Liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of spherical tank protection, in particular to a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure and a design method thereof.The liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure comprises a tank body protection cover used for protecting a tank body, and the tank body protection cover comprises an anti-impact layer making contact with the tank body and an energy absorption layer arranged on the anti-impact layer; the anti-impact layer comprises a grating and ceramic chips arranged in a plurality of unit grids of the grating. By applying the protection structure, the tank body is protected by adopting the tank body protection cover comprising the anti-impact layer and the energy absorption layer, and the anti-impact layer comprises the grid and the ceramic chips arranged in the plurality of unit grids of the grid, so that the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively ensured in practical application, the service life of the spherical tank is prolonged, and the service life of the spherical tank is prolonged. The anti-impact spherical tank has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, simple in structure, high in safety and capable of saving cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of spherical tank protection, and in particular to a composite protection structure of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a thin-shell structure, liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks have many advantages such as large capacity, low cost, and good stability, so they are widely used in petrochemical enterprises and chemical parks. However, under the impact of combustible vapor cloud explosion or splash, thin-walled steel storage tanks are very likely to produce large plastic deformation or penetration damage, which will lead to leakage of internal combustible materials, secondary explosions, and even chain domino effects.

[0003] At present, the existing relevant standards and specifications at home and abroad have not proposed effective measures for explosion and impact protection of the spherical tank body. Therefore, the more common method for protecting the spherical tank is usually to build masonry walls or set up concrete guard plates to put the spherical tank in a safe environment to ensure the safety of the spherical tank. However, these methods can only be applied to some small spherical tanks, but are difficult to apply to large-sized and high-pressure spherical tanks. They also have the disadvantages of complex implementation and high cost. Even in some cases where the application site is limited, the above methods cannot be applied to protect the spherical tank.

[0004] Specifically, for example, patent application CN212178515U discloses a storage tank device. On the one hand, the thermal insulation medium filled in the airtight protective cavity surrounded by the tank body, concrete retaining wall, protective top cover and ground is used to achieve thermal insulation between the tank body and the outside world, preventing the external heat from being directly transferred to the tank body, thereby effectively preventing the risk of explosion and fire of the storage tank caused by the vaporization and expansion of the liquid material due to heat; on the other hand, the tank body is placed in an airtight protective cavity surrounded by the concrete retaining wall, protective top cover and ground, and is sealed off from the outside world to prevent the tank body from being directly exposed to the open air. The concrete retaining wall and protective top cover are used to prevent the tank body from being damaged by nearby heat sources, explosion shock waves, splashing objects or other sudden damages, thereby ensuring the safe storage of liquefied hydrocarbon materials, thereby reducing the safety hazards in the storage and transportation tank areas of petrochemical enterprises.

[0005] In addition, most of the current protective structures for spherical tanks only consider the situation of fragment penetration, but do not consider the situation of large splashes generated by the explosion source. However, the petrochemical accidents that have occurred so far have shown that the explosion process will produce splashes with a mass of hundreds of kilograms and thrown dozens of meters away.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and a design method thereof to comprehensively improve the anti-explosion and anti-impact protection performance of the spherical tank and meet the application needs of different scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art of protection of spherical tanks, especially the protection of large liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks, such as the lack of effective and easy-to-implement protection structure and the inability to effectively protect large splashes, and to provide a composite protection structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank and a design method thereof.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the protective structure comprising:

[0009] The tank body protective cover is used to protect the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes an impact-resistant layer in contact with the tank body and an energy-absorbing layer arranged on the impact-resistant layer. The impact-resistant layer includes a grille and ceramic sheets arranged in a plurality of unit grids of the grille.

[0010] Preferably, the surface of the ceramic sheet disposed in the unit grid is coated with fibers.

[0011] Preferably, the types of fibers include basalt fibers, glass fibers and carbon fibers; and the types of ceramic sheets include alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics and titanium diboride ceramics.

[0012] Preferably, the vertical bars h of the grille 1 The thickness is 0.5-1.5cm, the horizontal stripe c 1 The thickness is 0.2-0.8cm.

[0013] Preferably, the unit grid is a square, and the side length r of the square unit grid is 1 4-5cm.

[0014] Preferably, one or both sides of the grid provided with the ceramic sheet are coated with a polyurea layer.

[0015] Preferably, the energy absorbing layer is made of energy absorbing material, and the energy absorbing material includes porous foam material, honeycomb structure and superelastic material.

[0016] Preferably, the porous foam material comprises polyurethane foam and foamed aluminum.

[0017] Preferably, the energy absorbing layer comprises multiple layers arranged in a gradient, and the density and / or platform stress of each layer decreases successively from the inside to the outside.

[0018] Preferably, the surface of the energy absorbing layer is coated with a fireproof and heat insulating layer.

[0019] The second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a composite protective structure of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, which is applied to the composite protective structure of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. The design method comprises:

[0020] According to the installation location of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the risk faced by it is quantitatively evaluated based on the TNO multi-energy method to obtain a quantitative evaluation result, which includes the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave to which the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is subjected, the mass and speed of the splashing material, and the fire risk level;

[0021] A composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is designed based on the quantitative evaluation results.

[0022] Preferably, the quantitative assessment of the risks faced by the enterprise based on the TNO multi-energy method specifically includes:

[0023] Identify potential explosion sources and explosion receptors in each structure or tank area, determine the volume of obstacles within the explosion source and the effective volume of the area obstructed by the explosion source, model each potential explosion source, and evaluate the impact of explosion shock wave overpressure and splashes on liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks.

[0024] Preferably, the designing of the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0025] The thickness of the impact-resistant layer is determined by numerical simulation according to the mass and velocity of the splashing material;

[0026] According to the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave, the explosion shock wave calculation formula is used to convert the peak incident overpressure and duration of the shock wave into the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, and based on the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, the energy absorbing material conversion method is used to determine the thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer, and finally the material to be used is determined according to the determined thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer;

[0027] The thickness of the fireproof insulation layer is determined by numerical simulation method according to the fire risk level.

[0028] Preferably, the explosion shock wave calculation formula includes:

[0029] P r =C r *P so

[0030] C r =2+0.0073P so

[0031] Among them, P so is the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave, P r is the peak reflected pressure, C r is the reflection coefficient.

[0032] Preferably, the material parameters include density, plateau stress and strain rate.

[0033] According to the above technical scheme, based on the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the tank body is protected by adopting the tank body protective cover including an impact-resistant layer and an energy-absorbing layer, and the impact-resistant layer includes a grille and ceramic sheets arranged in a plurality of unit grids of the grille. In actual application, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively guaranteed, and large splashes and / or explosion shock waves can be prevented from impacting the spherical tank and causing damage to the spherical tank. The tank has the advantages of easy operation, simple structure, high safety and cost saving.

[0034] At the same time, by coating the surface of the ceramic sheet arranged in the unit grid with fibers, the protective performance of the impact-resistant layer can be further effectively improved based on the combination of the grid and the ceramic sheet.

[0035] The types of the fibers include basalt fibers, glass fibers and carbon fibers; and the types of the ceramic sheets include alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics and titanium diboride ceramics, which can further effectively improve the protective performance of the impact-resistant layer.

[0036] The vertical bars h of the grille 1 The thickness is 0.5-1.5cm, the horizontal stripe c 1 The thickness is 0.2-0.8 cm, and further the unit grid is a square, and the side length r of the square unit grid is 1 The thickness of the impact-resistant layer is 4-5 cm, which can further effectively improve the protective performance of the impact-resistant layer in practical applications.

[0037] By coating one or both sides of the grid provided with the ceramic sheet with a polyurea layer, the protective performance of the impact-resistant layer can be further effectively improved.

[0038] The energy-absorbing layer is made of energy-absorbing material, which includes porous foam material, honeycomb structure and superelastic material. The porous foam material includes polyurethane foam and foam aluminum. In practical applications, it can effectively absorb explosion shock waves, and by being used in conjunction with the impact-resistant layer, it can also effectively improve the protection performance of the impact-resistant layer against splashes.

[0039] By arranging the energy absorbing layer to include multiple layers arranged in a gradient manner, and the density and / or platform stress of each layer decreasing from the inside to the outside, the protective performance of the energy absorbing layer can be further effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the grille of the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank;

[0042] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ceramic piece of the composite protection structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank;

[0043] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ceramic sheet coated with fibers;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a rendering of a grille filled with fiber-coated ceramic sheets.

[0045] Description of Reference Numerals

[0046] 1. Grille; 2. Unit grid; 3. Ceramic sheet; 4. Fiber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; "plurality" means two or more. The term "include" and any variation thereof means non-exclusive inclusion, possible presence or addition of one or more other features, units, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0049] In addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be internally connected between two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] The first aspect of the present invention provides a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank includes:

[0051] The tank body protective cover is used to protect the tank body. The tank body protective cover includes an impact-resistant layer in contact with the tank body and an energy-absorbing layer arranged on the impact-resistant layer. The impact-resistant layer includes a grille 1 and ceramic sheets 3 arranged in a plurality of unit grids 2 of the grille 1.

[0052] According to the above technical scheme, based on the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the tank body is protected by adopting the tank body protective cover including an impact-resistant layer and an energy-absorbing layer, and the impact-resistant layer includes a grille and ceramic sheets arranged in a plurality of unit grids of the grille. In actual application, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively guaranteed, and large splashes and / or explosion shock waves can be prevented from impacting the spherical tank and causing damage to the spherical tank. The tank has the advantages of easy operation, simple structure, high safety and cost saving.

[0053] In the composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, preferably, the surface of the ceramic sheet 3 arranged in the unit grid 2 is coated with fibers 4 .

[0054] In a further preferred embodiment, the types of the fibers 4 include basalt fibers, glass fibers and carbon fibers; and the types of the ceramic sheets 3 include alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics and titanium diboride ceramics.

[0055] In the present invention, if Figure 2-5 As shown, by further coating the surface of the ceramic sheet 3 with fibers 4 and further limiting the types of fibers and ceramic sheets, the protective performance of the impact-resistant layer can be effectively improved in practical applications.

[0056] In the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, preferably, the vertical bars h of the grille 1 1 The thickness is 0.5-1.5 cm, preferably 0.8-1.2 cm, most preferably 1 cm, and the horizontal strip c 1 The thickness is 0.2-0.8 cm, preferably 0.4-0.6 cm, and most preferably 0.5 cm.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment, the unit grid 2 is a square, and the side length r of the square unit grid 2 is 1 It is 4-5cm, preferably 4.2-4.8cm, and most preferably 4.5cm.

[0058] In the present invention, if Figure 2 As shown, by the vertical bars h of the grille 1 1 The thickness and crossbar c 1 The thickness of the unit grid 2 is limited to , in practical application, the protection performance of the impact-resistant layer can be further effectively improved. And further, by limiting the shape of the unit grid 2 to a square, and the side length r of the square unit grid 2 1 The thickness of the impact-resistant layer is 4-5 cm, which can further effectively improve the protective performance of the impact-resistant layer in practical applications.

[0059] In the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention, preferably, one or both sides of the grille 1 provided with the ceramic sheet 3 are coated with a polyurea layer. Preferably, a polyurea layer is coated on the side of the grille 1 provided with the ceramic sheet 3 that is away from the tank body. More preferably, a polyurea layer is coated on both sides of the grille 1 provided with the ceramic sheet 3.

[0060] In the present invention, the ceramic sheet 3 is constrained by coating a polyurea layer, so that the protective performance of the impact-resistant layer can be further improved.

[0061] In the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, preferably, the energy absorbing layer is made of energy absorbing material, and the energy absorbing material includes porous foam material, honeycomb structure and superelastic material. Further preferably, the porous foam material includes polyurethane foam and foam aluminum.

[0062] In the present invention, preferably, the energy absorbing layer is made of the porous foam material, and most preferably, the energy absorbing layer is made of polyurethane foam, thereby effectively improving the protective performance of the energy absorbing layer.

[0063] In the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention, preferably, the energy absorbing layer comprises multiple layers arranged in a gradient, and the density and / or platform stress of each layer decreases successively from the inside to the outside.

[0064] In the present invention, by designing the energy absorbing layer to be multiple layers arranged in a gradient, and the density and / or platform stress of each layer decreases from the inside to the outside, in practical applications, the protective performance of the energy absorbing layer can be effectively improved by absorbing energy layer by layer. In the most preferred embodiment, the energy absorbing layer includes three layers arranged in a gradient, and the density and platform stress of each layer decreases from the inside to the outside.

[0065] In the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention, preferably, the surface of the energy absorbing layer is coated with a fireproof and heat-insulating layer.

[0066] In the present invention, by evaluating the fire risk level that the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank may face and selecting a suitable fireproof and heat-insulating layer to be coated on the energy-absorbing layer, the influence of the high temperature of the fire risk on the material in the tank body can be effectively avoided.

[0067] The second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a composite protective structure of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, which is applied to the composite protective structure of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. The design method comprises:

[0068] According to the installation location of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the risks faced by it are quantitatively evaluated based on the TNO multi-energy method and other methods to obtain quantitative evaluation results, which include the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave to which the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is subjected, the mass and speed of the splashing materials, and the fire risk level;

[0069] A composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is designed based on the quantitative evaluation results.

[0070] According to the above technical scheme, by quantitatively evaluating the risks faced by the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the installation position of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank based on the TNO multi-energy method and other methods to obtain quantitative evaluation results, and designing the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure according to the quantitative evaluation results, the efficiency of the design of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure can be further effectively improved, and it is avoided that the protection performance of the provided liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure is at least one energy level higher than the protection required in the absence of accurate basis, resulting in increased costs.

[0071] In the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, preferably, the risk faced by the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is quantitatively evaluated based on the TNO multi-energy method and other methods, specifically including:

[0072] Identify potential explosion sources and explosion receptors in each structure or tank area, determine the volume of obstacles within the explosion source and the effective volume of the area obstructed by the explosion source, model each potential explosion source, and evaluate the impact of explosion shock wave overpressure and splashes on liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks.

[0073] In the present invention, by further specifically quantifying the risks that the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank may face, the accuracy of the quantitative evaluation result can be further improved.

[0074] In the composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank of the present invention, preferably, the composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is designed according to the quantitative evaluation result, specifically comprising:

[0075] The thickness of the impact-resistant layer is determined by numerical simulation according to the mass and velocity of the splashing material;

[0076] According to the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave, the explosion shock wave calculation formula is used to convert the peak incident overpressure and duration of the shock wave into the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, and based on the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, the energy absorbing material conversion method is used to determine the thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer, and finally the material to be used is determined according to the determined thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer;

[0077] The thickness of the fireproof insulation layer is determined by numerical simulation method according to the fire risk level.

[0078] In the present invention, by further refining the specific method for designing a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank based on the quantitative evaluation results, in actual application, a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank that meets the needs of actual application can be designed quickly and accurately, and the cost can be effectively reduced.

[0079] In a further preferred embodiment, the explosion shock wave calculation formula includes:

[0080] P r =C r *P so

[0081] C r =2+0.0073P so

[0082] Among them, P so is the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave, P r is the peak reflected pressure, C r is the reflection coefficient.

[0083] In another further preferred embodiment, the material parameters include density, plateau stress and strain rate. More preferably, the density is 40-120 kg / m 3 , preferably 50-100kg / m 3 ; The platform stress is 20-50KPa; The strain rate is greater than 0.3; thereby further effectively improving the design efficiency and reducing the cost.

[0084] In the present invention, the impact-resistant layer, the energy-absorbing layer and the fireproof and heat-insulating layer in the tank protective cover can be further arranged according to the application needs of the actual application scenario. Specifically, the tank protective cover includes one or more layers of the impact-resistant layer, the energy-absorbing layer and the fireproof and heat-insulating layer to meet the explosion-proof optimization of existing storage tanks and the protection of newly built storage tanks. Among them, the impact-resistant layer and the energy-absorbing layer should avoid overlapping assembly boundaries and staggered covering during installation to improve the overall shear resistance of the protective structure. Specifically, the steel structure grille layer on the outside of the entire storage tank is assembled and spliced ​​by several prefabricated steel structure grilles, and the position where adjacent grilles are assembled and spliced ​​is the assembly boundary (splicing seam); similarly, the energy-absorbing layer is also spliced ​​together. When covering the steel structure grille layer, the assembly boundary of the energy-absorbing layer should not overlap with the splicing seam of the grille layer. The staggered seams of the two layers are staggered to form a staggered covering.

[0085] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0086] Example 1: Protection of a newly built 8m diameter liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank

[0087] According to the installation location of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the risks faced by the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank are quantitatively evaluated based on the TNO multi-energy method and other methods to obtain quantitative evaluation results, which include the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the mass and speed of the splashing material, and the fire hazard level; the composite protection structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is designed according to the quantitative evaluation results;

[0088] Specifically, the risk faced by the company is quantitatively assessed based on the TNO multi-energy method, including: identifying potential explosion sources and explosion receptors in each structure or tank area, determining the volume of obstacles in the explosion source and the effective volume of the area blocked by the explosion source, modeling each potential explosion source, and evaluating the impact of the explosion shock wave overpressure and splash on the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank;

[0089] The design of the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0090] The thickness of the impact-resistant layer is determined by numerical simulation according to the mass and velocity of the splashing material;

[0091] According to the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave, the explosion shock wave calculation formula is used to convert the peak incident overpressure and duration of the shock wave into the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, and based on the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, the energy absorbing material conversion method is used to determine the thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer, and finally the material to be used is determined according to the determined thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer;

[0092] The thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating layer is determined by numerical simulation according to the fire risk level;

[0093] The explosion shock wave calculation formula includes:

[0094] P r =C r *P so

[0095] C r =2+0.0073P so

[0096] Among them, P so is the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave, P r is the peak reflected pressure, C r is the reflection coefficient;

[0097] The material parameters include, platform stress and strain rate.

[0098] Specifically, the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave is 20.8KPa, the continuous action time is 51.7ms, the mass of the splash is 10kg, the speed is 50m / s, the fire hazard level is level four, the thickness of the fireproof insulation layer is 0.5cm, the thickness of the impact-resistant layer is 1cm, and the energy absorption layer: three-layer design, the peak reflection pressure is 44.76KPa, the equivalent forward action time is 40.3ms, the thickness is 10cm, the thickness from inside to outside is 4cm, 3cm, 3cm, and the density of the material is 50-120kg / m 3 The platform stresses of each layer are 25KPa, 30KPa, and 35KPa from the inside to the outside, respectively. The strain rate is greater than 0.3, and the material is polyurethane foam.

[0099] Based on the above design method, the composite protection structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is further optimized. Figure 1-5 As shown, the specific liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure includes:

[0100] A tank body protective cover is used to protect the tank body, the tank body protective cover includes an impact-resistant layer in contact with the tank body and an energy-absorbing layer arranged on the impact-resistant layer, the impact-resistant layer includes a grille 1 and ceramic sheets 3 arranged in a plurality of unit grids 2 of the grille 1, and the surface of the energy-absorbing layer is coated with a fireproof and heat-insulating layer.

[0101] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of good protective effect, good economic benefit and easy installation.

[0102] Example 2

[0103] The embodiment 1 is implemented with reference to the above, except that the surface of the ceramic sheet 3 disposed in the unit grid 2 is coated with fibers 4 .

[0104] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0105] Example 3

[0106] Refer to Example 2, except that the vertical bars h of the grille 1 are 1 The thickness of the strip is 1 cm, and the horizontal strip c 1 The thickness is 0.5cm.

[0107] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0108] Example 4

[0109] Refer to Example 3 for implementation, except that the unit grid 2 is a square, and the side length r of the square unit grid 2 is 1 is 4.5cm.

[0110] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] The method is implemented with reference to Example 4, except that the fiber 4 is a basalt fiber with a thickness of 0.1 cm; and the ceramic sheet 3 is a silicon carbide ceramic with a side length of 4.3 cm and a thickness of 0.8 cm.

[0113] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0114] Example 6

[0115] The method is implemented with reference to Example 5, except that both sides of the grid 1 provided with the ceramic sheet 3 are coated with a polyurea layer, and the thickness of the polyurea layer is 0.1 cm.

[0116] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0117] Example 7: Protective transformation of an existing liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank with a diameter of 15m in a chemical park

[0118] According to the installation location of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the risks faced by the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank are quantitatively evaluated based on the TNO multi-energy method and other methods to obtain quantitative evaluation results, which include the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave to the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the mass and speed of the splashing material, and the fire hazard level; the composite protection structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is designed according to the quantitative evaluation results;

[0119] Specifically, the risk faced by the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is quantitatively assessed based on the TNO multi-energy method and other methods, including: identifying the potential explosion sources and explosion receptors of each structure or tank area, determining the volume of obstacles in the explosion source and the effective volume of the area blocked by the explosion source, modeling each potential explosion source, and evaluating the impact of the explosion shock wave overpressure and splash on the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank;

[0120] The design of the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes:

[0121] The thickness of the impact-resistant layer is determined by numerical simulation according to the mass and velocity of the splashing material;

[0122] According to the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave, the explosion shock wave calculation formula is used to convert the peak incident overpressure and duration of the shock wave into the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, and based on the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, the energy absorbing material conversion method is used to determine the thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer, and finally the material to be used is determined according to the determined thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer;

[0123] The thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating layer is determined by numerical simulation according to the fire risk level;

[0124] The explosion shock wave calculation formula includes:

[0125] P r =C r *P so

[0126] C r =2+0.0073P so

[0127] Among them, P so is the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave, P r is the peak reflected pressure, C r is the reflection coefficient;

[0128] The material parameters include, platform stress and strain rate.

[0129] Specifically, the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave is 20.8KPa, the continuous action time is 51.7ms, the mass of the splash is 10kg, the speed is 50m / s, the fire hazard level is level four, the thickness of the fireproof insulation layer is 0.5cm, the thickness of the impact-resistant layer is 1cm, and the energy absorption layer: three-layer design, the peak reflection pressure is 44.76KPa, the equivalent forward action time is 40.3ms, the thickness is 10cm, the thickness from inside to outside is 4cm, 3cm, 3cm, and the density of the material is 50-120kg / m 3The platform stresses of each layer are 25KPa, 30KPa, and 35KPa from the inside to the outside, respectively. The strain rate is greater than 0.3, and the material is polyurethane foam.

[0130] Based on the above design method, the composite protection structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is further optimized. Figure 1-5 As shown, the specific liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank composite protection structure includes:

[0131] A tank body protective cover is used to protect the tank body, the tank body protective cover includes an impact-resistant layer in contact with the tank body and an energy-absorbing layer arranged on the impact-resistant layer, the impact-resistant layer includes a grille 1 and ceramic sheets 3 arranged in a plurality of unit grids 2 of the grille 1, and the surface of the energy-absorbing layer is coated with a fireproof and heat-insulating layer.

[0132] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of good protective effect, good economic benefit and easy installation.

[0133] Example 8

[0134] The implementation is carried out in accordance with Example 7, except that the surface of the ceramic sheet 3 arranged in the unit grid 2 is coated with fibers 4, and the vertical bars h of the grid 1 are 1 The thickness of the strip is 1 cm, and the horizontal strip c 1 The thickness is 0.5cm.

[0135] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0136] Example 9

[0137] Refer to Example 7, except that the unit grid 2 is a square, and the side length r of the square unit grid 2 is 1 The side length is 4.5 cm, and the fiber 4 is a basalt fiber with a thickness of 0.1 cm; the ceramic sheet 3 is a silicon carbide ceramic with a side length of 4.3 cm and a thickness of 0.8 cm.

[0138] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0139] Example 10

[0140] The method is implemented with reference to Example 9, except that both sides of the grid 1 provided with the ceramic sheet 3 are coated with a polyurea layer, and the thickness of the polyurea layer is 0.1 cm.

[0141] It has been tested that the composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks of the present invention can effectively protect the tank body of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank even in the face of large splashes, and has the advantages of better protective effect, good economic benefits and easy installation.

[0142] The composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank provided by the present invention protects the tank body by adopting the tank body protective cover including an impact-resistant layer and an energy-absorbing layer, and the impact-resistant layer includes a grid and ceramic sheets arranged in a plurality of unit grids of the grid. In actual application, the safety of the spherical tank can be effectively guaranteed, and large splashes and / or explosion shock waves can be prevented from impacting the spherical tank and causing damage to the spherical tank. The structure has the advantages of easy operation, simple structure, high safety and cost saving.

[0143] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations. However, these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank. It is characterized in that The composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank includes: A tank body protective cover is used to protect a tank body, the tank body protective cover comprising an impact-resistant layer in contact with the tank body and an energy-absorbing layer arranged on the impact-resistant layer, the impact-resistant layer comprising a grille (1) and ceramic sheets (3) arranged in a plurality of unit grids (2) of the grille (1).

2. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The surface of the ceramic sheet (3) arranged in the unit grid (2) is coated with fibers (4).

3. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The types of the fibers (4) include basalt fibers, glass fibers and carbon fibers; the types of the ceramic sheets (3) include alumina ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics and titanium diboride ceramics.

4. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The vertical bars h of the grille (1) 1 The thickness is 0.5-1.5cm, the horizontal stripe c 1 The thickness is 0.2-0.8cm.

5. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The unit grid (2) is a square, and the side length r of the square unit grid (2) is 1 4-5cm.

6. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that One or both sides of the grid (1) provided with the ceramic sheet (3) are coated with a polyurea layer.

7. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The energy absorbing layer is made of energy absorbing material, and the energy absorbing material includes porous foam material, honeycomb structure and superelastic material.

8. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The porous foam material includes polyurethane foam and foamed aluminum.

9. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 7 or 8, It is characterized in that The energy absorbing layer includes multiple layers arranged in a gradient, and the density and / or platform stress of each layer decreases from the inside to the outside.

10. The composite protective structure for liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The surface of the energy absorbing layer is coated with a fireproof and heat insulating layer.

11. A design method for composite protective structure of liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, It is characterized in that Applied to the composite protective structure of a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 above, the design method comprises: According to the installation location of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank, the risk faced by it is quantitatively evaluated based on the TNO multi-energy method to obtain a quantitative evaluation result, which includes the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave to which the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is subjected, the mass and speed of the splashing material, and the fire risk level; A composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank is designed based on the quantitative evaluation results.

12. The method for designing a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 11, It is characterized in that The quantitative assessment of the risks faced by the company based on the TNO multi-energy method specifically includes: Identify potential explosion sources and explosion receptors in each structure or tank area, determine the volume of obstacles within the explosion source and the effective volume of the area obstructed by the explosion source, model each potential explosion source, and evaluate the impact of explosion shock wave overpressure and splashes on liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tanks.

13. The method for designing a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 11 or 12, It is characterized in that The design of the composite protective structure of the liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to the quantitative evaluation results specifically includes: The thickness of the impact-resistant layer is determined by numerical simulation according to the mass and velocity of the splashing material; According to the peak incident overpressure and duration of the explosion shock wave, the explosion shock wave calculation formula is used to convert the peak incident overpressure and duration of the shock wave into the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, and based on the peak reflected pressure and the equivalent forward action time, the energy absorbing material conversion method is used to determine the thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer, and finally the material to be used is determined according to the determined thickness and material parameters of the energy absorbing layer; The thickness of the fireproof insulation layer is determined by numerical simulation method according to the fire risk level.

14. The method for designing a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 13, It is characterized in that The explosion shock wave calculation formula include: P r =C r *P so C r =2+0.0073P so Among them, P so is the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave, P r is the peak reflected pressure, C r is the reflection coefficient.

15. The method for designing a composite protective structure for a liquefied hydrocarbon spherical tank according to claim 13, It is characterized in that The material parameters include density, plateau stress and strain rate.

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