Electric power system demand side marginal economic benefit evaluation method and system considering multi-level electricity price mechanism

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power system demand side management, in particular to a power system demand side marginal economic benefit evaluation method and system considering a multi-stage electricity price mechanism, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining response loads and response electric quantities under different electricity price mechanisms based on the multi-stage electricity price mechanism; based on the response load and the response electric quantity, the marginal avoidance cost of demand side related resources under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted; the total marginal avoidance cost is calculated according to the marginal avoidance cost of the demand side related resources under different electricity price mechanisms; and according to the total marginal avoidance cost of the demand side related resources under different electricity price mechanisms, extracting a related price threshold value quantitative evaluation result for power system price regulation and control and a resource management strategy. The objective of the invention is to realize accurate evaluation of marginal avoidance cost under a multi-level electricity price mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system demand side management, and in particular to a power system demand side marginal economic benefit evaluation method and system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Under the macro-strategic layout of the "dual carbon" goal, the in-depth exploration and efficient use of demand-side resources have become the core path to enhance the flexibility of the power grid, improve energy utilization efficiency, and optimize the operating costs of the power system. In recent years, my country's electricity consumption market has shown a complex trend. The national electricity load has continued to rise at a high speed, and the "double peak" phenomenon of electricity load in summer and winter has become increasingly prominent. This has not only exacerbated the imbalance between electricity supply and demand in the time dimension, but also posed a severe challenge to the peak-shaving capacity of the power system. At the same time, the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events has further aggravated the pressure faced by the safe supply of electricity and put forward more stringent requirements for the management of the power demand side. In this context, demand-side management, as a key means of fine-grained regulation of the power system, has become increasingly important. Multi-level electricity price mechanisms such as peak and valley electricity prices and demand response, based on the basic principle of power supply and demand balance, regulate users' electricity consumption behavior through price signals, encourage users to optimize their electricity consumption patterns, and play an important role in alleviating the contradiction between power supply and demand and promoting the rational allocation of demand-side resources.

[0003] However, there are still obvious shortcomings in the technical methods of the current power demand side management field. In particular, the existing demand side resource benefit evaluation system has exposed serious limitations when facing a multi-level electricity price mechanism. Existing studies usually only focus on the benefit analysis under a single electricity price mechanism, lack of systematic consideration of the comprehensive effects of different electricity price mechanisms, and it is difficult to accurately capture the dynamic changes and differences in marginal benefits under different electricity price mechanisms. From the perspective of cost evaluation, some existing studies only focus on the cost-benefit accounting of transmission and distribution prices, while ignoring the interrelationship and conduction effects of key factors such as power generation costs, ancillary service costs, and environmental protection costs under multi-level electricity price mechanisms. Therefore, when constructing a unit avoidable cost model for a power system, this series of problems makes it difficult for existing technologies to achieve accurate evaluation of marginal avoidable costs under a multi-level electricity price mechanism, and cannot provide comprehensive and accurate data support and theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of demand side management strategies, which restricts the effectiveness of demand side management in improving the economy and stability of the power system. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to achieve accurate evaluation of marginal avoidable costs under a multi-level electricity price mechanism, the present invention provides a method and system for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism. The technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0005] The technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, the response load and response power under different electricity price mechanisms are obtained;

[0007] Based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted;

[0008] Calculate the total marginal avoidable cost based on the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms;

[0009] According to the total marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds used for price regulation and resource management strategies of the power system are extracted.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, the response loads under different electricity price mechanisms are obtained, including:

[0011] Get demand response, peak electricity prices and annual duration of peak electricity prices;

[0012] The load averages under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price are obtained according to the annual duration.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, obtaining the response power under different electricity price mechanisms includes:

[0014] According to the load average under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price as well as the annual duration, the response power under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price is extracted.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms are extracted, including:

[0016] Based on the response load and response power, the marginal power generation cost can be avoided by extracting the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, including:

[0017] Based on the response volume and the transaction price difference between thermal power and renewable energy generation, the marginal avoidable power generation cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted;

[0018] Based on the response load, the preset maximum load reserve factor and the construction and operation cost of unit power generation capacity, the marginal avoidable power generation capacity cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted.

[0019] Furthermore, based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, including:

[0020] The marginal avoidable transmission and distribution cost of the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted based on the response load, and its expression is:

[0021]

[0022] Where, ACC trans,k represents the marginal avoidable transmission and distribution cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; P sh,k represents the load mean of the kth electricity price mechanism; C trans represents the investment cost of increasing the capacity of the transmission and distribution network, that is, the investment required for each additional unit of power supply capacity; C trans_OM represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the transmission and distribution network; i represents the benchmark income, which is used to calculate the discount rate of the operation and maintenance cost during the investment period; n represents the investment period of the transmission and distribution network.

[0023] Furthermore, based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, including:

[0024] The marginal ancillary service costs can be avoided by extracting the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on the response power, the proportion of ancillary service costs and the average market transaction price.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, including:

[0026] Extracting the marginal demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on the response electricity can avoid carbon trading costs, including:

[0027] Construct a carbon price prediction model, use carbon price time series data to predict carbon prices at different times, and obtain carbon price prediction values;

[0028] The marginal carbon trading cost can be avoided by calculating the carbon price forecast, the carbon emission intensity per unit electricity of thermal power units and the response electricity under different electricity price mechanisms.

[0029] Furthermore, according to the total marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, the quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds for power system price regulation and resource management strategies are extracted, including:

[0030] Based on the total marginal avoidable cost of demand response, the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kWh is calculated as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, p de_max Indicates the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kWh, that is, the upper limit of the subsidy amount that can be obtained per kWh under the demand response mechanism; ACC total,1represents the total marginal avoided cost of demand response; E sh,1 Indicates the response power of demand-side resources participating in demand response.

[0033] Furthermore, according to the total marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, the quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds for power system price regulation and resource management strategies are extracted, including:

[0034] Based on the total marginal avoidable cost of peak electricity price and peak electricity price, the lower limit of peak electricity price and peak electricity price is calculated, and the expression is:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, p cri_min Indicates the lower limit of the peak electricity price; ACC total,2 represents the total marginal avoided cost of peak electricity price; E sh,2 represents the response power of demand-side resources in the process of participating in peak electricity prices; p peak_min Indicates the lower limit of the peak electricity price; ACC total,3 Total marginal avoided cost of peak electricity price; E sh,3 It represents the response power of demand-side resources participating in the peak electricity price process.

[0037] The technical solution of the second aspect of the present invention provides a power system demand side marginal economic benefit evaluation system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism, and adopts the power system demand side marginal economic benefit evaluation method considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism described in the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, and the system includes:

[0038] A data acquisition module is configured to acquire response loads and response power under different electricity price mechanisms based on a multi-level electricity price mechanism;

[0039] A marginal avoidable cost calculation module is configured to extract marginal avoidable costs and total marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on response load and response power;

[0040] The quantitative evaluation module is configured to extract quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds used for power system price regulation and resource management strategies based on the total marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms.

[0041] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The method and system for evaluating the marginal economic benefit of the demand side of the power system considering the multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by the present invention construct a marginal avoidable cost model of demand-side resources considering the multi-level electricity price mechanism, which can accurately quantify and evaluate the marginal economic avoidable cost of demand-side resources under different electricity price mechanisms, and provide a key theoretical basis for the power grid to conduct in-depth analysis of the economic feasibility of demand-side resource management; at the same time, it provides quantitative data support for the power grid to formulate demand response subsidies, peak electricity prices and peak electricity price strategies, and effectively promotes the optimal allocation of power system resources and improves the economy and stability of power system operation by quantitatively determining the reasonable upper limit of demand response subsidies and the appropriate lower limit of peak electricity prices and peak electricity prices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 A method flow chart of a method for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a method for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power system demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following, in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, describes in detail the specific implementation method, structure, features and effects of a method and system for evaluating the marginal economic benefits of the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism proposed by the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0048] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0049] The following is a detailed description of a method and system for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system taking into account a multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0050] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which shows a method flow chart of a method and system for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising:

[0051] Step S100: based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, the response load and response power under different electricity price mechanisms are obtained; specifically, the response load and response power under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price can be calculated according to the annual load continuity curve and the duration of the multi-level electricity price mechanism;

[0052] Step S100 specifically includes:

[0053] Step S110: Based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, obtaining the response load under different electricity price mechanisms includes:

[0054] Step S111: Obtain the annual duration of demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price; specifically, for the three different electricity price mechanisms of demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price, the time period corresponding to each electricity price mechanism can be accurately determined according to the operation rules and historical data of the power system;

[0055] Step S112: Obtain the load average under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price respectively according to the annual duration, and the expression is:

[0056] P sh,k =f(h k )

[0057] Where P sh,k represents the load mean under the kth electricity price mechanism, k = 1, 2, 3, representing three different electricity price mechanisms: demand response, peak electricity price, and peak electricity price; h k represents the annual duration under the kth electricity price mechanism, which is a key factor affecting the load mean. Different electricity price periods or scenarios will have different durations. f represents a function. This formula shows that there is a functional relationship between the load mean and the annual duration under different electricity price mechanisms. In actual power systems, different electricity price mechanisms will affect users' electricity consumption behavior, thereby causing the load situation to change over time. This function describes the average load corresponding to the annual duration under different electricity price mechanisms.

[0058] Step S120: Based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, obtaining the response power under different electricity price mechanisms includes:

[0059] Step S121: extract the response power under demand response, peak power price and peak power price according to the load average and annual duration, and the expression is:

[0060] E sh,k =P sh,k h k

[0061] In the formula, E sh,k represents the response quantity under the kth electricity price mechanism;

[0062] Step S200: Based on the response load and the response power, the marginal avoidable cost of the demand-side related resources under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted; specifically, the marginal avoidable cost under the multi-level electricity price mechanism refers to the additional cost that can be avoided by the power system by implementing demand-side management measures for each increase or decrease in power or load when a multi-level electricity price system consisting of multiple different electricity price levels is adopted. It reflects the marginal impact of demand-side behavior changes on the cost of the power system under a specific multi-level electricity price mechanism.

[0063] Step S200 specifically includes:

[0064] Step S210: Based on the response load and the response power, extract the marginal avoidable power generation cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, including:

[0065] Step S211: Based on the response power and the transaction price difference between thermal power and renewable energy power generation, the marginal avoidable power generation cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, and the expression is:

[0066] ACC ener,k =(p T -p re )E sh,k

[0067] Where, ACC ener,k represents the marginal avoided electricity cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; p T It indicates the thermal power transaction price in the spot market or the medium- and long-term trading market, in yuan / kWh; p re It represents the transaction price of renewable energy in the spot market or the medium- and long-term trading market, in yuan / kWh. It is based on the response electricity generated by demand-side management measures and calculates the power generation cost savings brought about by reducing thermal power generation during peak hours and promoting the consumption of new energy by comparing the transaction price difference between thermal power and new energy power generation in the market, that is, the marginal avoidable power generation cost.

[0068] Step S212: Based on the response load, the preset maximum load reserve coefficient and the unit generation capacity construction and operation cost, the marginal avoidable generation capacity cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, and the expression is:

[0069]

[0070] Where, ACC cap,k represents the marginal avoidable generation capacity cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; K represents the maximum load reserve factor; C gen It represents the construction cost per unit capacity, in Yuan / kW; C gen_OM Represents the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit capacity; based on the peak load cut by demand-side management measures, combined with the maximum load reserve factor and the construction and operation and maintenance costs related to the power generation capacity, the cost saved by reducing the demand for new power generation capacity in the power system is calculated, that is, the marginal avoidable power generation capacity cost;

[0071] ACC gen,k =ACC ener,k +ACC cap,k

[0072] Where, ACC gen,k It represents the marginal avoidable power generation cost of the kth electricity price mechanism. This embodiment decomposes the marginal avoidable power generation cost under different electricity price mechanisms into the marginal avoidable power generation quantity cost and the marginal avoidable power generation capacity cost. It can analyze the effect of demand-side management on power generation cost in more detail from the two dimensions of quantity and capacity, so as to accurately evaluate the overall benefit.

[0073] Step S220: extracting the marginal avoidable transmission and distribution cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on the response load, and the expression is:

[0074]

[0075] Where, ACC trans,k represents the marginal avoidable transmission and distribution cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; P sh,k represents the load mean of the kth electricity price mechanism; C trans represents the investment cost of increasing the capacity of the transmission and distribution network, that is, the investment required for each additional unit of power supply capacity; C trans_OM= represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the transmission and distribution network; i represents the benchmark income, which is used to calculate the discount rate of the operation and maintenance cost within the investment cycle; n represents the investment cycle of the transmission and distribution network; this formula is based on the demand side response to reduce the load, and calculates the marginal avoidable transmission and distribution cost from the perspective of transmission and distribution system investment and operation and maintenance cost savings, taking into account the impact of load changes on the overall cost of the transmission and distribution system, as well as the time value of the cost within the investment cycle. By multiplying the response load with the comprehensive cost value including the investment cost and the discounted operation and maintenance cost, the transmission and distribution cost avoided due to load reduction under different electricity price mechanisms is obtained.

[0076] Step S230: Based on the response power, the proportion of ancillary service costs and the average market transaction price, the marginal avoidable ancillary service costs on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms are extracted, and the expression is:

[0077] ACC ax，k =R ax p gen E sh，k

[0078] Where, ACC ax，k represents the marginal avoidable ancillary service cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; R ax It represents the proportion of ancillary service costs, which is a proportional coefficient that reflects the proportion of ancillary service costs in the total transaction costs of the power market and is used to separate the ancillary service costs from the total transaction costs; p gen Represents the average market transaction price, which is used to measure the average price per unit of electricity in market transactions; E sh，k Represents the marginal response power of the kth electricity price mechanism; this formula is a quantitative calculation of the cost savings due to the reduction in the demand for ancillary services in the power system after the load is reduced by demand-side management means. The response power reflects the impact of demand-side management on the power system power, the ancillary service cost ratio determines the share of the ancillary service cost in the total transaction cost, and the average market transaction price provides a price benchmark corresponding to the power. The three are multiplied to obtain the ancillary service cost avoided due to load reduction under different electricity price mechanisms.

[0079] Step S240: extracting the marginal avoidable carbon trading cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on the response electricity, including:

[0080] Step S241: construct a carbon price prediction model, use the carbon price time series data to predict the carbon price at different times, and obtain the carbon price prediction value; specifically, in order to predict the carbon price, this embodiment adopts the time series carbon price prediction model, which can be expressed as:

[0081] Y(t)=g(t)+ε(t)

[0082] In the formula, Y(t) represents the predicted value of carbon price at time y; g(t) represents the trend term, which is used to capture the long-term growth or decline trend of carbon price data; ε(t) represents the error term, which is the random fluctuation part that cannot be explained by the model, reflecting other uncertainties in carbon price data except the trend term;

[0083] The trend term can be expressed as:

[0084] g(t)=β 0 +β 1 t

[0085] In the formula, β 0 represents the intercept term, that is, the trend value of carbon price at time 0; β 1 t represents the slope, that is, the rate of change of the trend over time, which reflects the speed of change of the carbon price trend over time; this embodiment adopts a linear function form to describe the long-term trend of carbon price data through the intercept term and the slope; by fitting the trend part in the time series data, the trend of future carbon prices can be predicted; it should be noted that the carbon price prediction model can also be constructed by using gray prediction model, BP neural network, LEAP model, Kaya model and other methods to further optimize the carbon price prediction;

[0086] Step S242: Calculate the marginal avoidable carbon trading cost based on the predicted carbon price, the carbon emission intensity per unit of electricity of the thermal power unit, and the response electricity under different electricity price mechanisms. The expression is:

[0087] ACC car，k =Y t，sum E elec E sh，k

[0088] Where, ACC car,k Y represents the marginal avoided carbon trading cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; t，sum represents the sum of the carbon price prediction values ​​obtained based on the carbon price prediction model; E elec It represents the carbon emission intensity per unit of electricity of thermal power units, in tons / kWh, and is used to determine the carbon emission level per unit of electricity; E sh，k represents the marginal response electricity of the kth electricity price mechanism; among them, the marginal avoidable environmental protection cost refers to the marginal environmental governance or carbon emission reduction cost saved by reducing the power load through demand-side management measures (such as demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price, etc.), thereby reducing pollutant emissions (such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.) in the power generation process.

[0089] In summary, this embodiment accurately calculates and extracts the marginal avoidable costs of demand-side related resources under different electricity price mechanisms from four aspects: power generation, transmission and distribution, ancillary services, and carbon trading. The marginal impact of demand-side management measures on the cost of the power system under a multi-level electricity price mechanism is deeply analyzed from multiple dimensions, providing an accurate evaluation system for the power grid. This can help power grid companies accurately evaluate the economic feasibility of demand-side resource management, clearly reveal the transmission path of the marginal benefits of demand-side management, and provide a theoretical basis and quantitative support for the formulation of reasonable electricity price policies, demand-side management strategies, and resource optimization allocation plans, which will help improve the operating efficiency and economy of the power system and promote the sustainable development of the power market.

[0090] Step S300: Calculate the total marginal avoidable cost according to the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms; specifically, the total marginal avoidable cost can be expressed as:

[0091] ACC total,k =ACC gen，k +ACC trans,k +ACC ax，k +ACC car,k

[0092] Where, ACC total，k It represents the total marginal avoidable cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; by integrating the marginal avoidable costs of demand-side related resources in power generation, transmission and distribution, ancillary services and carbon trading under different electricity price mechanisms, the total marginal avoidable cost is calculated; thus, it provides a comprehensive and integrated indicator for the economic evaluation of the power system, enabling the power grid company to grasp the economic benefits brought by demand-side resource management under different electricity price mechanisms as a whole. Through the calculation and analysis of the total marginal avoidable cost, the power grid can more accurately evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different electricity price mechanisms, optimize the formulation of electricity price policies, rationally allocate resources, and improve the operating efficiency and economy of the power system.

[0093] Step S400: extracting quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds for power system price regulation and resource management strategies according to the total marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms;

[0094] Step S400 specifically includes:

[0095] Step S410: Based on the total marginal avoidable cost of demand response, the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kilowatt-hour is calculated, and the expression is:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, p de_maxIndicates the upper limit of the demand response subsidy for each kWh, in RMB / kWh, that is, the upper limit of the subsidy amount per kWh obtained under the demand response mechanism; ACC total，1 E represents the total marginal avoidable cost of demand response, that is, the comprehensive cost of power generation, transmission and distribution, ancillary services and environmental protection saved by demand response measures; sh，1 Represents the response power of demand-side resources participating in demand response; this embodiment determines the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kilowatt-hour based on the marginal avoidable cost of demand response. The marginal avoidable cost of demand response reflects the cost saved by the participation of demand-side resources in demand response. It is evenly distributed to each kilowatt-hour of response power, and the result is the upper limit of the subsidy that can be given per kilowatt-hour. It can ensure that the subsidy amount is within a reasonable range, which can not only motivate users to participate in demand response, but also will not bring too much economic burden to the power grid, and provide a quantitative reference standard for the power grid to formulate demand response subsidy policies.

[0098] Step S420: Based on the total marginal avoidable cost of the peak electricity price and the peak electricity price, the lower limit of the peak electricity price and the peak electricity price is calculated, and the expression is:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, p cri_min Indicates the lower limit of the peak electricity price; ACC total，2 represents the total marginal avoided cost of peak electricity price; E sh，2 represents the response power of demand-side resources in the process of participating in peak electricity prices; p peak_min Indicates the lower limit of the peak electricity price; ACC total，3 Total marginal avoided cost of peak electricity price; E sh,3 Indicates the response power of demand-side resources in the process of participating in the peak electricity price; in this embodiment, only when the peak electricity price and the peak electricity price are not lower than the corresponding lower limit, the operation cost of the power grid during the peak period can be reasonably compensated;

[0101] Step S400 uses the total marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms to successfully extract the quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds such as the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kilowatt-hour and the lower limit of the peak electricity price and the peak electricity price. These results provide a scientific and accurate quantitative basis for the price regulation and resource management strategy of the power system. On the one hand, the determination of the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kilowatt-hour can effectively control the subsidy cost of the power grid while encouraging users to actively participate in demand response, ensuring the economy and effectiveness of the subsidy policy; on the other hand, the calculation of the lower limit of the peak electricity price and the peak electricity price ensures that the operating costs of the power grid during peak hours are reasonably compensated, which helps to channel unbalanced funds, promote the rational allocation of power resources, and improve the operating efficiency and stability of the power system.

[0102] It should be noted that the demand-side resources targeted by the present invention mainly include electric vehicles and air conditioners, and are also applicable to demand-side resources such as mobile energy storage equipment, heat pumps, lighting, and refrigerators. Among them, the air-conditioning load accounts for a large proportion of the load, and the adjustable time and potential are insufficient without relying on ice storage. It is necessary to use other demand-side resources such as electric vehicles to reduce the peak load of the power grid and the marginal electricity cost of air conditioners. Electric vehicles have significant charging and discharging flexibility. They can not only store energy for the power grid during off-peak periods, but also reverse power supply during peak periods to reduce peak power demand and relieve pressure on the power grid. The precise scheduling and optimization of the marginal cost model provided by the present invention promotes the efficient allocation of resources under the multi-level electricity price mechanism, improves the overall operating efficiency of the power system, and promotes the healthy development of the power market and the sustainable use of energy.

[0103] In summary, the marginal economic benefit evaluation method and system for the demand side of the power system considering the multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by the present invention construct a marginal avoidable cost model of demand-side resources considering the multi-level electricity price mechanism, which can accurately quantify and evaluate the marginal economic avoidable costs of demand-side resources under different electricity price mechanisms, and provides a key theoretical basis for the power grid to conduct in-depth analysis of the economic feasibility of demand-side resource management; at the same time, it provides quantitative data support for the power grid to formulate demand response subsidies, peak electricity prices and peak electricity price strategies, and effectively promotes the optimal allocation of power system resources and improves the economy and stability of power system operation by quantitatively determining the reasonable upper limit of demand response subsidies and the appropriate lower limit of peak electricity prices and peak electricity prices.

[0104] See also Figure 3 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a power system demand side marginal economic benefit evaluation system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the system comprising:

[0105] A data acquisition module is configured to acquire response loads and response power under different electricity price mechanisms based on a multi-level electricity price mechanism;

[0106] A marginal avoidable cost calculation module is configured to extract marginal avoidable costs and total marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on response load and response power;

[0107] The quantitative evaluation module is configured to extract quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds used for power system price regulation and resource management strategies based on the total marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms.

[0108] It should be noted that the sequence of the above embodiments of the present invention is only for description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0109] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism, characterized in that: The method comprises: Based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, the response load and response power under different electricity price mechanisms are obtained; Based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted; Calculate the total marginal avoidable cost based on the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms; According to the total marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds used for price regulation and resource management strategies of the power system are extracted.

2. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, the response load under different electricity price mechanisms is obtained, including: Get demand response, peak electricity prices and annual duration of peak electricity prices; The load averages under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price are obtained according to the annual duration.

3. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the multi-level electricity price mechanism, the response power under different electricity price mechanisms is obtained, including: According to the load average under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price as well as the annual duration, the response power under demand response, peak electricity price and peak electricity price is extracted.

4. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms are extracted, including: Based on the response load and response power, the marginal power generation cost can be avoided by extracting the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, including: Based on the response volume and the transaction price difference between thermal power and renewable energy generation, the marginal avoidable power generation cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted; Based on the response load, the preset maximum load reserve factor and the construction and operation cost of unit power generation capacity, the marginal avoidable power generation capacity cost on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted.

5. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, including: The marginal avoidable transmission and distribution cost of the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted based on the response load, and its expression is: Where, ACC trans,k represents the marginal avoidable transmission and distribution cost of the kth electricity price mechanism; P sh,k represents the load mean of the kth electricity price mechanism; C trans represents the investment cost of increasing the capacity of the transmission and distribution network, that is, the investment required for each additional unit of power supply capacity; C trans_OM represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the transmission and distribution network; i represents the benchmark income, which is used to calculate the discount rate of the operation and maintenance cost during the investment period; n represents the investment period of the transmission and distribution network.

6. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, including: The marginal ancillary service costs can be avoided by extracting the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on the response power, the proportion of ancillary service costs and the average market transaction price.

7. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Based on the response load and response power, the marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms is extracted, including: Extracting the marginal demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on the response electricity can avoid carbon trading costs, including: Construct a carbon price prediction model, use carbon price time series data to predict carbon prices at different times, and obtain carbon price prediction values; The marginal carbon trading cost can be avoided by calculating the carbon price forecast, the carbon emission intensity per unit electricity of thermal power units and the response electricity under different electricity price mechanisms.

8. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: According to the total marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, the quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds for power system price regulation and resource management strategies are extracted, including: Based on the total marginal avoidable cost of demand response, the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kWh is calculated as follows: In the formula, p de_max Indicates the upper limit of the demand response subsidy per kWh, that is, the upper limit of the subsidy amount per kWh obtained under the demand response mechanism; ACC total,1 represents the total marginal avoided cost of demand response; E sh,1 Indicates the response power of demand-side resources participating in demand response.

9. The demand-side marginal economic benefit evaluation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: According to the total marginal avoidable cost of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms, the quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds for power system price regulation and resource management strategies are extracted, including: Based on the total marginal avoidable cost of peak electricity price and peak electricity price, the lower limit of peak electricity price and peak electricity price is calculated, and the expression is: In the formula, p cri_min Indicates the lower limit of the peak electricity price; ACC total,2 represents the total marginal avoided cost of peak electricity price; E sh,2 represents the response power of demand-side resources in the process of participating in peak electricity prices; p peak_min Indicates the lower limit of the peak electricity price; ACC total,3 Total marginal avoided cost of peak electricity price; E sh,3 It represents the response power of demand-side resources participating in the peak electricity price process.

10. A power system demand side marginal economic benefit evaluation system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism, characterized in that: The method for evaluating marginal economic benefits on the demand side of a power system considering a multi-level electricity price mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, and the system comprises: A data acquisition module is configured to acquire response loads and response power under different electricity price mechanisms based on a multi-level electricity price mechanism; A marginal avoidable cost calculation module is configured to extract marginal avoidable costs and total marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms based on response load and response power; The quantitative evaluation module is configured to extract quantitative evaluation results of relevant price thresholds used for power system price regulation and resource management strategies based on the total marginal avoidable costs of relevant resources on the demand side under different electricity price mechanisms.

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