Intelligent inrush irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent inrush current irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: A1, weather data acquisition and judgment; a2, soil humidity monitoring and demand judgment; a3, calculating irrigation duration; a4, carrying out inrush irrigation period division and dynamic control; the total irrigation duration is decomposed into an inrush current period, and period parameters are dynamically optimized; a5, executing intelligent irrigation; internet weather data and soil humidity monitoring are integrated, intelligent irrigation decision making is achieved, and irrigation accuracy and timeliness are improved. By combining the soil texture, the meteorological data and the real-time soil humidity, the irrigation duration and the irrigation period number are dynamically calculated, the problems of parameter distortion and soil type neglecting in a traditional method are solved, the irrigation effect is ensured, and the irrigation uniformity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of green agriculture, alternating irrigation and water-saving irrigation, and in particular to an intelligent surge irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring. Background Art

[0002] my country is extremely short of water resources. The per capita freshwater resources are only 28% of the world average. Agricultural water use accounts for 63% of the total water use, and irrigation water use accounts for more than 90% of agricultural water use. Traditional irrigation methods are usually based on farmers' experience and intuition, lack scientific basis and accuracy, resulting in excessive or insufficient irrigation, causing water waste and soil salinization, affecting crop growth and yield. Therefore, the development of water-saving irrigation (such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, etc.) has become a strategic choice to alleviate the shortage of water resources. The water-saving efficiency of these methods can reach 30% to 80%. However, water-saving irrigation technology also has limitations such as high investment, complex construction, high requirements for manpower and equipment, and easy clogging of equipment.

[0003] At present, most irrigation methods in the world are surface irrigation. In order to improve irrigation efficiency and uniformity, surge irrigation (also known as intermittent irrigation and surge irrigation) came into being. This method supplies water to the furrows and furrows through intermittent valves, generating surges, speeding up the water flow and shortening the time difference of soil moistening. Compared with traditional continuous irrigation, surge irrigation divides the water supply time into multiple cycles to quickly introduce water sources. However, the effect of surge irrigation is affected by many factors such as soil type, humidity, furrow width and field area, so the irrigation time needs to be optimized according to the specific situation.

[0004] Rainfall can effectively reduce the amount of water used for irrigation. When there is sufficient rainfall, plants can absorb enough water from the soil and reduce dependence on artificial irrigation. This not only saves water resources, but also reduces irrigation costs and labor input. If rainfall water is used for irrigation in a timely manner, soil drought or overwatering can be avoided, and the healthy growth of crops can be promoted. However, it is necessary to regularly monitor soil moisture according to actual conditions, so as to carry out scientific and reasonable irrigation management to ensure that plants get enough water and nutrients.

[0005] Patents that have been applied for or published In terms of irrigation, the invention patent with application number 202411280881.7 discloses an agricultural smart management system based on the Internet of Things, which achieves the goal of precise irrigation through the efficient collaboration of irrigation data collection and intelligent irrigation algorithms. However, the system has certain theoretical defects in the calculation of soil and meteorological parameters: first, the soil irrigation parameter SMT is defined as the simple addition of soil temperature and humidity, but due to the different dimensions of the two, the direct addition lacks physical meaning, which may lead to distortion of the calculation results; secondly, when calculating the meteorological parameter WEA, the situation where the precipitation Qjs is 0 or very small is not fully considered. When the rainfall is 0, it cannot be calculated. When the precipitation approaches 0, the calculated value may be large, resulting in significant deviations, affecting the accuracy of irrigation decisions. Therefore, the calculation method of the relevant parameters needs to be optimized to improve the scientificity and reliability of the system. The invention patent with application number 201510229360.3 discloses a surge irrigation method, which improves the irrigation quality by setting reasonable parameters such as irrigation cycle and circulation rate, but does not monitor the soil moisture before irrigation to determine the irrigation duration, nor does it effectively combine rainfall data to perform reasonable and accurate irrigation. The invention patent with application number 201510069370.5 discloses a method for measuring soil infiltration parameters and ground roughness under surge irrigation. Although it takes into account indicators such as soil slope and soil roughness, it does not consider different soil types, especially soil texture factors. In general, existing patents or studies do not consider factors such as soil type, soil moisture, rainfall conditions, or the calculation methods of related key parameters have large errors, and lack effective surge irrigation algorithms under different conditions. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent surge irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. By integrating Internet rainfall data, real-time monitoring technology of rainfall sensors and soil moisture sensors, and surge irrigation algorithms, the irrigation duration, humidity threshold, and environmental response mechanism are optimized, and the problems of parameter distortion, neglect of soil type, and excessive energy consumption in traditional methods are solved, so as to realize precise irrigation, improve water resource utilization efficiency, and promote crop growth.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] An intelligent surge irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring includes the following steps:

[0009] A1 Acquisition and judgment of weather data; obtain the corresponding daily rainfall forecast data; analyze the future rainfall forecast, and when the rainfall exceeds the threshold, suspend irrigation; install rainfall sensors on the farmland to continuously record the rainfall for a period of time in real time, and set a reasonable rainfall threshold based on factors such as crop water demand and soil type. When the accumulated precipitation approaches or reaches the rainfall threshold, suspend irrigation;

[0010] A2 Soil moisture monitoring and demand judgment: Use the soil moisture sensor in the system to monitor soil moisture in real time; set the soil moisture threshold and use the soil moisture threshold as the irrigation condition;

[0011] A3 irrigation duration calculation: set different irrigation correction coefficients according to soil characteristics, calculate the soil volume in the crop root zone, and calculate the time required for irrigation based on different soil textures;

[0012] A4 surge irrigation cycle division and dynamic control: decompose the total irrigation time into surge cycles and dynamically optimize the cycle parameters;

[0013] A5 Smart Irrigation Executive.

[0014] The intelligent surge irrigation method, in step A1, analyzes the future rainfall forecast, and the rainfall degree is

[0015]

[0016] a is the rainfall degree coefficient. When the rainfall degree P>0.5, it means that there is heavy rainfall in the area and irrigation is not carried out for the time being.

[0017] In the intelligent surge irrigation method, in step A2, the formula for determining the soil moisture threshold is:

[0018] Soil moisture threshold = field water holding capacity × (1-x)

[0019] In the formula: soil moisture threshold: soil moisture required for irrigation, unit %; field water holding capacity: maximum water content that the soil can hold, unit %; x: set percentage threshold, usually between 0.3 and 0.4.

[0020] The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step A3, the irrigation duration calculation formula is:

[0021]

[0022] Where: Target humidity: target soil humidity required by crops, unit: m 3 / m 3 ;

[0023] Current humidity: current soil humidity, unit: m 3 / m 3 ;

[0024] Soil volume: soil volume in the crop root zone: Unit: m 3 ;

[0025] Soil density: the mass of soil per unit volume, unit: kg / m 3 ;

[0026] K: irrigation correction factor set according to soil texture;

[0027] Pipeline flow: flow rate of irrigation pipe, unit: m 3 / h.

[0028] In the intelligent surge irrigation method, in step A3, different irrigation correction parameters K are set according to the permeability and water retention capacity of the soil; sandy soil: K=1.2; loam: K=1.0; clay: K=0.8.

[0029] In the intelligent surge irrigation method, in step A3, the irrigation duration formula for different soil textures is:

[0030] When the soil texture is sandy:

[0031]

[0032] When the soil texture is loam:

[0033]

[0034] When the soil texture is clay:

[0035]

[0036] In the intelligent surge irrigation method, in step A4,

[0037] Break down the total duration into multiple irrigation cycles, each cycle includes irrigation time and interval time:

[0038] Irrigation duration (T) = n×(T on +T off )

[0039] Where: n: number of cycles,

[0040] T on : Irrigation time of valve opening in a single cycle, hours;

[0041] T off : The interval time of valve closing in a single cycle, hours.

[0042] In the intelligent surge irrigation method, in step A4, the method for dynamically optimizing the cycle parameters is:

[0043] Dynamically allocate irrigation time and intervals for each cycle based on soil texture and total irrigation duration:

[0044] sand:

[0045] T on =T / n, T off =0.5×T on

[0046] The number of cycles n is large (e.g. n ≥ 5), short-term high-frequency irrigation reduces runoff

[0047] Loam:

[0048] T on =T / n, T off =T on

[0049] The number of cycles n is moderate (3≤n<5), balancing penetration and water replenishment

[0050] clay:

[0051] T on =T / n, T off =1.5×T on

[0052] The number of cycles n is small, and irrigation is carried out at a low frequency for a long time to avoid water accumulation.

[0053] In the intelligent surge irrigation method, in step A5, when the irrigation conditions are met, the system automatically controls the irrigation equipment to start, and performs precise irrigation according to the calculated number of cycles and irrigation duration; during the irrigation process, the system continuously monitors changes in soil moisture and adjusts the irrigation amount when necessary to ensure the irrigation effect.

[0054] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0055] (1) Integrate Internet weather data and soil moisture monitoring: realize intelligent irrigation decision-making and improve the accuracy and timeliness of irrigation.

[0056] (2) Dynamic parameter optimization: By combining soil texture, meteorological data and real-time soil moisture, the irrigation duration and number of irrigation cycles are dynamically calculated, which solves the problems of parameter distortion and neglect of soil type in traditional methods, ensures irrigation effect and improves irrigation uniformity.

[0057] (3) Environmental response mechanism: Introduce rainfall degree coefficient and rainfall threshold to achieve environmental adaptation of irrigation decisions, avoid excessive irrigation, and improve water resource utilization efficiency.

[0058] (4) Intelligent irrigation execution and feedback: Realize automated control of the irrigation process while continuously monitoring and adjusting the irrigation volume to avoid over-irrigation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of an intelligent surge irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0061] An intelligent surge irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring includes the following implementation steps:

[0062] 1. Farmland requirements:

[0063] Before carrying out farmland operations, ensuring that the farmland meets certain standards and requirements is an important prerequisite for improving agricultural efficiency and ensuring the healthy growth of crops. Use mechanical equipment to level the farmland without obvious bulges or depressions. Paddy fields: The maximum allowable slope is ≤0.5%, and the maximum elevation difference between any two points on the same farmland should be controlled at ≤2cm. Dry land: Depending on the crop type, the maximum allowable slope can be relaxed to 1% to 2%, and the maximum elevation difference between any two points on the same farmland should be controlled at ≤5cm. Handle the residues of the previous crop and remove debris and gravel.

[0064] According to the soil type and the depth of the crop root system, the length of the ridge is determined to be 20 to 50 meters, the width is 3 to 8 meters, and the depth of the tillage layer is determined according to the planting type, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 meters. Set up ridges with a height of 10 to 15 cm to prevent water from overflowing during irrigation. A single ridge must be kept rectangular or trapezoidal, and adjacent ridges must be arranged in parallel to avoid bending or staggering.

[0065] 2. Weather data acquisition and judgment:

[0066] (1) The corresponding daily rainfall forecast data for a certain area was obtained from China Weather Network (https: / / www.weather.com.cn), including information such as rainfall amount and time period, with a forecast period of 1 to 7 days.

[0067] (2) According to the classification of rainfall levels by the meteorological department, rainfall is divided into light rain (<10.0 mm), moderate rain (10.1-25.0 mm), heavy rain (25.1-50.0 mm), rainstorm (50.1-100.0 mm) and heavy rainstorm (100.1-200.0 mm), and the corresponding rainfall degree coefficients a are set to 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 respectively. The rainfall forecast for the next 7 days is analyzed, and the rainfall degree is

[0068]

[0069] When the rainfall degree P>0.5, it means that there is heavy rainfall in the area and irrigation is not carried out for the time being.

[0070] Install rain sensors at representative locations on farmland to continuously record rainfall over a period of time in real time. Set reasonable rainfall thresholds based on factors such as crop water requirements and soil type. When the accumulated precipitation approaches or reaches the rainfall threshold, irrigation will not be carried out temporarily.

[0071] 3.Soil moisture monitoring and demand judgment:

[0072] (1) Deploy an IoT-based intelligent irrigation system in key areas of farmland and use the soil moisture sensors in the system to monitor soil moisture in real time.

[0073] (2) Different crops have different requirements for soil moisture. Soil moisture thresholds are set according to crop types and growth stages. The soil moisture thresholds are used as irrigation conditions to reasonably arrange irrigation water and improve crop yield and quality.

[0074] The soil moisture threshold can be determined using the following formula:

[0075] Soil moisture threshold = field water holding capacity × (1-x)

[0076] In the formula: soil moisture threshold: soil moisture required for irrigation, unit %; field water holding capacity: maximum water content that the soil can hold, unit %; x: set percentage threshold, usually between 0.3 and 0.4.

[0077] 4. Calculation of irrigation duration

[0078] In order to design the irrigation duration calculation formula and combine the permeability and water retention capacity of different soil textures (sand, loam, clay), we set different irrigation correction factors according to the characteristics of the soil, and combined with factors such as the flow rate of the irrigation pipe, the area of ​​the field and the soil density to calculate the time required for irrigation.

[0079] (1) Calculation formula for irrigation duration

[0080]

[0081] Where: Target humidity: Target soil humidity required by crops (unit: m 3 / m 3 ).

[0082] Current humidity: Current soil humidity (unit: m 3 / m 3 ).

[0083] Soil volume: The soil volume in the crop root zone (unit: m 3 ).

[0084] Soil density: the mass of soil per unit volume (unit: kg / m 3 ).

[0085] K: Irrigation correction factor set according to soil texture.

[0086] Pipeline flow: The flow rate of the irrigation pipeline (unit: m 3 / h).

[0087] (2) Setting irrigation correction coefficients for different soil textures

[0088] Different irrigation correction parameters (K) are set according to the permeability and water retention capacity of the soil.

[0089] Sandy soil: High permeability, poor water retention. Irrigation correction factor is usually high.

[0090] K=1.2

[0091] Loam: moderate permeability, good water retention capacity. Moderate irrigation correction factor.

[0092] K=1.0

[0093] Clay: Poor permeability, high water retention capacity. Irrigation correction factors are usually low.

[0094] K=0.8

[0095] (3) Calculate the soil volume in the crop root zone

[0096] Calculated based on the field size:

[0097] Soil volume = length of ridge (L) × width of ridge (W) × depth of soil tillage layer (H)

[0098] Wherein: the unit of bed length L, bed width W and soil tillage layer depth H are all m.

[0099] (4) Irrigation duration formula for different soil textures:

[0100] When the soil texture is sandy:

[0101]

[0102] When the soil texture is loam:

[0103]

[0104] When the soil texture is clay:

[0105]

[0106] Example calculation:

[0107] Assuming target humidity: 0.25m 3 / m 3

[0108] Current humidity: 0.20m 3 / m 3

[0109] Length of field (L) = 30m

[0110] Boundary width (W) = 5m

[0111] Soil layer depth (H) = 0.3m

[0112] Soil density = 1300kg / m 3

[0113] Pipeline flow rate = 15m 3 / h

[0114] When the soil texture is sandy:

[0115]

[0116] When the soil texture is loam:

[0117]

[0118] When the soil texture is clay:

[0119]

[0120] 5. Surge irrigation cycle division and dynamic control

[0121] (1) Total irrigation duration is decomposed into flow cycles

[0122] In order to achieve the intermittent water flow effect of surge irrigation, the total duration is decomposed into multiple irrigation cycles, each cycle includes irrigation time and interval time:

[0123] Irrigation duration (T) = n×(T on +T off )

[0124] Where: n: number of cycles (needs to be dynamically calculated based on soil type)

[0125] T on : Irrigation time of valve opening in a single cycle (hours)

[0126] T off : The interval time of valve closing in a single cycle (hours)

[0127] (2) Dynamic optimization of cycle parameters

[0128] Dynamically allocate irrigation time and intervals for each cycle based on soil texture and total irrigation duration:

[0129] Sandy soil (high permeability):

[0130] T on =T / n, T off =0.5×T on

[0131] The number of cycles n is large (e.g. n ≥ 5), short-term high-frequency irrigation reduces runoff

[0132] Loam (moderate permeability):

[0133] T on =T / n, T off =T on

[0134] The number of cycles n is moderate (3≤n<5), balancing penetration and water replenishment

[0135] Clay (low permeability):

[0136] T on =T / n, T off =1.5×T on

[0137] The number of cycles n is small (e.g. n<3), long-term low-frequency irrigation to avoid water accumulation

[0138] 6. Intelligent irrigation execution

[0139] When the irrigation conditions are met, the system automatically controls the irrigation equipment (such as water pumps and valves) to start, and accurately irrigates according to the calculated number of cycles and irrigation duration. During the irrigation process, the system continuously monitors the changes in soil moisture and adjusts the irrigation amount when necessary to ensure the irrigation effect.

[0140] The present invention accurately determines irrigation needs by dynamically integrating weather forecasts, soil moisture thresholds and environmental response mechanisms, saving 20% ​​to 35% of water compared to traditional surge irrigation, and increasing water resource utilization efficiency by more than 40%. By regulating the irrigation cycle through soil texture, the uniformity of water flow coverage reaches more than 90%, which is 25% to 30% higher than ordinary intermittent irrigation. Through intelligent control of surge frequency, the water flow propulsion speed is increased by 1.5 to 2 times, significantly shortening the soil wetting time difference, reducing deep seepage losses by 30% to 40%, and reducing system energy consumption by 15% to 20%.

[0141] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent surge irrigation method based on meteorological data and Internet of Things monitoring, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A1 Acquisition and judgment of weather data; obtain the corresponding daily rainfall forecast data; analyze the future rainfall forecast, and when the rainfall exceeds the threshold, suspend irrigation; install rainfall sensors on the farmland to continuously record the rainfall for a period of time in real time, and set a reasonable rainfall threshold based on factors such as crop water demand and soil type. When the accumulated precipitation approaches or reaches the rainfall threshold, suspend irrigation; A2 Soil moisture monitoring and demand judgment: Use the soil moisture sensor in the system to monitor soil moisture in real time; Set the soil moisture threshold and use it as the irrigation condition; A3 irrigation duration calculation: set different irrigation correction coefficients according to soil characteristics, calculate the soil volume in the crop root zone, and calculate the time required for irrigation based on different soil textures; A4 surge irrigation cycle division and dynamic control: decompose the total irrigation time into surge cycles and dynamically optimize the cycle parameters; A5 Smart Irrigation Executive.

2. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A1, the future rainfall forecast is analyzed and the rainfall degree is a is the rainfall degree coefficient. When the rainfall degree P>0.5, it means that there is heavy rainfall in the area and irrigation is not carried out for the time being.

3. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A2, the formula for determining the soil moisture threshold is: Soil moisture threshold = field water holding capacity × (1-x) In the formula: soil moisture threshold: soil moisture required for irrigation, unit %; field water holding capacity: maximum water content that the soil can hold, unit %; x: set percentage threshold, usually between 0.3 and 0.

4.

4. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A3, the irrigation duration calculation formula is: Where: Target humidity: target soil humidity required by crops, unit: m 3 / m 3 ; Current humidity: current soil humidity, unit: m 3 / m 3 ; Soil volume: soil volume in the crop root zone: Unit: m 3 ; Soil density: the mass of soil per unit volume, unit: kg / m 3 ; K: irrigation correction factor set according to soil texture; Pipeline flow: flow rate of irrigation pipe, unit: m 3 / h.

5. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A3, different irrigation correction parameters K are set according to the permeability and water retention capacity of the soil; Sandy soil: K = 1.2; Loam: K = 1.0; Clay: K=0.

8.

6. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A3, the irrigation duration formula for different soil textures is: When the soil texture is sandy: When the soil texture is loam: When the soil texture is clay:

7. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step A4, Break down the total duration into multiple irrigation cycles, each cycle includes irrigation time and interval time: Irrigation duration (T) = n×(T on +T off ) Where: n: number of cycles, T on : Irrigation time of valve opening in a single cycle, hours; T off : The interval time of valve closing in a single cycle, hours.

8. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A4, the method for dynamically optimizing the periodic parameters is: Dynamically allocate irrigation time and intervals for each cycle based on soil texture and total irrigation duration: sand: T on =T / n,T off =0.5×T on The number of cycles n is large (e.g. n ≥ 5), short-term high-frequency irrigation reduces runoff Loam: T on =T / n,T off =T on The number of cycles n is moderate (3≤n<5), balancing penetration and water replenishment clay: T on =T / n,T off =1.5×T on The number of cycles n is small, and irrigation is carried out at a low frequency for a long time to avoid water accumulation.

9. The intelligent surge irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A5, when the irrigation conditions are met, the system automatically controls the irrigation equipment to start, and performs precise irrigation according to the calculated number of cycles and irrigation duration; During the irrigation process, the system continuously monitors changes in soil moisture and adjusts the irrigation amount when necessary to ensure irrigation effectiveness.

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