exit the tank body. A needle puncture experiment device installation hole 1f is provided in the middle of the back of the tank body for installing the needle puncture experiment device. A waste discharge port 1h is provided at the bottom end of the tank body for discharging waste from the tank body to facilitate cleaning of the tank body. A gas collection device installation port 1k is provided above the top of the tank body for connecting the gas collection device 3. In addition, an explosion-proof lighting fixture installation hole 1b is also provided on the tank body to illuminate the internal space to facilitate the image recording system to record the experimental process; the glass window 1c is preferably made of sapphire glass, which has stronger pressure resistance, temperature resistance, light transmission and other effects; the wire threading hole 1d is preferably led out by an aviation plug to ensure the airtightness of the equipment; the suppression device pipeline installation hole 1e is used for installing the suppression experiment fire extinguishing device 6; the atmosphere device pipeline hole 1g is used for installing the atmosphere device 2; the camera installation port 1j is used for installing the camera.

[0037] The atmosphere device 2 is used to simulate a gas atmosphere and mainly consists of a high-pressure gas cylinder 2a, several gas nozzles 2b, a porous flow equalizing plate 2c and pipelines. The high-pressure gas cylinder 2a provides a gas with a specific concentration, which is connected to several gas nozzles 2b arranged inside the tank through the pipeline passing through the pipeline hole 1g of the atmosphere device. All the gas nozzles 2b are evenly distributed on the same horizontal plane to ensure that the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 2a is evenly transported into the equipment and the gas around the experimental part is uniform; a porous flow equalizing plate 2c is jointly arranged above the gas nozzles 2b to further ensure the even transportation of the gas.

[0038] The gas collection device 3 is connected to the gas collection device installation port 1k through the gas discharge pipe 3a and is combined with an explosion-proof axial flow fan to discharge the gas outside the tank.

[0039] The battery fixing bracket 4 is mainly surrounded by a battery bracket bottom plate 4a, a left fixing baffle 4b and a right fixing baffle 4c. The battery fixing bracket 4 is arranged inside the metal high-pressure tank 1. A copper heating plate 4d is arranged inside the right fixing baffle 4c for simulating battery overheating. The left side of the copper heating plate 4d is the battery placement area, and the length of this area can be adjusted by a sliding plate 4e to adapt to the installation and clamping experiments of batteries with different length dimensions. A columnar force sensor 4f is arranged on the left side of the sliding plate 4e to measure the volume expansion force of the battery during the thermal runaway process. An electronic scale 12 is arranged at the bottom of the battery fixing bracket 4 to measure the mass change of the battery during the thermal runaway process in real time.

[0040] Specifically, the left side of the columnar force sensor 4f is a sensor fixing plate 4g for fixing and clamping the columnar force sensor 4f. The left fixing baffle 4b is located on the left side of the sensor fixing plate 4g. A threaded hole is arranged on the left fixing baffle 4b, and the right end of a screw rod 4h abuts against the sliding plate 4e, and the battery 13 is clamped by tightening the screw rod 4h. It can be that the columnar force sensor 4f is arranged in the middle, and the tightening screw rods 4h are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the columnar force sensor 4f.

[0041] The thermal runaway heating simulation device 5 heats the copper heating plate 4d by controlling the temperature and the heating rate, so as to simulate the situation where the smoke generated during the thermal runaway process of the battery caused by local overheating triggers a fire and an explosion after ignition. The thermal runaway heating simulation device 5 can not only control the temperature of the copper heating plate 4d, but also control the heating rate of the copper heating plate 4d to simulate the thermal runaway of the battery at different thermometer heating rates. A number of armored thermocouples are arranged at different positions around the battery and the battery to obtain the temperature change of the battery and around the battery in real time.

[0042] The suppression experiment fire extinguishing device 6 is connected to the fire extinguishing pipeline arranged in the tank through the suppression device pipeline installation hole 1e of the metal high-pressure tank 1 by a pipeline, so as to inject the fire extinguishing medium into the tank, and can replace any different fire extinguishing medium including water agent, powder, gel or gas as required; the end of the fire extinguishing pipeline is connected to a fire extinguishing nozzle for spraying the fire extinguishing medium.

[0043] The explosion force measuring device 7 includes at least three explosion force sensors (not shown in the figure) arranged on the same vertical line in the tank, which are used to measure the explosion force at different positions during the combustion explosion of the battery; the number of explosion force sensors can be increased according to the experimental needs.

[0044] The needle puncture experiment device 8 can perform a puncture experiment on the battery through the needle puncture experiment device installation hole 1f of the metal high-pressure tank 1. The servo electric push rod 8a provides the puncture force for the steel needle, and is equipped with a force sensor 8b for measuring and feedback the actual force value; the needle puncture experiment device is a common device in battery simulation experiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0045] The gas composition monitoring device 9 is used to monitor the change of the gas composition in the tank in real time. The gas includes but is not limited to CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and the data is collected by the gas composition sensor; the thermal radiation monitoring device 10 is used to monitor the thermal radiation parameters in the tank in real time, and the data is collected by the thermal radiation sensor; the ignition device is installed at any position in the tank and uses electric ignition to ignite and explode after the battery thermal runaway generates smoke; a high-frequency camera is used for the gas composition to record the experimental process; the central control system is divided into two parts: measurement and control, which measures and statistics the feedback values of each sensor and controls the specific experimental parameters of each part.

[0046] The overcharge experiment device connects the charge and discharge cycle tester to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery in the tank through the wire hole 1d of the metal high-pressure tank 1 by a wire, so as to simulate the situation that the smoke generated during the process of the battery being overcharged or fast-charged and triggering thermal runaway causes a fire and explosion after ignition. A number of armored thermocouples are arranged in different directions around the battery and the battery to obtain the temperature change around the battery and the battery in real time.

[0047] The metal high-pressure tank 1 is welded by steel plates, and all the open flange positions are sealed and the designed pressure bearing is 2.5 Mpa to complete the experiment in a closed environment. A pressure gauge is set on the metal high-pressure tank 1 to display the pressure in the tank.

[0048] Specifically, the explosion-proof lighting installation holes 1b are arranged on both sides of the manhole 1a, the glass viewing windows 1c are arranged above the left and right sides of the tank body, the wire threading holes 1d are arranged below the left and right sides of the tank body, the suppression device pipeline installation holes 1e are arranged at the uppermost end of the back of the tank body, the atmosphere device pipeline holes 1g are arranged at the lower part of the tank body, and the camera installation ports 1j are arranged on the left and right sides of the top of the tank body; there are a total of four explosion-proof lighting fixtures 1b, and two are installed at intervals above and below on both sides of the manhole 1a; however, it is not limited thereto.

[0049] This equipment can be compatible with three experiments: in-situ fire of lithium-ion batteries, in-situ fire suppression experiment of lithium-ion batteries, and in-situ explosion of lithium-ion batteries.

[0050] For the in-situ fire experiment of lithium-ion batteries, the experimental process is as follows: Simulate the external gas environment of the battery (simulate the gas atmosphere through the atmosphere device), the gas composition monitoring device and the thermal radiation monitoring device work, and the image recording system starts to work → Apply the battery thermal runaway condition (triggered separately or by multi-device coupling by the thermal runaway heating simulation device, the needle puncture experiment device, and the overcharge experiment device) → The battery shows phenomena such as smoking and jetting → The ignition device ignites → The battery catches fire and jets flames → Until the flames go out → Each device stops working, and the data of the central control system is automatically saved.

[0051] For the in-situ fire and its suppression experiment of lithium-ion batteries, the experimental process is as follows: Simulate the external gas environment of the battery (simulate the gas atmosphere through the atmosphere device), the gas composition monitoring device and the thermal radiation monitoring device work, and the image recording system starts to work → Apply the battery thermal runaway condition (triggered separately or by multi-device coupling by the thermal runaway heating simulation device, the needle puncture experiment device, and the overcharge experiment device) → The battery shows phenomena such as smoking and jetting → The ignition device ignites → The battery catches fire and jets flames → The suppression experiment fire extinguishing device works until the flames go out → Each device stops working, and the data of the central control system is automatically saved.

[0052] For the in-situ explosion experiment of lithium-ion batteries, the experimental process is as follows: Simulate the external gas environment of the battery (simulate the gas atmosphere through the atmosphere device), the gas composition monitoring device and the thermal radiation monitoring device work, and the image recording system starts to work → Apply the battery thermal runaway condition (provided by the thermal runaway heating simulation device and the needle puncture experiment device) → The battery shows phenomena such as smoking and jetting → The ignition device ignites and synchronously triggers the explosion force measurement device to work → The battery has an explosion and combustion phenomenon → Each device stops working, and the data of the central control system is automatically saved.

Claims

1. A visual test device for in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression of lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition, characterized in that: It includes a metal high-pressure tank (1), an atmosphere device (2), a gas collection device (3), a battery fixing bracket (4), a thermal runaway heating simulation device (5), a suppression experiment fire extinguishing device (6), an explosion pressure measurement device (7), a pinprick experiment device (8), a gas component monitoring device (9), a thermal radiation monitoring device (10), a central control system (11), an overcharge experiment device, an ignition device, and an image recording system; In front of the tank body of the metal high-pressure tank (1), there is a manhole (1a). In the middle of the back of the tank body, there is a pinprick experiment device installation hole (1f). At the bottom end of the tank body, there is a waste discharge port (1h). Above the top of the tank body, there is a gas collection device installation port (1k). In addition, on the tank body, there are also an explosion-proof lighting lamp installation hole (1b), a glass window (1c), a wire threading hole (1d), a suppression device pipeline installation hole (1e), an atmosphere device pipeline hole (1g), and a camera installation port (1j); The battery fixing bracket (4) is arranged inside the metal high-pressure tank (1). The battery fixing bracket (4) is surrounded by a battery bracket bottom plate (4a), a left fixing baffle (4b), and a right fixing baffle (4c). Inside the right fixing baffle (4c), there is a copper heating plate (4d) for simulating battery overheating. On the left side of the copper heating plate (4d) is the battery placement area, and the length of this area can be adjusted in size by a sliding plate (4e). On the left side of the sliding plate (4e), there is a columnar force sensor (4f) for measuring the battery volume expansion force during thermal runaway. At the bottom of the battery fixing bracket (4), there is an electronic scale (12) for real-time measurement of the mass change of the battery during thermal runaway.

2. The in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression visualization test device for thermal runaway of lithium batteries based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atmosphere device (2) includes a high-pressure gas cylinder (2a). The high-pressure gas cylinder (2a) is connected to a plurality of gas nozzles (2b) arranged inside the tank through a pipeline passing through the atmosphere device pipeline hole (1g). All the gas nozzles (2b) are evenly distributed on the same horizontal plane, and above the gas nozzles (2b), there is a porous flow equalizing plate (2c) for simulating the gas atmosphere; The gas collection device (3) is connected to the gas collection device installation port (1k) through a gas discharge pipe (3a), and an explosion-proof axial flow fan is combined to discharge the gas outside the tank; The thermal runaway heating simulation device (5) heats the copper heating plate (4d) by controlling the temperature and the heating rate, so as to simulate the situation where the smoke generated during the thermal runaway process caused by local overheating of the battery triggers a fire and an explosion after ignition. A number of armored thermocouples are arranged in different directions around the battery and the battery to obtain the temperature change around the battery and the battery in real time; The suppression experiment fire extinguishing device (6) is connected to the fire extinguishing pipeline arranged inside the tank through a pipeline passing through the suppression device pipeline installation hole (1e) of the metal high-pressure tank (1), so as to inject a fire extinguishing medium into the tank, and can replace any different fire extinguishing medium including water agent, powder, gel, or gas according to needs; The described acupuncture experiment device (8) can perform a puncture experiment on the battery by passing through the press needle experiment device installation hole (1f) of the metal high-pressure tank (1). The puncture force is provided by the servo electric push rod (8a), and a force sensor (8b) is equipped to measure and feedback the actual force value.

3. The visualization test device for in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression of lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The described gas component monitoring device (9) is used to monitor the change of gas components in the tank in real time; the thermal radiation monitoring device (10) is used to monitor the thermal radiation parameters in the tank in real time; the ignition device is installed at any position in the tank and uses electric ignition to ignite and explode after the battery thermal runaway generates smoke; the image recording system uses a high-frequency camera to record the experimental process; the central control system is divided into measurement and control parts, measures and statistics the feedback values of each sensor, and controls the specific experimental parameters of each part; For the described overcharge experiment device, the charge and discharge cycle tester is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery in the tank through the wire passing hole (1d) of the metal high-pressure tank (1) by a wire, so as to simulate the situation where the smoke generated during the process of the battery triggering thermal runaway due to overcharge or fast charge causes a fire and explosion after ignition. A number of armored thermocouples are arranged at different positions around the battery and the battery to obtain the temperature change around the battery and the battery in real time.

4. The visual test device for in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression of lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The described metal high-pressure tank (1) is welded by steel plates, and all the opening flange positions are sealed and designed to withstand a pressure of 2.5 MPa.

5. The visualization test device for in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression of lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The explosion-proof lighting lamp installation holes (1b) are arranged on both sides of the manhole (1a), the glass viewing windows (1c) are arranged above the left and right sides of the tank body, the wire passing holes (1d) are arranged below the left and right sides of the tank body, the suppression device pipeline installation holes (1e) are arranged at the uppermost end of the back of the tank body, the atmosphere device pipeline holes (1g) are arranged at the lower part of the tank body, and the camera installation ports (1j) are arranged on both sides of the top of the tank body.

6. The visual test device for in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression of lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wire passing hole (1d) uses an aviation plug to lead out the wire harness, and the glass viewing window (1c) uses sapphire glass.

7. The visual test device for in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression of lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are a total of four explosion-proof lighting lamps (1b), and two are installed at intervals above and below on both sides of the manhole (1a).

8. The in-situ fire, explosion and fire suppression visualization test device for lithium battery thermal runaway based on multi-dimensional signal acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that: On the left side of the column type force sensor (4f) is the sensor fixing plate (4g) for fixing and clamping the column type force sensor (4g). The left fixing baffle (4b) is located on the left side of the sensor fixing plate (4g). The left fixing baffle (4b) is provided with a threaded hole, and the right end of the screw rod (4h) abuts against the sliding plate (4e). The battery (13) is clamped by tightening the screw rod (4h).

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