Complete feed for improving growth performance of secondary fattening pigs and application of complete feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, discloses a complete feed for improving the growth performance of secondary fattening pigs and application of the complete feed, and particularly discloses the complete feed which comprises corn, wheat bran, flour, soybean meal, rice hull powder, mountain flour, calcium bicarbonate, phytase, ethoxyquin, lysine sulfate, amino acid, sodium chloride, calcium propionate and a premix. The secondary fattening pig complete formula feed based on standard ileum digestible lysine and net energy ratio matching can optimize the SID-Lys / NE ratio to balance protein deposition and energy metabolism, significantly reduce the feed conversion ratio of fattening pigs, reduce the meat making cost and improve the fur state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a complete feed for improving the growth performance of secondarily fattened pigs and its application. Background Art

[0002] Pork is the main source of meat in China. Pork consumption dominates China's meat consumption, and both the live hog slaughter volume and pork consumption volume account for more than 50% of the global total. As an essential food ingredient, the demand for pork will not change in the short term. In modern pig farming production, feed costs account for more than 60% of the production cost, and the growing and fattening period is an important link in pig farming production, with the feed consumption accounting for 75% - 80% of the total feed consumption during the whole period.

[0003] Lysine (Lys) is considered the first limiting amino acid in conventional pig diets and plays an important role in the protein deposition and growth of animal bodies. Pigs cannot synthesize lysine themselves, nor can it be replaced by any other amino acid, but it plays an important role in the protein deposition and growth of animal bodies. Lean meat growth rate and maintenance requirements are the most important factors determining protein deposition or lysine requirements. These requirements can be affected by many factors such as pig body weight, gender, breed, diet, and environmental factors (such as temperature, feeding density), etc. These factors can affect the production performance and nutritional requirements of pigs to cope with internal or external pressures. The ileal digestibility of amino acids (SID-Lys) is a commonly used indicator for evaluating the biological utilization rate of amino acids in pig diets. For large-scale animal experiments, the standard ileal digestibility is a feasible and relatively economical method. The feed consumption during the growing and fattening period of pigs accounts for 80% of the total feed consumption during the entire feeding period. Currently, the prices of international corn and soybean meal are erratic. It is an effective means for farmers to strictly control the feeding cost to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and at the same time, the growth rate of fattening pigs should also reach the best.

[0004] The late fattening period is the key period for fat deposition in pig bodies, also known as the second fattening period. The feed conversion rate is relatively low during this stage, and the feed utilization rate is low. In addition, high energy intake will reduce feed intake, but high energy level intake will interfere with the amino acid absorption rate of barrows. At the same time, there is less research on the nutrition of SID-Lys in secondary fattening, and the ratio of the optimal ileal digestible lysine (SID-Lys) to net energy (NE) is still unclear, lacking systematic research. Therefore, developing a complete feed based on optimizing SID-Lys / NE is crucial for reducing the feed cost of secondary fattening and improving the growth rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the formula concept of the ratio of standard ileal digestible lysine to net energy, the present invention provides a complete feed that can significantly improve the growth performance of secondarily fattened pigs and improve the fur condition.

[0006] The purpose of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a complete feed.

[0007] The purpose of the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the complete feed according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0008] The purpose of the third aspect of the present invention is to provide the application of the complete feed according to the first aspect of the present invention in the preparation of products for improving the growth performance of secondary fattening pigs, reducing the cost of meat production and / or reducing the diarrhea rate of fattening pigs.

[0009] In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0010] In the first aspect of the present invention, a complete feed is provided, which includes corn, wheat bran, flour, soybean meal, rice hull powder, stone powder, calcium bicarbonate, phytase, ethoxyquinoline, lysine sulfate, amino acids, sodium chloride, calcium propionate and premix.

[0011] The present invention provides a complete feed with an appropriate ratio of standard ileal digestible lysine to net energy to improve the feed conversion rate of fattening pigs weighing 110 - 150 kg and control the appropriate cost of meat production.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of standard ileal digestible lysine in the complete feed is 0.63% - 1.03%, such as 0.63%, 0.73%, 0.83%, 0.93% and 1.03%.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of standard ileal digestible lysine in the complete feed is 0.73%.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of standard ileal digestible lysine to net energy in the complete feed is 2.6 - 4.5 g / Mcal.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of standard ileal digestible lysine to net energy in the complete feed is 2.65 g / Mcal, 3.06 g / Mcal, 3.47 g / Mcal, 3.88 g / Mcal, 4.29 g / Mcal; preferably 3.06 g / Mcal.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, by mass, the complete feed includes 65 - 80 parts of corn, 2 - 7 parts of wheat bran, 5 - 9 parts of flour, 10 - 20 parts of soybean meal, 0.01 - 0.1 part of rice hull powder, 0.5 - 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.1 - 0.9 part of calcium bicarbonate, 0.01 - 0.05 part of phytase, 0.01 - 0.05 part of ethoxyquinoline, 0.1 - 1.5 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.01 - 0.7 part of amino acids, 0.1 - 1 part of sodium chloride, 0.05 - 0.5 part of calcium propionate and 0.1 - 1 part of premix.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, by mass, the complete feed comprises 70-75 parts of corn, 2-6 parts of wheat bran, 6-8 parts of flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 0.01-0.06 part of rice hull powder, 0.5-1 part of limestone powder, 0.1-0.6 part of calcium bicarbonate, 0.01-0.03 part of phytase, 0.01-0.03 part of ethoxyquinoline, 0.1-1.1 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.01-0.1 part of amino acid, 0.1-0.8 part of sodium chloride, 0.05-0.2 part of calcium propionate, and 0.1-0.5 part of premix.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, by mass, the complete feed comprises 70-72 parts of corn, 3-5 parts of wheat bran, 7-8 parts of flour, 13-15 parts of soybean meal, 0.03-0.05 part of rice hull powder, 0.8-0.9 part of limestone powder, 0.4-0.6 part of calcium bicarbonate, 0.01-0.02 part of phytase, 0.01-0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 0.2-0.5 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.04-0.06 part of amino acid, 0.1-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.05-0.1 part of calcium propionate, and 0.1-0.3 part of premix.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the premix comprises vitamins and minerals.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the vitamins include at least one of vitamin A, vitamin D 3 , vitamin B 12 , vitamin B 1 , vitamin K, vitamin B 2 , vitamin B 3 , vitamin B 6 , vitamin E, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and biotin.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the minerals include at least one of iron (FeSO4), manganese (MnSO 4 ), copper (CuSO 4 ), zinc (ZnSO 4 ), selenium, and iodine (KI).

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, per kilogram of the complete feed, it contains 8000 IU of VA, VD 3 2000 IU, 12.5 IU of VE, VK 3 0.2 mg, VB 1 10000 mg, VB 2 25000 mg, VB 6 3 mg, VB 1215 μg, 8 mg of D-biotin, 1.0 mg of D-pantothenic acid, 5000 mg of folic acid, 17.5 mg of nicotinamide, 16 mg of copper, 0.3 mg of iodine, 165 mg of iron, 0.3 mg of selenium, 165 mg of zinc, and 90 mg of manganese.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the amino acids include at least one of threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the complete feed is a complete feed for secondary fattening pigs.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pigs are three-way crossbred pigs.

[0026] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the complete feed of the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: crushing corn, wheat bran, and soybean meal, and then mixing them with flour, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acids, sodium chloride, compound premix for big pigs, rice hull powder, calcium propionate, phytase, and ethoxyquinoline, followed by conditioning and pelleting to obtain the complete feed.

[0027] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the complete feed of the first aspect of the present invention in the preparation of products for improving the growth performance of secondary fattening pigs, reducing the cost of meat production, and / or reducing the diarrhea rate of fattening pigs.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary fattening pigs are big pigs weighing 110 - 150 kg.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary fattening pigs are three-way crossbred pigs.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] The complete formulated feed for secondary fattening pigs based on the ratio of standard ileal digestible lysine to net energy provided by the present invention can optimize the SID-Lys / NE ratio to balance protein deposition and energy metabolism, significantly reduce the feed-to-gain ratio of fattening pigs (P < 0.05), and at the same time reduce the cost of meat production and improve the fur condition. Through experimental verification, the SID-Lys / NE of 3.06 g / Mcal is significantly better than the existing range (2.65 - 4.29 g / Mcal), achieving the unexpected effects of reducing the cost of meat production by 9.3% and the diarrhea rate by 66.7%.

[0032] The complete feed provided by the present invention can increase the activity of digestive enzymes in chyme and has no adverse effect on intestinal morphology; this complete feed does not contain antibiotics, is suitable for ecological and healthy breeding, and reduces environmental pollution. In addition, the raw materials of this complete feed have stable sources, low prices, and the production process of this feed is simple and convenient to use.

[0033] The SID-Lys / NE ratio (3.06 g / Mcal) of the complete feed of the present invention breaks through the existing technical understanding. By combining the synergistic effects of specific components, it solves the long-term technical problem of energy-amino acid imbalance in the feed for secondary fattening pigs, and produces unexpected technical effects. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the body weight of secondary fattening pigs.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the average daily feed intake of secondary fattening pigs.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the average daily weight gain of secondary fattening pigs.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the feed-to-gain ratio of secondary fattening pigs. In the figure, the same letters represent no significant difference, and different letters represent significant differences.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the formula cost of secondary fattening pigs.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the cost of meat production of secondary fattening pigs.

[0040] Figure 7 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the diarrhea rate of secondary fattening pigs.

[0041] Figure 8 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the diarrhea score of secondary fattening pigs.

[0042] Figure 9 It is a comparison chart of the influence of the complete feed on the fur score, skin color score and body shape score of secondary fattening pigs.

[0043] Figure 10 It is the influence of the complete feed on the activities of lactase and maltase in the jejunal chyme of secondary fattening pigs. In the figure, the same letters represent no significant difference, and different letters represent significant differences.

[0044] Figure 11 It is the influence of the complete feed on the activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in the ileal chyme of secondary fattening pigs. In the figure, the same letters represent no significant difference, and different letters represent significant differences.

[0045] Figure 12 It is the influence of the complete feed on the jejunal villus height, crypt depth and their ratio of secondary fattening pigs.

[0046] Figure 13Effect of complete feed on ileal villus height, crypt depth and their ratio in secondary fattening pigs. Detailed implementation mode

[0047] The content of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0048] It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. For those not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For reagents or instruments without indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0050] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] A complete feed for secondary fattening pigs, comprising the following raw materials by mass fraction: 71.8 parts of corn, 3.1 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of high-gluten flour, 14.5 parts of soybean meal (protein content 46%), 0.9 part of stone powder, 0.53 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.18 part of L-lysine sulfate (70%), 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.3 part of compound premix for big pigs, 0.05 part of fine rice husk powder, 0.1 part of calcium propionate, 0.02 part of phytase (20000IU) and 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline;

[0053] The compound premix for big pigs includes: VA, VD 3 , VE, VK 3 , VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 6 , VB 12 , D-biotin, D-pantothenic acid, folic acid, nicotinamide, copper, iodine, iron, selenium, zinc and manganese;

[0054] Each kilogram of the complete feed for fattening pigs contains 8000IU of VA, VD 3 2000IU, 12.5IU of VE, VK 3 0.2mg, VB 1 10000mg, VB 2 25000mg, VB 6 3mg, VB 1215 μg, 8 mg of D-biotin, 1.0 mg of D-pantothenic acid, 5000 mg of folic acid, 17.5 mg of nicotinamide, 16 mg of copper, 0.3 mg of iodine, 165 mg of iron, 0.3 mg of selenium, 165 mg of zinc, and 90 mg of manganese.

[0055] The preparation method of the above-mentioned complete feed for fattening pigs includes the following steps: Corn, wheat bran, and soybean meal are ground into particles with a size of 2.0 mm. Then, they are fully mixed with equal proportions of flour, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, L-lysine sulfate, sodium chloride, compound premix for big pigs, rice hull powder, calcium propionate, phytase, and ethoxyquinoline in a blender for 3 minutes, and then granulated at high temperature by a granulator. The granulation temperature is required to reach 85 °C, and the conditioning time is 180 s.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] A complete feed for secondary fattening pigs includes the following raw materials by mass fraction: 71.7 parts of corn, 3.2 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of high-gluten flour, 14.2 parts of soybean meal (protein content 46%), 0.9 part of stone powder, 0.59 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.18 part of L-lysine sulfate (70%), 0.05 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.3 part of compound premix for big pigs (the same as in Example 1, the same below), 0.05 part of fine rice hull powder, 0.1 part of calcium propionate, 0.02 part of phytase, and 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline.

[0058] The preparation method of the above-mentioned complete feed for fattening pigs: Corn, wheat bran, and soybean meal are ground into particles with a size of 2.0 mm. Then, they are fully mixed with equal proportions of flour, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, L-lysine sulfate, L-threonine, sodium chloride, compound premix for big pigs, rice hull powder, calcium propionate, phytase, and ethoxyquinoline in a blender for 3 minutes, and then granulated at high temperature by a granulator. The granulation temperature is required to reach 85 °C, and the conditioning time is 180 s.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A complete feed for secondary fattening pigs includes the following raw materials by mass fraction: 71.5 parts of corn, 3.7 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of high-gluten flour, 13.6 parts of soybean meal (protein content 46%), 0.9 part of stone powder, 0.54 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58 part of L-lysine sulfate (70%), 0.12 part of L-threonine, 0.02 part of L-tryptophan, 0.04 part of DL-methionine, 0.01 part of valine, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.3 part of compound premix for big pigs, 0.05 part of fine rice hull powder, 0.1 part of calcium propionate, 0.02 part of phytase, and 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline.

[0061] The preparation method of the above-mentioned finishing pig complete feed includes the following steps: Corn, wheat bran, and soybean meal are crushed to a particle size of 2.0 mm. Then, they are fully mixed with equal proportions of flour, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, L-lysine sulfate, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, DL-methionine, valine, sodium chloride, compound premix for big pigs, rice husk powder, calcium propionate, phytase, and ethoxyquinoline in a blender for 3 minutes, and then granulated at high temperature by a granulator. The granulation temperature is required to reach 85 °C, and the conditioning time is 180 s.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] A secondary finishing pig complete feed, the finishing pig complete feed, includes the following raw materials by mass fraction: rice 71.1 parts, wheat bran 5.1 parts, high-gluten flour 8 parts, soybean meal (protein content 46%) 11.9 parts, stone powder 0.9 part, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.56 part, L-lysine sulfate (70%) 0.8 part, L-threonine 0.2 part, L-tryptophan 0.05 part, DL-methionine 0.11 part, valine 0.09 part, sodium chloride 0.5 part, compound premix for big pigs 0.3 part, rice husk powder (fine) 0.05 part, calcium propionate 0.1 part, phytase 0.02 part, and ethoxyquinoline 0.02 part.

[0064] The preparation method of the above-mentioned finishing pig complete feed includes the following steps: Corn, wheat bran, and soybean meal are crushed to a particle size of 2.0 mm. Then, they are fully mixed with equal proportions of flour, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, L-lysine sulfate, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, DL-methionine, valine, sodium chloride, compound premix for big pigs, rice husk powder, calcium propionate, phytase, and ethoxyquinoline in a blender for 3 minutes, and then granulated at high temperature by a granulator. The granulation temperature is required to reach 85 °C, and the conditioning time is 180 s.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] A finishing pig complete feed includes the following raw materials by mass fraction: corn 70.8 parts, wheat bran 5.1 parts, high-gluten flour 8 parts, soybean meal (protein content 46%) 11.9 parts, stone powder 0.94 part, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.55 part, L-lysine sulfate (70%) 1.02 parts, L-threonine 0.28 part, L-tryptophan 0.07 part, DL-methionine 0.17 part, valine 0.18 part, sodium chloride 0.5 part, compound premix for big pigs 0.3 part, rice husk powder 0.05 part, calcium propionate 0.1 part, phytase 0.02 part, and ethoxyquinoline 0.02 part.

[0067] The preparation method of the above-mentioned complete feed for fattening pigs comprises the following steps: Corn, wheat bran and soybean meal are crushed into particles with a size of 2.0 mm. Then, they are fully mixed with equal proportions of flour, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, L-lysine sulfate, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, DL-methionine, valine, sodium chloride, compound premix for large pigs, rice hull powder, calcium propionate, phytase, and ethoxyquinoline in a blender for 3 minutes, and then granulated at high temperature by a granulator. The granulation temperature is required to reach 85 °C, and the conditioning time is 180 s.

[0068] Effect implementation example

[0069] This implementation example examines the effects of the complete feeds for fattening pigs in Implementation Examples 1 to 5 on the growth performance, meat production cost, formula cost, diarrhea rate, diarrhea score, fur score, skin color score, body shape score, digestive enzymes, and intestinal morphology of fattening pigs. The specific experiment is as follows:

[0070] (1) Test pigs and breeding management

[0071] 180 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire three-way crossbred pigs of the same strain (average weight 113.90 ± 4.72 kg, half male and half female) were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, with 6 replicates in each treatment group and 6 pigs in each replicate. A 30-day feeding experiment was carried out. According to the NRC standard, according to the nutritional requirements of pigs weighing 110 - 150 kg, the net energy of the diet was unified to 2450 kcal / kg, and the SID-Lys / NE of the complete feeds for fattening pigs in Implementation Examples 1 to 5 (corresponding to Experimental Groups 1 to 5 in sequence) were 2.65, 3.06, 3.47, 3.88, and 4.29 g / Mcal respectively. The specific feed formula is shown in Table 1. In each stage, the daily feed intake and health status of each pen of pigs, as well as the daily temperature and humidity of the pen environment, were recorded. The breeding cycle was 30 days.

[0072] Table 1 Feed formula and nutritional status of the complete feeds for fattening pigs in Implementation Examples 1 to 5

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Note: 1 indicates that each kilogram of the complete feed for fattening pigs contains 8000 IU of VA, VD 3 2000 IU, 12.5 IU of VE, VK 3 0.2 mg, VB 1 10000 mg, VB 2 25000 mg, VB 6 3 mg, VB 1215μg, D-biotin 8mg, D-pantothenic acid 1.0mg, folic acid 5000mg, niacinamide 17.5mg, copper 16mg, iodine 0.3mg, iron 165mg, selenium 0.3mg, zinc 165mg and manganese 90mg.

[0076] (2) Sample collection and analysis

[0077] At the beginning and end of the experiment, the feed trough was emptied 6 hours in advance to facilitate weighing on an empty stomach. The initial and final weights of each pig were recorded to calculate the average daily gain (ADG). The weight of the feed and the remaining feed in the trough was weighed each time, and the average daily feed intake (ADFI) was calculated, and then the feed-to-weight ratio (G / F) was calculated.

[0078] Average daily weight gain (ADG, kg) = (final weight - initial weight) / number of test days;

[0079] Average daily feed intake (ADFI, kg) = (total amount of feed fed daily - amount remaining in the trough) / number of experimental days;

[0080] Feed weight ratio (G / F) = ADFI / ADG.

[0081] Stool, coat and body conformation scores:

[0082] The scat scoring standard for pigs uses a five-level scoring system: 1 point: hard, formed granular scat that forms small, hard clumps; 2 points: hard, formed scat that remains firm and soft; 3 points: soft, formed and moist scat that can hold its shape; 4 points: soft, unformed scat that can adapt to the shape of the container; 5 points: watery scat with no solid form.

[0083] The pig's coat is scored on a 5-point scale: 1 point: long, pale and dull hair; 2 points: pale, long and dull hair; 3 points: reddish skin, long and dull hair; 4 points: rosy skin, smooth and shiny hair; 5 points: rosy skin, short / smooth and shiny hair.

[0084] The pig's body shape is still scored on a 5-point system:

[0085] 1 point: thin, with prominent spine and shoulder blades; 2 points: relatively thin, with slightly prominent spine; 3 points: not thin, with a normal body shape; 4 points: plump and strong; 5 points: plump and strong.

[0086] After the breeding experiment, the animals were starved for 24 hours. Six animals were slaughtered in each treatment group, and their jejunal and ileal tissues were dissected and stored in 4% paraformaldehyde solution. The intestinal contents of the jejunum and ileum were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen in cryopreservation tubes for later use in the detection of various indicators.

[0087] Sucrase: The determination was carried out according to the instructions of the kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., product number A082-2-1). The general process is as follows: The supernatant after dissolving an appropriate amount of the sample in normal saline was mixed with the substrate, reacted at 37 °C for 20 min, the terminator was added, and after mixing, it was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. 8 μL of the supernatant was mixed with 200 μL of reagent three, incubated for 15 min, and then measured at a wavelength of 505 nm using a full-automatic microplate reader.

[0088] Maltase: The determination was carried out according to the instructions of the kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., product number A082-3-1). The general process is as follows: The supernatant after dissolving an appropriate amount of the sample in normal saline was mixed with the substrate, reacted at 37 °C for 20 min, the terminator was added, and after mixing, it was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. 8 μL of the supernatant was mixed with 200 μL of reagent three, incubated for 15 min, and then measured at a wavelength of 505 nm using a full-automatic microplate reader.

[0089] Alkaline phosphatase: The determination was carried out according to the instructions of the kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., product number A059-2). The general process is as follows: The supernatant after dissolving an appropriate amount of the sample in normal saline was mixed with the substrate, water-bathed at 37 °C for 15 min, the chromogenic agent was added and mixed well. The absorbance value of each well was measured with a microplate reader at a wavelength of 520 nm.

[0090] Lactase: The determination was carried out according to the instructions of the kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., product number A082-1-1). The general process is as follows: The supernatant after dissolving an appropriate amount of the sample in normal saline was mixed with the substrate, reacted at 37 °C for 20 min, the termination solution was added, and after mixing, it was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. 8 μL of the supernatant was mixed with 200 μL of reagent three, incubated for 15 min, and then measured at a wavelength of 505 nm using a full-automatic microplate reader.

[0091] Jejunum and ileum tissue section staining: The intestinal tissue fixed with formaldehyde underwent steps such as dehydration, clearing with xylene, paraffin embedding, sectioning, dewaxing, hematoxylin-eosin staining, etc. Finally, it was sealed with neutral balsam and a coverslip. Photographs were taken under a microscope.

[0092] After preliminary sorting of all the data using Excel 2021, the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests were used in SPSS 22.0 to check the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance of the data. One-way ANOVA was performed for multiple group comparisons, followed by Tukey's test. The results are expressed as mean and standard deviation. The statistical analysis of the diarrhea rate was performed using the independent samples T-test in the non-parametric test of SPSS 22.0. A significant difference was indicated when P < 0.05, and a trend was indicated when 0.05 ≤ P < 0.1.

[0093] (3) Experimental results

[0094] The final weight and average daily feed intake are as Figures 1 to 2 shown. Compared with experimental group 2, there were no significant differences in the final weight and average daily feed intake of the fattening pigs in experimental groups 1, 3, 4, and 5, indicating that feeding the full-price feed for fattening pigs in Examples 1-5 had no significant effect on the final weight and average daily feed intake of the fattening pigs.

[0095] The average daily weight gain of each experimental group is as Figure 3 shown. Compared with experimental group 2, there was a tendency for the average daily weight gain to decrease in experimental groups 1 and 5; there were no significant differences in the average daily weight gain between experimental groups 3 and 4.

[0096] The feed-to-gain ratio of each experimental group is as Figure 4 shown. Compared with experimental group 2, there was a tendency for the feed-to-gain ratio of pigs to increase in experimental groups 1, 3, and 4, and the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly increased in experimental groups 1 and 5.

[0097] The formula cost of each experimental group is as Figure 5 shown. Compared with experimental group 2, there were no significant differences in the formula cost among experimental groups 1, 3, 4, and 5. However, compared with experimental group 1, the formula cost increased by 3.3% in experimental group 2; compared with experimental group 3, the formula cost decreased by 0.2% in experimental group 2; compared with experimental group 4, the formula cost decreased by 1.1% in experimental group 2; compared with experimental group 5, the formula cost decreased by 1.49% in experimental group 2.

[0098] The meat production cost of each experimental group is as Figure 6 shown. Compared with experimental group 2, there were no significant differences in the meat production cost among experimental groups 1, 3, 4, and 5. However, compared with experimental group 1, the meat production cost decreased by 9.3% in experimental group 2; compared with experimental group 3, the meat production cost decreased by 9.4% in experimental group 2; compared with experimental group 4, the meat production cost decreased by 9.4% in experimental group 2; compared with experimental group 5, the meat production cost decreased by 9.7% in experimental group 2.

[0099] The diarrhea rate of each experimental group is as Figure 7As shown, compared with experimental group 1, there was no significant difference in the diarrhea rate in experimental group 2, and the diarrhea rate increased by 0.5%; compared with experimental group 3, the diarrhea rate in experimental group 2 decreased by 66.7%; compared with experimental group 4, the diarrhea rate in experimental group 2 did not improve, but the diarrhea score decreased by 152%; compared with experimental group 5, the diarrhea rate in experimental group 2 increased by 20%.

[0100] The diarrhea scores of each experimental group are as Figure 8 shown. Compared with experimental group 1, the diarrhea score in experimental group 2 decreased by 40%; compared with experimental group 3, the diarrhea score in experimental group 2 decreased by 60%; compared with experimental group 4, the diarrhea score in experimental group 2 decreased by 152%; compared with experimental group 5, the diarrhea scores were consistent.

[0101] The fur scores of each experimental group are as Figure 9 shown. Compared with experimental group 1, there was no significant difference in the fur score in experimental group 2, but the fur score increased by 1.7%, the skin color score increased by 3.3%, and the body shape score increased by 2.4%; compared with experimental group 3, the fur scores were the same, the skin color score increased by 2.5%, and the body shape score increased by 0.4%; compared with experimental group 4, the fur scores were the same, the skin color score increased by 1.7%, and the body shape score increased by 0.4%; compared with experimental group 5, the fur scores were the same, the skin color score decreased by 1.7%, and the body shape score increased by 0.2%.

[0102] The lactase and maltase of each experimental group are as Figure 10 shown. Compared with experimental group 2, the activities of lactase and maltase in experimental groups 1, 3, and 5 were significantly reduced, and there was a tendency for the lactase and maltase in experimental group 4 to decrease.

[0103] The alkaline phosphatase and sucrase of each experimental group are as Figure 11 shown. Compared with experimental group 2, there was a tendency for the alkaline phosphatase to decrease in experimental groups 1, 4, and 5; the alkaline phosphatase in experimental group 3 decreased significantly. There was no significant difference in the sucrase activity among the 5 experimental groups.

[0104] The jejunum of each experimental group is as Figure 12 shown. Among the 5 experimental groups, there were no significant differences in the jejunal villus height, crypt depth, and their ratio.

[0105] The ileum of each experimental group is as Figure 13 shown. Among the 5 experimental groups, there were no significant differences in the ileal villus height, crypt depth, and their ratio.

[0106] In summary, when the standard ileal digestible lysine in the finishing pig complete feed used is 0.73% (i.e., SID-Lys / NE is 3.06 g / Mcal), the diarrhea rate can be significantly reduced, while the feed-to-meat ratio, meat production cost and fur condition can be improved.

[0107] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A complete feed comprising corn, wheat bran, flour, soybean meal, rice husk powder, stone powder, calcium bicarbonate, phytase, ethoxyquin, lysine sulfate, amino acid, sodium chloride, calcium propionate and premix.

2. The complete feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The standard ileum digestible lysine content of the complete feed is 0.63% to 1.03%.

3. The complete feed according to claim 2, characterized in that The standard ileum digestible lysine to net energy ratio of the complete feed is 2.6 to 4.5 g / Mcal.

4. The complete feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Calculated by weight, the complete feed includes 65 to 80 parts of corn, 2 to 7 parts of wheat bran, 5 to 9 parts of flour, 10 to 20 parts of soybean meal, 0.01 to 0.1 parts of rice husk powder, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.1 to 0.9 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 0.01 to 0.05 parts of phytase, 0.01 to 0.05 parts of ethoxyquin, 0.1 to 1.5 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.01 to 0.7 parts of amino acids, 0.1 to 1 parts of sodium chloride, 0.05 to 0.5 parts of calcium propionate and 0.1 to 1 parts of premix.

5. The complete feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The premix includes vitamins and minerals.

6. The complete feed according to claim 5, characterized in that The vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin B 12 , vitamin B1, vitamin K, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, folic acid and biotin.

7. The complete feed according to claim 5, characterized in that The minerals include at least one of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, selenium and iodine.

8. The method for preparing the complete feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: The corn, wheat bran and soybean meal are crushed and mixed with flour, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acid, sodium chloride, large pig compound premix, rice husk powder, calcium propionate, phytase and ethoxyquin, and then tempered and granulated to obtain a complete feed.

9. Use of the complete feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the preparation of a product that improves the growth performance of fattening pigs, reduces meat production costs and / or reduces the diarrhea rate of fattening pigs.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fattening pig is a large pig with a body weight of 110 to 150 kg.

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