Intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach orchard

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, fertilization and irrigation, and particularly relates to an intelligent fertilization method for a yellow peach orchard, and the fertilization method comprises the following steps: after planting yellow peach trees, laying an irrigation system in the yellow peach tree forest; after the yellow peach saplings germinate; when the fruit trees are planted, a base fertilizer bank is formed in the planting furrows in advance, soil can be improved, soil can be fertilized, roots can be raised, root systems can be guided to grow into deep soil, the fruit trees have deep roots and luxuriant leaves, the stress resistance of the fruit trees can be improved, and a foundation is laid for early fruiting, high yield and high quality of the fruit trees; moreover, the prepared base fertilizer library is laid in advance, so that the workload of applying the base fertilizer to the fruit trees in the future is saved, and the phenomenon of root breakage or root burning caused by improper base fertilizer applying methods or improper base fertilizer applying amount in the future is avoided; the base fertilizer library is laid during field planting of the fruit trees, so that the base fertilizer can be properly and shallowly applied and the application amount of the base fertilizer can be reduced after the yellow peaches are picked, the condition that the soil is frequently turned for improving the soil or burying the fertilizer is avoided, and the fertilization effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of planting, fertilizing and irrigation, and specifically relates to an intelligent fertilization method for a yellow peach orchard. Background Art

[0002] With the development of society, the shortage of rural labor force and the increase in costs have led to the development of orchard management towards labor-saving, mechanization, and integration of water and fertilizer. However, this has also brought problems such as soil compaction and poor air permeability. The root system is an important organ of fruit trees, with functions such as fixation, conduction, storage, absorption, synthesis and distribution, and reproduction. The growth of the above-ground part of fruit trees depends on the supply of water, mineral nutrients, and growth-active substances synthesized by the root system. If the root system is damaged, it will cause phenomena such as weakened tree vigor, yellowing of leaves, and defoliation, affecting the yield and quality of fruits. In severe cases, the branches will wither, affecting the lifespan of fruit trees and even causing death. Therefore, in the cultivation and management of fruit trees, the root system must be carefully protected. Most of the nutrients required by fruit trees, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, come partly from the air and partly from the soil. However, the nutrient elements contained in the soil cannot fully meet the growth needs of fruit trees, especially some major elements and some essential trace elements. This requires fruit farmers to fertilize and top-dress fruit trees. How to scientifically and reasonably fertilize and top-dress fruit trees is very important in fruit tree cultivation. However, some fruit farmers have many wrong practices in fertilizing and top-dressing fruit trees. These practices reduce the yield of fruit trees, deteriorate the fruit quality, and directly affect the economic income of fruit farmers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an intelligent fertilization method for a yellow peach orchard.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: The present invention proposes an intelligent fertilization method for a yellow peach orchard. The fertilization method includes the following steps: S1: After the yellow peach trees are planted, an irrigation system is laid in the yellow peach orchard. After the yellow peach saplings sprout, 20 g of nitrogen fertilizer is top-dressed for each plant, and it is applied once again after 1 month. Before each fertilization by workers, the soil around is tested for nutrients, and the fertilization amount is determined according to the test results. S2: After the yellow peach saplings sprout, water needs to be poured once a week for 3 - 4 consecutive weeks, maintaining the method of frequent watering with small amounts of water. During the yellow peach sapling stage, basal fertilizer needs to be applied in autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, with a dosage of 150 - 225 kg / hm 2 , and at the same time, 10 kg / hm of organic calcium fertilizer is applied 2 , 1.5 kg / hm of urea 2 ; S3: Start topdressing 1 week before the peach tree shoots are released. Use quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and topdress once every 10 - 15 days for 2 - 3 consecutive cycles. After the peach tree shoots are released, mainly control the shoots and use phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizers during this period. S4: Topdress compound fertilizer once during the fruit swelling period of yellow peaches, with a dosage of 450 - 600 kg / hm 2 , after mid-July, control the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer and the amount of irrigation water, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizers until it bears fruit.

[0005] Preferably, before planting in S1, dig a planting ditch with a depth and width of 1 m each. Lay crop straw with a thickness of 10 cm at the bottom of the ditch, and then cover it with 15 - 20 cm thick cow dung organic fertilizer. Then, mix and backfill with 200 kg of organic fertilizer, 40 kg of biological organic bacteria fertilizer, 60 kg of superphosphate and soil per mu. When backfilling to 20 cm from the ground, irrigate with a large amount of water until it is thoroughly watered and compacted for planting.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, before the peach tree buds sprout, randomly dig the soil 20 cm around the fruit tree 3 to detect the biomass and earthworm quantity in the soil to form a numerical value as a reference value for fertilizer application. Apply 2 kg of biological organic fertilizer to each plant using the irrigation system, and then quantitatively apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers based on the reference value.

[0007] Preferably, in S3, apply 50 kg of decomposed peanut bran water and 0.25 kg of compound potassium fertilizer to each plant for drenching. For yellow peach trees with stronger tree vigor, reduce the application by half. Then apply compound fertilizer 2 weeks before fruit picking, and 0.25 kg of urea can be applied to each plant. As the fruit-bearing amount increases, apply 3 - 5 kg of biological organic fertilizer and 40 - 80 kg of farmyard manure to each plant.

[0008] Preferably, in S1, before laying crop straw in the planting ditch, first mix 50 kg of cement according to the method of mixing 1 cubic meter of soil volume to form mixed soil, and then evenly spread the mixed soil at the bottom of the planting ditch. The laying depth of the mixed soil is 20 - 30 cm. Then, determine the amount of irrigation water according to the weather and soil moisture. After standing until the mixed soil hardens, lay the crop straw.

[0009] Preferably, in S1, if the soil is sandy soil or the soil calcium content < 0.5 mg / kg, the added weight of cement is 50 - 70 kg; if the soil is clayey soil or the soil calcium content > 0.5 mg / kg, the added weight of cement is 20 - 30 kg.

[0010] Preferably, in S1, the period of mixing the cement soil is at night in winter. The mixed cement soil is placed in the form of cubes at the bottom of the planting ditch. After the mixed cement soil solidifies on the winter night, continue to lay it. After the temperature around the cement soil rises, honeycomb-shaped pores are formed inside the cement soil.

[0011] Preferably, in S4, during the growth period of the peach tree, calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface through the irrigation system. The spraying method is as follows: 4-5 weeks after flowering, spray 2-3 times with 0.1% Bordeaux mixture; during the young fruit period of yellow peaches, spray 2-3 times with 0.3% calcium nitrate; 1 month before fruit harvesting, spray 2-3 times with 0.3% calcium nitrate, and spray at the calyx depression of the fruit.

[0012] Preferably, in S1, the boron content in the soil is <0.5 mg / kg, and boric acid fertilizer is applied on the surface of the cement soil. The total application amount is 0.5 kg / hm 2 , and it is applied according to the plant spacing and row spacing converted into single-plant or single-row dosage.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. For the intelligent fertilization method of a yellow peach orchard described in the present invention, when the fruit trees are planted, a base fertilizer reservoir is formed in the planting trench in advance, which can improve the soil, nourish the roots with fertile soil, guide the roots to grow into the deep soil, make the fruit trees have deep roots and lush leaves, improve the stress resistance of the fruit trees, and lay a foundation for the early fruiting, high yield and good quality of the fruit trees; moreover, the pre-laid base fertilizer reservoir not only saves the workload of applying base fertilizer to the fruit trees in the future, but also avoids the occurrence of root breakage or root burning caused by improper base fertilizer application methods or dosages in the future; since the base fertilizer reservoir has been laid when the fruit trees are planted, after the yellow peaches are harvested, the base fertilizer can be appropriately shallowly applied and the application amount of the base fertilizer can be reduced, reducing the use cost, and avoiding the situation of frequently turning the soil for soil improvement or fertilizer burial, thereby improving the fertilization effect.

[0014] 2. For the intelligent fertilization method of a yellow peach orchard described in the present invention, when facing a sloping orchard or the situation of needing to reinforce the soil, after adding cement to the soil, the stability of the soil can be improved; cement has good adhesiveness and hardening properties, and can bond soil particles together to form a solid soil mass; this solid soil mass can effectively resist external pressure and extrusion, thereby improving the stability of the soil and further improving the planting effect; too little cement addition may not achieve the ideal curing effect, while too much cement may lead to increased costs and environmental impacts. Therefore, by combining the season and soil moisture conditions to determine the watering amount, it can better adapt to the planting conditions, thereby improving the planting effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 is the process flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 is the three-dimensional view of the pipeline unit in the present invention; Figure 3 is the three-dimensional view of the fertilization pipe; Figure 4 is the internal schematic diagram of the shallow layer area; Figure 5 It is an internal schematic diagram of the deep layer area; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the shallow layer area; In the figure: main pipeline 1, secondary pipeline 11, nozzle 12, sliding rod 13, fertilizing pipe 14, deep layer area 15, shallow layer area 16, fertilizing hole 17, serrated groove 18, vibrating rod 2, sliding plate 21, vibrating block 22, sealing block 23, sealing sheet 24. Specific implementation manner

[0017] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1: In order to effectively solve the above problems, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1 A smart fertilization method for a yellow peach orchard, the fertilization method includes the following steps: S1: After the yellow peach trees are planted, an irrigation system is laid in the yellow peach orchard; after the yellow peach saplings germinate, 20 g of nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed for each plant, and it is applied once again after 1 month. Before each fertilization by the worker, the surrounding soil is tested for nutrients, and the fertilization amount is determined according to the test results; to avoid excessive growth of branches and weakening of the tree vigor, and to promote germination and shoot growth; S2: After the yellow peach saplings germinate, water needs to be poured once a week for 3-4 consecutive weeks, maintaining the method of frequent watering with small amounts of water; in the stage of yellow peach saplings, basal fertilizer needs to be applied in autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, with a dosage of 150-225 kg / hm 2 , and at the same time, 10 kg / hm of organic calcium fertilizer is applied 2 , 1.5 kg / hm of urea 2 ; S3: Start topdressing 1 week before the yellow peach trees put out new shoots, use quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and topdress once every 10-15 days for 2-3 consecutive cycles; after the yellow peach trees put out new shoots, mainly control the new shoots, and use phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizers during this period; young trees need to be topdressed multiple times to attack the shoots and expand the tree crown, following the principle of frequent and light application, mainly using quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and then mixing with decomposed human and animal manure or biogas liquid, and appropriately adding leaching solution of superphosphate, S4: Topdress compound fertilizer once during the fruit expansion period of yellow peaches, with a dosage of 450-600 kg / hm 2, after mid-July, control the nitrogen fertilizer application rate and irrigation volume, and increase the application of phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizers until fruit setting; avoid excessive vegetative growth of the plants, which is also beneficial to promoting flower bud differentiation. Generally, before the germination of adult yellow peach trees, topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer. Apply 450 - 600 kg / hm2 of urea per hole. For each tree, 4 - 5 fertilization holes with a depth of 20 cm can be dug. Water should be applied in time before germination, and excessive watering should be avoided during the fruit setting period; The specific dosages such as the fertilization rate or laying amount in this application are all range values. For example: 20 g of nitrogen fertilizer, that is, about 20 g; and, the added fertilizers are mixed with the appropriate amount of water according to factors such as the on-site environment, season, and soil moisture.

[0019] Example Two: Before planting trees in S1, dig a planting ditch with a depth and width of 1 m each. Lay crop straw with a thickness of 10 cm at the bottom of the ditch, and then cover it with 15 - 20 cm thick cow dung organic fertilizer. Then, backfill by mixing 200 kg of organic fertilizer, 40 kg of biological organic bacteria fertilizer, 60 kg of superphosphate and soil per mu. When backfilling to 20 cm from the ground, irrigate with a large amount of water until it is thoroughly watered and compacted for planting; Through the above method, when the fruit trees are planted, a basal fertilizer reservoir is formed in the planting ditch in advance, which can improve the soil, nourish the roots with fertile soil, guide the roots to grow into the deep soil, make the fruit trees have deep roots and lush leaves, improve the stress resistance of the fruit trees, and lay a foundation for the early fruiting, high yield and good quality of the fruit trees; Moreover, the basal fertilizer reservoir prepared in advance not only saves the workload of applying basal fertilizer to the fruit trees in the future, but also avoids the occurrence of root breakage or root burning caused by improper basal fertilizer application methods or dosages in the future; In addition, cow dung contains a large amount of organic matter, which can provide long-term fertility support for the soil. The nutrient release of cow dung is relatively slow, with a mild nature and not easy to cause seedling burning, which helps the early planting and growth of saplings, further avoids the occurrence of root burning, and improves the planting effect of yellow peach trees; Since the basal fertilizer reservoir has been laid when the fruit trees are planted, after the yellow peaches are picked, the basal fertilizer can be applied shallowly and the application amount of the basal fertilizer can be reduced appropriately, reducing the use cost and avoiding the situation of frequently turning the soil for soil improvement or burying fertilizers, thereby improving the fertilization effect; In S1, before the germination of peach trees, randomly dig the soil 20 cm 3 around the fruit trees to detect the biomass and earthworm amount in the soil to form numerical values as the reference values for chemical fertilizer application; Apply 2 kg of biological organic fertilizer to each plant using the irrigation system, and then quantitatively apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers based on the reference values; If the amount of chemical fertilizer is too much, it will damage the soil and the organisms inside, reducing the continuous nutrients of the fruit trees from biological decay or manure; If the amount of chemical fertilizer is too little, the simple absorption of nutrients in the soil by the fruit trees is not enough for further growth. The above method is based on the detection of biomass, aiming at the biomass in the soil, reducing or increasing the amount of chemical fertilizer applied, reducing the impact of chemical fertilizer on organisms while making up for the nutrients required for the growth of fruit trees; In S3, 50 kg of decomposed peanut bran water and 0.25 kg of compound potassium fertilizer are applied per plant by drenching. For vigorous yellow peach trees, the application rate is halved. At this time, the fruits are rapidly expanding, and new shoots and roots begin to grow, requiring a large amount of nutrients. While adding compound potassium fertilizer and peanut bran water to supplement nutrients, the peanut bran water is sprayed to increase the contact effect between the peanut bran water and the leaves and fruits of the fruit trees, improve the immunity of the fruit trees, reduce the disease rate of the fruits, and thus improve the quality and taste of the fruits. Then, 0.25 kg of urea can be applied per plant as compound fertilizer 2 weeks before fruit harvest. Its function is to restore the tree vigor and accumulate nutrients. Quickly restoring the tree vigor is beneficial to the reproductive growth of the fruit trees without being affected, and it can avoid the weakening and decline of the tree body, such as yellowing and defoliation, thus improving the planting effect of the fruit trees. As the fruit-bearing amount increases, 3 - 5 kg of biological organic fertilizer and 40 - 80 kg of farmyard manure are applied per plant. Moreover, as the fruit-bearing amount in the tree crown increases, the amount of fertilizer applied is gradually increased. Using organic fertilizer and farmyard manure to continuously supplement nutrients to the fruit trees can further avoid the weakening and decline of the tree body, such as yellowing and defoliation, thus improving the planting effect of the fruit trees.

[0020] Example 3: In S1, before laying crop straw in the planting trench, first, according to the method of mixing 50 kilograms of cement into 1 cubic meter of soil volume, a mixed soil is formed, and then the mixed soil is evenly spread at the bottom of the planting trench. The laying depth of the mixed soil is 20 - 30 cm. Then, the amount of watering is determined according to the weather and soil moisture. After standing until the mixed soil hardens, crop straw is laid. In the case of sloping orchards or when the soil needs to be reinforced, after adding cement to the soil, the stability of the soil can be improved. Cement has good adhesiveness and hardening properties, and can bond soil particles together to form a solid soil mass. This solid soil mass can effectively resist external pressure and extrusion, thus improving the stability of the soil and further improving the planting effect. Too little cement addition may not achieve the ideal curing effect, while too much cement may lead to increased costs and environmental impacts. Therefore, by determining the amount of watering in combination with the season and soil moisture, it can better adapt to the planting conditions and thus improve the planting effect. Moreover, the soil mixed with cement can improve the air permeability of the deep soil and prevent the deep soil from being too wet and rotting the roots of the peach trees. In addition, the addition of cement can effectively drive away the earthworms at the bottom of the peach trees and reduce the turning effect of the earthworms at the bottom of the peach tree roots, thus maintaining the stability of the soil at the bottom of the peach tree roots and further improving the planting effect. Additionally, the calcium component in the cement can be absorbed by the soil, increasing the calcium content in the soil. The peach tree roots absorb calcium substances through the high-calcium soil, promoting the growth of the peach trees. Combining with the above fertilization method can improve the fertilization effect. In S1, if the soil is sandy soil or the calcium content in the soil is < 0.5 mg / kg, the added weight of cement is 50 - 70 kg to improve stability or the total calcium and exchangeable calcium concentrations in the soil; if the soil is clayey soil or the calcium content in the soil is > 0.5 mg / kg, the added weight of cement is 20 - 30 kg to avoid excessive hardening of the soil or too high total calcium and exchangeable calcium concentrations in the soil; In S1, the period of mixing the cement soil is at night in winter. The mixed cement soil is placed in the bottom of the planting trench in a block shape. The planting trench can be further dug deeper according to the height of the cement soil, so as to ensure that the laying height of other layers is not affected after the cement soil is placed; the mixed cement soil is allowed to solidify on the winter night and then continue to be laid. After the temperature around the cement soil rises, honeycomb-shaped pores are formed inside the cement soil, strengthening the air permeability after the cement soil solidifies, improving the air permeability of the deep soil, avoiding excessive moisture in the deep soil and rotting the roots of peach trees, and cooperating with the stabilizing effect of the cement soil on the soil after solidification, achieving the effect of improving the air permeability while stabilizing the deep soil, thereby improving the planting and fertilization effects of peach trees; In S4, during the growth period of peach trees, calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface through the irrigation system. Calcium ions enter the mesophyll and fruits through the leaf pores, fruit peel pores, stomata, and cortex of the leaves to quickly supplement calcium. Especially during the young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage, spraying on the leaf surface can relieve the calcium deficiency symptoms of fruit trees and improve fruit quality; the spraying method is as follows: 2 - 3 times of 0.1% Bordeaux mixture are sprayed 4 - 5 weeks after flowering; 2 - 3 times of 0.3% calcium nitrate are sprayed during the young fruit stage of yellow peaches, which can not only protect the leaves and fruits but also supplement calcium; 2 - 3 times of 0.3% calcium nitrate are sprayed on the calyx depression of the fruit 1 month before fruit harvesting, which can increase the fruit hardness, improve the content of vitamins and sugars, reduce the browning rate during fruit storage, and prevent water core disease, bitter pit disease, and cork disease; moreover, the calcium fertilizer drips onto the surface soil along the leaf surface, away from the earthworms in the soil, and will not drive away the earthworms. Avoiding the situation where the calcium fertilizer drives away the earthworms and affects the soil turning and nutrient supply by the earthworms, thereby improving the fertilization effect; In S1, when the boron content in the soil is < 0.5 mg / kg, boric acid fertilizer is applied on the surface of the cement soil, and the total application amount is 0.5 kg / hm 2, apply it according to the plant spacing and row spacing converted into the dosage per single plant or single row; Boron is related to the formation of pectin substances in cell walls, can promote cell elongation and cell division, root growth and extension, inhibit the formation of toxic phenolic compounds, enhance stress resistance, improve the drought and cold resistance of fruit trees, prevent late spring cold snaps and physiological diseases of fruit trees; The fluvo-aquic soil in the Yellow River Basin and the cinnamon soil in the limestone area have relatively high boron content. In silt sandy soil and slightly alkaline soil, boron is in an insoluble state. In soil with a very high calcareous content, the roots of fruit trees are not easy to absorb, and boron deficiency is likely to occur; The slightly acidic brown loam has a relatively high boron content. In the range of pH value from 4.4 to 6.7, the available boron content increases with the increase of pH value; In the gravelly skeletal soil on hilly mountains and slopes, boron in the soil is easily leached and lost; Therefore, according to the demand for boron fertilizer in different growth stages of fruit trees and the soil fertility status, apply boron according to local conditions and seasons to achieve the best fertilization effect, save costs and increase efficiency while improving the fertilization effect; Moreover, boric acid can be used as a catalyst to promote the hydration reaction in cement, improving the early strength and long-term stability of cement soil; In this process, boric acid reacts with silicates in cement to form borosilicates, and this compound can fill the pores of cement soil, increasing the hardness of cement soil; Also, after the temperature rises around the cement soil and the crystal water inside the cement soil liquefies and loses, it helps to form dense honeycomb pores inside the cement soil, improving the air permeability of the deep soil under the peach tree roots; In addition, the cement soil can consume a part of the boron fertilizer, reducing the amount of boron fertilizer in the applied base fertilizer pool, keeping the peach tree growing in an environment with a small amount of boron fertilizer, and reducing the operation of excavating the soil for fertilization in the later stage, which damages the soil structure, thereby improving the fertilization effect.

[0021] Example Five: On the basis of Example One, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figures 2 - 6 shown, the irrigation system includes a pipeline unit and a fertilization unit. The fertilization unit consists of a pump and a fertilizer tank. The pipeline unit consists of a main pipeline 1 and a sub-pipeline 11. The pump in the fertilization unit pumps the fertilizer into the main pipeline 1, and the main pipeline 1 sprays the fertilizer onto the soil around the peach tree through the sub-pipeline 11; The main pipeline 1 is laid in the yellow peach orchard, and the main pipeline 1 passes by each peach tree; Each peach tree is equipped with a circular sub-pipeline 11, and the peach tree is located at the center of the sub-pipeline 11; Nozzles 12 are evenly arranged on the top of the sub-pipeline 11, and the nozzles 12 face the tree crown; A sliding rod 13 is slidably connected to the top of the sub-pipeline 11, and the sliding rods 13 are distributed around the peach tree in a circular shape. One end of the sliding rod 13 touches the peach tree; A scale is provided on one side of the sliding rod 13, and the sliding rod 13 expresses the displacement value between it and the sub-pipeline 11 through the scale; At the bottom of the sliding rod 13, there is a fertilizer application pipe 14. The fertilizer application pipe 14 is square-tubular. The two ends of the fertilizer application pipe 14 are respectively close to and far from the peach tree roots. The two ends of the fertilizer application pipe 14 are both sharp, which facilitates the movement of the fertilizer application pipe 14 in the soil through the sharp parts at both ends. The bottom of the fertilizer application pipe 14 is stepped, and the interior of the fertilizer application pipe 14 is divided into a deep layer area 15 and a shallow layer area 16. The shallow layer area 16 and the deep layer area 15 are separated from each other. The bottom of the deep layer area 15 is close to the deep roots, and the bottom of the shallow layer area 16 is close to the shallow roots. The deep layer area 15 and the shallow layer area 16 are respectively connected to the main pipeline 1. Fertilizer application holes 17 are evenly opened on both sides of the fertilizer application pipe 14. The fertilizer application holes 17 are evenly distributed in the deep layer area 15 and the shallow layer area 16, and the bottom of the fertilizer application pipe 14 is inclined towards the fertilizer application holes 17. Sawtooth grooves 18 are evenly opened on the inner walls near the top on both sides of the fertilizer application pipe 14. A vibration rod 2 is provided on the inner wall at the depth of the sawtooth groove 18. One end of the vibration rod 2 passes through the inner wall of the fertilizer application pipe 14 and contacts the soil. The length of the vibration rod 2 located in the soil is greater than the length located in the fertilizer application pipe 14. A sliding plate 21 is slidably connected below the sawtooth groove 18 of the fertilizer application pipe 14. A spring is provided between the sliding plate 21 and the fertilizer application pipe 14. A vibration block 22 is slidably connected to the top of the sliding plate 21 through the spring. One end of the vibration block 22 extends into the sawtooth groove 18 and contacts the vibration rod 2. A sealing block 23 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fertilizer application pipe 14. A damper is provided between the sealing block 23 and the fertilizer application pipe 14. The sealing block 23 is located above the sawtooth groove 18. One inclined side of the sealing block 23 which is inclined contacts one side of the vibration block 22. A sealing piece 24 is provided at the bottom of the sealing block 23. The sealing piece 24 slides in the inner wall of the fertilizer application pipe 14 and contacts and blocks the fertilizer application holes 17. Parts such as sawtooth grooves 18, sliding plates 21, vibration rods 2 and vibration blocks 22 are provided in both the deep layer area 15 and the shallow layer area 16 of the fertilizer application pipe 14. The damper is a conventional damping component, that is, it is not affected when being squeezed and contracted, but is affected and slowly restored when stretching and restoring. Specific working process: After the yellow peach saplings are planted, the workers arrange a set of sub-pipelines 11 for each sapling. After the yellow peach saplings in the garden are arranged, the main pipeline 1 is started to be laid, and the main pipeline 1 is connected to the sub-pipelines 11. By means of pipeline laying and fertilization, the labor consumption is reduced, the accuracy of the fertilization amount is increased, which helps the fertilization work of the experimental garden or hillside garden of yellow peaches and improves the fertilization efficiency. When fertilizing, the pump in the fertilizing unit pumps the fertilizer into the main pipeline 1, and the main pipeline 1 transports the fertilizer to the fertilizing pipe 14 through the auxiliary pipeline 11. When fertilizing saplings in the growing season, if the amount of fertilizer applied at one time is too large or too concentrated, it will cause a high concentration of fertilizer solution in the local soil, and many fine roots and root tips will be burned. Moreover, if some fertilization is too close to the tree trunk and large roots, the root system will lose water due to the reverse flow of the aqueous solution, resulting in fertilizer damage and root burning. Therefore, by arranging the annular auxiliary pipeline 11, the sliding rods 13 are distributed around the ring on the auxiliary pipeline 11, and the fertilizing pipe 14 is installed at the bottom of the sliding rod 13. The fertilizer in the auxiliary pipeline 11 is sprayed into the soil through the fertilizing pipe 14, and the following effects can be achieved: On the one hand, since one end of the sliding rod 13 contacts the sapling, during the growth of the sapling, as the diameter of the sapling increases, the surface of the sapling squeezes the sliding rod 13 closer to the auxiliary pipeline 11. The sliding rod 13 drives the fertilizing pipe 14 to slide closer to the auxiliary pipeline 11 in the soil. The fertilizing location of the fertilizing pipe 14 for the sapling will also gradually move away from the root system of the sapling as the sapling grows thicker. This keeps the fertilizer flowing out through the fertilizing holes 17 away from the root system of the sapling, reduces the impact of damaging the root system, increases the degree of protection of the root system during fertilization, improves the absorption effect of the root system on the fertilizer, and thus improves the fertilization effect on the yellow peach saplings. And, workers can choose to add a rubber protective sleeve at the end of the sliding rod 13 that contacts the sapling, or install a pressure sensor at one end of the sliding rod 13. When the extrusion force between the sapling and the sliding rod 13 is too large, the worker can move there. Or, a motor can be installed on the auxiliary pipeline 11, which is triggered by the contact pressure value in the pressure sensor to start driving the sliding rod 13 to slide away from the sapling on the auxiliary pipeline 11, achieving the effect of automatically adjusting the distance between the fertilizing pipe 14 and the root system of the sapling; On the other hand, as the sapling grows, the root coverage range in the soil will also expand. For example, the distance between the root coverage edge boundary of the sapling and the sapling surface is 20 cm. After the sapling grows for 6 months, the distance between the root system and the sapling surface increases by 10 cm. This causes the root system to gradually approach the original fertilization location during the growth of the sapling. Therefore, since the side of the sliding rod 13 is provided with scales, the displacement value between the sliding rod 13 and the auxiliary pipeline 11 is expressed through the scales. The worker determines the root coverage boundary according to the cross-sectional diameter of the growing sapling. Subsequently, the worker moves the fertilizer pipe 14 away from the root system along the sliding rod 13 and then re-fixes the fertilizer pipe 14 at the bottom of the sliding rod 13 to ensure that the fertilizer hole 17 is far from the root system, further avoiding the occurrence of fertilizer burning the roots, thereby improving the fertilization effect on the yellow peach saplings. Moreover, through the annular fertilization of the sapling by the fertilizer pipe 14, the sapling can absorb the fertilizer evenly, avoiding uneven fertilization of the root system on one side of the sapling, resulting in overdevelopment on one side and growth restriction of the root system on the other side due to insufficient nutrients, thereby improving the fertilization effect. Furthermore, the fertilizer holes 17 are located on both sides of the fertilizer pipe 14. When the fertilizer pipe 14 is far from the root system, the fertilizer flowing out of the fertilizer holes 17 can be far from the root system, so that the direct contact between the fertilizer and the root system is reduced at the initial stage of fertilization, and the fertilizer contacts the root system indirectly through the soil, reducing the occurrence of root burning and improving the fertilization effect. Through the above method, the fertilizer pipe 14 can change the fertilization location according to different growth stages of the sapling, and accurately determine the fertilization location through the scales, improving the intelligence of fertilizing the yellow peach tree. Furthermore, the main pipeline 1 can be connected to the deep layer area 15 and the shallow layer area 16 through different pipelines respectively, or the on-off effect between the main pipeline 1 and the deep layer area 15 or the shallow layer area 16 can be controlled by arranging a three-way solenoid valve. During conventional fertilization, the fertilizer is sprinkled on the soil surface, and the fertilizer is concentrated on the soil surface, which is likely to cause too high a local nutrient concentration, directly stimulating the shallow roots, while the deep roots contact a low fertilizer concentration, resulting in poor root development. Therefore, by setting the deep layer area 15 and the shallow layer area 16 in the fertilizer pipe 14, the fertilizer pipe 14 can apply the fertilizer to an appropriate depth according to the growth stage of the sapling and the root distribution. For example, shallow fertilization is controlled at 0 - 20 cm, and deep fertilization is controlled at 20 - 60 cm. In this way, the fertilizer is evenly applied to the root system of the sapling, improving the uniformity of root fertilization, thereby improving the absorption effect of the roots on the fertilizer, and further improving the fertilization effect on the peach tree. Moreover, by separating the deep layer area 15 and the shallow layer area 16 from each other, workers can transport different fertilizers through the main pipeline 1 to the fertilizer application pipe 14. For example, the shallow root system is close to the ground surface, and the water evaporates quickly under the sun, so the concentration of the fertilizer in the soil increases as the water evaporates. While the deep root system is far from the ground surface, and the water is not easy to evaporate, but the amount of the deep root system is less than that of the shallow root system. Therefore, in the above way, workers can transport different fertilizers for this phenomenon to the shallow layer area 16 and the deep layer area 15, which helps the root growth of the saplings, thus improving the fertilizer application effect on the peach trees. Moreover, the bottom of the fertilizer application pipe 14 inclines towards the fertilizer application hole 17, so that all the fertilizers in the fertilizer application pipe 14 can be discharged through the fertilizer application hole 17, reducing the residue of the fertilizer in the dead corner of the fertilizer application pipe 14 and avoiding the excessive residue of the fertilizer from affecting the predetermined fertilizer application amount. When transporting fertilizers to the shallow layer area 16 or the deep layer area 15, for example, in the shallow layer area 16: the sub-pipeline 11 pumps the fertilizers into the shallow layer area 16 in the fertilizer application pipe 14. As the pumped fertilizers increase, the extrusion slide plate 21 rises away from the top of the shallow layer area 16, and the slide plate 21 drives the vibration block 22 to rise. When the vibration block 22 rises along the inner wall of the shallow layer area 16 and contacts the serrated groove 18, the vibration block 22 is no longer squeezed by the inner wall of the shallow layer area 16. Affected by the spring, the vibration block 22 slides into the deep part of the serrated groove 18, so that the vibration block 22 collides with the vibration rod 2, realizing the vibration effect of the vibration rod 2 and the fertilizer application pipe 14, simulating the soil vibration caused by the activities of animals in the natural environment, stimulating the movement or approach of earthworms. The movement of earthworms promotes the turning effect on the soil, improves the soil structure, and enhances the planting effect of peach trees. Moreover, vibrating the soil before fertilization, combined with the turning effect of earthworms, enables the fertilizers to spread more smoothly in the soil during the fertilization process, avoiding the situation that the roots do not contact the fertilizers for a long time after fertilization, thus improving the fertilization effect. The fertilizers applied are selected as manure or organic fertilizers to avoid damaging organisms such as earthworms by fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers and affecting the biological community in the soil. Furthermore, after the skateboard 21 drives the vibration block 22 over the serrated groove 18, the vibration block 22 is reset by being squeezed by the inner wall of the fertilizer application pipe 14; when the fertilizer application amount reaches the preset amount, the vibration block 22 contacts the inclined surface of the sealing block 23. In this way or by installing a pressure sensor on the sealing block 23, the auxiliary pipeline 11 is controlled to stop pumping fertilizer into the shallow layer area 16, achieving the purpose of quantitative fertilization, improving the accuracy of the fertilizer application amount, and enhancing the fertilization effect; since the vibration block 22 is squeezed by side contact, the vibration block 22 decompresses the inclined surface of the sealing block 23 in a fixed state, the sealing block 23 is squeezed to generate lateral sliding, the damper between the sealing block 23 and the fertilizer application pipe 14 is squeezed, and the sealing block 23 drives the sealing piece 24 to slide away from the fertilizer application hole 17; when the fertilizer application hole 17 is opened, the fertilizer in the shallow layer area 16 is released, the spring on the skateboard 21 drives the skateboard 21 to slide down to squeeze the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is squeezed out from the fertilizer application hole 17. While accelerating the fertilizer flow rate, the fertilizer flow power is increased, so that the fertilizer flow range in the soil is increased, thereby increasing the fertilization area, improving the contact effect between the fertilizer and the roots, and further enhancing the fertilization effect; when the skateboard 21 contacts the bottom of the fertilizer application pipe 14, the fertilizer in the fertilizer application pipe 14 is exhausted, and the sealing block 23 is affected by the damper and drives the sealing piece 24 to slowly slide back to its original position until the sealing piece 24 blocks the fertilizer application hole 17 again; moreover, the working mode of the deep layer area 15 is the same as described above; because the length of the vibration rod 2 in the soil is greater than the length in the fertilizer application pipe 14, the vibration range of the vibration rod 2 generated by being collided is increased, which further promotes the soil turning effect, improves the soil structure, and enhances the peach tree planting effect; Moreover, since the applied fertilizer is organic fertilizer such as manure, the organic fertilizer can raise earthworms and release pheromones for food to the earthworms, while vibration also releases pheromones for movement to the earthworms. Through the combined action of various pheromones, it helps to attract earthworms to live around the saplings. The feces and corpses of earthworms can provide continuous nutrients for the saplings, improve the soil, and provide sufficient nutrients for the saplings, thereby enhancing the fertilization effect; When watering the saplings is needed, the auxiliary pipeline 11 closes the channel for delivering water to the fertilizer application pipe 14, and the main pipeline 1 delivers water to the auxiliary pipeline 11. The water sprays on the crown of the saplings through the nozzle 12. While supplementing water, the water drips into the surface soil after spraying, increasing the humidity of the surface soil, supplementing the water evaporated from the surface soil, and avoiding the situation that the concentration of the surface soil becomes too high due to excessive evaporation of water after fertilization. Thus, the watering method is used to maintain the fertilizer concentration and enhance the fertilization effect; moreover, by spraying water, the erosion of the surface soil by water is reduced, and the loss of fertilizer or soil is avoided, thereby improving the planting effect.

[0022] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach gardens, characterized in that: The fertilization method includes the following steps: S1: After the yellow peach trees are planted, an irrigation system is laid in the yellow peach forest; after the yellow peach saplings sprout, 20g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each tree, and then applied again after one month. Before each fertilization, workers test the nutrients of the surrounding soil and determine the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the test results; S2: After the yellow peach saplings sprout, they need to be watered once a week for 3-4 weeks in a continuous manner. In the yellow peach sapling stage, base fertilizer is needed in autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, with a dosage of 150-225kg / hm 2 At the same time, apply organic calcium fertilizer 10kg / hm 2 , urea 1.5kg / hm 2 ; S3: Start topdressing one week before the yellow peach tree shoots out, use quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, apply once every 10-15 days, and continue for 2-3 cycles; after the yellow peach tree shoots out, focus on controlling the shoots, and use phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizers during this period; S4: Apply compound fertilizer once during the yellow peach fruit expansion period, with a dosage of 450-600kg / hm 2 After mid-July, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation, and add phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizers until it sets fruit.

2. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before planting trees in S1, dig a planting ditch with a depth and width of 1m, lay 10cm thick crop straw at the bottom of the ditch, and cover it with 15-20cm thick cow dung organic fertilizer. Then, mix 200kg of organic fertilizer, 40kg of biological organic fertilizer, and 60kg of superphosphate with soil per mu and backfill. When the backfill reaches 20cm above the ground, irrigate with water to irrigate and compact it for planting.

3. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1, before the peach trees sprouted, randomly dug 20cm around the fruit trees. 3 The soil was tested for biomass and earthworm count, which were used as reference values ​​for fertilizer application. 2 kg of bio-organic fertilizer was applied to each plant using the irrigation system, and then quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were quantitatively applied according to the reference values.

4. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, 50kg of decomposed peanut bran water and 0.25kg of compound potassium fertilizer were applied to each plant. For yellow peach trees with stronger tree vigor, the application amount was halved. Then compound fertilizer was applied 2 weeks before fruit picking, and 0.25kg of urea could be applied to each plant. As the amount of fruiting increased, 3-5kg of biological organic fertilizer and 40-80kg of farmyard manure were applied to each plant.

5. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1, before laying the crop straw in the planting trench, first, 50 kg of cement is added to 1 cubic meter of soil to form a mixed soil, and then the mixed soil is evenly spread at the bottom of the planting trench. The laying depth of the mixed soil is 20-30 cm; then, the amount of watering is determined according to the weather and soil moisture conditions, and the crop straw is laid after the mixed soil is left to stand until it becomes compacted.

6. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S1, if the soil is sandy soil or the soil calcium content is less than 0.5 mg / kg, the weight of cement added is 50-70 kg; if the soil is clay soil or the soil calcium content is greater than 0.5 mg / kg, the weight of cement added is 20-30 kg.

7. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S1, the cement soil is mixed during a winter night. The mixed cement soil is placed in a cube shape at the bottom of the planting ditch. The mixed cement soil is solidified on a winter night and then laid. After the temperature around the cement soil rises, honeycomb-shaped pores are formed inside the cement soil.

8. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, calcium fertilizer was sprayed on the leaves through the irrigation system during the growing period of peach trees. The spraying method was: 4-5 weeks after flowering, 2-3 times, 0.1% Bordeaux mixture; During the young fruit stage of yellow peach, spray 2-3 times with 0.3% calcium nitrate; one month before harvesting, spray 2-3 times with 0.3% calcium nitrate on the calyx depression of the fruit.

9. The intelligent fertilization method for yellow peach garden according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S1, the soil boron content is less than 0.5 mg / kg, and boric acid fertilizer is applied on the surface of cement soil with a total application amount of 0.5 kg / hm 2 , convert the dosage per plant or per row according to the plant spacing.

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