Self-adaptive air distribution method, system and equipment applied to sofc power generation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive air distribution method, system and equipment applied to a sofc power generation system, and relates to the technical field of sofc power generation systems. The invention provides a self-adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system, the sofc power generation system comprises an air inlet main pipe and a plurality of air inlet branch pipes communicated with the air inlet main pipe, and the air outlet ends of the air inlet branch pipes are connected with the cathodes of corresponding electric piles respectively. Comprising the following steps: evaluating a first stability weight of a target electric pile according to a first stability factor of the target electric pile in a preset time period; according to the attribute information of the target electric pile, obtaining at least one associated electric pile associated with the target electric pile; acquiring a second stability weight of the target electric pile according to a second stability factor of the associated electric pile in the preset time period and the first stability weight; and adjusting an air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of SOFC power generation systems, and in particular to an adaptive air distribution method, system and device applied to a SOFC power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is an efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. Its operating temperature is usually high (800–1000°C), and it has the advantages of strong fuel adaptability, high power generation efficiency, and waste heat recovery. It has broad prospects in the fields of distributed power generation, combined heat and power, and renewable energy integration. A typical SOFC power generation system consists of multiple parallel or series stack modules. Each stack realizes a distributed supply of air (oxygen) through the intake manifold and branch pipes to meet the electrochemical reaction requirements on the cathode side.

[0003] In the SOFC system, the uniformity and dynamic adjustment capability of air distribution directly affect the performance of the fuel cell stack and the life of the system. On the one hand, insufficient oxygen supply on the cathode side will lead to a decrease in the electrochemical reaction rate, causing local polarization loss and reducing power generation efficiency; on the other hand, the imbalance between air flow and temperature distribution will aggravate the internal thermal stress of the fuel cell stack, causing material structure degradation and even thermal cracking. In the prior art, the air distribution method is mostly based on flow threshold monitoring or feedback control of a single fuel cell stack, resulting in insufficient adjustment lag and global optimization capability of the air distribution strategy. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide an adaptive air distribution method, system and equipment for SOFC power generation system, aiming to solve the technical problems that the air distribution methods in the prior art are mostly based on flow threshold monitoring or feedback control of a single fuel cell stack, resulting in the adjustment lag and insufficient global optimization capability of the air distribution strategy.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, the present application provides an adaptive air distribution method applied to a SOFC power generation system, wherein the SOFC power generation system comprises an intake manifold and a plurality of intake branches connected to the intake manifold, wherein the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, comprising: Evaluating a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period; Acquire at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack; Acquire a second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; Based on the second stability weight, an air distribution strategy is adjusted.

[0006] Optionally, the step of evaluating a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period includes: The first stability factor includes a gas flow data set, a voltage data set, a temperature data set, and a historical maintenance data set in a preset time period; According to the gas flow data set, obtaining cathode gas flow fluctuation rate; According to the voltage data set, obtaining a voltage attenuation gradient; According to the temperature data set, obtaining temperature distribution uniformity; Obtaining a failure rate according to the historical maintenance data set; Based on the cathode gas flow rate fluctuation rate, the voltage attenuation gradient, the temperature distribution uniformity and the failure rate, a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack is obtained.

[0007] Optionally, the expression for evaluating the first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to the first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period is:

[0008] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, , , and Represent the weight coefficient of each parameter, Indicates instantaneous flow rate, represents the average flow rate in the preset time period, N represents the number of instantaneous flow data collected, Indicates the flow fluctuation threshold. Indicates the attenuation gradient of the voltage in the preset time period, represents the voltage attenuation sensitivity coefficient, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data, represents the reference temperature, represents the failure rate, Indicates the critical failure rate threshold.

[0009] Optionally, the step of acquiring at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack includes: According to the property information of the target fuel cell stack, obtaining the target intake branch pipe information connected to the target fuel cell stack; According to the target intake branch pipe information, tracing back the intake manifold connected with the target intake branch pipe; According to the intake manifold, information of at least one fuel cell stack connected to the intake manifold is obtained and marked as an associated fuel cell stack.

[0010] Optionally, the step of acquiring the second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to the second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight includes: The second stability factor includes the length of the intake branch pipe of the associated fuel cell stack, the diameter of the intake branch pipe, the voltage and current correlation coefficient of the associated fuel cell stack, the temperature and flow correlation coefficient, the physical distance between the target fuel cell stack and the associated fuel cell stack, and the temperature difference between the target fuel cell stack and the associated fuel cell stack.

[0011] Optionally, the expression for obtaining the second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to the second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight is:

[0012] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, represents the second stability weight, represents the spatial association weight coefficient, represents the structural coupling factor, represents the operating parameter coupling coefficient, Indicates the number of associated battery stacks, represents the dynamic weight coefficient, represents the first stability weight of the jth associated stack, represents the average stability weight of the system, represents the time attenuation coefficient, and t represents the interval between the current time and the data collection time.

[0013] Optionally, a dynamic weight factor The expression is:

[0014] In the formula, represents the physical distance between the jth associated battery stack and the target battery stack, represents the temperature difference between the jth associated stack and the target stack, Indicates the reference temperature.

[0015] Optionally, the step of adjusting the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight comprises: Based on the interval range of the second stability weight, a multi-level control mode is set; When the second stability weight is within a first preset interval, reducing the air flow of the target fuel cell stack to a preset proportion below the baseline air flow; When the second stability weight is within a second preset interval, maintaining the air flow fluctuation of the target fuel cell stack within a preset range; When the second stability weight is within a third preset interval, dynamically increasing the air flow of the target fuel cell stack; When the second stability weight is within a fourth preset interval, the backup flow path is activated to increase the air flow of the target fuel cell stack to a preset proportion above the baseline air flow.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides an adaptive air distribution system applied to a SOFC power generation system, the SOFC power generation system comprising an intake manifold and a plurality of intake branches connected to the intake manifold, the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branches being respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, comprising: A first stability weight acquisition module, configured to evaluate a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period; An associated battery stack acquisition module, configured to acquire at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack; a second stability weight acquisition module configured to acquire a second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; An air distribution module is configured to adjust an air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above method.

[0018] Beneficial effects that this application can achieve: The embodiment of the present application proposes an adaptive air distribution method, system and device for SOFC power generation system, the SOFC power generation system includes an air intake main pipe and a plurality of air intake branches connected to the air intake main pipe, the outlet ends of the plurality of air intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, including: evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack in a preset time period; obtaining at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack; obtaining the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; adjusting the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight. The weight is calculated based on the stability factor within the preset time period, so that the air distribution strategy can respond to the real-time changes in the performance of the stack. By introducing the joint calculation of the stability factors of the target stack and the associated stack, the limitations of the independent regulation of the traditional single stack are broken through, and the airflow coupling and thermal interaction between the stacks are effectively reflected. The second stability weight integrates the operating status data of multiple stacks to match the air flow distribution with the actual heat load of the stack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the air distribution method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present application provides an adaptive air distribution method applied to a SOFC power generation system, wherein the SOFC power generation system includes an intake manifold and a plurality of intake branches connected to the intake manifold, wherein the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, and the method includes the following steps: S10. Evaluate a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period.

[0026] Optionally, the preset time period can be set according to actual needs, such as every 5 minutes or every hour or every 24 hours. The first stability factor of the target stack is collected to evaluate the first stability weight of the target stack in the preset time period. The first stability weight is used to characterize the performance of the stack. For example, the electrochemical stability reaction is used to measure the equilibrium state of the chemical reaction inside the stack. A decrease in the weight value may indicate a decrease in reaction activity or uneven distribution of local fuel / oxidant. The thermodynamic stability is used to characterize the temperature field and thermal stress distribution state of the stack. Abnormal weight values ​​reflect the risk of thermal runaway or hidden dangers of sealing failure.

[0027] S20. Acquire at least one associated fuel cell stack associated with the target fuel cell stack according to the attribute information of the target fuel cell stack.

[0028] Optionally, obtain the topological position of the intake branch pipe connected to the target stack in the main pipe, such as the branch level and the adjacent branch pipe number. The definition of the associated stack can be on the same branch or adjacent branch pipes of the target stack in the intake main pipe; alternatively, the associated stacks that had a greater impact on the target stack during past failures can be statistically obtained through the historical database.

[0029] S30. Obtain the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight.

[0030] Optionally, in the SOFC power generation system, multiple stacks achieve air distribution through a shared intake main pipe. When the intake air volume of a certain stack (target stack) is adjusted, the pressure fluctuation in the main pipe will affect the flow rate of other branch pipes through hydrodynamic coupling, that is, the "pressure fluctuation propagation effect". If the regulation is only based on the independent parameters of the target stack, such as the first stability weight, there may be a problem of low accuracy. The second stability factor of the associated stack, such as the branch pipe structure parameters and temperature difference, is used to correct the stability evaluation result of the target stack. The second stability weight is dynamically associated with the stack stability based on the control requirements of the multi-physical field coupling system through cross-modeling of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and control theory. Its core logic is: coupling quantification: define the interaction strength between stacks through structural parameters and operating parameters; dynamic correction: use the real-time data feedback of the associated stack to correct the weight of the target stack; global optimization: solve the optimal solution of air distribution under multi-objective constraints (efficiency, life, stability). It breaks through the limitations of traditional single-stack independent control and provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of the SOFC system.

[0031] S40. Adjust the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0032] Optionally, based on the second stability weight, further adjust the air distribution of the stack cathode so that the stack can be in a more efficient power generation state.

[0033] For the SOFC power generation system, it includes the following core components: Stack module: composed of multiple independent stacks, each stack includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a connector, and realizes electric energy output through series or parallel connection.

[0034] Intake main pipe: used to receive external air or oxygen-rich gas, maintain the main pipe pressure through a pressurization device such as a blower, and the gas received by the intake main pipe is usually preheated through a heating device; Intake branch pipe: Multiple branch pipes are connected to the main pipe, and the outlet end of each branch pipe is connected to the cathode inlet of the corresponding fuel cell stack. The branch pipe is equipped with a flow regulating valve (such as an electric proportional valve) and a flow sensor.

[0035] Fuel supply system: supplies fuel, such as hydrogen and natural gas reformed gas, to the anode of the fuel cell stack.

[0036] Thermal management system: includes stack temperature sensor, exhaust gas waste heat recovery device and cooling circuit.

[0037] Control system: integrated data acquisition module, for example, real-time acquisition of stack voltage, current, temperature, branch pipe flow and other parameters and actuators, such as valve controllers.

[0038] The oxygen concentration on the cathode side directly affects the electrochemical reaction rate and follows the Nernst equation. Uneven air distribution may lead to intensified local polarization. The fuel cell stack corresponding to the low-flow branch will produce concentration polarization due to insufficient oxygen, resulting in reduced efficiency. Thermal stress is concentrated, and the fuel cell stack corresponding to the high-flow branch will not be cooled enough due to excess air, causing material degradation in the high-temperature area. System coupling oscillation: Branch flow adjustment causes main pipe pressure fluctuations, resulting in passive changes in the flow of other branches, forming a positive feedback imbalance.

[0039] Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, this embodiment provides an adaptive air distribution method applied to a SOFC power generation system, wherein the SOFC power generation system includes an intake manifold and a plurality of intake branches connected to the intake manifold, wherein the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, and the method includes the following steps: S10. Evaluate a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period.

[0040] Optionally, the step of evaluating a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period includes: S101, the first stability factor includes a gas flow data set, a voltage data set, a temperature data set and a historical maintenance data set in a preset time period; Specifically, examples of data sources and collection methods are as follows: Gas flow data set: A mass flow meter, such as a thermal flow sensor, installed on the corresponding intake manifold of the target fuel cell stack records the instantaneous flow value sequence for a preset time period, such as 10 minutes, at a fixed sampling frequency, such as 1 Hz. .

[0041] Voltage data set: Through the high-precision voltage acquisition module connected to the output of the target battery stack, the voltage instantaneous value sequence within the same time period is synchronously recorded .

[0042] Temperature data set: Distributed thermocouple arrays are arranged on the cathode side, anode side and electrolyte layer of the target stack to collect temperature values ​​at multiple locations and generate a temperature matrix ,in is the space coordinate.

[0043] Historical maintenance data set: Extract the fault records of the target fuel cell stack in the past operation cycle (such as 6 months) from the maintenance log database of the SOFC system, including the fault type, occurrence time, repair measures and cumulative number of faults.

[0044] S102, obtaining cathode gas flow fluctuation rate according to the gas flow data set; S103, acquiring a voltage attenuation gradient according to the voltage data set; S104, obtaining temperature distribution uniformity according to the temperature data set; S105, obtaining a failure rate according to the historical maintenance data set; S106. Obtain a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack based on the cathode gas flow rate fluctuation rate, the voltage attenuation gradient, the temperature distribution uniformity and the failure rate.

[0045] The expression for evaluating the first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack is:

[0046] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, , , and Represent the weight coefficient of each parameter, Indicates instantaneous flow rate, represents the average flow rate in the preset time period, N represents the number of instantaneous flow data collected, Indicates the flow fluctuation threshold. Indicates the attenuation gradient of the voltage in the preset time period, represents the voltage attenuation sensitivity coefficient, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data, represents the reference temperature, represents the failure rate, Indicates the critical failure rate threshold.

[0047] represents the gas flow fluctuation term, Indicates the instantaneous flow rate (unit: m³ / s), reflecting the real-time fluctuation of branch pipe gas supply. Indicates the average flow rate in the preset time period (unit: m³ / s), representing the expected value of steady-state gas supply. N: The number of sampling points of flow data (unitless), for example, 600 data points are obtained by sampling every second in 10 minutes. Indicates the flow fluctuation threshold (unit: m³ / s), which is determined according to system design (such as 20% of the rated flow). Indicates the flow standard deviation and quantifies the flow fluctuation. , normalized volatility. If the volatility exceeds the threshold (i.e., the ratio>1), this item is negative, significantly reducing .

[0048] is the voltage decay gradient term, It represents the voltage attenuation gradient (unit: mV / s), which is obtained by linearly fitting the slope of the voltage time series and reflects the degradation rate of the battery stack performance. Represents the voltage decay sensitivity coefficient (unit: s / mV), which is used to adjust the penalty intensity of the decay rate. For example, =0.1, For every 10mV / s increase, the exponential term value drops to 1 / e of the original value. Exponential function The voltage decay is nonlinearly suppressed. The faster the decay, the The larger the value, the closer it is to 0, which significantly reduces .

[0049] represents the temperature distribution uniformity term, It represents the standard deviation of temperature data (unit: °C), which is calculated by multi-point temperature sensors inside the fuel cell stack and reflects the uniformity of the temperature field. Indicates the reference temperature (unit: °C), usually the rated operating temperature of the battery stack, such as 800 °C. Temperature standard deviation The larger the value, the more concentrated the thermal stress inside the battery stack, and the smaller the value. and If they are equal, this item is 0.

[0050] represents the failure rate term, It indicates the failure rate of the target fuel cell stack (unit: times / thousand hours), which is calculated based on historical maintenance data. Indicates the critical failure rate threshold (unit: times / thousand hours), which is set by the system reliability requirements, for example, 0.15 times / thousand hours. Greater than or equal to , this item is a negative value, directly reducing , triggering maintenance warnings. Integrating historical operation and maintenance data, preventive downgrade of high-failure risk stacks to avoid sudden failures affecting system operation.

[0051] , , and are the weights of the four types of parameters, satisfying Less than or equal to 1, dynamically adjusted according to the system operation objectives.

[0052] S20. Acquire at least one associated fuel cell stack associated with the target fuel cell stack according to the attribute information of the target fuel cell stack.

[0053] Optionally, the step of acquiring at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack includes: S201, acquiring target intake branch pipe information connected to the target fuel cell stack according to the attribute information of the target fuel cell stack; Specifically, the unique number of the intake branch pipe corresponding to the target fuel cell stack, such as branch pipe ID = P-203A, records its installation position coordinates (X, Y, Z) and the connection node number in the main pipe, such as Node-5. Branch pipe structural parameters: including branch pipe length (L = 2.5m), diameter (D = 0.1m), bending angle (θ = 45°) and valve type such as electric proportional valve model VX-7. Match the binding relationship between the target fuel cell stack and the branch pipe through the branch pipe RFID tag or system topology database; call the pipeline CAD model or digital twin system to extract the structural parameters of the branch pipe; read real-time monitoring data from the SCADA system to verify the current status of the branch pipe, such as valve opening and flow sensor readings.

[0054] S202, tracing back the intake manifold connected to the target intake manifold according to the target intake manifold information; Specifically, according to the branch pipe connection node (Node-5), trace upward in the tree topology diagram of the main pipe: determine the parent node of Node-5 (such as Node-2 is the main branch node of the main pipe); obtain the main path parameters of the main pipe: current pressure (P_main=105kPa).

[0055] S203. According to the intake manifold, obtain information of at least one fuel cell stack connected to the intake manifold, and mark it as an associated fuel cell stack.

[0056] Specifically, a list of all branch pipes connected to Node-2 and adjacent nodes is extracted from the main pipe topology map; candidate fuel cells (such as fuel cells G-203B and G-203C) are screened out based on the physical distance (≤1.5m).

[0057] S30: Obtain a second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to the second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight.

[0058] Optionally, the second stability factor includes the length of the intake branch pipe of the associated fuel cell stack, the diameter of the intake branch pipe, the voltage and current correlation coefficient of the associated fuel cell stack, the temperature and flow correlation coefficient, the physical distance between the target fuel cell stack and the associated fuel cell stack, and the temperature difference between the target fuel cell stack and the associated fuel cell stack.

[0059] Optionally, the expression for obtaining the second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to the second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight is:

[0060] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, represents the second stability weight, represents the spatial association weight coefficient, represents the structural coupling factor, represents the operating parameter coupling coefficient, Indicates the number of associated battery stacks, represents the dynamic weight coefficient, represents the first stability weight of the jth associated stack, represents the average stability weight of the system, represents the time attenuation coefficient, and t represents the interval between the current time and the data collection time.

[0061] It represents the intrinsic stability of the target fuel cell stack and reflects its health in an independent operating state.

[0062] is the spatial association weight coefficient, which is determined by the branch pipe layout topology. The longer the branch pipe length of the target stack, the The smaller it is, the stronger the influence of physical structure coupling on stability. The more significant the pressure fluctuation propagation is, the more significant the influence of branch length physical characteristics on airflow distribution is. The expression can be: in, Indicates the reference branch length, and its specific value can be set based on historical data. Indicates the length of the target stack branch pipe, is the structural coupling factor, the normalized compensation of the branch pipe diameter difference. The larger the diameter difference, The smaller.

[0063] The expression can be: in, Indicates the branch pipe diameter of the target stack, Indicates the base diameter of the branch pipe. Indicates the maximum difference diameter.

[0064] Indicates the operating parameter coupling coefficient, which is adjusted based on the historical correlation coefficient fluctuations between the voltage-current and temperature-flow between the stacks. .

[0065]

[0066] In the formula, , represents the voltage and current of the target battery stack at time t, , Indicates the average voltage and current within the preset time period. , Indicates the standard deviation of voltage and current. U indicates the number of voltage and current collected in the preset time period. When it approaches 1, it indicates that the voltage and current are strongly positively correlated, indicating that the battery stack is in a high-efficiency and stable state; When it approaches -1, the voltage and current are strongly negatively correlated, and electrolyte degradation or fuel supply abnormality may occur.

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, represents the target stack cathode inlet temperature, Indicates the real-time flow rate of the branch pipe corresponding to the target stack. , Indicates the average value of temperature and flow. G indicates the number of temperatures and real-time flows collected within the preset time period. When it approaches 1, the temperature is positively correlated with the flow rate, indicating insufficient air cooling (the flow rate increases but the temperature rises); when When it approaches -1, the temperature is negatively correlated with the flow rate, indicating that the cooling efficiency is normal (increasing the flow rate effectively reduces the temperature).

[0069] Normalize the stability of the associated battery stacks to eliminate the deviation caused by the fluctuation interference of the overall stability of the system and highlight the relative impact. It represents the first stability weight of the j-th associated fuel cell stack, and its calculation method is the same as that of the first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack, that is, each fuel cell stack can be calculated as a target fuel cell stack in different scenarios, and the target fuel cell stack and the associated fuel cell stack are relative, not fixed.

[0070] represents the time decay factor, Represents the time decay coefficient, which controls the weight decay rate of historical data. Over time, it reduces the reference value of old data and ensures that the system responds to the latest status first. The time decay factor avoids the long-term negative impact of historical abnormal data (such as short-term failures) and improves the robustness of the system.

[0071] Optional, dynamic weight factor The expression is:

[0072] In the formula, represents the physical distance between the jth associated battery stack and the target battery stack, represents the temperature difference between the jth associated stack and the target stack, Indicates the reference temperature.

[0073] and Inversely proportional, the farther the distance, the lower the contribution. The bigger, Exponential decay reduces the chain risk caused by heat conduction; implements the compensation strategy of "near-end priority, low-temperature priority" to suppress the interference of remote or high-temperature associated battery stacks.

[0074] Based on the above technical solution, the risk of cascading imbalance of multi-stack system can be effectively suppressed through dual coupling modeling of space and operation parameters; and Realize the intelligent compensation logic of "who is stable, who is adjacent, and who contributes the most"; the time decay factor takes into account both the latest data response and the isolation of historical anomalies to adapt to complex working conditions.

[0075] S40: Adjust the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0076] Optionally, the step of adjusting the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight includes: S401, setting a multi-level control mode based on the interval range of the second stability weight; S402, when the second stability weight is within a first preset interval, reducing the air flow rate of the target fuel cell stack to a preset proportion below a reference air flow rate; S403, when the second stability weight is within a second preset interval, maintaining the air flow fluctuation of the target fuel cell stack within a preset range; S404, when the second stability weight is within a third preset interval, dynamically increasing the air flow of the target fuel cell stack; S405: When the second stability weight is within a fourth preset interval, start the backup flow path to increase the air flow of the target fuel cell stack to a preset proportion above the baseline air flow.

[0077] The interval range based on the second stability weight, for example: The first preset interval is , indicating that the target stack is in high-efficiency optimization mode, with high electrochemical efficiency, uniform temperature, and strong synergy of related stacks; at this time, the target stack flow rate is reduced to 85% of the baseline flow rate, and according to Proportionally distribute 15% of the redundant flow to the associated stack that needs additional flow to compensate for its oxygen gap or enhance cooling. The flow control can be controlled by adjusting the valve opening on the branch pipe. Reduce excessive air supply to avoid excessive cooling that causes the electrolyte temperature to be too low (affecting conductivity), while reducing fan energy consumption. When the stack is operating efficiently, the cathode oxygen concentration demand can be met by a lower flow rate, and the temperature uniformity indicates that no additional cooling is required.

[0078] The second preset interval is , indicating that the target stack is in steady-state maintenance mode, the stack is running stably, but there are slight fluctuations, such as a slight increase in temperature gradient or flow fluctuations; at this time, the target stack baseline flow can be maintained at plus or minus 3%, and the associated stack can be fine-tuned by plus or minus 2%. Small-range fluctuations can be used to suppress short-term disturbances in voltage or temperature, such as load fluctuations, to prevent over-adjustment from causing oscillations. By fine-tuning the associated stack, the main pipe pressure fluctuations can be balanced to avoid coupling interference of single branch pipe adjustments on the global situation.

[0079] The third preset interval is , indicating that the target stack is in dynamic compensation mode, the stack efficiency is reduced, the cooling is insufficient, or the associated stack coupling interference is significant; at this time, the target stack follows Perform linear current increase, where the value of K can be set according to historical data, and the associated battery stack reduces the current in proportion to the weight (maximum -25%). The decrease may be due to insufficient oxygen (concentration polarization). Increasing the flow can increase the cathode oxygen concentration and restore the reaction rate. The flow increases but the temperature rises. Increasing the flow strengthens the convection cooling and suppresses overheating. By reducing the flow of the associated stack, the pressure balance of the main pipe is maintained to prevent the global instability caused by the increase of the flow of the target stack.

[0080] The fourth preset interval is , indicating that the target stack is in emergency protection mode, and the stack is seriously abnormal, such as voltage drop, temperature out of control, and there is a risk of thermal cracking or fault spread; the backup flow channel is started, and the flow of the target stack surges to twice the baseline flow, or the air intake channel of the target stack is cut off, so that the target stack stops working, and an alarm message is issued, triggering thermal isolation, and the associated stack flow is locked to a safe threshold. Forced cooling through ultra-high flow prevents thermal runaway, such as electrolyte melting or connector deformation; emergency flow increase can quickly reduce the temperature of the stack. By locking the associated stack flow, the fault propagation path is blocked to prevent abnormal pressure or temperature fluctuations from spreading to healthy stacks. The interval boundary is fuzzy processed, and the Sigmoid function is used for smooth transition to avoid sudden step changes in flow.

[0081] Example 3 On the basis of Example 1, this embodiment provides an adaptive air distribution system applied to a SOFC power generation system, the SOFC power generation system includes an intake manifold and a plurality of intake branches connected to the intake manifold, the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, including: A first stability weight acquisition module, configured to evaluate a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period; An associated battery stack acquisition module, configured to acquire at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack; a second stability weight acquisition module configured to acquire a second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; An air distribution module is configured to adjust an air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0082] Example 4 This embodiment provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the above methods.

[0083] Example 5 This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and a processor executes the computer program to implement any of the above methods.

[0084] In some embodiments, the computer readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disk, or CD-ROM; or various devices including one or any combination of the above memories. The computer may be various computing devices including intelligent terminals and servers.

[0085] In the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0086] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of units can be a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0087] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed over multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0088] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0089] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable non-volatile storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present disclosure is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a non-volatile storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present disclosure. The aforementioned non-volatile storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0090] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An adaptive air distribution method applied to a SOFC power generation system, wherein the SOFC power generation system comprises an air intake manifold and a plurality of air intake branches connected to the air intake manifold, wherein the outlet ends of the plurality of air intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, and wherein: include: Evaluating a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period; Acquire at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack; Acquire a second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; Based on the second stability weight, an air distribution strategy is adjusted.

2. The adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of evaluating a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period includes: The first stability factor includes a gas flow data set, a voltage data set, a temperature data set, and a historical maintenance data set in a preset time period; According to the gas flow data set, obtaining cathode gas flow fluctuation rate; According to the voltage data set, obtaining a voltage attenuation gradient; According to the temperature data set, obtaining temperature distribution uniformity; Obtaining a failure rate according to the historical maintenance data set; Based on the cathode gas flow rate fluctuation rate, the voltage attenuation gradient, the temperature distribution uniformity and the failure rate, a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack is obtained.

3. The adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression for evaluating the first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to the first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in the preset time period is: In the formula, represents the first stability weight, , , and Represent the weight coefficient of each parameter, Indicates instantaneous flow rate, represents the average flow rate in the preset time period, N represents the number of instantaneous flow data collected, Indicates the flow fluctuation threshold. Indicates the attenuation gradient of the voltage in the preset time period, represents the voltage attenuation sensitivity coefficient, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data, represents the reference temperature, represents the failure rate, Indicates the critical failure rate threshold.

4. The adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of acquiring at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack includes: According to the property information of the target fuel cell stack, obtaining the target intake branch pipe information connected to the target fuel cell stack; According to the target intake branch pipe information, tracing back the intake manifold connected with the target intake branch pipe; According to the intake manifold, information of at least one fuel cell stack connected to the intake manifold is obtained and marked as an associated fuel cell stack.

5. The adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of acquiring the second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to the second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight comprises: The second stability factor includes the length of the intake branch pipe of the target fuel cell stack, the diameter of the intake branch pipe, the voltage and current correlation coefficient of the associated fuel cell stack, the temperature and flow correlation coefficient, the physical distance between the target fuel cell stack and the associated fuel cell stack, and the temperature difference between the target fuel cell stack and the associated fuel cell stack.

6. The adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression for obtaining the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight is: In the formula, represents the first stability weight, represents the second stability weight, represents the spatial association weight coefficient, represents the structural coupling factor, represents the operating parameter coupling coefficient, Indicates the number of associated battery stacks, represents the dynamic weight coefficient, represents the first stability weight of the jth associated stack, represents the average stability weight of the system, represents the time attenuation coefficient, and t represents the interval between the current time and the data collection time.

7. The adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Dynamic weight coefficient The expression is: In the formula, represents the physical distance between the jth associated battery stack and the target battery stack, represents the temperature difference between the jth associated stack and the target stack, Indicates the reference temperature.

8. The adaptive air distribution method applied to a sofc power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight comprises: Based on the interval range of the second stability weight, a multi-level control mode is set; When the second stability weight is within a first preset interval, reducing the air flow of the target fuel cell stack to a preset proportion below the baseline air flow; When the second stability weight is within a second preset interval, maintaining the air flow fluctuation of the target fuel cell stack within a preset range; When the second stability weight is within a third preset interval, dynamically increasing the air flow of the target fuel cell stack; When the second stability weight is within a fourth preset interval, the backup flow path is activated to increase the air flow of the target fuel cell stack to a preset proportion above the baseline air flow.

9. An adaptive air distribution system applied to a SOFC power generation system, the SOFC power generation system comprising an intake manifold and a plurality of intake branches connected to the intake manifold, the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, characterized in that: include: A first stability weight acquisition module, configured to evaluate a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period; an associated battery stack acquisition module, configured to acquire at least one associated battery stack associated with the target battery stack according to the attribute information of the target battery stack; a second stability weight acquisition module configured to acquire a second stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a second stability factor of the associated fuel cell stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; An air distribution module is configured to adjust an air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

10. A computer device, characterized in that: The computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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