Planetary detection system and method based on Uym muons

Abstract

The invention discloses a planetary detection system and method based on Uda muons. The planetary detection system comprises a muon generation system and a muon detector system. Wherein the muon generation system is used for controlling the position, the posture, the shape and the structure of a target material placed on the surface of a space or a star according to a muon generation demand sent by the outside, and the target material generates muons under the action of high-energy cosmic rays; and the muon detector system is used for collecting, analyzing and processing the muon signals to obtain parameters of the to-be-detected area and a visual image result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a planetary detection system and method based on cosmic muons, and in particular to a planetary detection method based on the generation of muons (muons) by nuclear reactions of cosmic rays in space, which is used for the detection and research of the surface and internal structure of a planet and belongs to the field of planetary detection technology. Background Art

[0002] Common methods of planetary exploration include satellite exploration, planetary rover exploration, surface object exploration, muon exploration, etc. Muons can be used to explore the internal structure and materials of planets, while other exploration methods mainly focus on the detection and analysis of materials on the surface of planets, and are limited by factors such as visual distance, lighting conditions, and the efficiency of the walking mechanism. Patent CN110065055B provides a method for grabbing and detecting samples on the surface of planets using grabbing technology, but there is also the problem of limited single-attachment sampling area and depth.

[0003] Based on the strong penetration ability of muons, it is possible to image the surface and internal structure of planets, and then analyze the geological structure and physical properties of planets, providing effective information for space activities such as planetary resource development. Reference 1 (Dou Wenqiang et al. "Design of Electronics Collection System of Plastic Scintillator Array Muon Detector for Deep Space Exploration." Spacecraft Environmental Engineering 002 (2022): 039.) proposed that cosmic ray muon imaging is expected to become an emerging deep space exploration method for studying the surface and internal material structure composition of Mars and asteroids. Reference 2 (Kedar, S., Tanaka, HKM, Naudet, CJ, Jones, CE, Plaut, JP, and Webb, FH: Muon radiography for exploration of Mars geology, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 157–164, https: / / doi.org / 10.5194 / gi-2-157-2013, 2013.) analyzed the feasibility of using cosmic ray muons to detect and image the geological structure of Mars. It introduced the advantages of muon detection, such as strong penetration, low power consumption, and small amount of data. It estimated that the atmospheric muon flux on the surface of Mars is greater than the muon flux at the sea level of the Earth. However, the atmosphere of Mars is thin, and there will be strong background signals brought by other particles. At the same time, there are muon signals that do not pass through the planet and come from the opposite direction. These signals need to be screened out during detection.

[0004] Muon detection research for planets such as Earth and Mars mainly focuses on the design of the detector system composition. However, due to the small amount of information in the detection results and the large background noise, the current muon detection research for extraterrestrial planets is still in the conceptual stage. Unlike the Earth, most planets have no atmosphere or only a thin atmosphere, especially asteroids. The muon flux on the surface of these planets is far less than that at the sea level of the Earth, making it difficult to perform muon imaging, and optimizing the detector system cannot solve the problem of too low muon flux. The muon flux on the surface of these stars is too low, and their own volume and mass are limited. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a planetary detection system and method based on cosmic muons, solves the problem of too low muon flux on the surface of stellar bodies, and is expected to realize planetary detection.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention discloses a detection system based on cosmic muons, including a muon generation system and a muon detector system; wherein:

[0008] The muon generation system controls the position, posture, shape and structure of the target material placed in space or on the surface of a star according to the muon generation demand sent externally. The target material generates muons under the action of high-energy cosmic rays.

[0009] The muon detector system is used to collect, analyze and process muons, and obtain the parameters of the area to be detected and the visual image results.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above system, the muon generation system includes a control module, a target material module, a power module and a communication module; wherein,

[0011] The communication module obtains the demand generated by the muon and exchanges information with the control module;

[0012] The control module analyzes, calculates and issues control instructions to the target material module and the power module according to the muon generation requirements;

[0013] The target material module adjusts the shape, size and stacking deformation of the target material according to the control instructions;

[0014] The power module adjusts the position and posture of the target material module according to the control instructions.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above system, the muon detector system includes a data collection module, a data processing module, an image generation module and a communication module; wherein,

[0016] The data collection module collects and preliminarily processes the muon information before and after the detection area;

[0017] The data processing module analyzes and processes the data collected by the data collection module to obtain analysis results, including muon flux, track, scattering angle and parameters of the area to be detected;

[0018] The image generation module combines the analysis results of the data processing module to image the detection area and generate visual image results;

[0019] The communication module is used for information exchange between the data collection module, the data processing module and the image generation module, and between the space-based equipment and the ground system.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above system, the target material module comprises a target material and an adjustment mechanism, wherein:

[0021] The target material is in solid, liquid or gaseous form;

[0022] The adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the shape, size and structure of the target material according to the control instructions.

[0023] Furthermore, in the above system, the data collection module includes a detection power control module and a muon detector; wherein:

[0024] Muon detectors, including Muon Detector A and Muon Detector B;

[0025] Muon detector B and muon detector A are located on both sides of the area to be detected;

[0026] Muon detector B, located between the area to be detected and the target material;

[0027] Muon detector B collects and preliminarily processes muon information before it passes through the area to be detected;

[0028] Muon detector A collects and preliminarily processes muon information after it passes through the area to be detected;

[0029] The detection power control module adjusts and controls the orbital position and attitude of Muon Probe A and Muon Probe B.

[0030] Furthermore, in the above system, the muon detector is a scintillator detector, a Cherenkov detector or a nuclear emulsion projection chamber.

[0031] Furthermore, in the above system, the muon scattering angle is specifically:

[0032] According to the muon detector B and the muon detector A, the muon track information is obtained;

[0033] According to the muon track information, the angle between the deflection direction of the muon passing through the area to be detected and the incident direction is obtained, which is the scattering angle.

[0034] Furthermore, in the above system, the parameters of the area to be detected are structure and material information of the area to be detected.

[0035] Furthermore, in the above system, the muon generation requirements include regional scope, location and output.

[0036] The present invention discloses a planet detection method based on cosmic muons, comprising:

[0037] According to the demand for muon generation sent from the outside, the position, posture, shape and structure of the target material are adjusted;

[0038] After collecting, analyzing and processing the muons before and after the area to be detected, the muon flux, track, scattering angle and visual image of the area to be detected are obtained;

[0039] Obtain the parameters of the area to be detected according to the muon flux, track, and scattering angle before and after the area to be detected;

[0040] According to the parameters of the area to be detected and the visualized image of the area to be detected, muon imaging and material analysis are performed on the area to be detected.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention and the prior art are:

[0042] (1) The present invention actively places target materials to react with high-energy cosmic rays to produce muons for planetary detection, thereby solving the problem that the muon flux on the surface of a planet with no atmosphere or only a thin atmosphere is low and difficult to use for imaging. The present invention can detect and study the surface and internal structure of a planet.

[0043] (2) The present invention can realize the detection of the surface and internal structure of a planet. Unlike satellite detection, planetary rover detection, and surface object detection, which mainly detect and analyze the surface materials of a planet, the method of the present invention can be used to detect the internal structure and materials of a planet. It is not limited by factors such as visual distance, lighting conditions, and the motion efficiency of the walking mechanism. The data generation rate is low, which is convenient for transmission and storage.

[0044] (3) The present invention can detect and image planets of different sizes and evolutionary stages through platform motion, multi-angle and multi-position imaging, etc., which is of great significance in improving the theory of planet formation, developing the design technology of star surface contact detection equipment, and evaluating the economic value of extraterrestrial material resources.

[0045] (4) The present invention is based on the nuclear reaction between high-energy cosmic rays and atomic nuclei in the target material to produce muons for planetary exploration. Considering that the flux of high-energy cosmic rays is lower than the outlet flux of large-scale proton accelerators on the ground and the low temperature environment of the cosmic background, the target material used can ignore the problem of environmental radiation generated by material activation and excessive heat generation leading to cracking of the target material, thereby reducing the requirements on the type of target material. It can be a high-Z material with a high nuclear reaction cross-section, or a target material formed by the accumulation of a large amount of low-Z materials, etc.

[0046] (5) Aiming at these stars whose surface muon flux is too low and whose volume and mass are limited, the present invention proposes a method for planetary exploration based on actively placing target materials and utilizing nuclear reactions between space cosmic rays and targets to generate muons. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the planet detection method based on the generation of muons by nuclear reactions of cosmic rays in space according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a block diagram of the planetary detection system based on cosmic muons of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the gas target in the space of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the adjustable shape and thickness of the multi-layer target material in the space of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of planetary exploration based on cosmic muons in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0053] The present invention discloses a detection system based on cosmic muons, including a muon generation system and a muon detector system; wherein:

[0054] The muon generation system controls the position, posture, shape and structure of the target material placed in space or on the surface of a star according to the muon generation demand sent externally. The target material generates muons under the action of high-energy cosmic rays.

[0055] The muon detector system is used to collect, analyze and process muons, and obtain the parameters of the area to be detected and the visual image results.

[0056] Preferably, the muon generation system comprises a control module, a target material module, a power module and a communication module; wherein,

[0057] The communication module obtains the demand generated by the muon and exchanges information with the control module;

[0058] The control module analyzes, calculates and issues control instructions to the target material module and the power module according to the muon generation requirements;

[0059] The target material module adjusts the shape, size and stacking deformation of the target material according to the control instructions;

[0060] The power module adjusts the position and posture of the target material module according to the control instructions.

[0061] Preferably, the muon detector system includes a data collection module, a data processing module, an image generation module and a communication module; wherein,

[0062] The data collection module collects and preliminarily processes the muon information before and after the detection area;

[0063] The data processing module analyzes and processes the data collected by the data collection module to obtain analysis results, including muon flux, track, scattering angle and parameters of the area to be detected;

[0064] The image generation module combines the analysis results of the data processing module to image the detection area and generate visual image results;

[0065] The communication module is used for information exchange between the data collection module, the data processing module and the image generation module, and between the space-based equipment and the ground system.

[0066] Preferably, the target material module comprises a target material and an adjustment mechanism, wherein:

[0067] The target material is in solid, liquid or gaseous form;

[0068] The adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the shape, size and structure of the target material according to the control instructions.

[0069] Preferably, the data collection module includes a detection power control module and a muon detector; wherein:

[0070] Muon detectors, including Muon Detector A and Muon Detector B;

[0071] Muon detector B and muon detector A are located on both sides of the area to be detected;

[0072] Muon detector B, located between the area to be detected and the target material;

[0073] Muon detector B collects and preliminarily processes muon information before it passes through the area to be detected;

[0074] Muon detector A collects and preliminarily processes muon information after it passes through the area to be detected;

[0075] The detection power control module adjusts and controls the orbital position and attitude of Muon Probe A and Muon Probe B.

[0076] Preferably, the muon detector is a scintillator detector, a Cherenkov detector or a nuclear emulsion projection chamber.

[0077] Preferably, the muon scattering angle is specifically:

[0078] According to the muon detector B and the muon detector A, the muon track information is obtained;

[0079] According to the muon track information, the angle between the deflection direction of the muon passing through the area to be detected and the incident direction is obtained, which is the scattering angle.

[0080] Preferably, the parameters of the area to be detected are the structure and material information of the area to be detected.

[0081] Preferably, muons generate requirements, including regional scope, location and production volume.

[0082] The present invention discloses a planet detection method based on cosmic muons, comprising:

[0083] According to the demand for muon generation sent from the outside, the position, posture, shape and structure of the target material are adjusted;

[0084] After collecting, analyzing and processing the muons before and after the area to be detected, the muon flux, track, scattering angle and visual image of the area to be detected are obtained;

[0085] Obtain the parameters of the area to be detected according to the muon flux, track, and scattering angle before and after the area to be detected;

[0086] According to the parameters of the area to be detected and the visualized image of the area to be detected, muon imaging and material analysis are performed on the area to be detected.

[0087] Example

[0088] The rest mass of a muon is about 200 times that of an electron, and it carries a unit charge. Muons are unstable particles with a half-life of 2.2 microseconds. Since Carl D. Anderson and Seth Neddermeyer discovered muons in 1936 while observing cosmic rays, muon science has made great progress. A large number of muons reach the sea level on Earth every day (about 10,000 muons per square meter per minute). These muons are produced by the decay of charged pions and K mesons generated by nuclear reactions between cosmic rays and atomic nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere. Muons have strong penetrability, and the flux of muons accounts for the vast majority of cosmic rays observed near the surface.

[0089] Cosmogenous muons refer to muons produced by nuclear reactions between high-energy cosmic rays and atomic nuclei from planetary atmospheres, which produce charged pions and K mesons, and then further decay. In addition to cosmogenous muons, they can also be produced by artificial particle accelerators. The basic principle is to use high-energy protons obtained by the accelerator to produce pions, and pions decay to produce muons.

[0090] There are two main types of interactions between muons and matter: one is electromagnetic interaction with electrons. Higher energy muons lose some energy and pass through matter, while lower energy muons lose all energy and are absorbed by matter. The other is multiple Coulomb scattering with atomic nuclei, which deflects the direction of movement. When muons pass through objects, they are accompanied by energy loss and multiple Coulomb scattering. Therefore, there are two imaging techniques for muon imaging: transmission imaging and scattering imaging.

[0091] Transmission imaging: Objects made of materials with different densities have different absorption abilities (stopping powers) for muons. By analyzing the change in the muon flux after passing through an object, the opacity of the object can be obtained. By analyzing the path length of the muon through the object in different directions, the density distribution inside the object can be obtained. Since the energy distribution of muons is extremely wide and muons have strong penetrating power, muon transmission imaging is mainly used in scenes that general X-rays cannot penetrate, such as imaging inside volcanoes, measuring the thickness above tunnels, and imaging the internal structure of pyramids. At present, muon imaging is also being tried for volcanic eruption prediction, tropical cyclone prediction, tsunami prediction, etc.

[0092] Scattering imaging: When charged muons pass through an object, they are deflected by the Coulomb electric field of the nuclei in the object. Each scattering will affect the movement path of the muon. Multiple scatterings will cause the deviation of the muon's movement direction. This effect is called multiple Coulomb scattering. The angle between the deflection direction and the muon's incident direction is called the scattering angle. The scattering angle distribution is near the mean value of 0°, which basically conforms to the Gaussian distribution. The root mean square can be expressed as:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, θ is the scattering angle, p and β are the momentum and relative velocity of the muon respectively, c is the speed of light, Q is the charge number, and X 0 is the radiation length of the material,

[0095] Among them, ρ is the density of the object, Z is the atomic number of the material, and A is the relative atomic mass. From the above two equations, it can be seen that the scattering angle is related to the radiation length that penetrates the material, and the radiation length is positively correlated with the atomic number of the material that penetrates. The higher the atomic number, the shorter the radiation length and the larger the scattering angle. In addition, the scattering angle is inversely proportional to the energy of the muon. When the lower the energy of the muon is, the larger the scattering angle is when it penetrates thicker materials. Unlike the backscattering imaging of rays, the scattering effect of muons is sensitive to elements with high atomic numbers. Muon scattering imaging has been applied to some customs and container inspections in the United States, and to the inspection of special materials for nuclear materials. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan caused damage to the first unit of the Fukushima nuclear power plant, and there was a possibility of nuclear leakage in the reactor. Several research teams in Japan and the United States successfully observed the position and shape of the core in the reactor in three months.

[0096] Muon detector: A muon detector is an instrument used to detect muon events, muon energy, and direction of movement. Common muon detectors include gas detectors, nuclear emulsion detectors, and scintillator detectors. The gas system of a gas detector is relatively complex, and it is difficult to maintain the long-term stability of the detector performance under changing temperature and pressure environments; the imaging system of a nuclear emulsion detector is non-real-time and can only measure the accumulation of incident muons over a period of time, and nuclear emulsion is a consumable that needs to be constantly replaced, and is not suitable for long-term measurements; plastic scintillator detectors have stable performance, flexible structural design, and rapid signal readout, which have natural advantages in the field of deep space exploration.

[0097] Principle of plastic scintillator detector: When cosmic ray muons penetrate the scintillator, the scintillator is stimulated to emit fluorescence; the light signal reaches the photomultiplier tubes at both ends of the scintillator through direct radiation and reflection, and is converted into electrical signal output by the photomultiplier tubes. The signal is read and collected based on the electronic system.

[0098] In addition to the reaction of high-energy cosmic rays with atomic nuclei in the atmosphere to produce muons, high-energy proton beams (more than hundreds of MeV) can also be produced by artificial accelerators to produce pions by hitting targets. pions decay in a very short time (~26ns) to produce muons.

[0099] Four muon beams have been built internationally, namely the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland, the Tri-University Meson Facility (TRIUMF) in Canada, ISIS in the UK and J-PARC in Japan. Currently under construction are the EMuS (Experimental Muon Source) in China, ROAN in South Korea and the SNS (Spallation Neutron Source) in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States.

[0100] The literature (Target optimization studies for surface muon production, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17, 034701, https: / / doi.org / 10.1103 / PhysRevSTAB.17.034701) shows that the commonly used target materials in artificial muon sources are low-Z, high-melting-point materials such as graphite and beryllium. An important consideration in choosing low-density materials is that there is no obvious interaction when the proton beam passes through the target material, avoiding heat and radiation activation problems.

[0101] In general, the larger the atomic number, the more protons and neutrons the nucleus has, and the larger the cross section of the reaction with high-energy protons to produce muons. However, in the application of ground-based muon source target materials, it is necessary to consider the problems of target material cracking due to heat generation and environmental radiation changes caused by activation. In outer space applications, there is no need to consider environmental radiation issues. At the same time, since the low temperature of the cosmic background and the cosmic ray particle flux are lower than the particle flux at the exit of ground-based artificial accelerators, there is no need to consider the heat dissipation of the target material. Therefore, in the selection of target materials, only two factors can be considered: the easy availability of the target material in space and the large cross section of the reaction with space cosmic rays to produce muons.

[0102] like Figure 1 As shown, the planet detection method based on the generation of muons by space cosmic ray nuclear reactions provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0103] 1) Place target materials outside the area to be detected (the area to be detected can be the surface structure of a planet or the entire planet), and high-energy cosmic rays react with the nuclei in the target materials to produce muons. The location of the target materials and the shape and size of the target materials should be such that the direction of movement of the generated muons covers the area to be detected.

[0104] 2) If Figure 5As shown, the detector system A is placed outside the area to be detected, and the muons generated in the previous step pass through the area to be detected to reach the detector system A. In order to remove the background effect or use the scattering imaging method, the detector system B can be placed before the generated muons enter the area to be detected to detect the scattering angles of the muons before and after penetrating the area to be detected.

[0105] 3) Compare and analyze the data acquisition results of detector systems A and B, and use a variety of reconstruction algorithms to obtain the structure and material information of the area to be detected. The first step of adjusting the target material position, orientation, shape and size parameters can be combined with the comparative analysis results. The reconstruction algorithm is the core and difficulty of muon imaging technology. The reconstruction algorithm can be track type, statistical type, fast imaging type or other new imaging algorithms.

[0106] Further analysis of the asteroid's internal structure can be done through multi-angle and multi-position imaging, that is, placing target materials and detectors at multiple locations.

[0107] In the above steps:

[0108] The target material can be placed in the space around the planet or on the surface of the planet;

[0109] The target material can be in solid, liquid or gaseous form, can be encapsulated in a container, or can be placed directly in space. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of gas materials packaged in a container, where a gas cylinder and a gas storage box are placed, and the amount of gas in the gas storage box is controlled by adjusting the gas cylinder, and the size of the gas storage box is adjustable;

[0110] The shape of the target material is fixed, or it can be retractable (liquid / gas) or foldable (solid), or part of the shape of the material is retractable or foldable. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of stacked solid target materials;

[0111] The target material can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, that is, the multi-layer target is separated by a space environment or mixed with other materials to bring benefits such as increased muon production;

[0112] The target material can be transported from the earth to space, or it can be obtained by mining stellar resources in space or directly using natural stellar bodies as target materials;

[0113] The detector system can be a multi-layer structure to achieve the purpose of obtaining the muon emission track;

[0114] Target materials and detectors can be placed in multiple locations simultaneously for multi-angle and multi-position detection and imaging;

[0115] The target material can be placed on a platform and equipped with power and control structures to achieve the adjustment of parameters such as space orbit and attitude.

[0116] The principle of the reconstruction algorithm is to measure the scattering information of multiple Coulomb scattering when the muon passes through the object, substitute it into a simple or complex physical model, and then use mathematical methods to solve the scattering density distribution of the object; the scattering density is closely related to the atomic number of the object, so as to reconstruct the internal structure and material information of the object. The track reconstruction algorithm uses a simple single-layer mean model to simplify the multiple Coulomb scattering process, and believes that the scattering is mainly contributed by one or several voxels, and relies on the track to find these voxels. Finally, a simple algorithm is used to back-project the measured total scattering information back to the voxel, and finally the reconstruction result is obtained. The track reconstruction algorithm mainly includes the PoCA algorithm and some algorithms improved on its basis. The statistical reconstruction algorithm uses a more complex multi-layer inhomogeneous model, which is closer to the real multiple Coulomb scattering process. The objective function is established for the entire reconstruction area by statistical methods, and then some mathematical optimization methods are used to iteratively solve, and finally the reconstruction result is obtained. The statistical reconstruction algorithm mainly includes the maximum likelihood algorithm (MLSD) and the maximum a posteriori algorithm (MAP) based on it, which adds a priori function as a penalty term.

[0117] In addition to track and statistical reconstruction algorithms, there are also some new fast imaging algorithms that add pattern recognition methods to the original scattering model, or use muon scattering combined with electron blocking information for imaging. The characteristics of this type of algorithm are fast and can complete the detection of target objects within minutes, but their application occasions are only to predict the next step of detection, and some do not even provide images.

[0118] The planetary detection system based on cosmic muon provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a muon production system and a detection imaging system;

[0119] The muon generation system includes: a control module, a target material module, a power module, a communication module, etc. The communication module obtains the muon generation demand, including the area range, location, output and other information, and the control module performs analysis and calculation and sends control instructions to the target material module and the power module. The target material module adjusts the shape, size and stacking deformation of the target material, and the power module controls the position and posture of the target material.

[0120] The detection imaging system includes: a data collection module, a data processing module, an image generation module, a communication module, etc.

[0121] The data collection module is used to collect muon data, including detectors, electronics modules, power modules, control modules, etc. The muon detector can be a scintillator detector, a Cherenkov detector, a nuclear latex projection room, etc. The power module and the control module are used to adjust and control the orbital position and attitude of the data collection module.

[0122] The data processing module is used to process and analyze the data collected by the detector, and process it in combination with the imaging principle. The imaging principle can be transmission imaging or scattering imaging. The data processing module can be in-situ information processing in space, or it can be related data transmission back to the ground, space station, etc. for processing.

[0123] The image generation module is used to generate visual image results, combine the analysis results of the data processing module to image the area to be detected, and display it at the relevant application site.

[0124] In outer space, for planets with no atmosphere or only a thin atmosphere, muons are obtained by actively placing material in space to undergo nuclear reactions with high-energy cosmic rays for planetary detection.

[0125] The muon flux obtained by nuclear reactions between material and high-energy cosmic rays in space is sufficient to detect the internal structure and materials of the planet.

[0126] Muons produced by nuclear reactions between material and high-energy cosmic rays in space can be detected by muon detectors.

[0127] The material can be a gas (such as Figure 3 As shown, an adjustable gas cylinder and a gas storage box are placed, and the amount of gas in the gas storage box is controlled by adjusting the gas cylinder. The size of the gas storage box is adjustable, and the generated muons cover the detection area). It can also be solid, liquid, etc. The type, thickness, shape, etc. of the material placed to react with the high-energy cosmic rays can be adjusted to actively control the flux and distribution of the generated muons, such as Figure 2 As shown, the thickness of the multi-layer material, the position of each layer, etc. can be adjusted to control the flux and distribution of the generated muons (not limited to this arrangement).

[0128] The material can be transported from the earth or recycled from space, it can be waste spacecraft or materials mined and processed from planets.

[0129] The material and muon detectors can be used to increase the power unit or can be moved to other locations by the power unit for reuse.

[0130] Multiple material and muon detectors can be used to perform multi-angle and multi-position detection and imaging at the same time.

[0131] Material materials can be placed on the planetary surface or in the space around the planet.

[0132] The muon detector can be placed on the planetary surface or in the space around the planet.

[0133] The muon detector can be a scintillation detector, a Cherenkov detector, a nuclear emulsion projection chamber, etc.

[0134] The imaging principle can be transmission imaging or scattering imaging.

[0135] Through muon detection imaging, information such as the planetary geological structure and material types can be obtained, providing information support for planetary probe landing, excavation, and the development and utilization of planetary natural structures, and contributing to the development of surface contact detection equipment design technology and the evaluation of the economic value of extraterrestrial material resources.

[0136] It is possible to detect and image planets of different scales, which is of great significance for improving the theory of planet formation.

[0137] In this embodiment, taking the muon detection imaging of an asteroid as an example, the following is an illustration:

[0138] Place material materials and muon detectors in the space outside the asteroid to be measured. High-energy cosmic rays undergo nuclear reactions with atomic nuclei in the material materials to obtain muons. The muons lose energy during the process of penetrating the asteroid. Compared with the blank control group on the right, the number of particles entering the muon detector becomes smaller. Analyze the asteroid material materials based on the final muon count on the detector.

[0139] Through multi-angle and multi-position imaging, the internal structure of the asteroid can be further analyzed. Muon detectors can also be placed on both sides of the asteroid to detect the scattering angles of muons before and after penetrating the asteroid, and then perform scattering imaging of the asteroid.

[0140] Since cosmic ray ions also generate signals after entering the detector, it is necessary to pay attention to eliminating the signal interference of cosmic ray ions in the detector signals. The method in Document 1 can be used for reference to eliminate the interference signal noise.

[0141] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be recognized that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After those skilled in the art have read the above content, various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will be obvious. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

[0142] The content not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to the well-known technology of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A detection system based on cosmic muons, characterized in that: It includes a muon production system and a muon detector system; among them, The muon generation system controls the position, posture, shape and structure of the target material placed in space or on the surface of a star according to the muon generation demand sent externally. The target material generates muons under the action of high-energy cosmic rays. The muon detector system is used to collect, analyze and process muons, and obtain the parameters of the area to be detected and the visual image results.

2. The cosmic muon detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The muon generation system includes a control module, a target material module, a power module and a communication module; wherein, The communication module obtains the demand generated by the muon and exchanges information with the control module; The control module analyzes, calculates and issues control instructions to the target material module and the power module according to the muon generation requirements; The target material module adjusts the shape, size and stacking deformation of the target material according to the control instructions; The power module adjusts the position and posture of the target material module according to the control instructions.

3. The cosmic-muon detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The muon detector system includes a data collection module, a data processing module, an image generation module and a communication module; wherein, The data collection module collects and preliminarily processes the muon information before and after the detection area; The data processing module analyzes and processes the data collected by the data collection module to obtain analysis results, including muon flux, track, scattering angle and parameters of the area to be detected; The image generation module combines the analysis results of the data processing module to image the detection area and generate visual image results; The communication module is used for information exchange between the data collection module, the data processing module and the image generation module, and between the space-based equipment and the ground system.

4. The cosmic muon detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The target material module comprises a target material and an adjustment mechanism, wherein: The target material is in solid, liquid or gaseous form; The adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the shape, size and structure of the target material according to the control instructions.

5. The cosmic-muon based detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data collection module includes a detection power control module and a muon detector; wherein: Muon detectors, including Muon Detector A and Muon Detector B; Muon detector B and muon detector A are located on both sides of the area to be detected; Muon detector B, located between the area to be detected and the target material; Muon detector B collects and preliminarily processes muon information before it passes through the area to be detected; Muon detector A collects and preliminarily processes muon information after it passes through the area to be detected; The detection power control module adjusts and controls the orbital position and attitude of Muon Probe A and Muon Probe B.

6. The cosmic-muon based detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The muon detector is a scintillator detector, a Cherenkov detector or a nuclear latex projection chamber.

7. The cosmic muon detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The muon scattering angle is specifically: According to the muon detector B and the muon detector A, the muon track information is obtained; According to the muon track information, the angle between the deflection direction of the muon passing through the area to be detected and the incident direction is obtained, which is the scattering angle.

8. The cosmic muon detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The parameters of the area to be detected are the structure and material information of the area to be detected.

9. The cosmic muon detection system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The muon generation requirements include regional scope, location and output.

10. A planetary detection method based on cosmic muons, characterized in that: include: According to the demand for muon generation sent from the outside, the position, posture, shape and structure of the target material are adjusted; After collecting, analyzing and processing the muons before and after the area to be detected, the muon flux, track, scattering angle and visual image of the area to be detected are obtained; Obtain the parameters of the area to be detected according to the muon flux, track, and scattering angle before and after the area to be detected; According to the parameters of the area to be detected and the visualized image of the area to be detected, muon imaging and material analysis are performed on the area to be detected.

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