Improvement method for removing viscosity and increasing fertility of yellow mud field

Abstract

The invention discloses an improvement method for removing viscosity and increasing fertility of a yellow mud field, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement, according to the improvement method, green manure and crops are planted in the yellow mud field in a crop rotation mode, and the improvement method comprises the following steps that leguminous green manure or gramineous green manure with developed root systems is planted in the yellow mud field, and the green manure is turned and returned to the field in the full-bloom stage; performing deep scarification operation, spreading a debonding material and applying an organic fertilizer-ardealite compound on the yellow mud field which is turned, pressed and returned to the field in sequence; 10-15 days before rice transplanting, a slow-release compound fertilizer is additionally applied; a microbial agent is sprayed 7-10 days before rice transplanting. According to the method, the plow pan is broken through deep scarification, a debonding material composed of straw particles, rice husk charcoal and kieselguhr is applied to improve the physical structure, then organic-inorganic composite fertilizer increasing, microbial agent activation and green manure crop rotation are combined, rapid debonding and continuous fertilizer increasing of the yellow mud field are achieved, and the yield of crops is further increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement, and in particular relates to a method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Yellow mud fields are a type of soil widely distributed in the hilly and plain areas of southern my country. Their unique physical and chemical properties bring both advantages and challenges to agricultural production. The notable characteristics of yellow mud fields include high clay content (usually more than 40%), low porosity, easy compaction, and poor air and water permeability. These characteristics restrict the development of crop roots and make it difficult to form a healthy and developed root structure, which directly affects the growth and yield of crops. In addition, the organic matter content of yellow mud fields is generally low, usually less than 1.5%, which further weakens its ability to retain water and fertilizer, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agricultural production. The existing yellow mud fields have the following problems:

[0003] Poor physical structure: Due to the high clay content, the soil particles in yellow mud fields are small and tightly packed, with extremely low porosity, resulting in poor air and water permeability. This characteristic not only easily causes water accumulation in the rainy season and cracking in the dry season, but also limits the expansion of crop roots and oxygen supply, affecting the normal metabolic activities of plants.

[0004] Lack of organic matter: The organic matter content of yellow mud fields is generally low, usually less than 1.5%. This deficiency not only reduces the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, but also weakens the activity of soil microbial communities, reduces the formation of organic-inorganic complexes in the soil, and thus affects the stability of soil aggregates.

[0005] Low fertility and nutrient loss: Although yellow mud fields have a certain degree of natural fertility, their nutrient supply capacity is limited due to the lack of sufficient organic matter. At the same time, due to the loose soil structure, rainwater erosion easily leads to nutrient loss, further exacerbating the problem of insufficient fertility.

[0006] In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of yellow mud fields, a variety of traditional improvement methods are often used in agricultural production, but these methods have limitations to varying degrees:

[0007] 1. Sand mixing method: by mixing sand into the yellow mud field, the gaps between soil particles are increased to improve air permeability and water permeability. It requires a large amount of external sand, which has high transportation costs and is more difficult to implement in remote areas. Moreover, sand mixing can only improve the physical structure of the soil in the short term and fails to solve the problem of insufficient organic matter. In addition, large-scale sand mining may also cause damage to the ecological environment.

[0008] 2. Single application of organic fertilizer: By applying organic fertilizer, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the soil structure and fertility are improved. Although it can increase the organic matter content, it fails to effectively reduce the aggregation of clay particles and is difficult to fundamentally improve the soil physical structure. Moreover, the yellow clay field has poor water permeability, and under the scouring of rainwater, some nutrients may be lost with the water flow, reducing the fertilizer utilization rate.

[0009] 3. Lime adjustment of pH method: By applying lime to adjust the soil pH, the inhibitory effect of acidity on crop growth is alleviated. Among them, the effect of lime on soil de-clayification is relatively limited and cannot significantly improve the soil structure; moreover, excessive application of lime may change the soil microbial community structure, inhibit the activities of beneficial microorganisms, and even cause secondary salinization problems.

[0010] 4. Deep plowing and sunning method: By deep plowing to break the soil hardpan layer and combining sunning to promote soil aeration and water evaporation. On the one hand, this method requires a large amount of human and mechanical resources, especially difficult to implement in hilly areas. On the other hand, the soil structure is prone to deteriorate again due to rainfall or tillage after deep plowing, and frequent repeated operations are required.

[0011] In summary, in view of the various problems existing in the traditional improvement methods, there is an urgent need for an economical, efficient and sustainable improvement technology for yellow clay fields that can simultaneously improve the soil structure and fertility. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an improvement method for de-clayifying and increasing fertility of yellow clay fields.

[0013] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0014] An improvement method for de-clayifying and increasing fertility of yellow clay fields, in which green manure and crops are planted in a rotation manner in the yellow clay fields, including the following steps:

[0015] Plant green manure in the yellow clay fields and turn it over and return it to the field during the full-bloom period;

[0016] Carry out subsoiling operations, apply de-clayifying materials and apply organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum complexes to the yellow clay fields after turning over and returning them to the field in sequence;

[0017] 10 - 15 days before rice transplanting, apply slow-release compound fertilizer;

[0018] 7 - 10 days before rice transplanting, spray microbial inoculum.

[0019] Optionally, the crop is rice.

[0020] Optionally, the green manure is leguminous green manure or gramineous green manure with developed roots, preferably milk vetch or sesbania.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The invention rotates leguminous green manure (such as astragalus or sesbania) and turns it over and returns it to the field during the flowering period, which is an economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable soil improvement measure. It can not only significantly improve soil fertility and structure, but also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and protect the ecological environment.

[0022] Among them, milk vetch is a leguminous plant that can improve soil fertility through good nitrogen fixation. It has a well-developed self-operating root system, which can improve soil structure and enhance the air permeability and water retention of yellow mud field soil. Milk vetch grows very fast and can effectively suppress weeds. After turning over, it can be used as green manure to increase the content of organic matter in the soil.

[0023] Sesbania is a green manure plant. Its fresh stems and leaves contain high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and can be used as high-quality organic fertilizer. The roots of Sesbania can loosen the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of rice roots and the absorption of nutrients. At the same time, the branches and leaves of Sesbania can also provide shade for the soil surface and reduce water evaporation.

[0024] Optionally, the deep tillage operation has a depth of 35-45 cm, which is used to break up the soil compaction layer, improve soil aeration and water permeability, and lay the foundation for subsequent improvement measures.

[0025] Optionally, the debonding material includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0026] 50-70 parts of decomposed straw particles, 20-30 parts of rice husk charcoal and 10-20 parts of diatomaceous earth.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The three raw materials of decomposed straw particles, rice husk charcoal and diatomaceous earth disclosed in the present invention have their own characteristics. Through reasonable proportion (50-70 parts of decomposed straw particles, 20-30 parts of rice husk charcoal and 10-20 parts of diatomaceous earth) and synergistic effect, it can effectively achieve the de-sticking and fertilization of yellow mud fields. This improvement method not only improves the physical structure of the soil, but also enhances the soil fertility, creating good conditions for crop growth.

[0028] Furthermore, the particle size of the decomposed straw particles is 2-4 mm; the specific surface area of ​​the rice husk charcoal is ≥ 200 m 2 / g; SiO in the diatomite 2 Content ≥85wt%.

[0029] Furthermore, the application amount of the debonding material is 200-300 kg / mu.

[0030] Optionally, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to the phosphogypsum in the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum composite is 8-10: 1. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum composite is: adding a certain proportion of phosphogypsum to the organic fertilizer raw material and then composting and decomposing.

[0031] Beneficial effects: Organic fertilizers (such as well-rotted livestock and poultry manure) are rich in organic matter and can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter. Among them, after the decomposition of organic matter, substances such as humic acid can be formed, which promotes the formation of soil aggregates and improves the soil structure. In addition, the addition of organic matter can increase soil porosity and reduce soil density, thereby improving the poor air permeability and water permeability of yellow clay fields. Phosphogypsum is a by-product in the production process of phosphoric acid. Adding a part of phosphogypsum during the composting process of organic fertilizers can make the compost rich in calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) elements. Among them, calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) can replace sodium ions (Na 2+ ) or aluminum ions (Al 3+ ) in the soil, reduce aluminum toxicity, and the calcium ions in phosphogypsum can, through bridging, agglomerate soil particles into stable aggregates, further improving the soil structure. Sulfur element is an essential medium element for plant growth and can participate in protein synthesis and the regulation of enzyme activity. In addition, phosphogypsum can also improve the quality of organic fertilizers by adjusting pH, reducing harmful gas emissions, promoting the humification process, and regulating the nutrient content of compost. The present invention combines the two, and by utilizing the synergistic effect of organic fertilizer and phosphogypsum, can significantly improve the physical properties and fertility of yellow clay fields, creating good soil conditions for the growth of subsequent crops.

[0032] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, and the water content is ≤30%.

[0033] Furthermore, the application rate of the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum complex is 2-3 t / mu, and it is plowed and pressed into the soil layer of 20-30 cm.

[0034] Optionally, the slow-release compound fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and the mass ratio of the three is 13-15∶7-10∶9-15. The application rate is 40-50 kg / mu.

[0035] Furthermore, the microbial inoculant is EM inoculant.

[0036] Furthermore, the spraying amount of the EM inoculant is 2-3 kg / mu.

[0037] Even further, the viable count of the EM inoculant is (2-8)×10 8 CFU / g.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0039] The present invention discloses a method for improving yellow clay fields to remove stickiness and increase fertility. By deep loosening to break the plow sole, applying a de-sticking material composed of straw particles, rice husk charcoal, and diatomite to improve the physical structure, and then combining organic-inorganic compound fertilization, microbial inoculant activation, and green manure rotation, rapid de-sticking and continuous fertilization of yellow clay fields are achieved.

[0040] The improved method disclosed by the present invention has low cost and simple operation, and can significantly improve crop yield and soil sustainable productivity. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] The various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and implementation manners of the present invention.

[0042] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0044] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific implementation manners of the specification of the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other implementation manners obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are only exemplary.

[0045] Regarding "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. used herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0046] The "parts" mentioned in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all refer to parts by mass.

[0047] All raw materials used in the present invention are obtained by purchasing in the market.

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below through examples.

[0049] In the examples, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum composite is as follows: Add phosphogypsum in a mass ratio of 8-10:1 to the organic fertilizer raw materials (livestock and poultry manure and corn straw), and then carry out composting and ripening to obtain it (water content ≤ 30%). Conventional techniques can be used for the specific composting method, rice transplanting, and subsequent management methods.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] An improved method for de-sticking and increasing fertility of yellow mud fields, in which milk vetch and crops are planted in a rotation manner in yellow mud fields, including the following steps:

[0052] (1) Plant milk vetch in the yellow mud field and turn it over and return it to the field during the full-bloom period;

[0053] (2) Carry out subsoiling operations, apply de-sticking materials, and apply the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum composite to the yellow mud field after turning it over and returning it to the field in sequence;

[0054] Among them, the subsoiling depth of the subsoiling operation is 40 ± 2 cm;

[0055] Then evenly apply 260 kg of de-sticking materials per mu. The de-sticking materials are composed of the following components by weight:

[0056] Rotten straw particles (particle size 2-4 mm) 70 parts, rice husk charcoal (specific surface area ≥ 200 m 2 / g) 30 parts, and diatomaceous earth (SiO 2 content ≥ 85%) 20 parts;

[0057] The mass ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to phosphogypsum in the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum composite is 10:1, and 3 tons are applied per mu, which is turned over to a soil layer of 20-30 cm;

[0058] (3) 15 days before rice transplanting, apply a slow-release compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers is: N∶P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O = 15∶7∶15), and the application rate per mu is 45 kg;

[0059] (4) 10 days before rice transplanting, spray EM bacterial agent (the viable count of microbial strains is 5 × 10 8 CFU / g), and the application rate per mu is 3 kg, which is mixed with the surface soil; finally, rice transplanting is carried out.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the de-sticking materials are composed of the following components by weight:

[0062] Rotten straw particles (particle size 2-4 mm) 65 parts, rice husk charcoal (specific surface area ≥ 200 m2 / g) 27 parts and diatomaceous earth (SiO 2 content ≥ 85%) 16 parts.

[0063] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the debonding material consists of the following components in parts by weight:

[0066] Decayed straw particles (particle size 2 - 4 mm) 50 parts, rice husk charcoal (specific surface area ≥ 200 m 2 / g) 20 parts and diatomaceous earth (SiO 2 content ≥ 85%) 10 parts.

[0067] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to phosphogypsum in the organic fertilizer - phosphogypsum complex is 9∶1.

[0070] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to phosphogypsum in the organic fertilizer - phosphogypsum complex is 8∶1.

[0073] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Example 6

[0075] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (3), the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the additional slow - release compound fertilizer is: N∶P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O = 14∶9∶12.

[0076] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0077] Example 7

[0078] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (3), the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the additional slow - release compound fertilizer is: N∶P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O = 13∶7∶9.

[0079] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the debonding material consists of the following components in parts by weight:

[0082] 70 parts of decomposed straw granules (particle size 2 - 4 mm), 20 parts of diatomite (SiO 2 content ≥ 85%).

[0083] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0084] Comparative Example 2

[0085] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the debonding material consists of the following components in parts by weight:

[0086] 70 parts of decomposed straw granules (particle size 2 - 4 mm), 30 parts of rice husk charcoal (specific surface area ≥ 200 m 2 / g).

[0087] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0088] Comparative Example 3

[0089] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the mass ratio of decomposed livestock and poultry manure (moisture content ≤ 30%) to phosphogypsum is 10:0, that is, no phosphogypsum is added.

[0090] Other improvement steps and condition parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 4

[0092] Blank control test, only planting rice without any treatment.

[0093] Effect verification:

[0094] I. The improvement methods of the above Examples 1 - 7 and Comparative Examples 1 - 4 are applied to different areas in the same yellow mud field with similar soil environmental conditions. The average plant height and average yield per plant of the finally harvested rice are shown in Table 1 below.

[0095] Table 1

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Conclusion: As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height and yield per plant of the rice harvested by the improved methods in Examples 1-7 of the present invention are higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-4. The highest plant height can reach 98.2 cm, and the highest yield per plant can reach 42.3 g. Moreover, by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1-4, it can be seen that the de-bonding material of the present invention, which is composed of three raw materials, namely decomposed straw particles, rice husk charcoal, and diatomaceous earth, has a synergistic effect and can effectively achieve the effect of de-bonding and fertilizing yellow mud fields. In combination with organic-inorganic compound fertilization, microbial inoculant activation, and green manure rotation, the rapid de-bonding and sustainable fertilization of yellow mud fields can be more significantly achieved.

[0099] II. After one year of improving the yellow mud field by using the improvement methods of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3, some physical and chemical properties of the soil were detected, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0100] Table 2

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Note: The detection basis for soil bulk density is GB / T 17767-1999; the detection basis for total porosity is GB / T 17767-1999; the organic matter content is based on the dichromate volumetric method; the total nitrogen content detection basis is GB / T 17767.1-1999; the total phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) content detection basis is GB / T 8573-1999; the total potassium (K 2 O) content detection basis is GB / T 17767.3-1999; the pH detection method is the water extraction-pH meter method.

[0104] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving yellow mud field by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer, characterized in that: The rotation method of growing green manure and crops in yellow mud fields includes the following steps: Plant green manure in yellow mud fields and turn it over and return it to the fields during the flowering period; Subsoiling, spreading debonding materials and applying organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum complex are sequentially performed on the yellow mud field after the turning and returning to the field; 10-15 days before rice transplanting, apply slow-release compound fertilizer; Spray microbial agents 7-10 days before rice transplanting.

2. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop is rice.

3. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep tillage depth of the deep tillage operation is 35-45cm.

4. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The debonding material includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of decomposed straw particles, 20-30 parts of rice husk charcoal and 10-20 parts of diatomaceous earth.

5. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the decomposed straw particles is 2-4 mm; the specific surface area of ​​the rice husk charcoal is ≥ 200 m 2 / g; the SiO2 content in the diatomaceous earth is ≥85wt%.

6. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application amount of the debonding material is 200-300 kg / mu.

7. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to the phosphogypsum in the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum composite is (8-10):

1.

8. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the organic fertilizer-phosphogypsum complex is 2-3 tons / mu, and it is pressed to a soil layer of 20-30 cm.

9. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the mass ratio of the three is (13-15): (7-10): (9-15).

10. The method for improving yellow mud fields by removing stickiness and increasing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent is an EM agent.

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