A net shed seedling raising matrix and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of agricultural seedling cultivation, and discloses a net shed seedling cultivation matrix, a preparation method and application thereof. The net shed seedling cultivation matrix comprises: a modified peat-attapulgite composite material, perlite, a water-absorbing gel, a composite bacterial agent, and a fertilizer component; the modified peat-attapulgite composite material is prepared by acid-leaching peat and attapulgite in a hydrochloric acid solution; the water-absorbing gel is prepared by forming a double-layer network structure with amino diatomaceous earth, an amino water-absorbing polymer, sodium alginate, an initiator, a cross-linking agent, an accelerator, calcium-based bentonite, and a calcium chloride solution, wherein the amino diatomaceous earth is modified with dopamine, and the amino water-absorbing polymer is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method using polyvinyl alcohol and agar as polymerization monomers and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. According to the present invention, the water-absorbing gel and the modified peat-attapulgite composite material are added to the seedling cultivation matrix, so that the electrical conductivity can be reduced, the maximum water holding capacity can be increased, and the plant stems grown can be thick and the seedlings can be strong.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a net shed seedling cultivation matrix and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Seedling cultivation refers to creating a suitable environment for seedling growth based on the characteristics of seed germination and seedling growth at each stage and the environmental requirements, in order to achieve the goal of increasing seedling survival rate, strengthening seedlings, reducing costs and increasing production. Successful seedling cultivation can achieve the effect of strong seedlings and half the harvest. Therefore, seedling cultivation is an important means to achieve early maturity, high yield and high quality production of vegetables, and plays a vital role in vegetable cultivation. The use of living active peat substrate products for factory-based seedling cultivation of rice and greenhouse vegetable production meets the needs of high-yield and high-efficiency agriculture and the local government's demand for sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Compared with conventional soil seedling cultivation, matrix seedling cultivation has the advantages of simple usage, saving seeds, labor, time, land and easy management. Seedlings and vines grown on matrix products with excellent properties generally have the characteristics of uniform emergence, developed root system, good growth, short seedling acclimatization period or no seedling acclimatization period. Traditional seedling matrix is generally made of humus and local relatively loose straw. It is not standardized and the preparation is very arbitrary, resulting in uneven seedling quality and poor operability. The matrix with waste as raw material is the focus of current market development and scientific research. The existing matrix with waste as raw material generally has problems such as high electrical conductivity and poor water retention. After planting in spring drought areas with water shortage, the seedling pile is prone to water loss and needs to be replenished with water in time to avoid poor seedling conditions in the later stage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies mentioned in the above background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a net shed seedling matrix and its preparation method and application. Adding water-absorbing gel and modified peat-attapulgite composite material to the net shed seedling matrix can reduce the electrical conductivity, increase the maximum water holding capacity, and cultivate plants with thick stems and strong seedlings.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A net shed seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of a modified peat-attapulgite composite material, 20-30 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of a water-absorbing gel, 5-10 parts of a composite bacterial agent, and 10-20 parts of a fertilizer component;

[0007] The modified peat-attapulgite composite material is prepared by acid-leaching peat and attapulgite with a hydrochloric acid solution; the water-absorbing gel is prepared by forming a double-layer network structure using amino-diatomite, amino-water-absorbing polymer, sodium alginate, an initiator, a cross-linking agent, an accelerator, calcium-based bentonite, and a calcium chloride solution, wherein the amino-diatomite is modified with dopamine, and the amino-water-absorbing polymer is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method using polyvinyl alcohol and agar as polymerization monomers and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent;

[0008] The preparation method of the water-absorbing gel comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Taking diatomaceous earth and placing it in a crucible, placing it in a muffle furnace and calcining it at a constant temperature of 350-400°C for 4-5 hours, taking it out and placing it in a container filled with hydrochloric acid solution and stirring it for 1-2 hours, then placing it in a 70-90°C water bath and continuing to stir it for 0.5-1 hour, and finally filtering, washing, and drying it to prepare pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0010] (2) Add 3-6 g / L dopamine hydrochloride solution to the pretreated diatomaceous earth, stir for 3-4 h under vacuum conditions, and then filter, wash, and dry to prepare amino-treated diatomaceous earth;

[0011] (3) Mix the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the agar aqueous solution evenly, add polyvinyl pyrrolidone and stir to mix, use hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 2-4, then add glutaraldehyde and mix to obtain a mixed solution, dissolve Span 80 in liquid paraffin, add the obtained mixed solution and stir for 25-40 minutes, then place at 50-70°C and stir to react for 4-6 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing polymer;

[0012] (4) A water-absorbing polymer, toluene, and triethylamine were placed in a reactor, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was refluxed at 100-115°C for 4-6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to prepare an amino-containing water-absorbing polymer.

[0013] (5) Aminated diatomaceous earth and amino water-absorbing polymer were ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water, calcium bentonite was added and ultrasonic dispersion was continued, and then sodium alginate, sodium persulfate, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and tetramethylethylenediamine were added and stirred to obtain component one, and component one was added dropwise to calcium chloride solution in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the addition was completed, the mixture was allowed to stand for 8 to 12 hours, and finally washed and dried to prepare a water-absorbing gel.

[0014] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent is formed by mixing Bacillus velezensis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in a mass ratio of 1:1:1~3:1~2; the fertilizer component is formed by mixing urea, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfur three-in-one fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified peat-attapulgite composite material comprises the following steps: drying the peat and attapulgite to constant weight, grinding and crushing, adding 1-5 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution to the peat and stirring thoroughly for 25-40 minutes, then adding attapulgite and continuing to stir for 20-30 minutes, and finally centrifuging, washing, and drying to prepare the modified peat-attapulgite composite material.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 5-10%, and the mass concentration of the agar aqueous solution is 8-12%.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the addition ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, the agar aqueous solution, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone, the glutaraldehyde, the Span 80 and the liquid paraffin is 4-6 mL: 4-5 mL: 0.4-0.7 g: 0.2-0.3 mL: 0.5-0.7 mL: 25-30 mL.

[0018] Preferably, the mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution in step (5) is 0.5-2%.

[0019] Preferably, in step (5), the mass ratio of the amino diatomaceous earth, the amino water-absorbing polymer, the calcium bentonite, the sodium alginate, the sodium persulfate, the N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and the tetramethylethylenediamine is 0.1-0.25: 0.05-0.1: 0.15-0.25: 2-3: 0.2-0.5: 0.3-0.5: 0.35-0.5.

[0020] The preparation method of the net shed seedling matrix as described above includes the following steps: mixing parts by weight of modified peat-attapulgite composite material and perlite, adding the mixture into a mixer and crushing the mixture into particles; the particle size after screening is 0.1-1 mm; adding the sieved particles into a stirring tank; and then adding parts by weight of water-absorbing gel, composite bacterial agent and fertilizer component and stirring and mixing them evenly to prepare the net shed seedling matrix.

[0021] The application of the net shed seedling raising matrix as described above in potato seedling raising.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The present invention utilizes

[0024] The present invention uses hydrochloric acid solution to acid-soak peat and attapulgite for modification treatment, which can activate the active groups of peat and enhance its adsorption properties. The surface of attapulgite becomes loose, the porosity increases, and the adsorption performance is significantly enhanced. After the peat and attapulgite are acid-soaked and compounded, the surface structure of the peat becomes loose, and fine particles are scattered on the surface, making its surface more uneven, which is conducive to increasing the exposure of active sites for adsorption. In addition, the present invention uses dopamine to modify the surface of pretreated diatomaceous earth by amino modification. At the same time, the present invention uses polyvinyl alcohol and agar as polymerization monomers and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent, and adopts emulsion polymerization to prepare a water-absorbing polymer. The polymer microspheres formed by the combination of polyvinyl alcohol and agar have the characteristics of low density, high specific surface area and porosity. Then 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is grafted to prepare an amino-absorbent polymer, which further improves the adsorption performance of the water-absorbing polymer. Then, the present invention combines the amino-diatomaceous earth and the amino-absorbent polymer with sodium alginate to form a water-absorbing polymer. The present invention comprises a copolymer, sodium persulfate as an initiator, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent, and tetramethylethylenediamine as an accelerator. Calcium bentonite, which has the characteristics of high ion exchange capacity and large surface area, interacts with the copolymer to form a network structure. Calcium ions then cross-link sodium alginate to form calcium alginate, forming a second-layer network structure. Furthermore, the sodium alginate can serve as a carrier for fixing the calcium bentonite. The resulting calcium alginate-intercalated calcium bentonite facilitates the dispersion of the calcium bentonite. The resulting water-absorbing gel has excellent water absorption and water retention properties. The present invention adds the water-absorbing gel and modified peat-attapulgite composite material to a net shed seedling culture medium, which can reduce electrical conductivity, increase maximum water holding capacity, and cultivate plants with thicker stems and stronger seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1 A method for preparing a modified peat-attapulgite composite material comprises the following steps:

[0027] Peat and attapulgite were placed in an oven at 50°C and dried to constant weight, and then ground into powder. 5 g of peat was added into 300 mL of 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution and stirred thoroughly for 30 min. Then 1 g of attapulgite was added and stirred for another 30 min. Finally, the modified peat-attapulgite composite material was prepared by centrifugation, washing, and drying.

[0028] Example 2 A method for preparing a water-absorbing gel comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) 10 g of diatomaceous earth was placed in a crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 400 ° C for 4 h, taken out and placed in 4 wt% hydrochloric acid and stirred for 1 h, then placed in an 80 ° C water bath and continued to stir for 1 h, and finally filtered, washed and dried to prepare pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0030] (2) 10 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 200 mL of 5 g / L dopamine hydrochloride solution, stirred under vacuum for 4 h, and then filtered, washed, and dried to prepare amino diatomaceous earth;

[0031] (3) Take 5 mL of 10% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and 5 mL of 12% agar aqueous solution and mix them evenly, add 0.5 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and stir to mix, use hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 3, then add 0.2 mL of glutaraldehyde and mix to obtain a mixed solution, take 0.6 mL of Span 80 and dissolve it in 30 mL of liquid paraffin, add the obtained mixed solution and stir for 30 minutes, then place it at 65 ° C and stir to react for 5 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing polymer;

[0032] (4) 5 g of water-absorbing polymer, 100 mL of toluene and 2 mL of triethylamine were placed in a reactor, 5 mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was refluxed at 105 °C for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to prepare an amino-modified water-absorbing polymer;

[0033] (5) Take 0.2g of amino diatomaceous earth and 0.1g of amino water-absorbing polymer and ultrasonically disperse them in 50mL of deionized water, add 0.15g of calcium-based bentonite and continue to ultrasonically disperse them evenly, then add 2g of sodium alginate, 0.25g of sodium persulfate, 0.34g of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.41g of tetramethylethylenediamine and stir to obtain component one, and add component one dropwise to 300mL of calcium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 1% in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the addition is completed, let it stand for 10h, and finally wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing gel.

[0034] Example 3 A method for preparing a water-absorbing gel comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) 10 g of diatomaceous earth was placed in a crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 400 ° C for 4 h, taken out and placed in 4 wt% hydrochloric acid and stirred for 1 h, then placed in an 80 ° C water bath and continued to stir for 1 h, and finally filtered, washed and dried to prepare pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0036] (2) 10 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 200 mL of 5 g / L dopamine hydrochloride solution, stirred under vacuum for 4 h, and then filtered, washed, and dried to prepare amino diatomaceous earth;

[0037] (3) Take 6 mL of 7% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and 4 mL of 10% agar aqueous solution and mix them evenly, add 0.6 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and stir to mix, use hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 3, then add 0.3 mL of glutaraldehyde and mix to obtain a mixed solution, take 0.6 mL of Span 80 and dissolve it in 30 mL of liquid paraffin, add the obtained mixed solution and stir for 30 minutes, then place it at 65 ° C and stir to react for 5 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing polymer;

[0038] (4) 5 g of water-absorbing polymer, 100 mL of toluene and 2 mL of triethylamine were placed in a reactor, 6 mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was refluxed at 110 °C for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to prepare an amino-modified water-absorbing polymer.

[0039] (5) Take 0.15g of amino diatomaceous earth and 0.05g of amino water-absorbing polymer and ultrasonically disperse them in 30mL of deionized water, add 0.17g of calcium-based bentonite and continue to ultrasonically disperse them evenly, then add 2g of sodium alginate, 0.33g of sodium persulfate, 0.3g of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.35g of tetramethylethylenediamine and stir to obtain component one, and add component one dropwise to 300mL of calcium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.5% in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the addition is completed, let it stand for 10h, and finally wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing gel.

[0040] Example 4 A method for preparing a water-absorbing gel comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) 10 g of diatomaceous earth was placed in a crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 400 ° C for 4 h, taken out and placed in 4 wt% hydrochloric acid and stirred for 1 h, then placed in an 80 ° C water bath and continued to stir for 1 h, and finally filtered, washed and dried to prepare pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0042] (2) 10 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 200 mL of 5 g / L dopamine hydrochloride solution, stirred under vacuum for 4 h, and then filtered, washed, and dried to prepare amino diatomaceous earth;

[0043] (3) Take 5 mL of 10% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and 5 mL of 12% agar aqueous solution and mix them evenly, add 0.7 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and stir to mix, use hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 4, then add 0.25 mL of glutaraldehyde and mix to obtain a mixed solution, take 0.6 mL of Span 80 and dissolve it in 30 mL of liquid paraffin, add the obtained mixed solution and stir for 30 minutes, then place it at 70 ° C and stir to react for 4 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing polymer;

[0044] (4) 5 g of water-absorbing polymer, 100 mL of toluene and 2 mL of triethylamine were placed in a reactor, 5 mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was refluxed at 105 °C for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to prepare an amino-modified water-absorbing polymer;

[0045] (5) Take 0.25g of amino diatomaceous earth and 0.1g of amino water-absorbing polymer and ultrasonically disperse them in 50mL of deionized water, add 0.25g of calcium-based bentonite and continue to ultrasonically disperse them evenly, then add 3g of sodium alginate, 0.47g of sodium persulfate, 0.44g of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.5g of tetramethylethylenediamine and stir to obtain component one, and add component one dropwise to 300mL of calcium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 2% in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the addition is completed, let it stand for 12h, and finally wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing gel.

[0046] Example 5 A net shed seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0047] 55 parts of the modified peat-attapulgite composite material prepared in Example 1, 21 parts of perlite, 7 parts of the water-absorbing gel prepared in Example 2, 5 parts of the composite bacterial agent, and 10 parts of the fertilizer component, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus velezii, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in a mass ratio of 1:1:3:2, and the fertilizer component is composed of urea, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfur three-in-one fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0048] The preparation method of the above-mentioned net shed seedling matrix includes the following steps: mixing parts by weight of modified peat-attapulgite composite material and perlite, adding the mixture into a mixer and crushing them into particles, adding the sieved particles into a stirring tank, and then adding parts by weight of water-absorbing gel, composite bacterial agent and fertilizer components and stirring and mixing them evenly to prepare the net shed seedling matrix.

[0049] Example 6 A net shed seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0050] 60 parts of the modified peat-attapulgite composite material prepared in Example 1, 25 parts of perlite, 10 parts of the water-absorbing gel prepared in Example 2, 7 parts of the composite bacterial agent, and 14 parts of the fertilizer component, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus velezensis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in a mass ratio of 1:1:3:2, and the fertilizer component is composed of urea, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfur three-in-one fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0051] The preparation method of the above-mentioned net shed seedling raising matrix is the same as that in Example 5.

[0052] Example 7 A net shed seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0053] 66 parts of the modified peat-attapulgite composite material prepared in Example 1, 30 parts of perlite, 15 parts of the water-absorbing gel prepared in Example 2, 10 parts of the composite bacterial agent, and 18 parts of the fertilizer component, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus velezii, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in a mass ratio of 1:1:3:2, and the fertilizer component is composed of urea, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfur three-in-one fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0054] The preparation method of the above-mentioned net shed seedling raising matrix is the same as that in Example 5.

[0055] Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing a water-absorbing gel comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) 10 g of diatomaceous earth was placed in a crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 400 ° C for 4 h, taken out and placed in 4 wt% hydrochloric acid and stirred for 1 h, then placed in an 80 ° C water bath and continued to stir for 1 h, and finally filtered, washed and dried to prepare pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0057] (2) 10 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 200 mL of 5 g / L dopamine hydrochloride solution, stirred under vacuum for 4 h, and then filtered, washed, and dried to prepare amino diatomaceous earth;

[0058] (3) Take 0.2g of amino diatomaceous earth and ultrasonically disperse it in 50mL of deionized water, add 0.15g of calcium-based bentonite and continue to ultrasonically disperse it evenly, then add 2g of sodium alginate, 0.25g of sodium persulfate, 0.34g of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.41g of tetramethylethylenediamine and stir to obtain component one, and add component one dropwise to 300mL of calcium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 1% in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the addition is completed, let it stand for 10h, and finally wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing gel.

[0059] Comparative Example 2 A method for preparing a water-absorbing gel comprises the following steps:

[0060] (1) 10 g of diatomaceous earth was placed in a crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 400 ° C for 4 h, taken out and placed in 4 wt% hydrochloric acid and stirred for 1 h, then placed in an 80 ° C water bath and continued to stir for 1 h, and finally filtered, washed and dried to prepare pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0061] (2) 10 g of pretreated diatomaceous earth was added to 200 mL of 5 g / L dopamine hydrochloride solution, stirred under vacuum for 4 h, and then filtered, washed, and dried to prepare amino diatomaceous earth;

[0062] (3) Take 5 mL of 10% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and 5 mL of 12% agar aqueous solution and mix them evenly, add 0.5 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and stir to mix, use hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 3, then add 0.2 mL of glutaraldehyde and mix to obtain a mixed solution, take 0.6 mL of Span 80 and dissolve it in 30 mL of liquid paraffin, add the obtained mixed solution and stir for 30 minutes, then place it at 65 ° C and stir to react for 5 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing polymer;

[0063] (4) 5 g of water-absorbing polymer, 100 mL of toluene and 2 mL of triethylamine were placed in a reactor, 5 mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was refluxed at 105 °C for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to prepare an amino-modified water-absorbing polymer;

[0064] (5) Take 0.2g of amino diatomaceous earth and 0.1g of amino water-absorbing polymer and ultrasonically disperse them in 50mL of deionized water. Then add 2g of sodium alginate, 0.25g of sodium persulfate, 0.34g of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.41g of tetramethylethylenediamine and stir to obtain component one. In a nitrogen atmosphere, component one is added dropwise to 300mL of 1% calcium chloride solution. After the addition is completed, let it stand for 10h. Finally, it is washed and dried to prepare a water-absorbing gel.

[0065] Comparative Example 3 A net shed seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0066] 66 parts of the modified peat-attapulgite composite material prepared in Example 1, 30 parts of perlite, 8.5 parts of diatomaceous earth, 6.5 parts of calcium-based bentonite, 10 parts of a composite bacterial agent, and 18 parts of a fertilizer component, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus velezii, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in a mass ratio of 1:1:3:2, and the fertilizer component is composed of urea, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfur three-in-one fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0067] The preparation method of the above-mentioned net shed seedling raising matrix is the same as that in Example 5.

[0068] Comparative Example 4 A net shed seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0069] 55 parts of peat, 11 parts of attapulgite, 30 parts of perlite, 15 parts of the water-absorbing gel prepared in Example 2, 10 parts of the composite bacterial agent, and 18 parts of the fertilizer component, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus velezii, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in a mass ratio of 1:1:3:2, and the fertilizer component is composed of urea, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfur three-in-one fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0070] The preparation method of the above-mentioned net shed seedling raising matrix is the same as that in Example 5.

[0071] Performance testing

[0072] The performance of the water-absorbing gels prepared in Examples 2-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested:

[0073] (1) Water absorption capacity test: Weigh 1g of water-absorbing gel and immerse it in 2000mL of deionized water. After soaking for 12h to fully swell, filter it through a double layer of gauze until no water drips out. Weigh the water-absorbing gel, which represents the water absorption capacity of the water-absorbing gel. Repeat the test 5 times for each sample and take the average value. The data results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] (2) Water retention capacity test: Weigh 100 g of the fully swollen water-absorbing gel and place it in a beaker. Place the beaker in a 35°C incubator and weigh it regularly every 24 hours. Repeat the test 5 times for each sample and take the average value. The data results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] (3) Repeated water absorption capacity test: Weigh 1g of water-absorbing gel and add 2000mL of distilled water to fully absorb water. After 12 hours, filter it with double-layer gauze and weigh the mass of the water-absorbing gel. Then, place the swollen water-absorbing gel in an 80℃ oven to dry. Then add distilled water to fully absorb water and dry it again. Repeat the test 10 times and record the weight of the water-absorbing gel after each re-swelling. Repeat the test 5 times for each sample and take the average value. The data results are shown in Table 1.

[0076] Table 1 Sample performance test results

[0077]

[0078] The data in Table 1 demonstrate that the water-absorbing gels prepared in Examples 2-4 of the present invention exhibit excellent water absorption and water retention properties. The water-absorbing gels in Comparative Example 1 do not incorporate an amino-containing water-absorbing polymer component, and the water-absorbing gels in Comparative Example 2 do not incorporate a calcium-based bentonite component. The measured water absorption capacity, water retention capacity, and repeated water absorption capacity of Comparative Examples 1-2 are inferior to those of Examples 2-4, indicating that the addition of both the amino-containing water-absorbing polymer and the calcium-based bentonite improve the water absorption and water retention properties of the water-absorbing gels to a certain extent.

[0079] The performance of the net shed seedling substrates prepared in Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 3-4 was tested: a substrate of known volume and mass was immersed in deionized water to fully absorb water and then gravity drained. This process was repeated three times to ensure that the substrate was saturated with water. The substrate was gravity drained for 30 minutes, and its volume and mass were measured again. The substrate was then placed in an oven at 105°C for 7 days and weighed again. The maximum water holding capacity, total porosity, and aeration porosity values were calculated. The electrical conductivity was measured using a conductivity meter. Potato seeds were germinated, and then the substrates prepared in Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 3-4 were filled into 128-hole trays, with 200 g of substrate per tray. The trays were thoroughly watered and sown, with one seed sown per hole at a sowing depth of 0.5 cm. The seeds were watered again after sowing and sprayed with clean water every 7 days. 28 days after sowing, the height and stem diameter of the potato seedlings were tested, and the data results are shown in Table 2.

[0080] Table 2 Sample performance test results

[0081]

[0082] From the data results in Table 2, it can be seen that the seedling substrates prepared in Examples 5-7 of the present invention are more suitable for potato growth than those in Comparative Examples 3-4. In Comparative Example 3, the water-absorbing gel is replaced with diatomaceous earth and calcium-based bentonite, and the measured water holding capacity, plant height and stem diameter are lower than those in Examples 5-7. In Comparative Example 4, the peat and attapulgite are not modified, and the measured air pores, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity, plant height and stem diameter are worse than those in Examples 5-7, indicating that the acid leaching and compounding of peat and attapulgite can improve the seedling performance of the substrate.

[0083] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "example," or "specific example" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0084] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A net shed seedling matrix, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of modified peat-attapulgite composite material, 20-30 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of water-absorbing gel, 5-10 parts of composite bacterial agent, and 10-20 parts of fertilizer component; The modified peat-attapulgite composite material is prepared by acid-leaching peat and attapulgite with a hydrochloric acid solution; the water-absorbing gel is prepared by forming a double-layer network structure using amino-diatomite, amino-water-absorbing polymer, sodium alginate, an initiator, a cross-linking agent, an accelerator, calcium-based bentonite, and a calcium chloride solution, wherein the amino-diatomite is modified with dopamine, and the amino-water-absorbing polymer is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method using polyvinyl alcohol and agar as polymerization monomers and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent; The preparation method of the water-absorbing gel comprises the following steps: (1) Taking diatomaceous earth and placing it in a crucible, placing it in a muffle furnace and calcining it at a constant temperature of 350-400°C for 4-5 hours, taking it out and placing it in a container filled with hydrochloric acid solution and stirring it for 1-2 hours, then placing it in a 70-90°C water bath and continuing to stir it for 0.5-1 hour, and finally filtering, washing, and drying it to prepare pretreated diatomaceous earth; (2) Add 3-6 g / L dopamine hydrochloride solution to the pretreated diatomaceous earth, stir for 3-4 h under vacuum conditions, and then filter, wash, and dry to prepare amino-treated diatomaceous earth; (3) Mix the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the agar aqueous solution evenly, add polyvinyl pyrrolidone and stir to mix, use hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 2-4, then add glutaraldehyde and mix to obtain a mixed solution, dissolve Span 80 in liquid paraffin, add the obtained mixed solution and stir for 25-40 minutes, then place at 50-70°C and stir to react for 4-6 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to prepare a water-absorbing polymer; (4) A water-absorbing polymer, toluene, and triethylamine were placed in a reactor, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was refluxed at 100-115°C for 4-6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to prepare an amino-containing water-absorbing polymer. (5) Aminated diatomaceous earth and amino water-absorbing polymer were ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water, calcium bentonite was added and ultrasonic dispersion was continued, and then sodium alginate, sodium persulfate, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and tetramethylethylenediamine were added and stirred to obtain component one, and component one was added dropwise to calcium chloride solution in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the addition was completed, the mixture was allowed to stand for 8 to 12 hours, and finally washed and dried to prepare a water-absorbing gel.

2. The net shed seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite bacterial agent is prepared by mixing Bacillus velez, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in a mass ratio of 1:1:1-3:1-2; the fertilizer component is prepared by mixing urea, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfur three-in-one fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:

2.

3. The net shed seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the modified peat-attapulgite composite material comprises the following steps: drying peat and attapulgite to constant weight, grinding and crushing, adding 1-5 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution to the peat and stirring thoroughly for 25-40 minutes, then adding attapulgite and continuing stirring for 20-30 minutes, and finally centrifuging, washing, and drying to prepare the modified peat-attapulgite composite material.

4. The net shed seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 5-10%, and the mass concentration of the agar aqueous solution is 8-12%.

5. The net shed seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (3), the addition ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, the agar aqueous solution, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone, the glutaraldehyde, the Span 80 and the liquid paraffin is 4-6 mL: 4-5 mL: 0.4-0.7 g: 0.2-0.3 mL: 0.5-0.7 mL: 25-30 mL.

6. The net shed seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution in step (5) is 0.5-2%.

7. The net shed seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (5), the mass ratio of the amino diatomaceous earth, the amino water-absorbing polymer, the calcium-based bentonite, the sodium alginate, the sodium persulfate, the N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and the tetramethylethylenediamine is 0.1-0.25: 0.05-0.1: 0.15-0.25: 2-3: 0.2-0.5: 0.3-0.5: 0.35-0.

5.

8. A method for preparing a net shed seedling raising matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Parts by weight of modified peat-attapulgite composite material and perlite are mixed and added to a mixer and crushed into particles. The particle size after screening is 0.1-1 mm. The sieved particles are added to a stirring tank, and then parts by weight of water-absorbing gel, composite bacterial agent and fertilizer components are added and stirred and mixed evenly to prepare the net shed seedling matrix.

9. Use of the net shed seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in potato seedling raising.

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