Rosa chinensis semi-parasitic auxiliary branch soilless culture technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese rose semi-parasitism auxiliary branch soilless culture method, a Chinese rose variety never speaking out of work is selected as a stock and an auxiliary branch, nutrition is provided for scion seedlings through photosynthesis of the auxiliary branch, and the method is technically characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a semi-lignified flowering branch stem section of the Chinese rose variety never speaking out of work as the stock, and selecting a semi-lignified flowering branch stem section of the Chinese rose variety never speaking out of work; selecting a semi-lignified flowering branch stem section as a scion; (2) grafting by adopting bud grafting and sleeve grafting; (3) using a stingless branch growing on a stock pile head as an auxiliary branch to provide photosynthetic nutrition for the production of the cut flowering branch; and (4) mechanically pruning the auxiliary branches to form a rectangular leaf curtain with higher photosynthetic efficiency. By the adoption of the excellent rootstock and the cultivation method, the affinity of rootstocks and scions is high, the grafting survival rate reaches up to 95%, stingless branches of the rootstocks serve as auxiliary branches, the manual operation difficulty and the management cost are reduced, and the area proportion of leaves with negative net photosynthesis is reduced through the rectangular leaf curtains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rose grafting, and particularly relates to a soilless cultivation technique for semi-parasitic auxiliary branches of roses. Background Technique

[0002] Rosa hybrida belongs to the genus Rosa of the Rosaceae family, and has extremely high ornamental value and cultural implications. It is widely used in cut flowers, potted flowers, landscaping, food, and daily chemicals. Roses are traditional famous flowers in China, and 82 counties and cities across the country take roses as their city flowers. Rose cut flowers are the top of the world's four major cut flowers, and their output and sales account for more than 1 / 3 of all cut flowers, ranking first.

[0003] The main propagation methods of cut roses in production mainly include cuttage propagation and grafting propagation. Cuttage propagation involves cutting current-year semi-lignified branches, treating the cuttings with a rooting agent, and under certain humidity retention and shading conditions, enabling them to produce root buds and develop into new individuals; cuttage propagation can ensure that the genetic traits such as flower color and flower type of the new seedlings are consistent with those of the mother plant. Grafting propagation is widely used to improve varieties or increase survival rates. Compared with the cuttage method, grafted roses grow more rapidly in the early stage. Depending on the traits of the rootstock with strong resistance and strong rooting ability, higher-quality flower branches can be obtained.

[0004] The following three problems often occur in the production of rose grafted seedlings: (1) Poor affinity between the rootstock and scion, low survival rate; (2) Most rose cut flower varieties on the market have thorns, and using thorny branches as auxiliary branches increases the difficulty of worker management and increases labor costs; (3) The photosynthetic efficiency of the auxiliary branch foliage curtain is low, and the proportion of the foliage curtain with negative net photosynthesis is large, increasing the use costs of water, fertilizer, and pesticides. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an optimized soilless cultivation technique for roses, that is, using the rose variety 'Never Say Die' with strong affinity between the rootstock and scion, no thorns, and high photosynthetic efficiency as the rootstock, and using the branches of the rootstock as auxiliary branches to provide photosynthetic nutrients for the cut flower branches and improve production efficiency.

[0006] The present invention mainly includes the following technical solutions:

[0007] A soilless cultivation method for semi-parasitic auxiliary branches of roses, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Rootstock selection: Using the high-quality rose variety 'Never Say Die' with thornless stems and leaves, soft stems, and not easily breakable as the rootstock material;

[0009] (2) Producing semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by bud grafting: Cut the semi-lignified flower branches of the rose variety 'Never Say Die' into stem segments of 10-15 cm, which consist of three parts. The base is a node with axillary buds removed for cutting and rooting. The middle part is 2-3 internodes with axillary buds removed for combining with the scion. The top is a node containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf for producing auxiliary branches. Take a single axillary bud and its mother petiole of the semi-lignified flowering branch of the rose as the scion. Embed the prepared scion onto the shield-shaped incision of the rootstock, with the bud point of the scion opposite to the direction of the rootstock leaf on the branch, and fix the scion and the rootstock.

[0010] Or producing semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by sleeve grafting: Cut the semi-lignified flower branches of the rose variety 'Never Say Die' into stem segments of 10-12 cm, which consist of three parts. The base is a node with axillary buds removed for cutting and rooting. The middle part is a node containing an axillary bud and its mother petiole for producing auxiliary branches. The top is an internode for sleeve grafting. Cut the semi-lignified flower branches of cut roses into stem segments of 10-12 cm, which consist of three parts. The base is an internode for combining with the rootstock. The middle part is a node containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf for producing cut flower branches. The top is an internode. Align and fix the oblique cut surfaces of the scion and the rootstock, with the growth directions of the axillary buds of the scion and the rootstock opposite.

[0011] (3) Cultivating permanent auxiliary branches: Cultivate the new buds germinated from the rootstock into main auxiliary branches. When the main auxiliary branches grow to 40-50 cm, bend the branches. Select thick and healthy buds from the new buds germinated from the bending point of the bent branches to cultivate into secondary auxiliary branches.

[0012] (4) Constructing a rectangular leaf curtain: Prune the auxiliary leaf curtain of the rootstock by mechanical means. The upper plane of the auxiliary leaf curtain is perpendicular to the main stem of the flower branch, and the cross-section of the leaf curtain is rectangular.

[0013] (5) Cultivating cut flower branches: Select the thick branches growing on the scion as cut flower mother branches for cultivation, and timely remove the bamboo shoots and weak branches germinated from the underground stem. Further, divide the axillary buds germinated from the base of the scion flower branch mother stump into three grades. The taper ≥ 0.25 is grade A bud, 0.20 ≤ taper < 0.25 is grade B bud, and taper < 0.20 is grade C bud. Select grade A buds and some grade B buds with strong growth potential as flower branches for cultivation, and timely remove weak branches.

[0014] The semi-parasitic auxiliary branch described in the present invention refers to selecting the rose variety 'Never Say Die' with thornless stems and leaves as the rootstock and the auxiliary branch, and providing nutrients for the scion seedlings through the photosynthesis of the auxiliary branch.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0016] (1) The rootstock used in the present invention is the self - cultivated variety 'Never Say Die' (breeding code: 10 - 0233) by China Agricultural University. It has strong rootstock - scion compatibility, and the grafting survival rate is as high as 95%.

[0017] (2) The traditional grafting "ABB model" (rootstock root + scion leaf + scion flower) is improved to the "AAB" model (rootstock root + rootstock leaf + scion flower). The thornless branches of the rootstock are retained as auxiliary branches, reducing the difficulty of manual operation, and the artificial management cost of the auxiliary branches is reduced by 2 / 3.

[0018] (3) The present invention improves the traditional drooping triangular leaf canopy type to a rectangular leaf canopy, reducing the proportion of the area of leaves with negative net photosynthesis, reducing the cost of pesticide control for the leaf canopy, and reducing the pesticide dosage by 30%.

[0019] (4) Mechanical methods are used to maintain and prune the leaf canopy, improving work efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 Flower, branch and leaf diagrams of the excellent rootstock variety 'Never Say Die'.

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of two grafting methods.

[0022] Figure 3 Comparison between the rectangular leaf canopy and the traditional triangular leaf canopy. Rectangular leaf canopy: The cross - section is rectangular, 30 - 35 cm from the ground. The upper plane of the leaf canopy is flush with the height of the cultivation trough and the included angle with the cultivation trough is 90 degrees. The upper end of the leaf canopy is 10 - 15 cm away from the cut - flower mother branch; Drooping triangular leaf canopy: The cross - section is triangular, 0 - 5 cm from the ground. The upper end of the leaf canopy is lower than the plane of the cultivation trough and the included angle with the cultivation trough is 30 - 40 degrees. The upper end of the leaf canopy is 20 - 25 cm away from the cut - flower mother branch.

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of three bud forms divided according to the taper in the management of cut - flower branches. Detailed Embodiments

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments:

[0025] Embodiment 1

[0026] A cultivation method for semi - parasitic auxiliary branches of roses mainly includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Rootstock selection: Select the flowering branches that are vigorous and free of pests and diseases on the 'Never Say Die' plants as the rootstock materials. The branches should have complete bud eyes. Prune off the tender parts at the top of the flowering branches and retain the semi - lignified middle branches to ensure that the rootstock can quickly take root and survive after grafting and cutting.

[0028] (2) Scion selection: Select flowering branches with strong growth and no pests and diseases of cut rose varieties such as 'Naomi', 'Perfume Beauty', 'Highland Red', and 'Ode to Joy' as scion materials. The branches should have complete bud eyes and be semi-lignified to fully lignified to ensure better survival rate and healing ability of the scions after grafting.

[0029] (3) Produce semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by bud grafting method. Preparation method of rootstock: Cut the semi-lignified flower branches of rose variety 'Never Say Die' into stem segments of 10 - 15 cm, which include three parts. The base is a node with axillary buds removed for cutting and rooting; the middle part is 2 - 3 internodes with axillary buds removed for combining with the scion; the top is a node containing axillary buds and its mother leaves for producing auxiliary branches. Preparation method of scion: Remove the single axillary bud and its mother petiole (remove the leaves and keep the petiole) of the semi-lignified flowering branches of 'Naomi', 'Perfume Beauty', 'Highland Red', and 'Ode to Joy' respectively as scions; during the grafting process, the cut of the scion should match the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, and at the same time ensure that the bud point of the scion and the position of the rootstock leaf on the branch are opposite, about 180 degrees. Embed the prepared scion on the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, and then tie and fix the branches from bottom to top with transparent polyethylene film tape (see Figure 2 A).

[0030] (4) Produce semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by sleeve grafting method. Preparation method of rootstock: Cut the semi-lignified flower branches of rose variety 'Never Say Die' into stem segments of 10 cm, which include three parts. The base is a node with axillary buds removed for cutting and rooting; the middle part is a node containing axillary buds and its mother petiole for producing auxiliary branches; the top is an internode for sleeve grafting. Preparation method of scion: Cut the semi-lignified flower branches of 'Naomi', 'Perfume Beauty', 'Highland Red', and 'Ode to Joy' into stem segments of 10 cm respectively, which include three parts. The base is an internode for combining with the rootstock; the middle part is a node containing axillary buds and its mother leaves for producing cut flower branches; the top is an internode. During the grafting process, closely align the inclined cut surfaces of the scion and the rootstock stems, and at the same time require the growth directions of the axillary buds of the scion and the rootstock to be opposite, about 180 degrees, and then use a semi-transparent polyethylene rigid sleeve to protectively fix the scion and the rootstock (see Figure 2 B).

[0031] (5) Seedling management: Dip the cuttings that have completed grafting treatment in an appropriate amount of rooting powder and insert them into a seedling-raising plug tray filled with soilless substrate (containing three components: coconut coir, perlite, and ceramsite). After the seedlings take root and survive, transplant them into a soilless cultivation substrate trough for planting, with a row spacing of 10 cm and a plant spacing of 15 - 20 cm. When the new shoots on the plants reach 20 cm, pinch the tips, and continue to pinch the tips when the subsequent shoots reach 15 cm to shorten the internodes and promote the germination of new shoots; Select the thicker branches growing on the main trunk as cut flower mother branches for cultivation, and promptly remove the suckers and weak branches.

[0032] (6) Cultivation of permanent auxiliary branches: Retain two germinated bud points on the rootstock and cultivate thick and healthy main auxiliary branches. After the bud points germinate and grow upright to 40 - 50 cm and the base of the branch is not easily broken when bent, perform branch pressing. When pressing the branch, first bend the branch so that it is perpendicular to the flower branch, and maintain the bending curvature until the wound of the callus at the bending part heals, so that the branches around the bending point thicken and take shape; Then, select a thick and healthy bud from the new shoots germinated from the bending point and continue to cultivate it to form a secondary auxiliary branch.

[0033] (7) Construction and maintenance of the leaf canopy: Keep the leaf canopy of the auxiliary branches at 40 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 40 cm in height through mechanized light pruning. The upper plane of the leaf canopy of the auxiliary branches is flush with the height of the cultivation trough and forms a 90-degree angle with the cultivation trough. The cross-section of the leaf canopy is rectangular (see Figure 3 ); The types and components of pesticides applied to the auxiliary branches are the same as those for the cut flower branches. Pesticides should be applied according to the types of prevalent pests and diseases in the greenhouse, mainly gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, spider mites, thrips, etc.; When applying pesticides, ensure that the leaves on the surface and inside of the auxiliary branches are fully in contact with the pesticides.

[0034] (8) Cultivation and maintenance method of long-lived cut flower mother branches: Select the thick branches growing on the scion as cut flower mother branches for cultivation, and promptly remove the "shoot branches" and weak branches germinated from the underground stem;

[0035] (9) Production management method of cut flower branches based on bud morphology: Divide the axillary buds germinated from the base of the flower branch mother stump into 3 grades. Grade A buds: Taper ≥ 0.25, Grade B buds: 0.20 ≤ Taper < 0.25, Grade C buds: Taper < 0.20 (see Figure 4 ). Select Grade A buds and some Grade B buds with strong growth potential as flower branches for cultivation, and promptly remove the weak branches (some Grade B buds with weak growth potential and all Grade C buds).

Claims

1. A method for soilless cultivation of semi-parasitic auxiliary branches of rose, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Rootstock selection: Select the rose variety 'Never Say Die' with thornless stems and leaves as the rootstock; (2) Producing semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by bud grafting: Cut the semi-lignified flower branches of the rose variety 'Never Say Die' into 10-15 cm stem segments, which consist of three parts: a node with axillary buds removed at the base for rooting, 2-3 internodes with axillary buds removed in the middle for combining with the scion, and a node with axillary buds and their mother leaves at the top for producing auxiliary branches; take a single axillary bud and its mother petiole of a semi-lignified rose flowering branch as the scion; embed the prepared scion into the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, with the bud point of the scion facing the direction of the rootstock leaf on the branch, and fix the scion and the rootstock; Or produce semi-parasitic grafted seedlings through the sleeve grafting method: cut the semi-lignified flower branches of the rose variety 'Never Say Die' into 10-12 cm stem segments, including 3 parts, the base is a node with axillary buds removed for cutting rooting, the middle is a node with axillary buds and their mother petioles, used to produce auxiliary branches, and the top is an internode for sleeve grafting; cut the semi-lignified flower branches of the cut rose into 10-12 cm stem segments, including 3 parts, the base is the internode, combined with the rootstock, the middle is a node with axillary buds and their mother leaves, used to produce cut branches, and the top is the internode; the oblique cross-section of the stem of the scion and the rootstock is aligned and fixed, and the growth direction of the axillary buds of the scion and the axillary buds of the rootstock are opposite; (3) Cultivation of permanent auxiliary branches: The new buds sprouting from the rootstock are cultivated into primary and auxiliary branches. When the primary and auxiliary branches grow to 40-50 cm, they are pressed down. From the new buds sprouting from the bending point of the pressed branches, strong and healthy buds are selected to be cultivated into secondary auxiliary branches. (4) Rectangular curtain construction: The auxiliary branches and leaves of the rootstock are pruned mechanically. The upper plane of the auxiliary branches and leaves is perpendicular to the main stem of the flower branch, and the cross-section of the leaf curtain is rectangular.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that Select the thick branches growing on the scion as the mother branches for cut flowers, and promptly remove the bamboo shoots and weak branches sprouting from the underground stems.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The axillary buds sprouting from the base of the scion flower branch mother stake are divided into three grades: A-grade buds have a taper ≥ 0.25, B-grade buds have a taper of 0.20≤<0.25, and C-grade buds have a taper of <0.

20. A-grade buds and some B-grade buds with strong growth potential are selected as flower branches for cultivation, and weak branches are removed in time.

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