Composition for preventing root rot of zamioculcas zamiifolia and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a composition for preventing root rot of zamioculcas zamiifolia and a use method of the composition, and belongs to the technical field of plant disease control. Wherein the root irrigation fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: beta-aminobutyric acid, gamma-polyglutamic acid, N-P-K balanced fertilizer, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and compound sodium nitrophenolate; the foliage spraying agent is prepared from the following raw materials: salicylic acid and triacontanol. Starting from regulation and control of growth and development, stress resistance and defense balance of zamioculcas zamiifolia plants, when a climate stress period arrives, mineral nutrition is regulated (calcium and magnesium fertilizers are increased, nitrogen fertilizers are reduced, and nitrogen fertilizers are reduced); according to the present invention, plant growth regulators (such as salicylic acid, compound sodium nitrophenolate, triacontanol and the like), fertilizer synergists (such as gamma-PGA and aminobutyric acid) and the like are adopted to regulate and control so as to promote the moderate reduction of the growth rate of the zamioculcas zamiifolia plants caused by high temperature and high humidity so as to enhance the stress resistance of the plants, and the systematic resistance of the plants is induced; the root rot of the zamioculcas zamiifolia is prevented from internal causes and external causes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease control, and particularly relates to a composition for preventing the root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Rhizome rot disease is a soil-borne disease that often occurs in the production of ornamental and horticultural crops at present, and it is also a tenacious and extremely difficult-to-control plant disease. The disease is mainly caused by the virus carried by the seedlings themselves and the deterioration of the soil microenvironment. Therefore, in some propagation methods dominated by asexual reproduction such as branch and leaf cuttings and conventional tissue culture, the virus often accumulates during the asexual reproduction process, which is an important reason for the increasingly serious soil-borne diseases such as rhizome rot disease.

[0003] The carrying and accumulation of viruses cause the gradual degradation of plants during batch asexual reproduction. For example, many of their excellent ornamental characteristics, disease resistance, etc. gradually degenerate. And due to factors such as the stage of industrial development and the difficulty of virus-free technology, not all valuable plants can obtain virus-free propagation germplasms with more excellent varieties, traits, disease resistance, and stress resistance through virus-free technology during a specific period. This is also the key problem faced in current production management. It is necessary to study a technical management system that can balance plant growth and disease resistance in the current production management of germplasm characteristics. To a certain extent, this is even a problem related to whether the industry of a certain valuable variety can continue to develop.

[0004] Zamioculcas zamiifolia, also known as Snowdrop Anthurium (scientific name: Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl.), is a perennial evergreen herbaceous plant and is a very rare foliage plant with underground tubers. Its plant shape, leaf shape, color, and meaning can all bring a special enjoyment to consumers, and it is a very popular ornamental plant.

[0005] The infection and spread of the rhizome rot disease pathogen overwinter in the substrate in the form of mycelium, chlamydospores or conidia. The contaminated fertilizers and diseased soil are the main primary infection sources in the following year. Conidia are produced on the diseased stems for secondary infection, and it spreads and spreads by splashing with watering. It is easy to get sick when the humidity stays for a long time. In the hot summer, the temperature of the substrate rises. When the base of the stem is buried in the soil and too much water is poured, and the external temperature is high, the water evaporates, resulting in a very high temperature at the base of the stem. The epidermal tissue at the base of the neck is damaged, and the pathogen invades and causes harm. Generally, the disease starts to occur 10 - 15 days after the end of the plum rain season, and then the incidence gradually increases, and the disease stops occurring in mid-September. Simply from the perspective of microbial pathology, there are many fungicides that can effectively kill the pathogens of rhizome rot disease, such as azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, hymexazol, metalaxyl and other fungicides, and they all have good effects when used on crops in field production. This is also what is used by current Zamioculcas zamiifolia producers, but the results show that the effect is not good.

[0006] Research findings show that the cause of this result is also highly related to the current technical management methods of Zamioculcas zamiifolia: First, the cultivation of Zamioculcas zamiifolia is soilless substrate cultivation in greenhouse facilities. During the high-temperature and high-humidity season, compared with field planting, the temperature in the greenhouse facilities is too high, the humidity is too high, and the light is too low. The biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of the plant immune defense hormone salicylic acid are significantly inhibited, reducing the disease resistance of the plant. Second, the cultivation of Zamioculcas zamiifolia is soilless substrate cultivation in greenhouse facilities, and frequent watering with water-soluble fertilizers is required during management. In field planting, there are abundant nitrifying bacteria in the soil that quickly oxidize ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen in the fertilizer into nitrate nitrogen, which becomes the main nitrogen source type for crop growth. However, frequent water and fertilizer leaching in soilless cultivation makes the main form of nitrogen fertilizer absorbed by the substrate for the plants ammonium nitrogen. Excessive ammonium nitrogen inhibits the absorption of many cations such as calcium and magnesium elements and reduces the robustness of the plants. Third, Zamioculcas zamiifolia is a green foliage plant, and the fertilizers used in cultivation management are mainly high-nitrogen fertilizers (even the commonly used 20-20-20 type balanced fertilizer has a very high nitrogen content). The amount of ammonium nitrogen and urea in such fertilizers is relatively high, while the amount of nitrate nitrogen is relatively low. In the soilless cultivation of Zamioculcas zamiifolia in the facility, calcium absorption is severely inhibited during the high-temperature and high-humidity period, and the nitrogen content of the plants is relatively high. Overall, the degree of lignification of the plants is too low, the tissues are too tender, and the resistance is low. Fourth, in the soilless substrate cultivation of Zamioculcas zamiifolia, the absorption of calcium and other elements is inhibited under the supply of high ammonium nitrogen, resulting in the roots of the plants discharging acid and acidifying the rhizosphere microenvironment. The acidic rhizosphere microenvironment further deteriorates the ability to absorb nutrients evenly. This can be known by measuring the pH value of the rhizosphere substrate. In severe cases, the pH is about 3.0, accompanied by root tip necrosis. In field cultivation, the acidic rhizosphere microenvironment will dissolve calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, etc. in the soil, which not only helps to buffer the acidity but also provides calcium elements and other substances for the plants to absorb to balance the nutrient absorption of Zamioculcas zamiifolia. However, the soilless cultivation substrate itself cannot provide the above substances, resulting in the deterioration of the situation. Balancing the nutrient absorption of the plants, enhancing the robustness of the plants, and improving their own disease resistance and defense system are the prerequisites for preventing the root and stem rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia. Soilless substrate cultivation is different from field soil planting, which is also one of the differences that must be considered in the prevention and control of root and stem rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia and the prevention and control of diseases in field soil planting.

[0007] Therefore, it is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to provide a composition that can effectively prevent the root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention provides a composition for preventing root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia and a method for using the same. Starting from regulating the growth, development, stress resistance and defense balance of Zamioculcas zamiifolia plants, when the climate stress period arrives, by adjusting mineral nutrition (increasing calcium and magnesium fertilizers, reducing nitrogen fertilizers, especially reducing the proportion of ammonium nitrogen), using plant growth regulators (such as salicylic acid, sodium nitrophenolate, triacontanol, etc.), fertilizer synergists (such as γ-PGA, γ-aminobutyric acid), etc., to regulate and moderately reduce the growth rate of Zamioculcas zamiifolia plants caused by high temperature and high humidity, and then turn to enhancing the stress resistance of the plants, while inducing the systemic acquired resistance of the plants, to prevent the occurrence of root and stem rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia from both internal and external factors.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0010] A composition for preventing root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia, comprising a root irrigation fertilizer and a foliar spray;

[0011] Among them, the root irrigation fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: β-aminobutyric acid, γ-polyglutamic acid, N-P-K balanced fertilizer, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and sodium nitrophenolate;

[0012] The foliar spray comprises the following raw materials: salicylic acid and triacontanol.

[0013] The reasons for the ineffective prevention of root rot in Zamioculcas zamiifolia in the current existing technologies are as follows: ① In the early stage of rhizome rot, few symptoms appear, and when they become obvious, the disease has already deteriorated severely; ② The reduction of plant resistance is the leading internal cause of pathogen infection and disease outbreak, while environmental conditions are the inducing external factors. The low plant resistance leads to insufficient defense against pathogen invasion under environmental stress. Pesticide bacteriostatic agents have a certain effect on the reproduction of pathogens from the perspective of microbial physiology. However, if the internal cause problem of promoting plant stress resistance enhancement cannot be solved, it is equivalent to the plant loosening its defense against pathogens and cannot fundamentally prevent and control the disease, let alone the fact that pesticides themselves also have a certain inhibitory effect on plant growth; ③ The application of pesticide bacteriostatic agents has a delay, and the drugs are mostly used after the disease has occurred. At this time, a certain range of plants have been damaged; ④ The fleshy stems and roots of Zamioculcas zamiifolia serve as storage organs and absorption organs respectively, and their damage has a much greater impact on the plant than the damage of individual leaves. The importance of root damage to the plant is beyond comparison with that of leaves. Even if the spread of pathogens is effectively inhibited, the damage to the roots inhibits the absorption of many substances necessary for plant growth, such as important hormones like endogenous hormone cytokinin, nutrients like amino acids, and mineral nutrients, ultimately leading to premature senescence of the seedlings and loss of ornamental value. That is, the simple pesticide disease control measures have not fundamentally solved the problem of root and rhizome rot in Zamioculcas zamiifolia; ⑤ Zamioculcas zamiifolia is cultivated in a soilless substrate in a facility, which is very different from the soil in the field for planting field crops. Even if the same fertilizers are applied to the soilless substrate and the soil respectively, the nutrient components actually provided for the plant to absorb are completely different. Therefore, for the same root and rhizome rot, there are great differences in the prevention and control operation plans under different cultivation methods. The prevention and control of root and rhizome rot in Zamioculcas zamiifolia in the present invention starts from three aspects. First, adjust the composition of the irrigation fertilizer in advance according to the climatic characteristics during the disease occurrence period to relieve the stress of the rhizosphere microenvironment and balance nutrient absorption to enhance the stress resistance ability; secondly, regulate the growth rate of the plant during the climate stress period to balance 'growth and development - stress resistance and defense', thereby improving the plant's ability to resist pathogen infection; at the same time, use pesticides to inhibit the concentration of pathogens. The technology of the present invention starts from aspects such as regulating and reducing the growth rate of Zamioculcas zamiifolia during the climate stress period, improving its stress resistance ability, improving the rhizosphere microenvironment, improving photosynthetic ability, inhibiting and killing pathogens, and promoting the rejuvenation of diseased plants, inducing and activating the plant's systemic acquired resistance, and improving the plant's resistance to pathogens at the internal cause level, achieving the purpose of treating both the symptoms and the root causes, and is of significance for industrialized cultivation.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of β-aminobutyric acid, γ-polyglutamic acid, N-P-K balanced fertilizer, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, and sodium nitrophenolate in the root irrigation fertilizer is 3 - 10:4 - 10:400:189:154:2 - 3.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of salicylic acid and triacontanol in the foliar spray is 70 - 140:0.5 - 1.

[0016] According to the usage method of a composition for preventing root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia described above, it includes the following specific steps:

[0017] (1) Prepare the root irrigation fertilizer and apply it according to the normal frequency of water and fertilizer management. Each time, perform saturated root irrigation. The root irrigation fertilizer includes raw materials with the following concentrations: Prepare the root irrigation fertilizer and apply it once every 7 - 10 days according to the normal frequency of water and fertilizer management. The root irrigation fertilizer includes raw materials with the following concentrations: β-aminobutyric acid 3 - 10 mg / L, γ-polyglutamic acid 4 - 10 mg / L, N-P-K balanced fertilizer 0.4 g / L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 0.189 g / L, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate 0.154 g / L, and sodium nitrophenolate 2 - 3 mg / L;

[0018] (2) Prepare the foliar spray agent and spray it on the leaves once every 25 - 30 days. Continuously spray 2 - 3 times at a dosage of 20 kg of liquid per mu. The foliar spray agent includes raw materials with the following concentrations: salicylic acid 70 - 140 mg / L and triacontanol 0.5 - 1 mg / L.

[0019] Application of the composition described above in preventing root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia.

[0020] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that compared with the prior art, the mechanism of the beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:

[0021] (1) In the present invention, by reducing the single balanced fertilizer used in normal cultivation and fertilization and adding magnesium nitrate and calcium nitrate, on the one hand, it is to reduce the proportion of ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen in the fertilizer but increase the proportion of nitrate nitrogen, which not only provides reducing power for increasing leaf photosynthesis to stabilize the oxidation-reduction balance of plant tissues affected by external stress, but also helps improve the stability of cytoplasmic biomembranes and enhance stress resistance; on the other hand, it increases the supply ratio of calcium and magnesium divalent ions and increases their intracellular content. In addition to the nutritional function, especially Ca 2+ As a second messenger in cells, it helps improve the stress resistance of tissues;

[0022] (2) In the present invention, BABA and γ-PGA are added to the root irrigation fertilizer. Since the hot and humid root environment stress during the disease period of Zamioculcas zamiifolia promotes the aging and damage of plant roots, reduces absorption, and severely inhibits the photosynthetic ability of the plants, resulting in the senescence of the whole plant and organs, which is also the internal cause of the occurrence of root and stem rot; BABA and γ-PGA not only have the effect of fertilizer synergist to enhance hydrophilicity and water retention ability, balance soil pH, and promote the absorption of P and trace elements, but also have the ability to enhance disease resistance and stress resistance; and the macromolecule of γ-PGA can be degraded into polypeptides and small peptides, which will stimulate the up-regulation of stress-resistant gene expression and greatly improve photosynthetic efficiency in the plant body. It can also continue to be degraded into amino acids for direct absorption by plants, improving the robustness, stress resistance, and disease resistance of plants;

[0023] (3) The foliar spray of the present invention sprays the leaves with salicylic acid and triacontanol. It can not only appropriately inhibit the plant growth rate and promote the stability of the organ cell biomembrane of stressed plants to resist abiotic stress, and the long-distance transport ability of salicylic acid can activate 'oxygen burst' and induce systemic acquired resistance (moreover, the increase in temperature negatively regulates the synthesis of plant salicylic acid and its signaling pathway, which is an important reason for the decline of plant defense ability and being susceptible to multiple diseases); but also use the compound of salicylic acid and triacontanol to improve the photosynthetic ability of leaves, provide sufficient reducing power to maintain the oxidation-reduction balance of tissue cells, and improve the stress resistance and defense ability of plants. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The present invention provides a preparation method of a composition for preventing root rot of money tree, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0027] (1) Prepare the root irrigation fertilizer, and the root irrigation fertilizer includes raw materials with the following concentrations: BABA 5mg / L, γ-PGA 6mg / L, N-P-K balanced fertilizer with a content of 20-20-20 0.4g / L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 0.189g / L, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate 0.154g / L, and sodium nitrophenolate 2mg / L;

[0028] (2) Prepare the foliar spray, and the foliar spray includes raw materials with the following concentrations: salicylic acid 140mg / L and triacontanol 0.5mg / L.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] The present invention provides a preparation method of a composition for preventing root rot of money tree, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0031] (1) Prepare the root irrigation fertilizer, and the root irrigation fertilizer includes raw materials with the following concentrations: BABA 3mg / L, γ-PGA 4mg / L, N-P-K balanced fertilizer with a content of 20-20-20 0.4g / L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 0.189g / L, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate 0.154g / L, and sodium nitrophenolate 2mg / L;

[0032] (2) Prepare the foliar spray, and the foliar spray includes raw materials with the following concentrations: salicylic acid 70mg / L and triacontanol 0.5mg / L.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] The present invention provides a preparation method of a composition for preventing root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0035] (1) Prepare a root irrigation fertilizer, which includes raw materials with the following concentrations: BABA 10 mg / L, γ-PGA 10 mg / L, N-P-K content 20-20-20 balanced fertilizer 0.4 g / L, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 0.189 g / L, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate 0.154 g / L, and sodium nitrophenolate 3 mg / L. The raw materials with the above concentrations are evenly mixed in equal volumes to obtain the root irrigation fertilizer;

[0036] (2) Prepare a foliar spray, which includes raw materials with the following concentrations: salicylic acid 276 mg / L and triacontanol 1 mg / L.

[0037] Application Example

[0038] Prevention of root and stem rot of medium-sized potted seedlings of Zamioculcas zamiifolia with a height of 30-40 cm:

[0039] In mid-April 2023, in Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan, a study on the prevention and treatment of root and stem rot of medium-sized potted seedlings of Zamioculcas zamiifolia with a height of 30-40 cm cultivated in the greenhouse of a production base for medium-sized potted seedlings of Zamioculcas zamiifolia was carried out; 500 potted plants of Zamioculcas zamiifolia with consistent growth and robustness were selected for the research experiment, and the composition prepared in Example 1 of the treatment combination (T) and the control group (CK) were set respectively. Among them, the treatment group took the salicylic acid concentration gradient as a variable, and four groups of T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were set (the relevant parameters are shown in Table 1); the control group CK was managed according to the current normal water and fertilizer management method; each of the T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and CK treatments had 100 pots, which were placed in the same area with the same environmental conditions in the greenhouse. Starting from April 25th, the following indicators were statistically analyzed on September 1st: the number of diseased plants with root and stem rot, the growth rate of marked branches, the chlorophyll content, and the malondialdehyde content (MDA). The results are shown in Table 2.

[0040] Table 1 Relevant parameters of the treatment combination and the control group

[0041]

[0042] The root irrigation fertilizer is applied once every about 10 days, with saturated root irrigation, and used continuously for 6 times. Then it can be changed to the conventional balanced fertilizer (i.e., root irrigation fertilizer CK) used by current cultivators, and water can be added and humidity can be increased according to the climate conditions at that time; the foliar spray is sprayed on the leaves once every 25-30 days, with a spraying liquid amount of 20 kg / mu each time, and sprayed continuously for 3 times; the root irrigation fertilizer CK uses a 20-20-20 balanced fertilizer at 1.2 g / L, which is applied once every about 10 days, and water can be added and humidity can be increased according to the climate conditions at that time;

[0043] Table 2 Results of the prevention and control experiment on the root rot of Zamioculcas zamiifolia

[0044]

[0045] It can be seen from the data analysis in Table 2 that the components of the water-soluble irrigation fertilizer have a great impact on the pH of the rhizosphere substrate of Zamioculcas zamiifolia; directly irrigating the roots with a simple balanced fertilizer of 20-20-20 causes the pH of the rhizosphere substrate to drop to 3.1, which has severely inhibited root growth and nutrient absorption, resulting in serious root rot; by irrigating the roots with the compound irrigation fertilizer in the present invention, the rhizosphere pH is relatively stable because the nitrate nitrogen in the fertilizer is up-regulated and the proportion of mineral components such as calcium and magnesium is increased, which helps to balance the high organic acids in the plant caused by high nitrogen, alleviating and inhibiting the problem of serious acid excretion in the roots due to unbalanced nutrient supply;

[0046] The spraying of salicylic acid has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth rate of Zamioculcas zamiifolia (visible from the growth rate of the marked branches), and the inhibitory effect increases with the increase in the concentration of salicylic acid used; according to several parameters such as the diseased plant rate, chlorophyll content, leaf MDA content, and CAT activity, the effect of 140 mg / L of salicylic acid is the best. Low-concentration salicylic acid (T1, 70 mg / L) has a certain anti-stress and disease-resistant effect, but it is far lower than that of the T2 (140 mg / L) group; the effect of the high-concentration salicylic acid T3 group (270 mg / L) is even worse, even worse than that of the control CK;

[0047] Because the concentration range of salicylic acid is positively correlated with the defense effect against pathogens, but the application concentration and the effect of anti-abiotic stress are related to the degree of stress. Because salicylic acid resists abiotic stress by promoting the increase of H 2 O 2 as the second messenger in the cell to activate downstream signals. If the concentration of salicylic acid applied exceeds the appropriate amount required by the stress degree, the excessive amount of H 2 O 2 causes oxidative stress to plant cells and tissues, which instead exacerbates the stress degree and worsens the damage caused by the stress to the plants; the results of the two groups of T2 and T4 (the irrigation fertilizer in the T4 group is the same as that in the control CK group) show that the adjustment of the proportion of mineral elements in the irrigation fertilizer can better weight and play the anti-stress and disease-resistant effects of salicylic acid; therefore, the results in the experiments of the present invention show that it is appropriate to spray 140 mg / L of salicylic acid under the degree of abiotic environmental stress during the experimental operation period.

[0048] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to practice or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A composition for preventing root rot of money tree, characterized in that: These include root drenches and foliar sprays; The root irrigation fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: β-aminobutyric acid, γ-polyglutamic acid, NPK balanced fertilizer, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and sodium nitrophenolate; The foliar spray includes the following raw materials: salicylic acid and triacontanol.

2. A composition for preventing root rot of money tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of beta-aminobutyric acid, gamma-polyglutamic acid, NPK balanced fertilizer, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and sodium nitrophenolate in the root irrigation fertilizer is 3-10:4-10:400:189:154:2-3.

3. A composition for preventing root rot of money tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of salicylic acid to triacontanol in the foliar spray is 70-140:0.5-1.

4. A method for using the composition for preventing root rot of money tree according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) preparing root irrigation fertilizer according to the normal water and fertilizer management frequency of 7-10 days, and saturating the roots each time, wherein the root irrigation fertilizer comprises raw materials of the following concentrations: 3-10 mg / L of β-aminobutyric acid, 4-10 mg / L of γ-polyglutamic acid, 0.4 g / L of NPK balanced fertilizer, 0.189 g / L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.154 g / L of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, and 2-3 mg / L of sodium nitrophenolate; (2) Prepare a foliar spray and spray the leaves once every 25-30 days, spraying 2-3 times continuously at a dosage of 20 kg liquid / mu. The foliar spray comprises raw materials of the following concentrations: salicylic acid 70-140 mg / L and triacontanol 0.5-1 mg / L.

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