Potato black shank prevention planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato black shank prevention planting method, and relates to the technical field of crop planting.The planting method comprises the specific steps that S100, seed potato pretreatment is conducted, specifically, seed potatoes which are complete, smooth in epidermis, normal in bud eyes and free of plant diseases and insect pests are selected; according to the method, the potato seeds are treated in a thermal treatment and plant extract and trace element mixed solution soaking mode, the disease resistance and growth vigor of the potato seeds are improved, the thermal treatment can effectively kill bacteria hidden on the surfaces of the potato seeds, and meanwhile, the synergistic effect of the plant extract and the trace elements can effectively kill the disease resistance of the potato seeds. According to the present invention, the potato seed can be provided with nutrients and natural disease-resistant substances so as to further enhance the resistance of the potato seed to the black shank, and in addition, the charcoal and organic fertilizer mixture introduced during the soil improvement operation not only improves the soil structure and improves the soil fertility, but also effectively reduces the pathogen content in the soil through the disinfection effect of the quick lime, and further improves the quality of the potato seed. And a healthy environment is created for the growth of the potatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a potato black shank disease prevention planting method. Background Art

[0002] As one of the most important food crops in the world, potato planting technology and disease prevention and control have always attracted much attention. In particular, black shank, as a common disease, poses a serious threat to potato yield and quality. Black shank is mainly caused by bacteria and can infect potato stems and tubers, resulting in stunted plant growth and reduced yield. In severe cases, it can even lead to potato crop failure in the entire planting area. Therefore, researching and developing effective potato black shank prevention planting technology is of great significance to ensuring the healthy development of the potato industry.

[0003] Traditional potato planting technology has many shortcomings in preventing black shank disease. On the one hand, traditional planting methods often rely on chemical pesticides for disease prevention and control, which not only increases planting costs, but may also have negative impacts on the environment and ecosystem. On the other hand, traditional planting methods often ignore the pretreatment of seed potatoes and soil improvement, resulting in insufficient disease resistance of seed potatoes and a soil environment that is not conducive to potato growth. In addition, traditional field management and maintenance techniques are relatively extensive and cannot meet the needs of potatoes at different growth stages, further exacerbating the occurrence and spread of diseases.

[0004] Therefore, developing a potato black shank prevention planting method can effectively reduce the occurrence of black shank and improve the quality and market competitiveness of potatoes. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a potato black shank prevention planting method, which includes seed potato pretreatment, soil improvement, precision sowing, field management and maintenance, key period pest and disease control, and harvesting and storage processing steps, wherein the seed potatoes need to be thermally treated and soaked in plant extracts and trace element solutions; soil improvement adopts crop rotation, biochar and organic fertilizer and quicklime disinfection; sowing needs to be determined according to ground temperature and soil conditions; field management focuses on soil moisture control, topdressing and soil cultivation; pest and disease control adopts immune inducers and a variety of monitoring methods; finally, after harvesting, they need to be aired, graded and stored in a cellar.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a potato black shank prevention planting method, the specific steps of the planting method are:

[0007] S100, seed potato pretreatment: select seed potatoes with complete tubers, smooth skin, normal buds and no pests and diseases, and perform heat treatment 10-15 days before sowing. After treatment, soak the seed potatoes in a mixed solution of plant extracts and trace elements for 15-20 minutes, remove them after soaking, rinse them with clean water and dry them;

[0008] S200, soil improvement operation: implement a 3-4 year crop rotation system to avoid continuous cropping, apply a mixture of biochar and organic fertilizer to the soil 1-2 weeks before sowing, spread quicklime to disinfect the soil, and perform shallow tillage of 10-15 cm;

[0009] S300, precision sowing: Sowing is carried out when the ground temperature at a depth of 10 cm is stable at 7-8°C and lasts for 3-5 days. Wide and narrow rows are used for planting. The planting density is determined according to the characteristics of potato varieties, soil fertility and climatic conditions. The sowing depth is 8-10 cm. After sowing, 5-6 cm of soil is covered and pressed down.

[0010] S400, field management and maintenance: install drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation system, control soil moisture according to different growth stages of potatoes, set up drainage channels, apply urea in the seedling stage, apply compound fertilizer in the bud stage, apply topdressing in the seedling stage and bud stage respectively, and carry out soil cultivation operation three times;

[0011] S500, pest and disease control during critical periods: spray plant immune inducers during the budding stage and the early stage of tuber expansion, set up monitoring points in the field, use sex traps, sweet and sour liquid traps and manual inspections to monitor pests and diseases, and issue early warnings and prevent and control in a timely manner when symptoms are found;

[0012] S600, harvesting and storage: harvest when the stems and leaves of the plant turn yellow, the tuber skin hardens and the navel detaches. Dry the tubers in the field after harvesting, remove the diseased and rotten tubers, and grade them by size. Clean and disinfect the storage cellar before putting the tubers in. During storage, control the temperature of the storage cellar at 2-4℃ and the humidity at 85%-90%, and check them regularly.

[0013] Furthermore, in the S100, the thermal treatment in the seed potato pretreatment is carried out, the temperature is kept constant at 35°C, the error is controlled at ±0.5°C, the humidity is maintained at 60%-70%, and the treatment time is 2-3 days.

[0014] Furthermore, the S100, a mixed solution used in seed potato pretreatment, comprises 10%-20% plant extract, 0.5%-1% trace elements, and the rest is clean water.

[0015] Furthermore, the S100, a plant extract in seed potato pretreatment, is obtained by mixing garlic and onion in a mass ratio of 1:2, adding clean water to soak for 24 hours and then filtering; the trace elements are sulfates corresponding to zinc, iron and manganese.

[0016] Furthermore, in the S200, the application amount of the biochar and organic fertilizer mixture in the soil improvement operation is 200-300 kg per mu, the ratio of biochar to organic fertilizer is 1:5-1:10, and the application amount of quicklime is 50-100 kg per mu.

[0017] Furthermore, in the S300, the planting density is determined according to the potato variety characteristics, soil fertility and climatic conditions in precision sowing, and the width of the row is 60-70 cm, the narrow row is 40-50 cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, in the S400, during field management and maintenance, the relative soil humidity is maintained at 60%-70% during the germination and seedling stages, and the relative soil humidity is maintained at 70%-80% during the tuber formation and swelling stages.

[0019] Furthermore, in the S400, in the topdressing stage of field management and maintenance, 5-10 kg of urea is applied per mu in the seedling stage, using the method of furrow application or hole application; in the budding stage, 15-20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu in combination with tillage and soil cultivation.

[0020] Furthermore, in the S400, the three soil-building operations in field management and maintenance are specifically as follows: the first soil-building is carried out after the seedlings emerge from the soil, with a thickness of 3-5 cm; the second soil-building is carried out during the budding period, with a thickness of 7-10 cm; the third soil-building is carried out at the early stage of tuber expansion, with a thickness of 5-7 cm.

[0021] Furthermore, the S500, the immune inducer used in the critical period of pest and disease control is oligosaccharide or protein elicitor, which is diluted 500-1000 times according to the product instructions; when spraying with a backpack sprayer, the nozzle is 30-40 cm away from the plant; when spraying with a drone, the spray flow rate is accurately adjusted according to the flight altitude and speed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the potato black shank prevention planting method has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention treats seed potatoes by thermal treatment and immersion in a mixed solution of plant extracts and trace elements, thereby improving the disease resistance and growth vitality of the seed potatoes. The thermal treatment can effectively kill pathogens hidden on the surface of the seed potatoes. At the same time, the synergistic effect of plant extracts and trace elements can provide nutrition and natural disease-resistant substances for the seed potatoes, further enhancing their resistance to black shank disease. In addition, the mixture of biochar and organic fertilizer introduced in the soil improvement operation not only improves the soil structure and increases soil fertility, but also effectively reduces the pathogen content in the soil through the disinfection effect of quicklime, creating a healthy environment for the growth of potatoes.

[0024] 2. The present invention can control soil moisture according to different growth stages of potatoes by installing a drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation system, thereby realizing the rational use of water resources and the stable control of the soil environment, providing good moisture conditions for the growth of potatoes. At the same time, by setting drainage channels and timely cultivating the soil, the occurrence of diseases caused by waterlogging in the field is effectively prevented. In terms of disease and insect pest control, the present invention uses plant immune inducers, sex traps, and sweet and vinegar liquid traps for comprehensive prevention and control, which not only improves the prevention and control effect, but also reduces the use of chemical pesticides and reduces environmental pollution. In addition, through regular inspections and early warning mechanisms, diseases and insect pests can be discovered and dealt with in a timely manner, avoiding the spread and spread of diseases, which not only improves the yield and quality of potatoes, but also achieves the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a potato planting method for preventing black shank disease. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation method, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0029] Embodiment 1:

[0030] Potato Planting in the Northern Arid Region

[0031] Seed potato pretreatment: At a potato planting base in Inner Mongolia, the sowing time is expected to be mid-May, and seed potato pretreatment began on April 1. The staff carefully selected Kexin No. 1 seed potatoes that met the standards. These seed potatoes have complete tubers, smooth skin, normal buds and no signs of pests and diseases. The selected seed potatoes were placed in a warehouse equipped with temperature and humidity control equipment for thermal treatment. The warehouse temperature was set to 35°C. The precise temperature control system ensured that the temperature error was always controlled within ±0.5°C, and the humidity was maintained at 65%. The treatment lasted for 2.5 days. After the thermal treatment, the mixed solution for soaking the seed potatoes was prepared.

[0032] According to the recipe, garlic and onion are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2, added with appropriate amount of clean water and soaked for 24 hours, then filtered to obtain plant extract, and then the mixed solution is prepared so that the plant extract accounts for 15% of the solution, trace elements (sulfates corresponding to zinc, iron, and manganese) account for 0.8%, and the rest is clean water. The heat-treated seed potatoes are placed in the mixed solution and soaked for 18 minutes. After soaking, the residual solution on the surface of the seed potatoes is carefully rinsed with clean water, and then the seed potatoes are placed in a well-ventilated place to dry.

[0033] Soil improvement operations: The planting base has long adopted a potato and corn rotation model. This year is the third year of the rotation cycle. On April 15, soil improvement work began. The staff first mixed the biochar and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1:8, and prepared 250 kg of the mixture per mu. At the same time, 75 kg of quicklime was evenly spread per mu of land. After fertilization, shallow tillage equipment was used to shallowly till the soil to a depth of 12 cm to allow biochar, organic fertilizer, quicklime and soil to be evenly mixed, improve soil structure and microbial environment, and reduce the number of pathogens.

[0034] Precision sowing: On May 10, it was measured that the ground temperature at a depth of 10 cm in the soil was stable at 7.5℃ and had lasted for 4 days, meeting the sowing conditions. The wide and narrow row planting method was adopted, with the wide row set to 65 cm, the narrow row set to 45 cm, and the plant spacing to 28 cm. Due to the medium fertility of the local soil and the characteristics of the Kexin No. 1 variety, such a planting density was determined to ensure sufficient growth space for the plants and make full use of land resources. When sowing, a seeder was used to sow the seed potatoes into the soil, and the sowing depth was strictly controlled at 9 cm. After sowing, 5.5 cm of soil was covered in time and pressed with a roller to ensure that the seed potatoes were in close contact with the soil, which was beneficial for the seed potatoes to absorb water and nutrients and increase the germination rate.

[0035] Field management and maintenance: A drip irrigation system is installed at the base to accurately control soil moisture. During the germination and seedling stages, the relative humidity of the soil is maintained at 65%. Watering is carried out regularly and quantitatively through the drip irrigation system every day to ensure that the soil moisture is appropriate. After the seedlings emerge from the soil, the first topdressing is carried out on May 20. 8 kg of urea is applied per mu by furrow application to provide sufficient nitrogen fertilizer for the growth of seedlings and promote the growth of stems and leaves.

[0036] As the potato growth enters the budding stage, the second soiling is carried out on June 15 with a thickness of 8 cm. At this time, combined with inter-tillage soiling, 18 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu to meet the plant's large demand for nutrients for budding and tuber formation. During the tuber formation and expansion period, the relative humidity of the soil is increased to 75%, and the amount and frequency of drip irrigation are increased. On July 1, at the early stage of tuber expansion, the third soiling is carried out with a thickness of 6 cm to create a good soil environment for tuber growth.

[0037] Pest and disease control during the critical period: During the budding period and the early stage of tuber expansion, that is, from June 15th to July 15th, spray oligosaccharides every 8 days. Dilute the oligosaccharides 800 times according to the product instructions and use a backpack sprayer for spraying. The nozzle should be 35 cm away from the plant to ensure that the agent evenly covers the plant surface.

[0038] A monitoring point is set up every 50 meters in the field, and one sex trap and one sweet and vinegar liquid trap are placed at each monitoring point. Special personnel are arranged to conduct manual inspections every day to carefully observe whether the plants have signs of diseases and pests. Once symptoms of diseases and pests are found, an early warning is immediately issued, and corresponding prevention and control measures are taken according to the type of diseases and pests. For example, if aphids are found, the natural enemy insects of aphid flies are released in time for biological control.

[0039] Harvesting and storage: In mid-September, when the stems and leaves of the plants turn yellow, the skin of the tubers hardens and the navel detaches, harvesting begins. The harvested potatoes are dried in the field for 2 days to reduce the surface moisture of the tubers. During the drying process, the staff carefully removes the diseased and rotten small tubers, and then grades them according to size.

[0040] Clean and disinfect the storage cellar in advance, and use formalin solution for fumigation. After disinfection, put the graded potatoes into the storage cellar. Use temperature and humidity control equipment to control the temperature of the storage cellar at 3°C ​​and the humidity at 88%. Check the storage cellar every 10 days to see if there are any abnormal conditions of potato rot or sprouting, clean up the problematic potatoes in time to ensure the storage quality of potatoes.

[0041] In summary, the implementation of this potato black shank prevention planting method in the northern arid areas has achieved remarkable results. The seed potato pretreatment stage uses thermal treatment and mixed solution immersion to enhance the disease resistance of the seed potatoes; soil improvement improves the soil environment and reduces pathogens; precise sowing is in line with local conditions to ensure seedling emergence, and field management accurately controls temperature and humidity, fertilizes and cultivates the soil at different stages to promote plant growth. Pest and disease control uses a variety of monitoring and prevention methods to reduce disease risks, and harvesting and storage processing are scientific and reasonable to reduce losses. Finally, this planting method effectively prevents black shank, improves potato yield and quality, and has good application prospects in the northern arid areas.

[0042] Embodiment 2:

[0043] Potato Planting in Southern Mountain Areas

[0044] Seed potato pretreatment: In a potato planting area in a mountainous area of ​​Hunan, sowing was planned in early March. On February 1, Favorita seed potatoes were selected. These seed potatoes met the requirements of being free of pests and diseases and having complete tubers. They were thermally treated in a temperature and humidity control box built indoors. The temperature was kept constant at 35°C and the humidity was maintained at 60% for 2 days.

[0045] When preparing the mixed solution, garlic and onion are mixed in proportion, soaked and filtered to obtain plant extract, so that the plant extract accounts for 10% of the solution, trace elements (zinc, iron, manganese sulfate) account for 0.5%, and the rest is water. The seed potatoes are soaked in the mixed solution for 15 minutes, washed and dried after soaking.

[0046] Soil improvement operation: A four-year crop rotation is implemented here, and the previous crop is soybean. On February 15, biochar and organic fertilizer were mixed in a ratio of 1:5, and 200 kg were applied per mu. At the same time, 50 kg of quicklime was spread per mu. Then a small tillage machine was used to perform 10 cm shallow tillage to fully mix the soil with the improver.

[0047] Precision sowing: On March 5, it was monitored that the ground temperature at a depth of 10 cm in the soil was stable at 7°C and had lasted for 3 days, so sowing began. Wide and narrow rows were used, with a wide row of 60 cm, a narrow row of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 25 cm. Taking into account the low fertility of the soil in the mountainous area and the characteristics of the Feureta variety, the planting density was determined, the sowing depth was 8 cm, and the soil was covered with 5 cm after sowing and pressed down.

[0048] Field management and maintenance: Install a sprinkler irrigation system to maintain the relative soil humidity at 60% during the germination and seedling stages. After the seedlings emerge, apply 5 kg of urea per hole per mu on March 15. During the budding stage, apply 15 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu on April 10 in combination with tillage and soiling. At the same time, carry out the second soiling with a thickness of 7 cm. During the tuber formation and swelling stage, increase the relative soil humidity to 70%. On April 25, carry out the third soiling at the early stage of tuber swelling with a thickness of 5 cm.

[0049] Pest and disease control during critical periods: During the budding period and the early stage of tuber expansion, i.e. April 10th to May 10th, spray the protein elicitor once every 7 days, dilute it 500 times, and use a drone for spraying. Adjust the spray flow rate according to the flight altitude and speed of the drone, set up 4 monitoring points in the field, use sex traps, sugar and vinegar liquid traps and manual inspections to monitor pests and diseases, and prevent and control them in time once they are found.

[0050] Harvest and storage: Harvest in early June when the plants reach maturity. Dry in the field for one day after harvesting. Remove diseased and rotten small tubers and grade them. Disinfect the storage cellar. After putting the tubers in, control the temperature at 2°C and the humidity at 85%. Check every 15 days to ensure the safety of potato storage.

[0051] In summary, the southern mountainous areas have achieved fruitful results by adopting this potato black shank prevention planting method. From seed potato pretreatment to harvesting and storage, all links are closely coordinated. Seed potato treatment improves seed potato vitality and disease resistance; crop rotation and soil improvement lay the foundation for potato growth; precise sowing adapts to the mountainous environment, and field management is carried out according to the growth needs of potatoes to ensure plant health. Pest and disease prevention measures are timely and effective to reduce losses. After harvest, reasonable drying, grading and storage are carried out to ensure the quality of potato tubers. This planting method has successfully reduced the occurrence of black shank, increased yield, and improved economic benefits in the southern mountainous areas, providing a scientific and feasible solution for potato planting in mountainous areas.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A potato black shank prevention planting method, characterized in that: The specific steps of this planting method are: S100, seed potato pretreatment: select seed potatoes with complete tubers, smooth skin, normal buds and no pests and diseases, and perform heat treatment 10-15 days before sowing. After treatment, soak the seed potatoes in a mixed solution of plant extracts and trace elements for 15-20 minutes, remove them after soaking, rinse them with clean water and dry them; S200, soil improvement operation: implement a 3-4 year crop rotation system to avoid continuous cropping, apply a mixture of biochar and organic fertilizer to the soil 1-2 weeks before sowing, spread quicklime to disinfect the soil, and perform shallow tillage of 10-15 cm; S300, precision sowing: Sowing is carried out when the ground temperature at a depth of 10 cm is stable at 7-8°C and lasts for 3-5 days. Wide and narrow rows are used for planting. The planting density is determined according to the characteristics of potato varieties, soil fertility and climatic conditions. The sowing depth is 8-10 cm. After sowing, 5-6 cm of soil is covered and pressed down. S400, field management and maintenance: install drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation system, control soil moisture according to different growth stages of potatoes, set up drainage channels, apply urea in the seedling stage, apply compound fertilizer in the bud stage, apply topdressing in the seedling stage and bud stage respectively, and carry out soil cultivation operation three times; S500, pest and disease control during critical periods: spray plant immune inducers during the budding stage and the early stage of tuber expansion, set up monitoring points in the field, use sex traps, sweet and sour liquid traps and manual inspections to monitor pests and diseases, and issue early warnings and prevent and control in a timely manner when symptoms are found; S600, harvesting and storage: harvest when the stems and leaves of the plant turn yellow, the tuber skin hardens and the navel detaches. Dry the tubers in the field after harvesting, remove the diseased and rotten tubers, and grade them by size. Clean and disinfect the storage cellar before putting the tubers in. During storage, control the temperature of the storage cellar at 2-4℃ and the humidity at 85%-90%, and check them regularly.

2. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S100, the temperature of the seed potato is kept constant at 35° C., the error is controlled at ±0.5° C., the humidity is maintained at 60%-70%, and the treatment time is 2-3 days.

3. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S100 is a mixed solution used in seed potato pretreatment, wherein the plant extract accounts for 10%-20%, the trace elements account for 0.5%-1%, and the rest is clean water.

4. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S100, a plant extract in seed potato pretreatment, is obtained by mixing garlic and onion in a mass ratio of 1:2, adding clean water to soak for 24 hours and then filtering; the trace elements are sulfates corresponding to zinc, iron and manganese.

5. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S200, in the soil improvement operation, the application amount of the biochar and organic fertilizer mixture is 200-300 kg per mu, the ratio of biochar to organic fertilizer is 1:5-1:10, and the application amount of quicklime is 50-100 kg per mu.

6. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S300 determines the planting density according to the potato variety characteristics, soil fertility and climatic conditions during precision sowing. The width of the row is 60-70 cm, the narrow row is 40-50 cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm.

7. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the S400, during field management and maintenance, the relative soil humidity is maintained at 60%-70% during the germination and seedling stages, and the relative soil humidity is maintained at 70%-80% during the tuber formation and expansion stages.

8. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the S400, in the topdressing stage of field management and maintenance, 5-10 kg of urea is applied per mu during the seedling stage, using the method of furrow application or hole application; during the budding stage, 15-20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu in combination with tillage and soil cultivation.

9. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three soil-building operations in the field management and maintenance in S400 are specifically as follows: the first soil-building is carried out after the seedlings emerge from the soil, with a soil-building thickness of 3-5 cm; the second soil-building is carried out during the budding period, with a soil-building thickness of 7-10 cm; the third soil-building is carried out at the early stage of tuber expansion, with a soil-building thickness of 5-7 cm.

10. A potato black shank prevention planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S500, the immune inducer used in the prevention and control of pests and diseases during the critical period, is an oligosaccharide or a protein elicitor, which is diluted 500-1000 times according to the product instructions; when spraying with a backpack sprayer, the nozzle is 30-40 cm away from the plant; when spraying with a drone, the spray flow rate is accurately adjusted according to the flight altitude and speed.

Images