Feed capable of reducing urinary stone rate of rams and preparation method of feed

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed capable of reducing the urinary stone rate of rams and a preparation method of the feed. The feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 800-1200 parts of corn straws, 200-400 parts of wheat, 100-150 parts of wheat bran, 80-120 parts of oat hay, 200-300 parts of semen plantaginis, 100-150 parts of dandelion roots, 100-150 parts of burdock roots, 35-45 parts of lysimachia christinae hance, 20-26 parts of potassium diformate sustained-release substances and 10-12 parts of probiotic compound components. The probiotic compound component is prepared from bacillus subtilis and cellulase. The feed has the effects of improving the urinary stone rate of the rams and improving the digestive performance of the rams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of feeds, and in particular to a feed for reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sheep feed is scientifically formulated according to the nutrient concentration required at each different growth stage of sheep. A granular complete formulated feed is made by crushing and mixing various feed raw materials, including roughage, concentrate feed, and feed additives, etc., with specific equipment.

[0003] Urinary calculus is a common urinary system disease in the process of sheep breeding. Due to its special physiological structure, the urethra of rams is in a narrow "S" - shaped bend, which is prone to urinary calculus - related diseases; fattening sheep are fed more concentrate feed. If the daily diet is not rationally matched, it will lead to disorders in the body's mineral metabolism, and the indicators in urine deviate from the normal values, making it easy to precipitate fine granular crystals. Therefore, improvement is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to reduce the urinary calculus rate of rams, the present application provides a feed for reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The feed for reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams and the preparation method provided by the present application adopt the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, the feed for reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams provided by the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A feed for reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams comprises the following components in parts by mass: 800 - 1200 parts of corn straw, 200 - 400 parts of wheat, 100 - 150 parts of wheat bran, 80 - 120 parts of oat hay, 200 - 300 parts of plantain seeds, 100 - 150 parts of dandelion roots, 100 - 150 parts of burdock roots, 35 - 45 parts of lysimachia christinae, 20 - 26 parts of slow - release formate of potassium, 10 - 12 parts of probiotic composite component; the probiotic composite component includes bacillus subtilis and cellulase.

[0006] Corn straw, as the main component of feed, contains abundant elements such as calcium and phosphorus, and has a relatively low moisture content, which is likely to cause related diseases such as stones. By adopting the above technical solution, Bacillus subtilis is a probiotic that can play the role of replacing antibiotics and can produce various proteases. When compounded with cellulase and added to the feed, it can improve the flora in the digestive environment of the sheep's stomach, promote the degradation of fiber, and enhance the digestion effect of the feed. At the same time, it can compete for the adhesion sites in the intestine, prevent the overgrowth of harmful bacteria that can produce oxalate-degrading enzymes, enable more oxalate to be excreted from the body with feces, and reduce the precipitation of crystal components of stones; Plantago asiatica has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and promoting diuresis and relieving stranguria, which can help excrete excess water and toxins in the body; The root of Taraxacum officinale is rich in electrolytes such as potassium and sodium, which is beneficial to maintaining the electrolyte balance in the body; The root of Arctium lappa contains abundant dietary fiber, which helps to promote intestinal peristalsis and reduce constipation.

[0007] Preferably, the Bacillus subtilis is prepared by the following method: After mixing sodium nitrate, yeast powder, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ferric sulfate, add them to sodium chloride to obtain a fermentation medium; dissolve Bacillus subtilis in a sodium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 0.9%, and then perform gradient dilution to obtain a Bacillus subtilis seed solution. Add the Bacillus subtilis seed solution to the fermentation medium and ferment in a shaker. After fermentation, obtain a fermentation broth. Centrifuge the fermentation broth, remove the precipitate and filter to obtain Bacillus subtilis.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the culture conditions of Bacillus subtilis are optimized. Sodium nitrate is selected as the inorganic nitrogen source, and yeast powder is selected as the organic nitrogen source and carbon source. The fermentation of Bacillus subtilis group is optimized, thereby increasing the yield of antibacterial substances synthesized by probiotics, enhancing the antibacterial activity, further enhancing the antibacterial activity of Bacillus subtilis, thus further promoting the digestion effect of animals on feed and reducing the growth of harmful bacteria.

[0009] Preferably, the mass concentration ratio between sodium nitrate and yeast powder is 1:(2 - 3).

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the mass ratio between sodium nitrate and yeast powder is preferably within the above range, the overall antibacterial activity of the obtained Bacillus subtilis can be further improved.

[0011] Preferably, the formic acid dimethyl ester sustained-release substance includes formic acid dimethyl ester, xanthan gum, chitosan, and P-type molecular sieve.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, potassium diformate is a green feed additive and a growth promoter. It has palatability and plays a positive role in growth performance such as intestinal antibacterial. Combined with P-type molecular sieve, xanthan gum and leather sheath Tang, it can slow down the rapid release of potassium diformate, achieve the purpose of sustained release, and has targeting, so as to further improve the effect of inhibiting bacteria. At the same time, potassium diformate can decompose in the animal body to produce formic acid, reduce the pH value of the caudal intestine and urine, reduce the precipitation and crystallization of stone-forming substances such as phosphoric acid under alkaline conditions, and further reduce the urinary calculus rate of animals.

[0013] Preferably, the potassium diformate sustained-release substance is prepared by the following method: Mix and stir P-type molecular sieve and deionized water, then add potassium diformate and stir to obtain a mixed system. Add pectin to the mixed system and stir to remove bubbles to obtain an aqueous phase; add Span 80 to peanut oil and stir to obtain an oil phase; add the aqueous phase to the oil phase and stir, then add Tween 80 and calcium chloride and stir to obtain a pre-emulsion. After mixing xanthan gum and water, obtain a xanthan gum solution. Add chitosan to the xanthan gum solution, and then add Tween 80 to obtain a complex. Add the pre-emulsion to the complex to obtain a composite emulsion. Centrifuge the composite emulsion, take the precipitate, wash it, disperse it in absolute ethanol, and freeze-dry to obtain the potassium diformate sustained-release substance.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, using natural alkaline polysaccharide chitosan and natural heteropolysaccharide xanthan gum polyelectrolyte complex as the microsphere wall material to form a stable oil-water dynamic equilibrium system. Xanthan gum has excellent viscosity and rheological properties. After encountering the gastric juice of animals, the surface gel swells, thus forming a barrier, increasing the viscosity of the complex, slowing down the dissolution rate, and further improving the stability of the potassium diformate sustained-release substance. Using P-type molecular sieve as the binding effector of potassium diformate can make potassium diformate evenly dispersed in pectin, and further improve the structural stability of potassium diformate.

[0015] Preferably, the P-type molecular sieve is prepared by the following method: Add zeolite to hydrochloric acid solution, heat it in a water bath, filter, wash and dry to obtain acidified zeolite. Add the acidified zeolite to sodium hydroxide solution, heat it in a water bath and react, centrifuge to take the upper clear liquid, mix it with sodium aluminate, sodium hydroxide and water and react, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain P-type molecular sieve.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, P-type molecular sieve is prepared from zeolite as raw material, which has good adsorption performance, can adsorb and graft potassium diformate, further improve the drug loading rate and encapsulation rate, and improve the utilization rate in the intestine. P-type molecular sieve can combine with Ca 2+Form a dense network structure, so that the prepared system has good thermal stability, and as physical cross-linking points, further improve the overall stability of the system.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio between xanthan gum and chitosan is 1:(0.6 - 0.7).

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, preferably, the mass ratio of xanthan gum to chitosan is within the above range, which can further improve the overall stability of the prepared dimethylformate sustained-release product.

[0019] Preferably, the mass concentration of span 80 in the oil phase is 3 - 3.5%.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, preferably, the mass concentration of span 80 is within the above range, which can further improve the stability of the emulsion system, thereby improving the overall stability of the prepared dimethylformate sustained-release product.

[0021] Preferably, the mass concentration of calcium chloride in the prefabricated emulsion is 32 - 34 g / L.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, preferably, the mass concentration of calcium chloride is within the above range, which makes the combination between calcium chloride and pectin more stable, and further improves the stability of the prepared emulsion system.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a feed for reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams, adopting the following technical solution: A method for preparing a feed for reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams, comprising the following steps: Mix corn straw, wheat, wheat bran, oat hay, plantain seed, dandelion root, burdock root, lysimachia christinae, dimethylformate sustained-release product, and probiotic complex component, and stir evenly to obtain the feed.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. After adding the probiotic complex to the feed, it can play the role of replacing antibiotics, and produce a variety of proteases. After being compounded with cellulase and added to the feed, it can improve the flora in the digestive environment of the animal's stomach, promote the degradation of fibers, thereby improving the digestion effect of the feed, and competing for the adhesion sites in the intestine to prevent the overgrowth of harmful bacteria, and then reducing the precipitation of crystal components of stones. At the same time, lysimachia christinae is added, and lysimachia christinae contains flavonoids, phenols, etc., which can promote the generation and excretion of urine to dilute the concentration of stone substances in the urine, achieving the effect of reducing the calculus rate of animals; 2. The slow-release product of potassium diformate contains potassium diformate. Potassium diformate is a green feed additive and a growth promoter. It has palatability and plays a positive role in growth performance such as intestinal antibacterial, further inhibiting the effect of bacteria, improving the gastric digestion environment. At the same time, potassium diformate can decompose in the animal body to produce formic acid, further reducing the pH value of the gastrointestinal tract and urine, and reducing the precipitation and crystallization of substances such as phosphoric acid that form stones in an alkaline environment; 3. The P-type molecular sieve can adsorb and graft potassium diformate, further improving the drug loading rate and encapsulation rate, making the prepared slow-release product of potassium diformate have good thermal stability. Specific embodiments

[0025] The following further elaborates on the present application in conjunction with examples: Raw material description: All raw materials in the examples can be obtained commercially; Example 1 Preparation of Bacillus subtilis: After mixing sodium nitrate, yeast powder, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate, and iron sulfate, add them to sodium chloride to obtain 50 g of fermentation medium. The mass concentrations of magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate, and iron sulfate in the medium are all 0.1%, the mass concentration of sodium nitrate is 1%, the mass concentration of yeast powder is 2%, and the rest is sodium chloride; Dissolve 5 g of Bacillus subtilis in 10 mL of sodium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 0.9%, and then perform gradient dilution to 10 -7 , Add the seed liquid of Bacillus subtilis with a mass concentration of 3% to the fermentation medium, and ferment at a temperature of 37°C in a shaker at a rotation speed of 180 rpm for 30 h. After fermentation, obtain the fermentation broth. Centrifuge the fermentation broth in a refrigerated centrifuge at 4°C at a rotation speed of 4000 rpm for 20 min. After removing the precipitate, filter the supernatant with a 0.22 μm filter membrane to obtain Bacillus subtilis.

[0026] Preparation of probiotic composite component: After mixing 18 g of Bacillus subtilis with 0.4 g of cellulase, obtain the probiotic composite component. The viable bacteria content in the probiotic component is 3.6×10 7 CFU / mL.

[0027] Preparation of P-type molecular sieve: Add 50 g of zeolite to 150 mL of hydrochloric acid solution with a mass fraction of 15%, heat it in a water bath to 95 °C and keep it for 2 h, wash it with deionized water after filtration, and dry it in an oven at 35 °C for 24 h to obtain acidified zeolite. Add the acidified zeolite to 200 mL of sodium hydroxide solution, heat it in a water bath to 80 °C and react for 20 min, centrifuge it at a speed of 4000 rpm for 10 min, take the supernatant, mix it with 15 g of sodium aluminate, 25 g of sodium hydroxide and 100 g of deionized water, and react at a temperature of 97 °C for 3 h. After centrifugation, wash it with deionized water and dry it in an oven at 35 °C for 18 h to obtain P-type molecular sieve.

[0028] Prepare the slow-release product of potassium diformate: Mix and stir 14 g of P-type molecular sieve with 500 g of deionized water, then add 20 g of potassium diformate, stir at a speed of 300 rpm for 2 h to obtain a mixed system. Add 3 g of pectin powder to the mixed system, stir well, and remove bubbles by ultrasonic treatment to obtain an aqueous phase. Add Span 80 to peanut oil and stir at a speed of 600 rpm for 1 h to obtain an oil phase, and the mass concentration of Span 80 in the oil phase is 3%. Add the aqueous phase to the oil phase, stir at a speed of 400 rpm for 10 min, then add 0.4 g of Tween 80 and calcium chloride, and stir at a speed of 400 rpm for 2 h to obtain a pre-emulsion, and the mass concentration of calcium chloride in the pre-emulsion is 32 g / L. Mix 17 g of xanthan gum with 300 g of deionized water to obtain a xanthan gum solution. Add 10.2 g of chitosan powder to the xanthan gum solution, and then add 6 g of Tween 80 to obtain a complex. Add the pre-emulsion to the complex to obtain a composite emulsion. Centrifuge the composite emulsion for 7 min, take the precipitate, wash it with ethyl acetate, and then disperse the washed precipitate in absolute ethanol and freeze-dry it in an environment at -20 °C for 18 h to obtain the slow-release product of potassium diformate.

[0029] Prepare feed: Mix 800 g of corn straw, 200 g of wheat, 100 g of wheat bran, 80 g of oat hay, 200 g of plantain, 100 g of dandelion root, 100 g of burdock root, 35 g of lysimachia christinae, 20 g of the slow-release product of potassium diformate, and 10 g of probiotic complex components, and stir well to obtain feed.

[0030] Example 2 Prepare Bacillus subtilis: After mixing sodium nitrate, yeast powder, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ferric sulfate, add them to sodium chloride to obtain 50 g of fermentation medium. In the medium, the mass concentrations of magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ferric sulfate are all 0.1%, the mass concentration of sodium nitrate is 1%, the mass concentration of yeast powder is 3%, and the rest is sodium chloride; dissolve 5 g of Bacillus subtilis in 10 mL of sodium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 0.9%, and then perform gradient dilution to 10 -7 , add the seed liquid of Bacillus subtilis with a mass concentration of 3% to the fermentation medium, and ferment at 37 °C in a shaker at a rotation speed of 180 rpm for 30 h. After fermentation, obtain the fermentation broth. Centrifuge the fermentation broth at 4000 rpm for 20 min in a refrigerated centrifuge at 4 °C. After removing the precipitate, filter the supernatant with a 0.22 μm filter membrane to obtain Bacillus subtilis.

[0031] Prepare probiotic composite components: After mixing 18 g of Bacillus subtilis with 0.4 g of cellulase, obtain the probiotic composite components. The viable bacteria content in the probiotic components is 3.6×10 7 CFU / mL.

[0032] Prepare P-type molecular sieve: Add 50 g of zeolite to 150 mL of hydrochloric acid solution with a mass fraction of 15%, heat in a water bath to 95 °C and keep for 2 h. After filtration, wash with deionized water and dry in an oven at 35 °C for 24 h to obtain acidified zeolite. Add the acidified zeolite to 200 mL of sodium hydroxide solution, heat in a water bath to 80 °C and react for 20 min, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 min, take the supernatant, mix it with 15 g of sodium aluminate, 25 g of sodium hydroxide, and 100 g of deionized water, and react at 97 °C for 3 h. After centrifugation, wash with deionized water and dry in an oven at 35 °C for 18 h to obtain P-type molecular sieve.

[0033] Prepare formic acid dimethyl ester sustained-release substance: Mix 16 g of P-type molecular sieve with 500 g of deionized water and stir. Then add 20 g of potassium diformate and stir at a speed of 300 rpm for 2 h to obtain a mixed system. Add 3 g of pectin powder to the mixed system, stir well, and remove bubbles by ultrasonic treatment to obtain an aqueous phase. Add Span 80 to 20 g of peanut oil and stir at a speed of 600 rpm for 1 h to obtain an oil phase, and the mass concentration of Span 80 in the oil phase is 4%. Add the aqueous phase to the oil phase, stir at a speed of 400 rpm for 10 min, then add 0.4 g of Tween 80 and calcium chloride, and stir at a speed of 400 rpm for 2 h to obtain a pre-emulsion, and the mass concentration of calcium chloride in the pre-emulsion is 34 g / L. Mix 17 g of xanthan gum with 300 g of deionized water to obtain a xanthan gum solution. Add 11.9 g of chitosan powder to the xanthan gum solution, and then add 6 g of Tween 80 to obtain a complex. Add the pre-emulsion to the complex to obtain a composite emulsion. Centrifuge the composite emulsion for 7 min, take the precipitate, wash it with ethyl acetate, and then disperse the washed precipitate in absolute ethanol. Freeze-dry it at -20°C for 18 h to obtain a potassium diformate sustained-release product.

[0034] Prepare feed: Mix 1200 g of corn straw, 400 g of wheat, 150 g of wheat bran, 120 g of oat hay, 300 g of plantain, 150 g of dandelion root, 150 g of burdock root, 45 g of lysimachia christinae, 26 g of the potassium diformate sustained-release product, and 12 g of the probiotic composite component, and then mix and stir evenly to obtain feed.

[0035] Example 3 Prepare Bacillus subtilis: Mix sodium nitrate, yeast powder, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ferric sulfate, and then add them to sodium chloride to obtain 50 g of a fermentation medium. The mass concentrations of magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate, and ferric sulfate in the medium are all 0.1%, the mass concentration of sodium nitrate is 1%, the mass concentration of yeast powder is 2.5%, and the rest is sodium chloride. Dissolve 5 g of Bacillus subtilis in 10 mL of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution by mass fraction, and then perform gradient dilution to 10 -7 , add a seed solution of Bacillus subtilis with a mass concentration of 3% to the fermentation medium, and ferment at a temperature of 37°C in a shaker at a speed of 180 rpm for 30 h. After fermentation, obtain a fermentation broth. Centrifuge the fermentation broth in a refrigerated centrifuge at 4°C at a speed of 4000 rpm for 20 min. After removing the precipitate, filter the supernatant through a 0.22 μm filter membrane to obtain Bacillus subtilis.

[0036] Prepare the probiotic composite component: After mixing 18 g of Bacillus subtilis with 0.4 g of cellulase, a probiotic composite component is obtained, and the viable bacteria content in the probiotic component is 3.6×10 7 CFU / mL.

[0037] Preparation of P-type molecular sieve: Add 50 g of zeolite to 150 mL of hydrochloric acid solution with a mass fraction of 15%, heat in a water bath to 95 °C and keep for 2 h, filter and wash with deionized water, dry in an oven at 35 °C for 24 h to obtain acidified zeolite. Add the acidified zeolite to 200 mL of sodium hydroxide solution, heat in a water bath to 80 °C and react for 20 min, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 min, take the supernatant, mix it with 15 g of sodium aluminate, 25 g of sodium hydroxide and 100 g of deionized water, react at 97 °C for 3 h, centrifuge and wash with deionized water, dry in an oven at 35 °C for 18 h to obtain P-type molecular sieve.

[0038] Preparation of formic acid dimethyl ester sustained-release substance: Mix 15 g of P-type molecular sieve with 500 g of deionized water and stir, then add 20 g of formic acid dimethyl ester, stir at 300 rpm for 2 h to obtain a mixed system. Add 3 g of pectin powder to the mixed system, stir well, and remove bubbles by ultrasonic treatment to obtain an aqueous phase; add Span 80 to 20 g of peanut oil and stir at 600 rpm for 1 h to obtain an oil phase, and the mass concentration of Span 80 in the oil phase is 3.5%; add the aqueous phase to the oil phase and stir at 400 rpm for 10 min. Then add 0.4 g of Tween 80 and calcium chloride, and stir at 400 rpm for 2 h to obtain a pre-emulsion, and the mass concentration of calcium chloride in the pre-emulsion is 33 g / L; mix 17 g of xanthan gum with 300 g of deionized water to obtain a xanthan gum solution, add 11.05 g of chitosan powder to the xanthan gum solution, and then add 6 g of Tween 80 to obtain a complex. Add the pre-emulsion to the complex to obtain a composite emulsion. Centrifuge the composite emulsion for 7 min, take the precipitate, wash with ethyl acetate, and then disperse the washed precipitate in absolute ethanol, and freeze-dry at -20 °C for 18 h to obtain the formic acid dimethyl ester sustained-release substance.

[0039] Preparation of feed: Mix 1000 g of corn straw, 300 g of wheat, 125 g of wheat bran, 100 g of oat hay, 40 g of Lysimachia christinae, 150 g of Plantago asiatica, 125 g of dandelion root, 125 g of burdock root, 23 g of formic acid dimethyl ester sustained-release substance, and 11 g of probiotic composite component, and mix well to obtain feed.

[0040] Example 4 Example 4 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 4 and Example 3 is that when preparing Bacillus subtilis in Example 4, the mass concentration of yeast powder in the fermentation medium is 1.5%.

[0041] Example 5 Example 5 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 5 and Example 3 is that when preparing Bacillus subtilis in Example 5, the mass concentration of yeast powder in the fermentation medium is 3.5%.

[0042] Example 6 Example 6 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 6 and Example 3 is that when preparing the formic acid potassium sustained-release product in Example 6, the added chitosan is 7.65 g.

[0043] Example 7 Example 7 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 7 and Example 3 is that when preparing the formic acid potassium sustained-release product in Example 7, the added chitosan is 14.45 g.

[0044] Example 8 Example 8 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 8 and Example 3 is that when preparing the formic acid potassium sustained-release product in Example 8, the mass concentration of span 80 in the oil phase is 2%.

[0045] Example 9 Example 9 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 9 and Example 3 is that when preparing the formic acid potassium sustained-release product in Example 9, the mass concentration of span 80 in the oil phase is 5%.

[0046] Example 10 Example 10 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 10 and Example 3 is that when preparing the formic acid potassium sustained-release product in Example 10, the mass concentration of calcium chloride in the preformed emulsion is 30 g / L.

[0047] Example 11 Example 11 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 11 and Example 3 is that when preparing the formic acid potassium sustained-release product in Example 11, the mass concentration of calcium chloride in the preformed emulsion is 36 g / L.

[0048] Example 12 Example 12 Based on Example 3, the difference between Example 12 and Example 3 is that when preparing the formic acid potassium sustained-release product in Example 14, no P-type molecular sieve is added.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 Taking Example 3 as a reference, in Comparative Example 1, the cellulase in the probiotic composite component was replaced with an equal amount of Bacillus subtilis.

[0050] Comparative Example 2 Taking Example 3 as a reference, in Comparative Example 2, the fermentation medium was replaced with nutrient agar medium when preparing Bacillus subtilis.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 Taking Example 3 as a reference, in Comparative Example 3, the slow-release formate was replaced with ordinary potassium formate.

[0052] Performance detection test The following performance tests were carried out on the samples of Examples 1 - 12 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3: Test for the urinary calculus rate of rams: A total of 750 one - month - old male lambs to be fattened were selected for the test. They were of the same breed, all small - tailed Han sheep, and were randomly divided into 15 groups with 50 lambs in each group. The feeding time was 140 days. The feeding management and conditions in the early stage of the lambs were the same. The lambs were allowed to eat and drink freely and were fed according to the conventional feeding operation procedures. After feeding, the urinary calculus rate and body weight of the lambs were tested, and the test results were filled in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1 Performance test results of Examples 1 - 12 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 As can be seen from Table 1, the urinary calculus rates of the rams in Examples 1 - 3 were all 4% or less, indicating that the feed prepared in this application has the effect of reducing the urinary calculus rate of rams. The weight gain ratios of the rams in Examples 1 - 3 were all 83.65% or more, indicating that the feed prepared in this application has a good digestion effect.

[0054] In Examples 4 and 5 when preparing Bacillus subtilis, the concentration ratios between yeast powder and sodium nitrate in the fermentation medium were not within the range defined in this application. When the concentration of yeast powder was too small or too large, the prepared fermentation medium would affect the antibacterial activity of Bacillus subtilis, thus affecting the flora in the animal's stomach environment. Therefore, it was difficult to improve the urinary calculi of the rams in Examples 4 and 5.

[0055] In Examples 6 and 7 when preparing the slow - release formate of potassium, the mass ratios between xanthan gum and chitosan were not within the range defined in this application. When the content of chitosan was too little or too much, the emulsification degree of the microspheres would be affected, and it was difficult to form a stable three - dimensional network structure. Therefore, the stability of the prepared slow - release formate of potassium decreased, and the potassium formate was released and absorbed quickly, making it difficult to further inhibit the activity of the flora in the animal body. Therefore, it was difficult to further improve the urinary calculus rate of the rams in Examples 6 and 7.

[0056] In Examples 8 and 9, when preparing the slow-release form of potassium diformate, the addition amounts of Span 80 are not within the scope defined in the present application. When the content of Span 80 is too high, the interfacial tension of the emulsion phase is too low, resulting in the fragmentation of emulsion droplets and making it difficult to form the slow-release product. When the content of Span 80 is too low, it is difficult to form a film at the oil-water interface, the emulsion droplets aggregate, the degree of emulsification decreases, and the stability is difficult to further improve. Therefore, the feed in Examples 8 and 9 is difficult to further improve the urinary calculus rate of rams.

[0057] In Examples 10 and 11, when preparing the slow-release form of potassium diformate, the contents of calcium chloride are not within the scope defined in the present application. When the added content of calcium chloride is too low, it is difficult to further combine with pectin to form a stable complex, and the stability of the system decreases; when the added calcium chloride is too much, the high-concentration calcium ions react with pectin, resulting in a decrease in the stability of the emulsion and the yield of microspheres. Therefore, the feed prepared in Examples 10 and 11 is difficult to further improve the urinary calculus rate of rams.

[0058] In Example 12, when preparing the slow-release form of potassium diformate, P-type molecular sieve is not added, and it is difficult to stably adsorb potassium diformate, resulting in a decrease in the stability of potassium diformate in pectin. Therefore, the feed prepared in Example 12 is difficult to further improve the urinary calculus rate of rams.

[0059] In Comparative Example 1, cellulase is not added to the antibacterial composite component. Without cellulase, it is difficult to further degrade corn straw, etc., so it is difficult to play a synergistic antibacterial role. Therefore, the urinary calculus rate of rams in Comparative Example 1 is difficult to decrease.

[0060] In Comparative Example 2, the fermentation medium is replaced with a common nutrient agar medium. The common medium is difficult to further enhance the antibacterial activity of Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, the urinary calculus rate of rams in Comparative Example 2 is difficult to decrease.

[0061] In Comparative Example 3, the slow-release form of potassium diformate is replaced with common potassium diformate. The common potassium diformate is quickly inactivated and difficult to further play an antibacterial role. Therefore, the urinary calculus rate of rams in Comparative Example 3 is difficult to decrease.

[0062] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. Through the above description, relevant staff can make various changes and modifications completely within the scope without deviating from the technical idea of this application. The technical scope of this application is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A feed for reducing the rate of urinary stones in rams, characterized in that: The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 800-1200 parts of corn stalks, 200-400 parts of wheat, 100-150 parts of wheat bran, 80-120 parts of oat hay, 200-300 parts of psyllium seeds, 100-150 parts of dandelion roots, 100-150 parts of burdock roots, 35-45 parts of Lysimachia scabra, 20-26 parts of potassium diformate sustained-release material, and 10-12 parts of a probiotic composite component; the probiotic composite component comprises Bacillus subtilis and cellulase.

2. A feed for reducing urinary calculi rate in rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Bacillus subtilis is prepared by the following method: Sodium nitrate, yeast powder, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc sulfate and ferric sulfate are mixed, and the mixture is added into sodium chloride to obtain a fermentation medium; Bacillus subtilis is dissolved in a sodium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 0.9%, and then gradient dilution is performed to obtain a Bacillus subtilis seed solution, the Bacillus subtilis seed solution is added into the fermentation medium, and the mixture is fermented in a shaking table, and a fermentation liquid is obtained after the fermentation is completed, and the fermentation liquid is centrifuged, and the precipitate is removed and filtered to obtain Bacillus subtilis.

3. A feed for reducing urinary stone rate in rams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass concentration ratio of the sodium nitrate to the yeast powder is 1:(2-3).

4. A feed for reducing urinary stone rate in rams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potassium diformate sustained-release material comprises potassium diformate, xanthan gum, chitosan and P-type molecular sieve.

5. A feed for reducing urinary stone rate in rams according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diformic acid sustained-release material is prepared by the following method: The P-type molecular sieve is mixed with deionized water and stirred, and then potassium diformate is added and stirred to obtain a mixed system, pectin is added to the mixed system and stirred to remove bubbles to obtain a water phase; Span 80 is added to peanut oil and stirred to obtain an oil phase; the water phase is added to the oil phase and stirred, and then Tween 80 and calcium chloride are added and stirred to obtain a preformed emulsion, xanthan gum is mixed with water to obtain a xanthan gum solution, chitosan is added to the xanthan gum solution, and then Tween 80 is added to obtain a complex, the preformed emulsion is added to the complex to obtain a composite emulsion, the composite emulsion is centrifuged, the precipitate is washed, added to anhydrous ethanol for dispersion, and freeze-dried to obtain a potassium diformate sustained-release material.

6. A feed for reducing the rate of urinary stones in rams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The P-type molecular sieve is prepared by the following method: The zeolite is added to a hydrochloric acid solution, heated in a water bath, filtered, washed and dried to obtain an acidified zeolite, the acidified zeolite is added to a sodium hydroxide solution, heated in a water bath for reaction, centrifuged to obtain a supernatant, mixed with sodium aluminate, sodium hydroxide and water for reaction, centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain a P-type molecular sieve.

7. A feed for reducing the rate of urinary stones in rams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the xanthan gum to the chitosan is 1:(0.6-0.7).

8. A feed for reducing the rate of urinary stones in rams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass concentration of Span 80 in the oil phase is 3-3.5%.

9. A feed for reducing the rate of urinary stones in rams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass concentration of calcium chloride in the prefabricated emulsion is 32-34 g / L.

10. A method for preparing a feed for reducing the rate of urinary stones in rams as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: The corn stalks, wheat, wheat bran, oat hay, psyllium seeds, dandelion roots, burdock roots, Lysimachia chinensis, potassium diformate slow-release material and probiotic composite components are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain feed.

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