Intelligent electric energy meter with dual-power-supply automatic switching function and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent electric energy meter with a dual-power-supply automatic switching function and a photovoltaic MPPT measurement function, and the intelligent electric energy meter mainly comprises the following modules: a dual-power-supply switching module which is used for achieving the automatic switching between a photovoltaic main power supply and a commercial power standby power supply, and the switching response time is less than 10 milliseconds; the MPPT measurement module is integrated with an MPPT algorithm, monitors the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic main power supply in real time, and dynamically adjusts a working point, so that the photovoltaic main power supply outputs the maximum power all the time; the metering module is used for respectively metering the electric energy of the photovoltaic main power supply and the mains supply standby power supply and evaluating the power generation efficiency and the overall performance of the photovoltaic main power supply; the data storage and communication module is used for storing electric energy metering data, MPPT parameters and historical operation data in real time and supporting remote communication protocol transmission; the micro-processing unit is used for controlling dual power supply switching logic, executing an MPPT algorithm and coordinating operation of each module; a display module; the power supply module provides stable and reliable power input for each functional module of the system; and a housing structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smart electric energy meters, and in particular to a smart electric energy meter with automatic dual power supply switching and a photovoltaic MPPT measurement function. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for renewable energy increases, photovoltaic power generation systems are increasingly used in the field of distributed energy. Photovoltaic power generation has become an important part of household distributed energy and industrial and commercial electricity with its clean and efficient characteristics.

[0003] In the prior art, patent CN216216066U describes a photovoltaic and mains dual power supply system, the main feature of which is the use of a switching switch and a battery to ensure switching to the mains backup power supply when the photovoltaic main power supply is unstable, thereby reducing damage to electrical appliances. The core is to optimize the switching process through a delay module and a current sensor, improve safety, and achieve a longer switching response time. Patent CN103683328B involves an automatic switching module and a photovoltaic grid-connected and off-grid fully automatic power generation system, which realizes automatic switching between grid-connected and off-grid through contactors and relays, emphasizes the safety and reliability of the system, and avoids the problem of reverse power transmission. Patent CN116131245B proposes a meter configuration and metering method for photovoltaic self-generated industrial and commercial users, which solves the problem of insufficient power in the main meter through specific meter configuration, and realizes accurate metering of photovoltaic and grid input power.

[0004] However, the existing photovoltaic power generation system still has the following deficiencies in terms of power supply continuity and power generation efficiency optimization management: 1) The problem of instability of photovoltaic main power supply The power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system is affected by many factors such as weather conditions and component status. For example, cloudy or rainy days or aging or damage of photovoltaic components may cause the main photovoltaic power supply to be interrupted. In this case, if the energy meter cannot quickly switch to the backup mains power supply, it will cause the energy meter to lose power and fail to complete core functions such as metering, storage and data transmission.

[0005] 2) Limitations of traditional smart energy meters Most smart energy meters on the market currently have the function of energy metering, and can monitor and store voltage, current, and electrical energy. However, these energy meters are not designed for the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, and lack the ability to dynamically monitor and optimize the operating efficiency of photovoltaic systems. In particular, in the actual application of photovoltaic power generation, due to the lack of real-time maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function, the system often cannot continue to operate in an efficient state, resulting in a decrease in power generation capacity and low energy utilization efficiency.

[0006] 3) Insufficient means of monitoring photovoltaic module performance The efficiency of photovoltaic power generation depends not only on the external environment, but also on the performance of photovoltaic modules. However, traditional smart energy meters cannot monitor key parameters such as voltage, current and power of photovoltaic modules, making it difficult for users to detect failures or aging of photovoltaic modules in a timely manner, resulting in the system being inefficient for a long time. This not only increases the energy costs of users, but also affects the efficiency and reliability of the entire distributed energy network. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent electric energy meter with a dual power supply automatic switching function and an integrated photovoltaic MPPT (maximum power point tracking) measurement function, which can realize efficient electric energy metering and dynamic power generation efficiency management in photovoltaic power generation systems, and has dual power supply automatic switching and photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) measurement functions; by integrating advanced power supply switching technology and photovoltaic system optimization functions, the present invention can ensure the continuous operation of the electric energy meter under complex power supply conditions and improve the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function, mainly including the following modules: Dual power switching module, used to achieve automatic switching between photovoltaic main power supply and AC backup power supply, with a switching response time of less than 10 milliseconds; MPPT measurement module, integrated with MPPT algorithm, monitors the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic main power supply in real time, and dynamically adjusts the working point so that the photovoltaic main power supply always outputs the maximum power; The metering module measures the electric energy of the photovoltaic main power supply and the mains backup power supply respectively, and uses the maximum power point parameters calculated by the MPPT measurement module to evaluate the power generation efficiency and overall performance of the photovoltaic main power supply; Data storage and communication module, real-time storage of power metering data, MPPT parameters and historical operation data, supporting remote communication protocol transmission; Microprocessor unit, controls dual power switching logic, executes MPPT algorithm and coordinates the operation of each module; Display module, which displays the power generation status of the photovoltaic main power supply, the status of the mains backup power supply and the switching record in real time; The power supply module provides stable and reliable power input for each functional module of the system; The shell structure has waterproof, dustproof and electromagnetic shielding functions.

[0009] Furthermore, the dual power switching module includes a photovoltaic main power input channel and a commercial backup power input channel, uses a relay or a solid-state switch as a switching device, and switches based on the photovoltaic main power priority principle.

[0010] Furthermore, when it is detected that the voltage of the photovoltaic main power supply is lower than the set threshold or is completely powered off, the dual power switching module controls the relay or solid-state switch to switch to the AC backup power supply within 10 milliseconds to ensure the normal operation of the equipment; when the photovoltaic main power supply resumes normal power supply, the dual power switching module automatically switches back to the photovoltaic main power supply to avoid long-term use of AC power.

[0011] Furthermore, during the switching process, the switching time, switching reason and status information of photovoltaic and mains are recorded in real time through the data storage and communication module, and an alarm message is sent through remote communication when necessary. Furthermore, the MPPT measurement module calculates the real-time output power of the photovoltaic main power supply through a microprocessor unit, and runs an MPPT algorithm for dynamic adjustment; the MPPT algorithm is implemented using a perturbation observation method or an incremental conductance method, and performs dynamic adjustments at least 10 times per second to ensure that the photovoltaic main power supply always outputs maximum power.

[0012] Furthermore, the data stored in real time by the data storage and communication module include voltage, current, power, Vmp, Imp, and Pmp; it supports at least one communication protocol among NB-IoT, LoRa, and GPRS, and interacts with the cloud server for power generation data, efficiency reports, and alarm information.

[0013] Furthermore, the power supply module receives input from the photovoltaic main power supply and the AC backup power supply, eliminates power supply fluctuations through filtering and voltage stabilization, and uses a low dropout regulator (LDO) or a switching regulator to adjust the voltage to an appropriate level. At the same time, it monitors the power supply status and feeds back the fault signal to the microprocessor unit to achieve automatic adjustment or switching, thereby ensuring that the entire system can operate stably under various power supply conditions.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a photovoltaic performance monitoring module, which monitors the temperature and abnormal voltage / current fluctuations of the photovoltaic main power supply in real time and generates a maintenance alarm signal.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a smart energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function, which integrates dual power switching, MPPT measurement and smart energy metering functions into one, and adapts to the actual needs of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems. Specifically, it can achieve: 1) Dual power automatic switching: realize fast and seamless switching between photovoltaic main power supply and AC backup power supply, and ensure the continuous operation of the energy meter under various power supply conditions; 2) Photovoltaic MPPT measurement function: integrate MPPT algorithm module, monitor the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic system in real time, and maximize the power generation efficiency by dynamically adjusting the system working point; 3) Photovoltaic module performance monitoring: add real-time monitoring function of the operating status of photovoltaic modules, including key parameters such as photovoltaic main power supply voltage, current and temperature, to help users promptly discover abnormal operation of the photovoltaic system and ensure long-term efficient and stable operation of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the framework of the smart electric energy meter component modules provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described below by specific examples, but these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0018] A smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function, mainly including the following modules: 1) Dual power switching module, the dual power switching module includes a photovoltaic main power input channel and a mains backup power input channel, the photovoltaic main power input channel is connected to the photovoltaic module output, and provides the main power source. The mains backup power input channel is connected to the mains system, and provides backup power when the photovoltaic main power is interrupted. A relay or solid-state switch is used as a switching device, and switching is performed based on the photovoltaic main power priority principle. The switching response time is less than 10 milliseconds, avoiding the impact of power interruption on the data collection and operation of the energy meter. When it is detected that the voltage of the photovoltaic main power is lower than the set threshold or the power is completely cut off, the dual power switching module controls the relay or solid-state switch to switch to the mains backup power within 10 milliseconds to ensure the normal operation of the equipment; when the photovoltaic main power resumes normal power supply, the dual power switching module automatically switches back to the photovoltaic main power to avoid long-term use of the mains. During the switching process, the switching time, switching reason and status information between photovoltaic and mains are recorded in real time through the data storage and communication module, and an alarm message is sent through remote communication when necessary. In addition, the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic main power are detected in real time to determine whether the main power meets the power supply requirements; at the same time, the mains status is monitored to ensure that the backup power is available at any time.

[0019] To ensure that the switching speed is within 10 milliseconds, the present invention uses a high-speed solid-state switch (such as a solid-state relay based on MOSFET or IGBT) to replace the traditional mechanical relay. The solid-state switch has the advantages of fast response speed, no mechanical wear and extremely low switching delay. By optimizing the circuit design and matching the high-performance drive circuit, after detecting the abnormal power supply of the photovoltaic main power supply, the seamless switching from the photovoltaic power supply to the main power backup power supply can be quickly completed. The system is equipped with a special detection circuit for real-time monitoring of the voltage of the photovoltaic main power supply. When the voltage is detected to be lower than the preset threshold, the microprocessing unit (MCU) immediately starts the switching program and outputs a high-priority control signal to the solid-state switch module. The entire control logic has been carefully designed and optimized to ensure that the response time of the signal from detection, judgment to driving the solid-state switch is extremely short, and the overall switching process can be controlled to be completed within 10 milliseconds.

[0020] In order to verify the switching time, the following test process is adopted: a simulation test platform is built in the laboratory, and a special signal generator is used to simulate the sudden interruption of the photovoltaic main power supply. A high-speed oscilloscope is used to monitor the time difference between the output signal of the detection circuit and the actual action signal of the solid-state switch. The test records the total time required from the photovoltaic voltage drop to the solid-state switch to complete the disconnection and connect the mains backup power supply. The average value is taken from multiple tests to ensure that the switching target within 10 milliseconds can be achieved under various working conditions.

[0021] 2) MPPT measurement module, integrated with MPPT algorithm, monitors the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic main power supply in real time, dynamically adjusts the working point, and enables the photovoltaic module to always output the maximum power under different environmental conditions (such as light intensity and temperature changes). It includes voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit and power calculation unit; among them, the voltage sampling circuit supports 0-1000V voltage range, and the sampling accuracy is as high as 0.1%, ensuring accurate measurement under a wide range; the current sampling circuit supports 0-20A current range, with a resolution of 0.1%, reflecting the load status of the photovoltaic module in real time; the power calculation unit calculates the real-time output power of the photovoltaic module (P=U×I) through the MCU, and runs the MPPT algorithm for dynamic adjustment, detects the deviation between the actual output state of the photovoltaic module and the ideal state, and guides the adjustment of the working point.

[0022] The MPPT algorithm includes initial scanning and dynamic tracking. Among them, the initial scan is to scan the IV curve of the photovoltaic module to find the initial maximum power point (Vmp, Imp); the dynamic tracking is mainly based on the perturbation observation method (P&O) or the incremental conductance method to adjust the working point of the photovoltaic module in real time to adapt to the changes in solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and ensure that the photovoltaic main power supply always outputs the maximum power. The perturbation observation method (P&O) is specifically: when the direction of output power change is consistent with the voltage change, the voltage is continuously adjusted; if it is the opposite, it is adjusted in the opposite direction. The incremental conductance method is specifically: by comparing the admittance change (ΔI / ΔU) and the instantaneous admittance (I / U), the maximum power point is accurately located. Dozens of dynamic adjustments are made per second to adapt to changes in light and temperature to ensure that the photovoltaic modules are always operating in the best power generation state.

[0023] The output power of photovoltaic modules presents a nonlinear curve with the change of operating voltage and current, and this curve has a unique maximum power point (MPP). When the operating point is fixed, the photovoltaic module may deviate from the MPP for a long time, resulting in energy loss. The MPPT algorithm (such as the perturbation and observation method P&O or the incremental conductance method) continuously samples and adjusts the output voltage so that the system always operates at or close to the MPP, thereby maximizing the potential output of the photovoltaic module.

[0024] Taking a real system test as an example, without MPPT control, the output power of photovoltaic modules under medium light conditions only reaches about 85% of the theoretical maximum value. After adopting the MPPT control of the incremental conductance method, the system can quickly respond to changes in light, so that the output power is increased to about 98% of the theoretical maximum value. In a day's test, when the light changes from weak to strong, the average output power of the system without MPPT is 120 watts, while the average output power of the system using the MPPT algorithm reaches 140 watts, and the overall energy utilization efficiency is improved by about 15%-20%. In addition, in the case of short-term cloud cover, the MPPT system can adjust to the new MPP within a few seconds, thereby avoiding long-term operation in an inefficient state and ensuring that the output power is stable near the MPP.

[0025] In addition, based on field test data: When using traditional fixed voltage control, the system tracking efficiency (i.e. the ratio of actual output power to theoretical maximum power) is generally between 80% and 90%; after adopting MPPT technology, the tracking efficiency can be increased to 95%-98%, which is equivalent to obtaining about 5%-15% additional electricity under the same environmental conditions. In a specific experiment, after adopting MPPT, the overall energy output of the system increased by about 18%, which will significantly improve the economic benefits of the system in large-scale deployment. Through the MPPT algorithm, the photovoltaic system can dynamically adapt to environmental changes and lock the maximum power output point in real time, thereby significantly improving the output efficiency and overall energy output of photovoltaic modules, which is of great significance for improving the benefits of distributed energy systems.

[0026] 3) The metering module measures the electric energy of the photovoltaic main power supply and the mains backup power supply separately, which is convenient for users to analyze the energy usage structure. The maximum power point parameters calculated by the MPPT measurement module are used to evaluate the power generation efficiency and overall performance of the photovoltaic system.

[0027] 4) Data storage and communication module, which stores electric energy metering data, MPPT parameters and historical operation data in real time, and supports remote communication protocol transmission; the real-time stored data includes voltage, current, power, Vmp, Imp, Pmp, and saves daily and monthly power generation history data, supporting daily and monthly power generation statistics and performance analysis; supports at least one communication protocol among NB-IoT, LoRa, and GPRS, and exchanges power generation data, efficiency reports and alarm information with the cloud server.

[0028] 5) Microprocessing unit controls the dual power switching logic to ensure seamless and efficient switching between the photovoltaic main power supply and the AC backup power supply; executes the MPPT algorithm to dynamically track and adjust the photovoltaic module operating point to the maximum power output position (Vmp, Imp); collects, analyzes and stores the power supply data of the photovoltaic main power supply and backup power supply, supports historical records and remote data interaction; coordinates the operation of each module.

[0029] The MCU (microprocessing unit) not only undertakes the task of data collection and control commands, but also realizes effective coordination between different modules to ensure the efficient and seamless operation of the entire system. The following details the actual operation process of how the MCU coordinates the dual power switching logic and the MPPT algorithm: Periodic sampling and data processing After the system is started, the MCU will sample key nodes (such as the PV main power supply voltage, current, mains backup power supply status, PV module output voltage and current) at a high sampling frequency (for example, every millisecond or less). The sampled data will be stored in the internal cache in real time and used for subsequent judgment and calculation.

[0030] 2. Coordination of dual power supply switching logic Real-time monitoring of voltage thresholds: The MCU first determines whether it is necessary to switch to the AC backup power supply based on the preset voltage threshold (for example, if the PV main power supply voltage is lower than the set value or is completely interrupted).

[0031] Priority judgment: During the detection process, the MCU sets the switching priority. When the photovoltaic main power supply status is abnormal, a control signal is immediately issued to achieve fast switching through a solid-state switch (or relay).

[0032] Execute the switching command: When the judgment condition is met, the MCU outputs a high-priority control signal to directly drive the solid-state switch, so that the switching process is completed within 10 milliseconds. During the switching process, the MCU will also record the switching time, reason and status data for subsequent data storage and remote monitoring module to upload to the server.

[0033] Monitoring and switching recovery: After switching to the backup power supply, the MCU continuously monitors the status of the photovoltaic main power supply. Once it detects that the main power supply has recovered to the normal voltage level, it will automatically issue a command to switch back to the main power supply.

[0034] 3. Execution and coordination of MPPT algorithm Independent computing tasks: The MCU uses the sampled PV module voltage and current data to run the MPPT algorithm (such as the perturbation observation method or the incremental conductance method) in the background to calculate the operating parameters (Vmp, Imp) of the current maximum power point (MPP).

[0035] Dynamic adjustment: Based on the results of the MPPT algorithm, the MCU will adjust the operating point of the DC-DC converter or related regulating device connected to the photovoltaic module. This ensures that the photovoltaic system always operates at the optimal output state.

[0036] Periodic update: The MPPT algorithm is usually executed multiple times per second (for example, 10 times or more). The MCU continuously calculates and judges the photovoltaic output data in the background, and when it detects a change in the optimal operating point, it updates the control signal in real time and adjusts the converter output so that the photovoltaic module can always maintain the maximum power output state.

[0037] 4. Task coordination and priority management Multi-task scheduling: The MCU has a built-in real-time operating system (RTOS) or uses an efficient cyclic scheduling algorithm to allocate dual power switching logic and MPPT operation tasks to different time slices. In emergency situations (such as a sudden drop in the main photovoltaic power supply voltage), the switching logic has a higher priority to ensure priority response.

[0038] Signal mutual exclusion and data sharing: To prevent conflicts between different tasks, the MCU uses signal mutual exclusion mechanisms (such as semaphores and task locks) to ensure data sharing security. In this way, even when MPPT operations and dual power supply switching are performed at the same time, the data reading and command output of each module can be guaranteed not to be interfered.

[0039] Fault detection and feedback: During the execution process, the MCU continuously monitors the feedback information of each module. Once an abnormality is found (such as too long switching delay, unstable MPPT operation, etc.), the alarm mechanism will be triggered and the fault information will be stored or uploaded to the data storage and communication module for subsequent maintenance and optimization.

[0040] 5. Example process in actual operation Scenario 1: The photovoltaic main power supply is normal The MCU collects photovoltaic output data every millisecond. The background MPPT algorithm dynamically calculates the current maximum power point based on the sampled data and adjusts the DC-DC converter in real time to keep the output power of the photovoltaic module at the optimal state. At the same time, the MCU monitors the mains power status to ensure that the backup power supply is on standby at any time, but it does not switch.

[0041] Scenario 2: Sudden abnormality of photovoltaic main power supply When the MCU detects that the voltage of the photovoltaic main power supply drops below the set threshold, it immediately suspends some low-priority MPPT operation tasks and issues a high-priority switching command to drive the solid-state switch to complete the switch from the photovoltaic main power supply to the main power backup power supply within 10 milliseconds. After the switch is completed, the MCU records the switching data and continuously monitors the photovoltaic status. After the main power supply is restored, it switches back to photovoltaic power supply.

[0042] In summary, the MCU effectively coordinates the operation of the dual power switching logic and the MPPT algorithm through high-frequency sampling, multi-task scheduling, real-time data calculation and priority management, ensuring that the system can achieve efficient and seamless power switching and photovoltaic maximum power tracking under various power supply conditions.

[0043] 6) Display module, real-time display of photovoltaic power generation status, including power generation, voltage, current, power, maximum power point parameters (Vmp, Imp), mains standby status and switching records. Provide daily and monthly power generation and efficiency curves to facilitate users to intuitively understand the performance of the photovoltaic system. Support the adjustment of the display interface through buttons or touch screen, view historical data or switch operation records.

[0044] 7) Power supply module. The main function of the power supply module is to provide stable and reliable power input for each functional module of the smart energy meter. The module integrates voltage stabilization circuit and power management chip, supports the input of photovoltaic main power supply and AC backup power supply, and ensures that constant voltage and current are always provided to MCU, MPPT measurement module, metering module and other peripheral circuits in dual power supply state through internal power switching logic. In specific implementation, after receiving photovoltaic or AC power input, the power supply module first eliminates power fluctuations through filtering and voltage stabilization, and then uses a low dropout regulator (LDO) or switching regulator to adjust the voltage to an appropriate level, while monitoring the power supply status and feeding back the power supply fault signal to the microprocessor unit to achieve automatic adjustment or switching. Through this module, the entire system can operate stably under various power supply conditions, providing reliable energy guarantee for subsequent modules.

[0045] 8) The shell structure has waterproof, dustproof and electromagnetic shielding functions to adapt to complex photovoltaic environments; it provides safety protection design, such as leakage protection and short circuit protection, to ensure reliable operation of the equipment.

[0046] In addition, it also includes a photovoltaic module performance monitoring module, which monitors the module temperature and abnormal voltage / current fluctuations in real time and generates maintenance alarm signals. If it detects that the photovoltaic module efficiency has dropped or the power supply is switching frequently, the data can be uploaded to the server and a fault alarm can be triggered.

[0047] In the present invention, the photovoltaic module performance monitoring module not only monitors the temperature, voltage and current in real time, but also determines whether there is an abnormal situation through a preset threshold value, thereby triggering an alarm. The following are several examples of specific parameters and trigger conditions: 1. Temperature monitoring Normal range: The operating temperature of PV modules should be controlled between 25°C and 70°C during normal operation. When the temperature exceeds 80°C, the system considers that the PV module may have an overheating problem and immediately triggers a maintenance alarm. At the same time, if the temperature suddenly drops below 0°C (for example, in extreme winter conditions), it will also be considered an abnormal situation and trigger an alarm, as this may affect the performance of the module.

[0048] 2. Voltage monitoring Normal range: For example, the maximum power point voltage (Vmp) of a specific photovoltaic module under standard test conditions may be 35 V. If the module voltage is detected to be lower than 31.5 V (about 90% lower than the standard value) or higher than 38.5 V (about 110% higher than the standard value), it means that the voltage fluctuation exceeds the tolerance range. At this time, the system will trigger an alarm to prompt the user to check the module connection or environmental factors (such as shading, loose wiring, etc.).

[0049] 3. Current monitoring Normal range: For example, the maximum power point current (Imp) of a component may be 8 A. When the actual measured current is lower than 7.2 A (90% lower than the standard value) or higher than 8.8 A (110% higher than the standard value), it indicates that the current output is abnormal, and the system will record the data and trigger an alarm, indicating that there may be component damage or local overload.

[0050] 4. Power switching frequency monitoring Under normal circumstances, the switching between the photovoltaic main power supply and the mains backup power supply should be sporadic and only triggered when the photovoltaic power supply conditions are insufficient. If the number of switching exceeds 5 times within 1 consecutive hour, or the number of switching exceeds 10 times within 24 consecutive hours, the system will consider that the power supply is unstable or subject to external interference, thereby triggering a fault alarm and automatically uploading the switching records and related data to the server for subsequent analysis.

[0051] Through the above preset specific parameters, when the monitoring module detects that the temperature, voltage, and current data deviate from the normal operating range, or the switching frequency is abnormal, it will automatically generate a maintenance alarm signal, and upload the alarm information, operating data, and historical records to the server through the data storage and communication module. This not only can remind users to perform maintenance in time, but also helps to further analyze the cause of the problem and optimize the system design.

[0052] The above implementation modes are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A smart electric energy meter with dual power supply automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function, characterized in that: It mainly includes the following modules: Dual power switching module, used to achieve automatic switching between photovoltaic main power supply and AC backup power supply, with a switching response time of less than 10 milliseconds; MPPT measurement module, integrated with MPPT algorithm, monitors the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic main power supply in real time, and dynamically adjusts the working point so that the photovoltaic main power supply always outputs the maximum power; The metering module measures the electric energy of the photovoltaic main power supply and the mains backup power supply respectively, and uses the maximum power point parameters calculated by the MPPT measurement module to evaluate the power generation efficiency and overall performance of the photovoltaic main power supply; Data storage and communication module, real-time storage of power metering data, MPPT parameters and historical operation data, supporting remote communication protocol transmission; Microprocessor unit, controls dual power switching logic, executes MPPT algorithm and coordinates the operation of each module; Display module, which displays the power generation status of the photovoltaic main power supply, the status of the mains backup power supply and the switching record in real time; The power supply module provides stable and reliable power input for each functional module of the system; The shell structure has waterproof, dustproof and electromagnetic shielding functions.

2. The smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The dual power switching module includes a photovoltaic main power input channel and a commercial backup power input channel, uses a relay or a solid-state switch as a switching device, and switches based on the photovoltaic main power priority principle.

3. A smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: When it is detected that the voltage of the photovoltaic main power supply is lower than the set threshold or is completely powered off, the dual power switching module controls the relay or solid-state switch to switch to the AC backup power supply within 10 milliseconds to ensure the normal operation of the equipment; when the photovoltaic main power supply resumes normal power supply, the dual power switching module automatically switches back to the photovoltaic main power supply to avoid long-term use of the AC power.

4. A smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the switching process, the data storage and communication module records the switching time, switching reason and status information between photovoltaic and mains in real time, and sends alarm information through remote communication when necessary.

5. The smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The MPPT measurement module calculates the real-time output power of the photovoltaic main power supply through a microprocessor unit and runs the MPPT algorithm for dynamic adjustment; the MPPT algorithm is implemented using a perturbation observation method or an incremental conductance method, and performs dynamic adjustments at least 10 times per second to ensure that the photovoltaic main power supply always outputs maximum power.

6. The smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data stored in the data storage and communication module in real time include voltage, current, power, Vmp, Imp, and Pmp; it supports at least one communication protocol among NB-IoT, LoRa, and GPRS, and interacts with the cloud server for power generation data, efficiency reports, and alarm information.

7. The smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module receives input from the photovoltaic main power supply and the AC backup power supply, eliminates power supply fluctuations through filtering and voltage stabilization, and adjusts the voltage to an appropriate level using a low dropout regulator (LDO) or a switching regulator. At the same time, it monitors the power supply status and feeds back fault signals to the microprocessor unit to achieve automatic adjustment or switching, thereby ensuring that the entire system can operate stably under various power supply conditions.

8. The smart electric energy meter with dual power automatic switching and photovoltaic MPPT measurement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a photovoltaic performance monitoring module, which monitors the temperature and abnormal voltage / current fluctuations of the photovoltaic main power supply in real time and generates maintenance alarm signals.

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