A multi-time scale control method for electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen considering battery step utilization

Abstract

The application provides a kind of multi-time scale control method of electric heat gas hydrogen considering battery step utilization.The method comprises the following steps: establishing a retirement battery remaining life loss model based on the number of charge and discharge cycles;Establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model of retired battery;Calculate the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system;When implementing low-carbon economic regulation strategy, calculate the cost of abandoned wind and light, the cost of purchasing electricity and gas, and the operation and maintenance cost;Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading, and then calculate the actual total carbon emission;According to the different time scale of energy supply and electrical and thermal load demand, and considering the complementary influence of the short-time characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristics of the heat and hydrogen energy storage system, a multi-time scale control model of electric heat gas hydrogen considering the step utilization of the retired battery is established.The application carries out multi-time scale coupling control of electric heat gas hydrogen considering the step utilization of the battery, and improves the economy and low carbon of the system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of system operation and control, in particular to a multi-time scale control method of electricity-heat-gas-hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the sustained growth of economy, the demand for traditional energy sources has rapidly expanded, while the demand for new energy sources has also emerged. Based on the principle of energy complementarity and step-by-step utilization, the overall planning of multi-energy system coupling aims to improve energy utilization efficiency and system stability. In addition, with the explosive growth of the electric vehicle market, a large number of power batteries will soon reach the peak of retirement. These retired batteries have significant application potential in the field of new power systems. By recombining single battery modules with good performance and applying them to energy storage scenarios with low battery performance requirements, not only can the full life cycle value of power batteries be maximized, but also the cost of the energy storage system can be effectively reduced.

[0003] The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasizes the importance of safety in the process of retired power battery cascade utilization in the "New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Cascade Utilization Management Measures", and stipulates that the battery performance must meet the standards. At the same time, the multi-energy coupling control system will produce carbon emissions during operation due to energy conversion and equipment operation. Therefore, the current focus of research is on how to implement the cascade utilization of retired batteries while achieving low-carbon operation of the system and ensuring its safe and stable operation.

[0004] Currently, the energy storage means applied in the power system is mainly used to alleviate short-term power fluctuations, but its smoothing effect is limited for the mismatch between long-time scale renewable energy output and load demand. In order to cope with the lack of electricity at different time scales, large-capacity, long-time energy storage technology is needed. As an important means of large-scale, long-term energy storage, multi-time scale energy storage can realize cross-time, cross-space energy scheduling, which is of great significance for promoting the consumption of high-proportion renewable energy. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the problems in the prior art or related art.

[0006] To this end, the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery cascade utilization considering electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale control method. Specifically, the battery cascade utilization considering electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale control method determines the factors affecting the remaining life of the retired battery by analyzing the influence of the operating characteristics of the retired battery on the life loss, and establishes a retired battery remaining life loss model based on the number of charge and discharge cycles; by considering the influence of the life loss of the retired battery on the battery charge and discharge margin, a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model of the retired battery is established; by considering the safety margin of the retired battery, multi-time scale optimization control of electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen is realized; by solving the problem of multi-time scale low-carbon economic optimization of electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen cascade utilization of retired batteries, the economy and low carbon of the system operation are ensured.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application provides a battery cascade utilization considering electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale control method. The battery cascade utilization considering electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale control method comprises: step S1: analyzing the influence of the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, to establish a retired battery remaining life loss model based on the number of charge and discharge cycles; step S2: based on the retired battery remaining life loss model, analyzing the charge and discharge margin characteristics of the retired battery, to establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model of the retired battery; step S3: calculating the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system; step S4: based on the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system, calculating the cost of abandoned wind and light, the cost of purchasing electricity and gas, and the operation and maintenance cost when implementing low-carbon economic regulation strategy; step S5: establishing a carbon emission quota allocation model of carbon trading in a free distribution manner, and then calculating the actual total carbon emission; step S6: according to the different time scale energy supply and electrical and thermal load demand, and considering the complementary influence of the short-time characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristics of the thermal, gas and hydrogen energy storage system, an electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale control model considering the cascade utilization of the retired battery is constructed.

[0008] Preferably, the step S1 specifically comprises:

[0009] Step S1.1: based on the fact that the capacity retention rate decays according to a power function relationship with the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery, the mathematical expression of the capacity retention rate is established as:

[0010] Q(n)=Q0-χ·n τ (1)

[0011] In formula (1), n is the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery; Q(n) is the capacity retention rate of the retired battery after n charge and discharge cycles; Q0, χ and τ are the initial capacity retention rate, capacity decay coefficient and power index of the retired battery, respectively;

[0012] Step S1.2: establishing the maximum available cycle number n of the retired battery s The mathematical expression is:

[0013]

[0014] In formula (2), Q m is the capacity retention rate threshold, when the capacity retention rate Q(n) decays to the capacity retention rate threshold Q m , the retired battery is scrapped;

[0015] Step S1.3: when the power battery is retired from the electric vehicle, at this time the power battery is the retired battery, then the cycle number n of the retired battery is established r The mathematical expression is:

[0016]

[0017] In formula (3), Y is the service life of the power battery when it is retired; e is the power consumption per 100 kilometers of the electric vehicle; E(D) is the expected value of the daily driving distance of the electric vehicle; A e represents the rated capacity of the retired battery;

[0018] Step S1.4: the mathematical expression of the charge-discharge cycle number n of the retired battery is established as:

[0019] n=n s -n r (4)

[0020] Step S1.5: the mathematical expression of the retired battery remaining life consumption model based on the charge-discharge cycle number is established as:

[0021] A SL =A c ·[Q(n r )-Q m ] (5)

[0023] In formula (5), A SL is the remaining available interval capacity of the retired battery; A c is the cell capacity of the retired battery.

[0024] Preferably, the step S2 specifically comprises:

[0025] Step S2.1: the mathematical expression of the charge-discharge depth β of the power battery at t1-t2 is established as:

[0026]

[0027] In formula (6), P b(t) is the output power of the power battery t period;

[0028] Step S2.2: when the power battery on the electric vehicle is charged and discharged N times, the mathematical expression of the corresponding life attenuation δ(t) of the power battery is established as:

[0029]

[0030] In formula (7), N is the number of times of charging and discharging the power battery;

[0031] Step S2.3: the mathematical expression of the charging and discharging model of the retired battery is established as:

[0032]

[0033] In formula (8), A(t) is the energy storage of the retired battery at t period; A(t-1) is the energy storage of the retired battery at (t-1) period; P dis (t) is the charging power of the retired battery at t period; P cha (t) is the discharging power of the retired battery at t period; η c , η d respectively represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of the retired battery; Δt is the time interval;

[0034] Step S2.4: based on steps S2.2 and S2.3, the SOC value S OC (t) of the retired battery at the current t period is obtained, and the mathematical expression of S

[0035]

[0036] In formula (9), S OC (t-1) represents the SOC value of the retired battery at (t-1) period;

[0037] Step S2.5: the mathematical expression of the relationship between the state of charge of the energy storage of the retired battery and the charging and discharging power of the retired battery is established as:

[0038]

[0039] In formula (10), P e represents the rated power of the retired battery;

[0040] Step S2.6: the mathematical expression of the multi-parameter charging and discharging margin model of the retired battery is established as:

[0041]

[0042] In formula (11), S OCmin , S OCmaxrespectively, are upper and lower limits of state of charge of the retired battery; S OC,0 is initial state of charge of the retired battery; ψ T is temperature correction coefficient; T k is current cut-off time; i(t) is working current.

[0043] Preferably, the step S3 specifically comprises:

[0044] Step S3.1: establishing initial investment cost f a of the retired battery energy storage system, the mathematical expression of which is:

[0045]

[0046] In formula (12), the initial investment cost f a of the retired battery energy storage system is composed of unit capacity cost and power cost; γ is yield of the product; f e is unit capacity cost of the retired battery energy storage system; f p is power cost of the retired battery energy storage system; P e is rated power of the retired battery energy storage system;

[0047] Step S3.2: establishing operation and maintenance cost f b of the retired battery energy storage system, the mathematical expression of which is:

[0048] f b = f e · A e · (1 + R b ) -(y-1) (13)

[0049] In formula (13), R b is benchmark yield; y is year;

[0050] Step S3.3: when the retired battery energy storage system operates for d days, the mathematical expression of peak-valley arbitrage income f c of the retired battery energy storage system is:

[0051]

[0052] In formula (14), d e (t) is real-time transaction price; d is total number of days of operation of the retired battery energy storage system; t is number of hours in a day;

[0053] Step S3.4: when the retired battery energy storage system operates in the yth year, the mathematical expression of income f d obtained by the retired battery energy storage system through carbon emission reduction is:

[0054] fd = d · C CT · C D · (1 + R b ) -(y-1) (15)

[0055] In formula (15), C CT is the carbon trading unit price; and C D is the carbon emission reduction amount.

[0056] Preferably, the step S4 specifically comprises:

[0057] Step S4.1: establishing a mathematical expression of the abandoned wind and light cost f w The mathematical expression of the abandoned wind and light cost f w is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] In formula (16), ΔC wp (t) and ΔC p (t) are the abandoned wind amount and the abandoned light amount, respectively; β w is the abandoned wind and light cost coefficient;

[0060] Step S4.2: establishing a mathematical expression of the purchased electricity and gas cost f g The mathematical expression of the purchased electricity and gas cost f g is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] In formula (17), C e (t) is the purchased electricity amount; d g (t) is the real-time trading gas price; C g (t) is the purchased gas amount;

[0063] Step S4.3: establishing a mathematical expression of the operation and maintenance cost f E The mathematical expression of the operation and maintenance cost f E is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] In formula (18), the operation and maintenance cost f E is the sum of the operation and maintenance costs of the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen energy coupling devices; k i is the operation and maintenance coefficient of the energy device i; and P t,i is the output power at t.

[0066] Preferably, the step S5 specifically comprises:

[0067] Step S5.1: establishing a carbon emission quota allocation model of the carbon trading in a free distribution manner; wherein the mathematical expression of the carbon emission quota allocation model of the carbon trading is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] In formula (19), C is the total carbon quota; C g , C CHP , C GB are the free carbon quotas of external power purchase, cogeneration units, and gas boilers respectively; θ g is the carbon emission coefficient per unit of power of the upper-level power grid; sum(·) represents the summation of numerical matrices; θ e , θ q are the carbon quota coefficient per unit of power and the carbon quota coefficient per unit of heat respectively; γ e,q is the conversion coefficient of power generation to heat supply; P GT (t) is the power output value of the gas turbine; P GB (t), P WHB (t) are the heat power output values of the gas boiler and the waste heat boiler respectively;

[0070] Step S5.2: Incorporate the effect of carbon dioxide capture and utilization of the methane reactor to calculate the actual total carbon emission C', and the mathematical expression is:

[0071]

[0072] In formula (20), C' is the actual total carbon emission; C g ', C' G are the actual carbon emissions of external power purchase and the gas unit respectively; C MR is the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the methane reactor; P G (t) is the equivalent output power of the gas unit; η MR is the efficiency coefficient of absorbing carbon dioxide in the conversion process of the methane reactor; a1, b1, c1 are parameters for calculating the carbon emission of external power purchase; a2, b2, c2 are parameters for calculating the carbon emission of the gas unit.

[0073] Preferably, the step S6 specifically comprises:

[0074] Step S6.1: Under the premise of meeting the electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen load demand, taking the minimum system operation cost and the minimum carbon emission as the objective function, the mathematical expression of the long-time scale low-carbon economic optimization model of electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen is:

[0075]

[0076] In formula (21), f is the total cost; f1 is the economic cost; f2 is the low-carbon cost; f r is the operation cost of each subject of the system; f g is the energy purchase cost of the power grid, gas grid, and heat grid; f w is the penalty cost of curtailment of wind and light; fE k1, k2 are the proportions of economic target and low-carbon target in total target respectively, k1+k2=1; C i (t) is the carbon emission of the i-th subject at time t; λ is the reward and punishment coefficient of different seasons; d is the number of days measured in each quarter;

[0077] Step S6.2: considering the complementary influence of the short-time characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristics of the heat, gas and hydrogen energy storage systems, the cost of the retired battery system is counted into the total operation cost to construct an electric heat gas hydrogen short-time scale control model considering the cascade utilization of retired batteries:

[0078]

[0079] In formula (22), f a is the initial investment cost of the retired battery energy storage system; f b is the operation and maintenance cost of the retired battery energy storage system; C'(t) is the actual total carbon emission at time t.

[0080] Preferably, the cell capacity A c of the battery is mAh.

[0081] Preferably, the unit capacity cost f e of the retired battery energy storage system is ten thousand yuan / MWh; the power cost f p of the retired battery energy storage system is ten thousand yuan / MW; and the rated power P e of the retired battery energy storage system is MW.

[0082] Advantages of the present application:

[0083] The electric heat gas hydrogen multi-time scale control method considering the cascade utilization of batteries provided by the present application analyzes the influence of the remaining available interval capacity, the charge and discharge cycle number and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, considers the battery life loss characteristics to establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model of the retired battery; based on the differences of energy supply and heat gas hydrogen load demand at different time scales, the complementary influence of the short-time characteristics of the battery energy storage and the long-time characteristics of the gas, heat and hydrogen energy storage is considered, the proportion of electric heat gas hydrogen energy supply is dynamically adjusted according to the electricity price at different times, and an electric heat gas hydrogen multi-time scale control model considering the safety margin of the retired battery is constructed; under the premise of meeting the heat gas hydrogen load demand, the minimum system operation cost and the minimum carbon emission are taken as the objective function, and the electric heat gas hydrogen multi-time scale low-carbon economic optimization control is carried out. Considering the life loss and safety margin of the retired battery, the electric heat gas hydrogen is coupled and controlled at multiple time scales, and the economy and low carbon of the system are improved.

[0084] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the following description, which is provided for the purpose of illustration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0085] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a multi-time scale control method of electro-thermal gas hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization is shown for one embodiment of the present application;

[0086] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a multi-time scale control method of electro-thermal gas hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization is shown for another embodiment of the present application;

[0087] Figure 3 A multi-time scale optimization control architecture diagram of electro-thermal gas hydrogen is shown for one embodiment of the present application;

[0088] Figure 4 An electro-thermal gas hydrogen storage capacity variation diagram is shown for one embodiment of the present application;

[0089] Figure 5 An electric power balance result diagram under a typical scenario is shown for one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application, as Figures 1 to 5 shown in the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, the present application is further described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0091] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0092] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a multi-time scale control method of electro-thermal gas hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization is shown for one embodiment of the present application. As Figure 1As shown, the multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization comprises: analyzing factors affecting the remaining life of the retired battery; constructing a multi-parameter charging and discharging margin model of the retired battery; establishing a carbon quota allocation model; analyzing energy supply and load demand characteristics; constructing a multi-time scale control model of electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen; performing seasonal control; after the seasonal control, judging whether the system is in low-carbon economic operation; when the result is no, continuing to perform seasonal control; when the result is yes, performing daily control; performing hourly control; after the hourly control, judging whether the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen load demand is met; when the result is yes, the optimization control of the system is completed; when the result is no, returning to the step of daily control;

[0093] The step of performing seasonal control specifically comprises: establishing a seasonal optimization control model; solving to obtain a seasonal energy storage output plan; the step of performing daily control specifically comprises: formulating a daily carbon emission plan according to the seasonal plan and load prediction; the step of performing hourly control specifically comprises: adjusting the battery energy storage system output according to the daily plan and load demand; adjusting the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen coupled output.

[0094] In this embodiment, the multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization provided by the present application first analyzes the influence of the remaining available capacity, the charging and discharging cycle number and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life thereof, considers the battery life loss characteristics, and establishes a multi-parameter charging and discharging margin model of the retired battery; secondly, analyzes the carbon emission characteristics of the system in the "hourly-daily-seasonal" time scale, and establishes a carbon quota allocation model in a free allocation manner; based on the difference between energy supply and load demand, considers the complementary influence of the short-time characteristics of the battery energy storage and the long-time characteristics of the thermal, gas and hydrogen energy storages, and constructs a multi-time scale control model of electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen considering the safety margin of the retired battery; finally, controls the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen in the short time scale under the condition of meeting the load demand; establishes a seasonal electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen low-carbon economic control model with the lowest life cycle operation cost and the least carbon emission as the target. The control method of the present application considers the life loss and safety margin of the retired battery, performs multi-time scale coupled control of the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization, and improves the economy and low carbon property of the system.

[0095] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of the multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization of another embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown, Figure 2 The multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen considering battery cascade utilization comprises:

[0096] Step S1: analyzing the influence of the remaining available interval capacity, the charging and discharging cycle number and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, to establish a retired battery remaining life loss model based on the charging and discharging cycle number;

[0097] Step S2: Analyze the charge-discharge margin characteristics of retired batteries based on the remaining life loss model of retired batteries, so as to establish a multi-parameter charge-discharge margin model for retired batteries;

[0098] Step S3: Calculate the cost model of the decommissioned battery energy storage system;

[0099] Step S4: Based on the cost model of retired battery energy storage systems, calculate the costs of wind and solar curtailment, electricity and gas purchase, and operation and maintenance costs when implementing low-carbon economic regulation strategies.

[0100] Step S5: Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading using a free allocation method, and then calculate the actual total carbon emissions;

[0101] Step S6: Based on the different energy supply and electrical heat load demands at different time scales, and considering the complementary influence of the short-term characteristics of retired battery energy storage systems and the long-term characteristics of thermal, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, construct a multi-time scale control model for the cascade utilization of retired batteries, which includes electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen.

[0102] In this embodiment, the present invention provides a multi-timescale control method for electrothermal hydrogen energy considering battery cascade utilization. It analyzes the impact of the remaining usable capacity, charge-discharge cycle count, and capacity retention rate of retired batteries on their remaining lifespan. A multi-parameter charge-discharge margin model for retired batteries is established, taking into account battery lifespan degradation characteristics. Based on the different energy supply and electrothermal hydrogen load demands at different timescales, and considering the complementary influence of the short-term characteristics of battery energy storage and the long-term characteristics of thermal, gas, and hydrogen energy storage, the proportion of electrothermal hydrogen energy supply is dynamically adjusted according to electricity prices at different times. This constructs a multi-timescale control model for electrothermal hydrogen energy considering the safety margin of retired batteries. Under the premise of meeting the electrothermal hydrogen load demand, the objective function is to minimize system operating costs and carbon emissions, performing low-carbon economic optimization control of electrothermal hydrogen energy across multiple timescales. By considering the lifespan degradation and safety margin of retired batteries, coupled control of electrothermal hydrogen energy is implemented across multiple timescales, improving the system's economy and low-carbon performance.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cell capacity A of the battery is... c The unit is mAh.

[0104] In one embodiment of the present invention, the unit capacity cost f of the decommissioned battery energy storage system e The unit is 10,000 yuan / MWh; the power cost f of retired battery energy storage systems p The unit is 10,000 yuan / MW; the rated power P of the retired battery energy storage system e The unit is MW.

[0105] Figure 3An electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale optimization control architecture diagram of one embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown in Figure 3 , the composition and hierarchical relationship of the electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale optimization control architecture can be obtained. The purpose is to clearly express the coordination and optimization mechanism between systems in the optimization control architecture.

[0106] Figure 4 An electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen energy storage capacity change diagram of one embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown in Figure 4 , the capacity change of each energy storage system of the electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen over time or conditions can be obtained. The purpose is to visually show the dynamic change and optimization potential of the energy storage capacity.

[0107] Figure 5 An electrical power balance result diagram under a typical scenario of one embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown in Figure 5 , the power of the power system reaches a balanced state under the typical scenario. The purpose is to show the actual effect of the present application in maintaining electrical power balance.

[0108] The following will show the electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control method considering battery step utilization of the present application with a specific embodiment.

[0109] The implementation steps of the electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control method considering battery step utilization of the specific embodiment are as follows:

[0110] (1) Step S1: analyze the influence of the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, to establish a retired battery remaining life loss model based on the number of charge and discharge cycles.

[0111] The step S1 specifically includes:

[0112] Step S1.1: based on the fact that the decay law of the capacity retention rate with the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery conforms to a power function relationship, a mathematical expression of the capacity retention rate is established as:

[0113] Q(n)=Q0-χ·n τ (1)

[0114] In formula (1), n is the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery; Q(n) is the capacity retention rate after the retired battery is charged and discharged n times; Q0, χ, and τ are the initial capacity retention rate, the capacity decay coefficient, and the power index of the retired battery, respectively;

[0115] Step S1.2: a mathematical expression of the maximum available cycle number n s of the retired battery is established as:

[0116]

[0117] In formula (2), Q m is a capacity retention rate threshold, when the capacity retention rate Q(n) decays to the capacity retention rate threshold Q m , the retired battery is scrapped;

[0118] Step S1.3: When the power battery is retired from the electric vehicle, at this time the power battery is a retired battery, the number of cycles n r of the retired battery is established.

[0119]

[0120] In formula (3), Y is the service life of the power battery when it is retired; e is the power consumption per 100 kilometers of the electric vehicle; E(D) is the expected value of the daily driving distance of the electric vehicle; A e represents the rated capacity of the retired battery;

[0121] Step S1.4: The mathematical expression of the number of charge and discharge cycles n of the retired battery is established as:

[0122] n=n s -n r (4)

[0123] Step S1.5: The mathematical expression of the retired battery remaining life consumption model based on the number of charge and discharge cycles is established as:

[0124] A SL =A c ·[Q(n r )-Q m ] (5)

[0126] In formula (5), A SL is the remaining available interval capacity of the retired battery; A c is the cell capacity of the retired battery.

[0127] (2) Step S2: Based on the retired battery remaining life consumption model, the charge and discharge margin characteristics of the retired battery are analyzed to establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model of the retired battery.

[0128] The step S2 specifically includes:

[0129] Step S2.1: The mathematical expression of the charge and discharge depth β of the power battery at t1-t2 is established as:

[0130]

[0131] In formula (6), P b (t) is the output power of the power battery at t period.

[0132] Step S2.2: assuming that the power battery on the electric vehicle is charged and discharged for N times, the mathematical expression of the corresponding life attenuation δ(t) of the power battery is established as follows:

[0133]

[0134] In formula (7), N is the number of times of charging and discharging of the power battery;

[0135] Step S2.3: the mathematical expression of the charging and discharging model of the retired battery is established as follows:

[0136]

[0137] In formula (8), A(t) is the energy storage of the retired battery at the t period; A(t-1) is the energy storage of the retired battery at the (t-1) period; P dis (t) is the charging power of the retired battery at the t period; P cha (t) is the discharging power of the retired battery at the t period; η c , η d respectively represent the charging efficiency and the discharging efficiency of the retired battery; Δt is the time interval;

[0138] Step S2.4: based on step S2.2 and step S2.3, the mathematical expression of the SOC value S OC (t) of the retired battery at the current t period is obtained as follows:

[0139]

[0140] In formula (9), S OC (t-1) represents the SOC value of the retired battery at the (t-1) period;

[0141] Step S2.5: the mathematical expression of the relationship between the state of charge of the energy storage of the retired battery and the charging and discharging power of the retired battery is established as follows:

[0142]

[0143] In formula (10), P e represents the rated power of the retired battery;

[0144] Step S2.6: the mathematical expression of the multi-parameter charging and discharging margin model of the retired battery is established as follows:

[0145]

[0146] In formula (11), S OCmin , S OCmax are the upper and lower limits of the state of charge of the retired battery; S OC,0SoC is the initial state of charge of the retired battery; ψ T T is the temperature correction coefficient; T k i(t) is the working current.

[0147] Further, the limit of output power can be calculated from the safety margin of the retired battery:

[0148]

[0149] In formula (13), P min , P max are the upper and lower limits of the output power of the retired battery;

[0150] Further, the constraint conditions of the retired battery energy storage model include the charge and discharge power limits of the system, the charge and discharge quantity balance constraints and the state of charge constraints:

[0151] Charge and discharge power upper and lower limit constraints:

[0152]

[0153] In the formula, Pmaxcha and Pmaxdis are the upper limits of the charging power P cha and the discharging power P dis ; U cha (t) and U dis (t) are the charging and discharging potentials of the retired battery energy storage, respectively, and are 0-1 variables.

[0154] Charge and discharge quantity balance constraints:

[0155]

[0156] State of charge constraints:

[0157]

[0158] Further, the constraints of the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen coupling control model are represented as follows:

[0159] Electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen power balance constraints:

[0160]

[0161] In the formula, P(t) is the electric load of the system at the tthmoment; P WG (t) is the output power of the wind turbine; P CHP (t) is the power generation of the combined heat and power unit at the tthmoment; P HFC (t) is the power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tthmoment; P EL (t) is the power consumption of the electrolyzer at the tthmoment; P cha (t) and Pdis (t) is the charging and discharging power of the retired battery at the tth moment; Q(t) is the heat load of the system at the tth moment; Q GB (t) is the heat generation of the gas-fired boiler at the tth moment; Q HFC (t) is the heat generation of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment; Q CHP (t) is the heat generation of the cogeneration unit at the tth moment; Q ES,chr (t), Q ES,dis (t) is the charging and discharging power of the hydrogen storage tank at the tth moment; G(t) is the gas load of the system at the tth moment; G CHP (t) is the heat generation of the cogeneration unit at the tth moment; G GB (t) is the gas consumption power of the gas-fired boiler at the tth moment; G MR (t) is the natural gas power generated by the methane generator at the tth moment; H(t) is the hydrogen load of the system at the tth moment; H MR (t) is the hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator at the tth moment; H HFC (t) is the hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment; H ES,chr (t), H ES,dis (t) is the charging and discharging hydrogen power of the hydrogen storage tank at the tth moment.

[0162] Wind and solar power output uncertainty constraints:

[0163]

[0164] In the formula, P w,max , P p,max , and P w,min , P p,min are the maximum and minimum values of the wind and solar power limit interval at the tth moment.

[0165] (3) Step S3: Calculate the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system.

[0166] The step S3 specifically comprises:

[0167] Step S3.1: Establish the initial investment cost f a of the retired battery energy storage system.

[0168]

[0169] In formula (12), the initial investment cost f a of the retired battery energy storage system is composed of the unit capacity cost and the power cost; γ is the yield of the product; f e is the unit capacity cost of the retired battery energy storage system; f p is the power cost of the retired battery energy storage system; P eThe rated power of the retired battery energy storage system;

[0170] Step S3.2: Establishing the operation and maintenance cost f of the retired battery energy storage system b The mathematical expression is:

[0171] f b = f e · A e · (1+R b ) -(y-1) (13)

[0172] In formula (13), R b is the benchmark yield; y is the annual;

[0173] Step S3.3: When the retired battery energy storage system operates for d days, the peak-valley arbitrage income f c of the retired battery energy storage system is:

[0174]

[0175] In formula (14), d e (t) is the real-time transaction electricity price; d is the total number of days of operation of the retired battery energy storage system; t is the number of hours in a day;

[0176] Step S3.4: When the retired battery energy storage system operates in the yth year, the income f d obtained by the retired battery energy storage system through carbon emission reduction is:

[0177] f d = d·C CT · C D · (1+R b ) -(y-1) (15)

[0178] In formula (15), C CT is the carbon trading unit price; C D is the carbon emission reduction amount.

[0179] (4) Step S4: Based on the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system, the cost of abandoned wind and light, the cost of purchasing electricity and gas, and the operation and maintenance cost are calculated when implementing the low-carbon economic regulation strategy.

[0180] Said step S4, specifically comprising:

[0181] Step S4.1: Establishing the mathematical expression of the abandoned wind and light cost f w :

[0182]

[0183] In formula (16), ΔCwp (t), AC p (t) are the abandoned wind and light amounts respectively; β w is the abandoned wind and light cost coefficient;

[0184] Step S4.2: Establish the electricity and gas purchase cost f g The mathematical expression of f

[0185]

[0186] In formula (17), C e (t) is the purchased electricity amount; d g (t) is the real-time transaction gas price; C g (t) is the purchased gas amount;

[0187] Step S4.3: Establish the operation and maintenance cost f E The mathematical expression of f

[0188]

[0189] In formula (18), f E is the sum of the operation and maintenance costs of the energy coupling devices of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen; k i is the operation and maintenance coefficient of the energy device i; P t,i is the output power at t.

[0190] (5) Step S5: A carbon emission quota allocation model of carbon trading is established in a free distribution manner, and the actual total carbon emission is calculated.

[0191] The step S5 specifically includes:

[0192] Step S5.1: A carbon emission quota allocation model of carbon trading is established in a free distribution manner; wherein the mathematical expression of the carbon emission quota allocation model of carbon trading is:

[0193]

[0194] In formula (19), C is the total carbon quota; C g , C CHP , C GB are the free carbon quotas of external electricity purchase, combined heat and power units, and gas boilers respectively; θ g is the carbon emission coefficient of the upper grid per unit of electricity; sum(·) represents the summation of the numerical matrix; θ e , θ q are the carbon quota coefficient per unit of electricity and the carbon quota coefficient per unit of heat respectively; γ e,q is the conversion coefficient of the power generation amount into the heat supply amount; P GT (t) is the power output value of the gas turbine; PGB (t), P WHB (t) are the heat power output values of the gas boiler and the waste heat boiler, respectively;

[0195] Step S5.2: Incorporate the capture and utilization effect of the methane reactor on carbon dioxide to calculate the actual total carbon emission C' The mathematical expression is:

[0196]

[0197] In formula (20), C' is the actual total carbon emission: C g ' and C G are the actual carbon emissions of the externally purchased electricity and the gas unit, respectively; C MR is the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the methane reactor; P G (t) is the equivalent output power of the gas unit; η MR is the efficiency coefficient of absorbing carbon dioxide in the conversion process of the methane reactor; a1, b1, c1 are parameters for calculating the carbon emission of externally purchased electricity; a2, b2, c2 are parameters for calculating the carbon emission of the gas unit.

[0198] (6) Step S6: According to the differences in energy supply and electrical and thermal load demand at different time scales, and considering the complementary effects of the short-time characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristics of the thermal, gas, and hydrogen energy storage system, an electrical, thermal, gas, and hydrogen multi-time scale control model considering the cascade utilization of retired batteries is constructed.

[0199] The step S6 specifically includes:

[0200] Step S6.1: Under the premise of meeting the electrical, thermal, gas, and hydrogen load demand, the mathematical expression of the long-time scale low-carbon economic optimization model of electrical, thermal, gas, and hydrogen is constructed with the lowest system operation cost and the least carbon emission as the objective function:

[0201]

[0202] In formula (21), f is the total cost; f1 is the economic cost; f2 is the low-carbon cost; f r is the operation cost of each subject of the system; f g is the energy purchase cost of the power grid, gas grid, and heat grid; f w is the penalty cost of curtailed wind and light; f E is the operation energy consumption cost; κ1 and κ2 are the proportions of the economic target and the low-carbon target in the total target, respectively, κ1+κ2=1; C i (t) is the carbon emission of the i-th subject at time t; λ is the reward and punishment coefficient of different seasons; d is the number of days measured and calculated in each quarter;

[0203] Step S6.2: considering the complementary effects of the short-time characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristics of the thermal, gas and hydrogen energy storage systems, the cost of the retired battery system is included in the total operation cost to construct an electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen short-time scale control model considering the cascade utilization of retired batteries:

[0204]

[0205] In formula (22), f a is the initial investment cost of the retired battery energy storage system; f b is the operation and maintenance cost of the retired battery energy storage system; and C'(t) is the actual total carbon emission at time t.

[0206] In summary, the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale control method considering the cascade utilization of batteries provided by the present application analyzes the influence of the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired batteries on the remaining life of the retired batteries, considers the battery life loss characteristics to establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model of the retired batteries; based on the differences of energy supply and electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen load demand at different time scales, the complementary effects of the short-time characteristics of the battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristics of the thermal, gas and hydrogen energy storage systems are considered, the proportion of electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen energy supply is dynamically adjusted according to the electricity price at different times, and an electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale control model considering the safety margin of the retired batteries is constructed; under the premise of meeting the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen load demand, the minimum system operation cost and the minimum carbon emission are taken as the objective function, and the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time scale low-carbon economic optimization control is performed. Considering the life loss and safety margin of the retired batteries, the electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen is coupled and controlled at multiple time scales, and the economy and low carbon of the system are improved.

[0207] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electric-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control method considering battery cascade utilization, comprising: Step S1: analyzing the influence of the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge-discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery to establish a retired battery remaining life loss model based on the number of charge-discharge cycles; Step S2: analyzing the charge-discharge margin characteristics of the retired battery based on the retired battery remaining life loss model to establish a multi-parameter charge-discharge margin model of the retired battery; Step S3: calculating a cost model of the retired battery energy storage system; Step S4: based on the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system, calculating the cost of abandoned wind and light, the cost of electricity and gas purchase, and the operation and maintenance cost when implementing low-carbon economic regulation strategies; Step S5: establishing a carbon emission quota allocation model of carbon trading in a free distribution manner, and then calculating the actual total carbon emissions; Step S6: according to the differences of energy supply and electrical-thermal load demand at different time scales, and considering the complementary effects of the short-time characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristics of the thermal, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, an electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control model considering the cascade utilization of the retired battery is constructed; The step S2 specifically comprises: Step S2.1: Establishing t 1 t 2 The depth of charge and discharge of the power battery at the moment β The mathematical expression is: （6） In formula (6), a power battery t an output power of the time period; a remaining available interval capacity of the retired battery Step S2.2: assuming that the number of charging and discharging times of the power battery applied on the electric vehicle is N times, the corresponding life attenuation amount of the power battery is established The mathematical expression is: （7） In formula (7), N is the number of charge and discharge times of the power battery. The mathematical expression of the charge-discharge model of the retired battery is: （8） In formula (8), A t is the energy storage of the retired battery at t time interval; is the energy storage of the retired battery at t -1) time interval; is the charging power of the retired battery at t time interval; is the discharging power of the retired battery at t time interval; respectively represent the charging efficiency and the discharging efficiency of the retired battery; Δ t is the time interval.

2. The multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas hydrogen system considering battery step utilization according to claim 1, wherein, The step S1 specifically comprises: Based on the power function relationship between the capacity retention rate and the number of charge-discharge cycles of the retired battery, the mathematical expression of the capacity retention rate is: （1） In formula (1), n is the number of charge-discharge cycles of the retired battery; Q ( n ) is the capacity retention rate of the retired battery after the charge-discharge cycle n times; Q 0、 The mathematical expression of the retired battery remaining life loss model based on the number of charge-discharge cycles is: and The step S2 further specifically comprises: are the initial capacity retention rate, the capacity attenuation coefficient, and the power index of the retired battery, respectively. Step S1.2: Establishing the maximum number of available cycles of the retired battery n s The mathematical expression is: （2） In formula (2), Q m is a capacity retention rate threshold value, when the capacity retention rate Q ( n ) decays to the capacity retention rate threshold value Q m , the retired battery is disposed of as scrap. Step S1.3: When the power battery is retired from the electric vehicle, at this time the power battery is a retired battery, then the number of cycles of the retired battery is established n r The mathematical expression is: （3） In formula (3), Y is the service life of the power battery when it is retired; e is the power consumption per 100 kilometers of the electric vehicle; E (D) is the expected value of the daily driving distance of the electric vehicle; A e represents the rated capacity of the retired battery; Step S1.4: Establish the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery n The mathematical expression is: （4） The mathematical expression of the relationship between the state of charge of the retired battery energy storage and the charge-discharge power of the retired battery is: （5） In formula (5), is the capacity of the cell of the retired battery.

3. The multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas hydrogen system considering battery's utilization of grade according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mathematical expression of the multi-parameter charge-discharge margin model of the retired battery is: Step S2.4: Based on step S2.2 and step S2.3, the SOC value of the current t SOC value of the period-retired battery The mathematical expression is: （9） In formula (9), represents the SOC value at the time of retirement of the battery t -1) period of the SOC value; The step S3 specifically comprises: （10） In formula (10), represents the rated power of the retired battery; The step S4 specifically comprises: （11） In formula (11), respectively, upper and lower limits of the state of charge of the retired battery; is the initial state of charge of the retired battery; is a temperature correction coefficient; is the current cutoff time; is the working current.

4. The multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas hydrogen system considering battery's utilization of grade according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step S5 specifically comprises: Step S3.1: Establishing the initial investment cost of the decommissioned battery energy storage system The mathematical expression is: （12） In formula (12), the initial investment cost of the decommissioned battery energy storage system consists of the unit capacity cost and the power cost; is the yield of the product; is the unit capacity cost of the decommissioned battery energy storage system; is the power cost of the decommissioned battery energy storage system; is the rated power of the decommissioned battery energy storage system; Step S3.2: Establishing the operation and maintenance cost of the decommissioned battery energy storage system The mathematical expression is: （13） In formula (13), is the benchmark yield; y is the year; Step S3.3: When the decommissioned battery energy storage system is operated d The peak-valley arbitrage income of the decommissioned battery energy storage system The mathematical expression is: （14） In formula (14), is a real-time transaction price; d is the total number of days of operation of the decommissioned battery energy storage system; t is the number of hours in a day; Step S3.4: When the retired battery energy storage system is operated in the year of y the mathematical expression of the benefit obtained by the retired battery energy storage system through carbon emission reduction is: ​ （15） In formula (15), is a carbon trading unit price; is a carbon emission reduction amount.

5. The multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas hydrogen system considering battery's utilization of grade according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mathematical expression of the carbon emission quota allocation model of carbon trading in a free distribution manner is: Step S4.1: Establishing the cost of curtailment of wind and light The mathematical expression is: （16） In formula (16), respectively are the abandoned wind amount and the abandoned light amount; is the abandoned wind and light cost coefficient; Step S4.2: Establishing the electricity and gas purchase cost The mathematical expression is: （17） In formula (17), is the purchased electricity amount; is the real-time transaction gas price; is the purchased gas amount; Step S4.3: Establishing operation and maintenance cost The mathematical expression is: （18） In formula (18), the operation and maintenance cost is the sum of the operation and maintenance costs of each energy coupling device of the electric heating gas hydrogen; is the operation and maintenance coefficient of the energy device i ; is the t instantaneous output power.

6. The multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas hydrogen system considering battery's utilization of grade according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step S6 specifically comprises: The mathematical expression of the electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen long-time-scale low-carbon economic optimization model is: （19） In formula (19), C is the total carbon quota; C g , C CHP , C GB are the free carbon quotas of external power purchase, cogeneration units, and gas boilers, respectively; is the carbon emission coefficient of the upper-level power grid per unit of electricity; sum(·) represents the summation of numerical matrices; are the carbon quota coefficient per unit of electricity and the carbon quota coefficient per unit of heat, respectively; is the conversion coefficient for converting power generation into heat supply; is the power output value of the gas turbine; are the thermal power output values of the gas boiler and the waste heat boiler, respectively; Step S5.2: Incorporate the capture and utilization effect of carbon dioxide into the methane reactor to calculate the actual total carbon emissions C’ The mathematical expression is: （20） In formula (20), is the actual total carbon emissions: is the actual carbon emissions of external purchased electricity and gas turbine units, respectively; is the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the methane reactor; is the equivalent output power of the gas turbine unit; is the efficiency coefficient of absorbing carbon dioxide in the methane reactor conversion process; a 1、 b 1、 c 1 is a parameter for calculating the carbon emissions of purchased electricity; a 2、 b 2、 c 2 is a parameter for calculating the carbon emissions of gas turbine units.

7. The multi-time scale control method of the electric-thermal-gas hydrogen system considering battery's utilization of grade according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mathematical expression of the electrical-thermal-gas-hydrogen short-time-scale control model considering the cascade utilization of the retired battery is: ​ （21） In equation (21), f Total cost; f 1 represents the economic cost; f 2. Low carbon cost; f r The operating costs of each component of the system; f g Energy purchase costs for power grids, gas grids, and heating grids; f w The cost of penalizing the abandonment of wind and solar power; f E For operating energy consumption costs; ​ 1. ​ 2 represents the proportion of economic goals and low-carbon goals in the overall goals, respectively. ​ 1+ ​ 2 = 1; For the first i Individual entities t Carbon emissions at any given moment; ​ Reward and penalty coefficients for different seasons; d Calculate the number of days for each quarter; ​ （22） In formula (22), is the initial investment cost of the retired battery energy storage system; is the operation and maintenance cost of the retired battery energy storage system; is t is the actual total carbon emission amount at the moment.

8. The multi-time scale control method of hydrogen production by electro-thermal gasification considering battery's utilization of grade according to claim 2, characterized in that, Battery cell capacity in mAh.

9. The multi-time scale control method of electro-thermal hydrogen production considering battery cascade utilization according to claim 4, characterized in that, Unit capacity cost of the retired battery energy storage system in ten thousand yuan / MWh; power cost of the retired battery energy storage system in ten thousand yuan / MW; rated power of the retired battery energy storage system in MW.

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